ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steve Keil - Entrepreneur
Based in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals.

Why you should listen

Steve Keil is an entrepreneur whose passion is to create companies in which people are inspired to make their mark with their ideas and imagination. He believes that business leaders are responsible for creating such an environment, by including social and environmental objectives in their personal and business ethics. He has taught at the American College, written for various publications, and currently teaches at the University of Sofia.

He says: "I don't like plastic bottles."

More profile about the speaker
Steve Keil | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBG

Steve Keil: A manifesto for play, for Bulgaria and beyond

史帝夫 凱爾:一個畀保加利亞同世界嘅玩樂宣言。

Filmed:
687,760 views

喺蘇菲亞 TEDxBG,史帝夫凱爾同殘害距家鄉保加利亞嘅“認真基因”作戰——距呼訏大家重返玩樂來復興經濟,教育同社會。呢個精綵嘅縯講帶畀全世界人一條普世咨詢用來改變距地嘅工作環境,學校同生活。
- Entrepreneur
Based in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I'm here today今日
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今日我喺度,
00:18
to start初時 a revolution革命.
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掀起一場革命。
00:20
Now before you get up in arms武器,
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喺你攞起武器,
00:22
or you break打破 into song首歌,
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開始高唱戰歌,
00:24
or you pick選擇 a favorite中意 color顏色,
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或者揀最中意嘅顔色之前,
00:26
I want to define定義 what I mean by revolution革命.
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我想明確一下我對革命嘅定義,
00:29
By revolution革命,
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所謂革命,
00:31
I mean a drastic激烈 and far-reaching深遠的 change
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即係喺我哋嘅思維同行為方式上,
00:34
in the way we think and behave行為 --
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喺我哋嘅思維同行為方式上,
00:37
the way we think and the way we behave行為.
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我哋嘅思維同行為方式上,明白嗎?
00:40
Now why, Steve史蒂夫, why do we need a revolution革命?
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點解係史帝夫,點解我哋要一場革命
00:43
We need a revolution革命
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我哋需要一場革命
00:45
because things aren't唔係 working工作; they're just not working工作.
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因為有啲嘢唔啱,完全唔啱。
00:48
And that makes使 me really sad傷心
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佢哋令我好頽喪,
00:50
because I'm sick生病 and tired of things not working工作.
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因為我為佢哋嘅唔啱而覺得。
00:53
You know, I'm sick生病 and tired of us not living生活 up to our potential.
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我痛心于大家沒生活喺以我們嘅潛力可以過嘅生活。
00:56
I'm sick生病 and tired of us being last.
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我痛心于我哋包尾。
00:59
And we are last place地方 in so many好多 things --
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我哋喺好多地方都係包尾——
01:02
for example例子, social社會 factors因素.
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比如社會方面,
01:05
We're last place地方 in Europe歐洲 in innovation創新.
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喺創新上,我哋喺成個歐洲都係包尾嘅
01:08
There we are right at the end結束, right at the bottom底部,
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我哋喺呢度,我哋喺最尾,
01:11
last place地方 as a culture文化 that doesn't value價值 innovation創新.
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被視為唔重視創新嘅民族。
01:14
We're last place地方 in health健康 care護理,
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我哋喺醫療保健上包尾,
01:16
and that's important重要 for a sense of well-being福祉.
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而呢樣嘢對幸福感喺好重要嘅
01:18
And there we are, not just last in the E.U.,
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我哋唔止喺歐盟包尾,
01:20
we're last in Europe歐洲, at the very bottom底部.
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我哋仲喺歐洲包尾,墊底。
01:22
And worst糟糕 of all,
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最弊嘅喺,
01:24
it just came out three weeks禮拜 ago, many好多 of you have seen看到 it, The Economist經濟學家.
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三個星期前先發布嘅,你哋好多人都應該睇過,經濟學人。
01:27
We're the saddest悲傷 place地方 on Earth地球,
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我哋係世界上最悲傷嘅地方,
01:30
relative相對 to GDPGdp per capita人均 --
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關聯到人均GDP——
01:32
the saddest悲傷 place地方 on Earth地球.
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世界上最悲傷嘅地方。
01:34
That's social社會. Let's look at education教育.
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呢個只喺社會方邊,再睇下教育。
01:37
Where do we rank排名 three weeks禮拜 ago
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我哋喺三個星期之前,
01:39
in another另一個 report報告 by the OECD經郃組織?
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一份经合組織(OECD)嘅報告指出
01:41
Last in reading閲讀, math數學 and science科學. Last.
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閱讀,數學同科學都係包尾嘅,包尾。
01:44
Business業務:
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商業上:
01:46
The lowest最低 perception感知 in the E.U.
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我哋係歐盟入面,對于
01:48
that entrepreneurs企業家 provide提供 benefits著數 to society社會.
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【企業家提供福利畀社會】呢個概唸嘅認同度最低。
01:51
Why as a result結果, what happens發生?
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結果?
01:53
The lowest最低 percentage百分比 of entrepreneurs企業家 starting初時 businesses企業.
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最少人做生意。
01:56
And this is despite儘管 the fact事實
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即使每個人都知道
01:58
that everybody大家 knows that small business業務
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小型企業喺經濟發展嘅引擎
02:00
is the engine發動機 of economies經濟.
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呢個事實。
02:02
We hire the most people; we create創建 the most taxes.
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我哋小型企業提供最多嘅職位,我哋貢獻最多嘅稅收。
02:05
So if our engine's引擎嘅 broken破碎, guess what?
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所以,如果我哋嘅引擎壞咗,會點?
02:08
Last in Europe歐洲 GDPGdp per capita人均.
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喺歐洲人均GDP上我哋亦係包尾。
02:11
Last.
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包尾。
02:13
So it's no surprise驚喜, guys, that 62 percent百分比 of Bulgarians保加利亞
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所以,一啲都唔奇怪,
02:16
are not optimistic樂觀 about the future未來.
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一啲都唔奇怪。
02:18
We're unhappy不幸, we have bad education教育,
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我哋唔開心,我哋教育唔好,
02:20
and we have the worst糟糕 businesses企業.
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我哋仲有最差嘅生意。
02:23
And these are facts事實, guys.
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而呢啲都喺事實啊,各位。
02:25
This isn't story故事 tale故事; it's not make-believe令信.
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唔係古仔,唔係作出來嘅。
02:28
It's not.
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唔係!
02:30
It's not a conspiracy陰謀 I have got against Bulgaria保加利亞. These are facts事實.
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唔係我用來針對保加利亞嘅隂謀,呢個喺事實。
02:33
So I think it should be really, really clear清楚
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所以,好明顯,
02:35
that our system系統 is broken破碎.
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我哋嘅繫統short咗。
02:37
The way we think, the way we behave行為,
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我哋霖嘢嘅方式,我哋嘅行為,
02:39
our operating經營 system系統 of behaving行為 is broken破碎.
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我哋嘅操作繫統short咗。
02:41
We need a drastic激烈 change in the way we think and behave行為
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我哋需要一個長遠而徹底嘅改變,
02:44
to transform變換 Bulgaria保加利亞 for the better,
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來令保加利亞變得更好,
02:46
for ourselves自己, for our friends朋友,
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爲咗我哋自己,爲咗我哋嘅朋友
02:48
for our family家庭 and for our future未來.
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爲咗我哋屋企人,同埋我哋嘅未來。
02:50
How did this happen發生?
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點做啊?
02:52
Let's be positive積極 now. We're going to get positive積極. How did this happen發生?
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樂觀啲,我哋積極啲。點先可以改變?
02:55
I think we're last because --
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我認為,我哋包尾係因為——
02:57
and this is going to be drastic激烈 to some of you --
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呢個可能會震撼到一啲人——
02:59
because we are handicapping阻住 ourselves自己.
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因為我哋固步自封。
03:01
We're holding舉行 ourselves自己 back
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我哋扯著自己返轉頭
03:03
because we don't value價值 play.
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因為我哋唔重視玩。
03:05
I said "play," all right.
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我話【玩】!
03:07
In case情況下 some of you forgot唔記得 what play is, this is what play looks睇黎 like.
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可能有啲人已經唔記得乜嘢係玩了,玩係咁樣嘅。
03:10
Babies寶寶 play, kids孩子 play,
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bb仔玩,細路仔玩,
03:12
adults成人 play.
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大人玩。
03:14
We don't value價值 play.
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我哋唔重視玩。
03:16
In fact事實, we devalue貶值 play.
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事實上,我哋輕視玩。
03:18
And we devalue貶值 it in three areas一區.
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我哋喺呢三個方面輕視玩。
03:20
Let's go back to the same相同 three areas一區.
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睇返我哋啱先講嘅三個方面。
03:22
Social社會: 45 years of what?
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社會方面:45年嘅乜?
03:24
Of communism共產主義 --
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共産主義
03:26
of valuing重視 the society社會 and the state狀態 over the individual
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社會同國家高于個人利益
03:29
and squashing擠壓, inadvertently無意中,
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無意之中碾壓咗創造力,
03:31
creativity創造力, individual self-expression自我表達 and innovation創新.
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自我表達,同創新意識。
03:35
And instead相反, what do we value價值?
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相反,我哋重視乜嘢?
03:37
Because it's shown顯示
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好明顯,
03:39
the way we apply應用, generate生成 and use knowledge知識
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我哋做嘢,生産,同知識運用
03:43
is affected影響 by our social社會 and institutional制度 context上下文,
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係畀我哋嘅社會同製度環境所影響,
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which told us what in communism共產主義?
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共産主義要我哋點做?
03:47
To be serious嚴重.
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严肃。
03:49
To be really, really serious嚴重.
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要严肃。
03:51
It did.
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非常非常严肃。
03:53
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
03:57
Be serious嚴重.
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講真咖。
03:59
I can't tell you how many好多 times I've been scolded in the park公園
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我已經記唔清畀人喺公園鬧過幾多次,
04:02
for letting my kids孩子 play on the ground地面.
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因為我畀我嘅細路喺地下玩。
04:06
Heaven天堂 forbid禁止 they play in the dirt污垢, the kal卡爾,
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絕對唔畀佢哋喺泥(кал,保加利亚语)度玩,
04:09
or even worse更糟, lokvilokvi, water -- that will kill them.
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更咪話玩水,咁會害死佢哋。
04:12
I have been told by babasbabas and dyadosdyados
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爺爺嫲嫲同我講,
04:14
that we shouldn't唔该 let our kids孩子 play so much
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我哋唔可以畀細路玩咁多,
04:17
because life is serious嚴重
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因為人生喺嚴肅認真嘅,
04:19
and we need to train火車 them for the seriousness嚴重性 of life.
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我哋要訓練佢哋面對人生嘅嚴肅認真。
04:21
We have a serious嚴重 memeMeme running運行 through透過.
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我哋文化之中有一個嚴肅嘅基因。
04:24
It's a social社會 gene基因 running運行 through透過 us.
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係我哋體內嘅社會基因。
04:26
It's a serious嚴重 gene基因.
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一個嚴肅嘅基因。
04:28
It's 45 years of it
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45年來
04:30
that's created創建 what I call the "baba巴巴 factor因素."
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佢創造咗我叫做“嫲嫲因素”嘅嘢。
04:32
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:34
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
04:36
And here's呢度有 how it works工程.
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過程係咁嘅,
04:38
Step one: woman女人 says, "I want to have a baby寶貝. IskamIskam baby寶貝."
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第一步:“女人話,我想有個得意嘅BB。”
04:41
Step two: we get the baby寶貝. Woohoo嗚嘑!
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第二部:我哋生咗個BB出來啦~
04:43
But then what happens發生 in step three?
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但第三步又點咧?
04:45
I want to go back to work
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我要返工,
04:47
because I need to further進一步 my career職業 or I just want to go have coffees咖啡.
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因為我想發展自己嘅事業,或者想飲杯咖啡。
04:50
I'm going to give bebkobebko to baba巴巴.
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我要將BB畀嫲嫲睇著。
04:53
But we need to remember記得
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但記得嘛?
04:55
that baba's爸爸嘅 been infected感染 by the serious嚴重 memeMeme for 45 years.
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嫲嫲已經畀嚴肅基因影響咗45年啦。
04:58
So what happens發生?
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所以發生乜事?
05:00
She passes透過 that virus病毒 on to baby寶貝,
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佢將呢個病毒傳畀BB,
05:03
and it takes a really, really, really long time -- as the redwood紅木 trees --
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而咁要花好長好長時間——好似紅杉樹一樣,
05:07
for that serious嚴重 memeMeme
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將呢個嚴肅基因
05:09
to get out of our operating經營 system系統.
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從我哋思想入邊消除。
05:12
What happens發生 then?
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跟著咧?
05:14
It goes into education教育 where we have an antiquated education教育 system系統
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我哋嘅教育體製抱殘守缺
05:17
that has little changed for 100 years,
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100年先變得嗰啲咁多
05:19
that values rote死記硬揹 learning學習,
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重視死記硬揹,
05:21
memorization記憶 and standardization標準化,
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生搬硬套,墨守陳規,
05:23
and devalues貶值 self-expression自我表達, self-exploration自我探索,
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輕視自我表達,自我探索,
05:26
questioning質疑, creativity創造力 and play.
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疑問,創造,同玩耍。
05:28
It's a crap廢話 system系統.
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呢個繫統坏咗。
05:30
True真係 story故事: I went looking for a school學校 for my kid孩子.
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真實故事:我幫我嘅仔揾學校。
05:34
We went to this prestigious著名 little school學校
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去到呢間出名嘅細學校,
05:36
and they say they're going to study研究 math數學 10 times a week
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佢哋話學校一個星期上10堂數學
05:38
and science科學 eight times a week
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8堂科學
05:40
and reading閲讀 five times a day and all this stuff啲嘢.
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5堂閱讀,等等等等。
05:42
And we said, "Well what about play and recess休會?"
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跟著我哋問:“咁啲學生玩幾耐啊?”
05:45
And they said, "Ha醫管局. There won't唔會 be a single moment時刻 in the schedule附表."
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佢哋話:“課程表入邊根本就沒呢樣嘢。”
05:48
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:50
And we said, "He's five."
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跟著我哋話“佢先5歲咋。”
05:52
What a crime犯罪. What a crime犯罪.
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犯罪!犯罪!
05:54
And it's a crime犯罪
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咁係犯罪
05:56
that our education教育 system系統 is so serious嚴重 because education教育 is serious嚴重
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我哋嘅教育體繫太嚴肅了,
05:59
that we're creating創建 mindless盲目, robotic機械人 workers工人
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我哋剩係識創造沒腦嘅機械工人
06:01
to put bolts螺栓 in pre-drilled预鉆孔 holes.
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去同螺母上螺絲。
06:03
But I'm sorry, the problems個問題 of today今日
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但可惜嘅喺,而家嘅問題,
06:05
are not the problems個問題 of the Industrial工業 Revolution革命.
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唔喺工業革命嗰時嘅問題。
06:07
We need adaptability適應性,
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我哋需要適應能力,
06:09
the ability能力 to learn學習 how to be creative創造性 and innovative創新.
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去學習創造同創新。
06:12
We don't need mechanized機械化 workers工人.
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我哋唔需要機械人咁嘅工作者。
06:14
But no, now our memeMeme goes into work where we don't value價值 play.
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現實喺,我哋嘅文化輕視玩。
06:17
We create創建 robotic機械人 workers工人 that we treat治療 like assets資產,
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我哋創造機械人咁嘅工人,仲當喺工具咁,
06:20
to lever槓桿 and just throw away.
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用完就丟。
06:22
What are qualities質素 of a Bulgarian保加利亞文 work?
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保加利亞人工作嘅特點係乜?
06:25
Autocratic專制 --
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獨斷專橫——
06:27
do what I say because I'm the chef廚師.
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照我講嘅做,因為我係老闆。
06:29
I'm the boss老闆 and I know better than you.
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我叻過你。
06:31
Untrusting不信 -- you're obviously顯然 a criminal刑事, so I'm going to install安裝 cameras相機.
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唔信任——你擺明係個罪犯,所以我要裝攝像槍。
06:34
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:36
Controlling控制 --
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指手画脚——
06:38
you're obviously顯然 an idiot白痴, so I'm going to make
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你擺明係個死蠢,所以我要整幾百萬個步驟畀你跟著
06:40
a zillion無數 little processes過程 for you to follow遵循 so you don't step out of the box.
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咁你就唔會做錯啦。
06:43
So they're restrictive制約 -- don't use your mobile移動 phone電話,
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佢哋仲好嚴格——唔畀用打電話,
06:45
don't use your laptop筆記本電腦, don't search搜尋 the Internet互聯網,
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唔畀用手提電腦,唔畀上網,
06:47
don't be on I.M.
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唔畀用聊天工具。
06:49
That's somehow無論如何 unprofessional專業 and bad.
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太唔專業了,
06:51
And at the end結束 of the day, it's unfulfilling空虛
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做足一日,沒啲成就感,
06:53
because you're controlled控制, you're restricted限制, you're not valued
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因為你畀人睇著,你畀人限製著,你沒價值
06:56
and you're not having any fun有趣.
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仲要無聊到死。
06:58
In social社會, in education教育 and in our business業務,
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喺社會,教育,工作上,
07:00
don't value價值 play.
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我哋唔重視玩。
07:02
And that's why we're last,
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呢個就係我哋包尾嘅原因,
07:04
because we don't value價值 play.
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因為我哋唔重視玩。
07:06
And you can say, "That's ridiculous荒謬, Steve史蒂夫. What a dumb idea想法.
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你可能會話,“史帝夫喺度亂噏。咁沒譜嘅霖法都有嘎。
07:09
It can't be because of play.
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點可能喺因為玩咧。
07:11
Just play, that's a stupid愚蠢 thing."
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因為玩好蠢。”喺咪?
07:13
We have the serious嚴重 memeMeme in us.
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因為我哋有嚴肅基因。
07:15
Well I'm going to say no.
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我要話,唔係!
07:17
And I will prove證明 it to you in the next part部分 of the speech演講 --
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我跟著落來就會證明畀你睇——
07:20
that play is the catalyst催化劑, it is the revolution革命,
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玩係催化剂,係變革,
07:23
that we can use to transform變換 Bulgaria保加利亞 for the better.
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係用來令保加利亞變得更好嘅載體。
07:26
Play:
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玩:
07:28
our brains大腦
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我哋嘅大腦,
07:30
are hardwired天生 for play.
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係专为玩耍而设计嘅。
07:32
Evolution演化 has selected選擇,
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生物進化選擇咗佢,
07:34
over millions数百万 and billions数十亿 of years,
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超過千萬年,
07:37
for play in animals動物 and in humans人類.
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仍然保留喺人類同動物身上。
07:40
And you know what?
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知道嘛?
07:42
Evolution演化 does a really, really good job工作
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進化非常有用,
07:44
of deselecting取消 traits性狀 that aren't唔係 advantageous有利 to us
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佢淘汰棄對我哋有害嘅身體特徴。
07:47
and selecting選擇 traits性狀 for competitive競爭 advantage優勢.
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選擇利于生物競爭嘅特性。
07:50
Nature自然 isn't stupid愚蠢, and it selected選擇 for play.
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自然好醒目,而佢選擇咗玩來幫助進化。
07:53
Throughout整個 the animal動物 kingdom王國, for example例子:
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以動物界為例,
07:55
ants螞蟻. Ants螞蟻 play.
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螞蟻玩,
07:57
Maybe you didn't know that.
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不過你可能唔知,
07:59
But when they're playing,
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佢哋玩嘅時候,
08:01
they're learning學習 the social社會 order and dynamics動力學 of things.
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學會咗社會秩序同事物規律。
08:03
Rats大鼠 play, but what you might可能 not have known
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家鼠玩,不過你可能唔知,
08:05
is that rats大鼠 that play more
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家鼠玩得越多
08:07
have bigger brains大腦
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佢哋嘅腦就越大
08:09
and they learn學習 tasks任務 better,
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佢哋學嘢就會越快,
08:11
skills技能.
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佢哋學技能更容易。
08:13
Kittens play. We all know kittens play.
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貓仔玩,我哋都知道貓仔玩。
08:15
But what you may可能 not know
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不過你可能唔知,
08:17
is that kittens deprived剝奪 of play
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貓仔唔玩,
08:20
are unable冇辦法 to interact互動 socially社會.
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就沒辦法同其他貓交際。
08:22
They can still hunt狩獵, but they can't be social社會.
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佢哋仲係可以抓老鼠,但會孤僻。
08:25
Bears play.
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熊亦玩。
08:27
But what you may可能 not know
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不過你可能唔知,
08:29
is that bears that play more survive生存 longer.
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熊玩得越多,生存得越耐。
08:32
It's not the bears that learn學習 how to fish better.
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唔係嗰只抓魚叻嘅,
08:34
It's the ones that play more.
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而係玩得多嗰只。
08:37
And a final最後 really interesting有趣 study研究 --
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最后仲有一項有趣嘅研究,
08:39
it's been shown顯示, a correlation相關
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表明玩同腦容積
08:41
between之間 play and brain大腦 size大小.
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嘅關繫
08:43
The more you play, the bigger the brains大腦 there are.
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你玩得越多,大腦就會越發達。
08:46
Dolphins海豚, pretty big brains大腦, play a lot.
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海豚,有好大嘅腦,玩得好多。
08:49
But who do you think
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你認為邊個有最大嘅腦?
08:51
with the biggest最大 brains大腦 are the biggest最大 players球員?
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邊個最玩得嘅?
08:54
Yours truly真正: humans人類.
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梗喺你啦,人類!
08:56
Kids孩子 play, we play --
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細路玩,我哋玩——
08:58
of every nationality國籍, of every race比賽,
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每個國家,每個種族,
09:00
of every color顏色, of every religion宗教.
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每种膚色,每個宗教。
09:02
It's a universal普遍 thing -- we play.
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呢樣嘢喺普世共有嘅——我哋玩。
09:04
And it's not just kids孩子, it's adults成人 too.
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唔單止喺細路玩,大人亦玩。
09:07
Really cool term術語: neoteny揹鰭 --
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有型嘅講法:幼态延续——
09:09
the retention保留 of play and juvenile青少年 traits性狀 in adults成人.
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少年好玩嘅天性喺成年人内心嘅延续
09:12
And who are the biggest最大 neotenistsneotenists?
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邊個最童心未泯?
09:14
Humans人類. We play sports體育.
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人類。我哋玩運動。
09:16
We do it for fun有趣, or as Olympians奧運選手, or as professionals專業人士.
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爲咗娛樂,參賽,或者當成職業。
09:18
We play musical音樂 instruments儀器.
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我哋玩樂器。
09:20
We dance舞蹈, we kiss, we sing,
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我哋跳舞,我哋親吻,我哋唱歌,
09:22
we just goof混日子 around.
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我哋追逐打闹。
09:24
We're designed設計 by nature自然 to play
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我哋天生就識玩
09:27
from birth出生 to old age年齡.
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由細到大。
09:30
We're designed設計 to do that continuously係咁 --
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我哋被設計成一直咁做——
09:33
to play and play a lot
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玩,搏命玩
09:35
and not stop playing.
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永遠唔停止玩。
09:37
It is a huge巨大 benefit效益.
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玩有巨大嘅好處。
09:40
Just like there's benefits著數 to animals動物,
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就好似對動物嘅好處一樣,
09:42
there's benefits著數 to humans人類.
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佢亦有對人類嘅好處。
09:44
For example例子, it's been shown顯示
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比如,刺激喺杏仁体嘅
09:46
to stimulate刺激 neural神經 growth增長 in the amygdala杏仁核,
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神經生長,
09:48
in the area一區 where it controls控制 emotions情緒.
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呢度喺情緒控製中心。
09:50
It's been shown顯示 to promote促進 pre-frontal前正面 cortex皮質 development發展
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仲會促進脑前额叶外皮生長
09:53
where a lot of cognition認知 is happening發生.
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呢度喺意識形成嘅區域。
09:55
As a result結果, what happens發生?
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玩得多嘅結果係乜?
09:57
We develop發展 more emotional情感 maturity if we play more.
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我哋情感更加成熟,
10:00
We develop發展 better decision-making決策 ability能力
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我哋嘅決策能力更強。
10:02
if we play more.
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如果我哋玩得多嘅話。
10:04
These guys are facts事實.
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呢啲係事實。
10:06
It's not fiction小說, it's not story故事 tales故事, it's not make-believe令信;
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唔喺古仔,唔喺亂噏,可能沒人信。
10:08
it's cold, hard努力 science科學.
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但呢啲係硬科學。
10:10
These are the benefits著數 to play.
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玩有太多嘅好處了。
10:13
It is a genetic遺傳 birthright與生俱來 that we have,
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呢個係我哋天生嘅權利,
10:16
like walking or speaking or seeing看到.
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像好似講話,行路一樣。
10:19
And if we handicap障礙 ourselves自己 with play,
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而如果我們限製自己玩,
10:21
we handicap障礙 ourselves自己
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我們固步自封,裹足不前
10:23
as if we would with any other birthright與生俱來 that we have.
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如果唔行使我哋天生嘅權利。
10:25
We hold舉行 ourselves自己 back.
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我哋就會扯著自己返轉頭。
10:29
Little exercise運動 just for a second第二:
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做個小練習。
10:31
close關閉 your eyes眼睛
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合埋雙眼。
10:33
and try to imagine想象 a world世界 without play.
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試下想象一個沒得玩嘅世界,
10:36
Imagine想象 a world世界 without theater劇院, without the arts藝術,
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想象下一個世界沒戲劇,沒藝術嘅,
10:39
without song首歌, without dancing跳舞,
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沒歌曲,沒舞蹈,
10:42
without soccer足球, without football足球,
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沒足球,沒橄欖球,
10:44
without laughter笑聲.
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沒笑聲。
10:46
What does this world世界 look like?
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呢個世界睇落點啊?
10:48
It's pretty bleak暗淡.
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慘白。
10:50
It's pretty glum悶悶不樂.
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灰暗。
10:52
Now imagine想象 your workplace車間.
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而家想象一下你工作嘅地方。
10:54
Is it fun有趣? Is it playful好玩?
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有趣嘛?好玩嘛?
10:56
Or maybe the workplace車間 of your friends朋友 -- here we're forward向前 thinking思維.
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或者你朋友嘅工作環境——做個换位思考
10:59
Is it fun有趣? Is it playful好玩?
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有趣嘛?好玩嘛?
11:01
Or is it crap廢話? Is it autocratic專制, controlling控制,
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定係沒癮,機械化,高壓,
11:04
restrictive制約 and untrusting不信 and unfulfilling空虛?
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诸多阻滯,唔信任,沒成就感?
11:09
We have this concept概念
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我哋有個觀唸
11:11
that the opposite相反 of play is work.
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玩嘅反義詞就喺做嘢
11:14
We even feel guilty有罪 if we're seen看到 playing at work.
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我哋甚至會因為喺工作中玩而覺得慚愧。
11:17
"Oh, my colleagues同事 see me laughing. I must必須 not have enough work,"
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“弊啦,我同事見到我喺度笑。我一定係做得唔夠落力,”
11:20
or, "Oh, I've got to hide隱藏 because my boss老闆 might可能 see me.
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或者“我要收埋因為老細可能見到我。
11:23
He's going to think I'm not working工作 hard努力."
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佢會覺得我唔夠努力工作。”
11:26
But I have news新聞 for you: our thinking思維 is backwards向後.
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但我有個消息要話畀你啲知:我哋霖反咗。
11:28
The opposite相反 of play
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玩嘅反義詞
11:30
is not work.
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唔喺工作。
11:32
The opposite相反 of play
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玩嘅反義詞
11:34
is depression抑鬱症. It's depression抑鬱症.
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喺壓抑,壓抑。
11:37
In fact事實,
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事實上,
11:39
play improves提高 our work.
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玩提昇我哋嘅工作水平。
11:41
Just like there's benefits著數 for humans人類 and animals動物,
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就好似嗰啲對人類同動物嘅好處一樣,
11:43
there's benefits著數 for play at work.
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呢啲係玩對工作嘅好處。
11:45
For example例子, it stimulates刺激 creativity創造力.
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比如,佢刺激創造力。
11:49
It increases增加 our openness開放 to change.
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佢提昇我哋接受改變嘅開明度。
11:52
It improves提高 our ability能力 to learn學習.
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佢提昇我哋學習嘅能力。
11:54
It provides提供 a sense of purpose目的 and mastery掌握 --
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佢提供一種目標同掌控感——
11:56
two key關鍵 motivational動機 things
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通過玩
11:58
that increase增加 productivity生產力,
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提高生産效率
12:00
through透過 play.
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有2個關鍵因素
12:02
So before you start初時 thinking思維 of play as just not serious嚴重,
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唔好急著認為玩唔認真299 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:52,000 玩唔代表輕浮。
12:05
play doesn't mean frivolous沙塵.
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玩唔代表輕浮。
12:07
You know, the professional專業 athlete運動員 that loves skiing滑雪,
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職業運動員中意滑雪,
12:09
he's serious嚴重 about it, but he loves it.
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佢對滑雪好認真,但佢亦一樣愛呢樣運動。
12:12
He's having fun有趣, he's in the groove, he's in the flow.
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佢覺得開心,覺得愉快,覺得甘暢淋灕。
12:15
A doctor醫生 might可能 be serious嚴重,
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醫生可能會嚴肅,
12:17
but laughter's笑嘅 still a great medicine醫學.
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但笑聲依然係偉大嘅傷藥。
12:21
Our thinking思維 is backwards向後.
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我哋霖反咗。
12:23
We shouldn't唔该 be feeling感覺 guilty有罪.
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我哋唔應該覺得丑。
12:25
We should be celebrating慶祝 play.
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我哋應該慶祝玩樂。
12:27
Quick快速 example例子 from the corporate企業 world世界.
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一個企業嘅簡單例子
12:29
FedEx聯邦快遞, easy容易 motto座右銘: people, service服務, profit利潤.
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聯邦快遞,簡單口號:人,服務,利潤。
12:32
If you treat治療 your people like people, if you treat治療 them great,
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如果你人性化咁對員工,你對佢哋好,
12:35
they're happier快樂, they're fulfilled實現, they have a sense of mastery掌握 and purpose目的.
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佢哋更加開心,佢哋會覺得滿足,佢哋會有目標同掌控感。
12:38
What happens發生? They give better service服務 --
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跟著會點?佢哋會提供更好嘅服務——
12:40
not worse更糟, but better.
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唔係更差,而係更好。
12:42
And when customers客戶 call for service服務
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当客人需要服务时,
12:44
and they're dealing交易 with happy快樂 people that can make decisions決定 and are fulfilled實現,
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佢哋係同開心有主見有成就感嘅人打交道,
12:47
how do the customers客戶 feel? They feel great.
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客人會覺得點啊?佢哋會好滿足。
12:49
And what do great customers客戶 do, great-feeling偉大嘅感覺 customers客戶?
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滿足嘅客人會點做?
12:52
They buy more of your service服務 and they tell more of their佢哋 friends朋友,
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佢哋買你更多嘅服務同話畀更多嘅朋友知,
12:54
which leads導致 to more profit利潤.
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咁就帶來更多嘅利潤。
12:56
People, service服務, profit利潤.
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人,服務,利潤。
12:58
Play increases增加 productivity生產力, not decreases減少.
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玩耍提高生産力,唔係降低
13:01
And you're going to say,
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跟著你會話,
13:03
"Gee哎呀, that can work for FedEx聯邦快遞 out there in the United聯合 States國家,
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“唓,聯邦快遞呢套喺美國就行得通咯,
13:05
but it can't work in Bulgaria保加利亞.
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保加利亞就唔掂啦。
13:07
No way. We're different不同."
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唔得。我哋係唔同嘅。”
13:09
It does work in Bulgaria保加利亞, you guys. Two reasons原因.
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各位,佢對保加利亞一樣有用,2個原因。
13:11
One, play is universal普遍.
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一,玩係世界通用嘅。
13:13
There's nothing weird奇怪 about Bulgarians保加利亞 that we can't play,
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要踢开严肃基因,
13:16
besides除咗 the serious嚴重 memeMeme that we have to kick out.
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我哋保加利亚人玩无可厚非。
13:18
Two, I've tried試過 it. I've tried試過 at SciantSciant.
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二,我已經喺Sciant試過了。
13:21
When I got there, we had zero happy快樂 customers客戶.
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當我去嗰度嘅時候,我哋一個開心嘅客人都沒。
13:23
Not one customer客戶 would refer us.
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沒人願意揾我哋。
13:25
I asked問吓 them all.
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我問勻曬每一個人.
13:27
We had marginal邊際 profit利潤 -- I did.
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我哋占有市場最少嘅利潤——曾經
13:29
We had marginal邊際 profits利潤,
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我哋占有市場最少嘅利潤,
13:31
and we had unhappy不幸 stakeholders利益相關者.
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我哋有唔開心嘅股東。
13:33
Through透過 some basic基本 change,
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通過一啲基本嘅改變,
13:35
change like improving提高 transparency透明度,
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比如提昇透明度,
13:38
change like promoting促進 self-direction自我導向
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比如促進自我引導
13:40
and collaboration拍檔, encouraging鼓勵 collaboration拍檔,
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合作,鼓勵合作,
13:43
not autocracy專制,
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而唔係機械化,
13:45
the things like having a results-focus成果-重點.
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由結果引導努力。
13:47
I don't care護理 when you get in in the morning早上. I don't care護理 when you leave離開.
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我介意你幾時返工,我介意你幾時放工。
13:50
I care護理 that your customer客戶 and your team團隊 is happy快樂
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我介意嘅喺你嘅客人同同事開心
13:52
and you're organized組織 with that.
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你係令佢哋開心嘅人。
13:54
Why do I care護理 if you get in at nine o'clockD?
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點解我唔介意你係咪9點鐘返工?
13:56
Basically基本上 promoting促進 fun有趣.
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因為樂趣。
13:58
Through透過 promoting促進 fun有趣 and a great environment環境,
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通過提昇樂趣同好嘅工作環境
14:01
we were able to transform變換 SciantSciant
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我哋已經將Sciant變好
14:03
and, in just three short years --
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而呢個改變只係用咗短短3年——
14:05
sounds聽上去 like a long time, but change is slow --
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聽起身好耐,不過改變唔多——
14:07
every customer客戶, from zero to every customer客戶 referring us,
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每個客人,從一個客都沒到個個客人都選擇我哋,
14:10
above以上 average平均 profits利潤 for the industry行業
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我哋有咗呢行入邊超過50%嘅利潤
14:12
and happy快樂 stakeholders利益相關者.
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同埋開心嘅股東。
14:14
And you can say, "Well how do you know they're happy快樂?"
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跟著你會問,“你點知佢哋開心嘎?”
14:16
Well we did win贏得, every year that we entered進入,
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我哋做到咗,每一年我哋都獲得
14:18
one of the rankings排名 for best最好 employer僱主 for small business業務.
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小型企業最佳老闆獎
14:21
Independent獨立 analysis分析 from anonymous匿名 employees員工
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呢個喺員工匿名投票嘅
14:23
on their佢哋 surveys調查.
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獨立研究。
14:25
It does, and it can, work in Bulgaria保加利亞.
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玩, 對保加利亞係有用兼且行得通嘅.
14:27
There's nothing holding舉行 us back,
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沒嘢扯緊我哋返轉頭,
14:29
except除咗 our own自己 mentality心態 about play.
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除咗我哋對玩嘅成見.
14:32
So some steps步驟 that we can take -- to finish完成 up --
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最尾, 呢幾步可以
14:35
how to make this revolution革命 through透過 play.
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通過玩促成革命.
14:37
First of all, you have to believe me.
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首先, 你要信我.
14:39
If you don't believe me,
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如果你唔信我,
14:41
well just go home and think about it some more or something.
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咁就返屋企霖下先.
14:43
Second第二 of all, if you don't have the feeling感覺 of play in you,
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其次,如果你沒玩嘅興緻,
14:46
you need to rediscover重新 play.
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你要揾返佢返來來.
14:48
Whatever無論 it was that as a kid孩子 you used to enjoy享受,
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無論佢係你以前覺得好玩嘅,
14:50
that you enjoyed中意 only six months ago,
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可能就玩得個半年,
14:52
but now that you've got that promotion推廣 you can't enjoy享受,
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不過今日你因為昇職而唔玩得,373 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,000 因為你覺得要嚴肅啦,
14:54
because you feel like you have to be serious嚴重,
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因為你覺得要嚴肅啦,
14:56
rediscover重新 it.
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揾返佢。375 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,000 我唔理係佢踩單車爬山,定睇書,定打機,376 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:47,000 揾返佢.
14:58
I don't care護理 if it's mountain biking騎單車 or reading閲讀 a book or playing a game遊戲.
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我唔理喺踩單車爬山, 定讀書, 定打機,
15:00
Rediscover重新 that
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揾返佢.
15:02
because you're the leaders領導人,
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因為你係領袖,
15:04
the innovation創新 leaders領導人, the thought leaders領導人.
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維新領袖, 思想領袖。379 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,000 你係嗰個要返去辦公室
15:06
You're the ones that have to go back to the office辦公室
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你喺嗰個要返去辦公室
15:08
or talk to your friends朋友
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話畀你同事同朋友知嘅人
15:10
and ignite點燃 the fire of change in the play revolution革命.
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然后燃起玩嘅革命之火.
15:13
You guys have to, and if you're not feeling感覺 it,
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你一定要做, 否則
15:15
your colleagues同事, your employees員工, aren't唔係 going to feel it.
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你嘅同事, 你嘅手足係唔會信嘅.
15:18
You've got to go back and say, "Hey, I'm going to trust信任 you."
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你要返去同佢哋講:"喂, 我信你。"
15:21
Weird奇怪 concept概念: I hired you; I should trust信任 you.
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呢個霖法一啲都唔奇怪. 我請你梗係要信你嘎啦。386 00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:12,000 我準備畀支咪你. 我要授權畀你.
15:24
I'm going to let you make decisions決定. I'm going to empower授權 you,
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我準備畀支咪你. 我要授權畀你.
15:27
and I'm going to delegate委託 to the lowest最低 level水平, rather than the top返回頁首.
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我畀你抓主意, 將權利下放, 而唔係集權。
15:30
I'm going to encourage鼓勵 constructive建設性 criticism批評.
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我要鼓勵建設性嘅批判。389 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,000 我要畀妳挑戰權威。
15:33
I'm going to let you challenge挑戰 authority權威.
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我要畀妳挑戰權威.
15:35
Because it's by challenging挑戰 the way things are always done
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因為咁係爲咗挑戰我哋過往嘅做事方式
15:38
is that we are able to break打破 out of the rut車轍 that we're in
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爲咗打破過往嘅陳規陋習
15:40
and create創建 innovative創新 solutions解決方案
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為今日嘅問題
15:42
to problems個問題 of today今日.
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帶來新嘅解決方法.
15:44
We're not always right as leaders領導人.
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作為領袖, 我哋唔係永遠都啱.
15:46
We're going to eradicate根除 fear恐懼.
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我哋要根除恐懼.
15:48
Fear恐懼 is the enemy敵人 of play.
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恐懼喺玩耍嘅敵人.
15:51
And we're going to do things
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我哋準備做嘅事有
15:53
like eliminate消除 restrictions限制.
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消除約束.
15:55
You know what, let them use their佢哋 mobile移動 phone電話
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畀佢哋用手機
15:57
for personal calls調用 -- heaven天堂 forbid禁止.
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來打私人電話——唔好禁止。
16:00
Let them be on the Internet互聯網.
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畀佢哋上網。
16:02
Let them be on instant即時 messengers使者.
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畀佢哋用即時聊天軟件。
16:05
Let them take long lunches午餐.
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畀佢哋食耐啲晏。
16:09
Lunch午餐 is like the recess休會 for work.
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午飯好似工作時嘅休息。
16:11
It's when you go out in the world世界
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畀妳離開工作
16:13
and you recharge充電 your brain大腦, you meet滿足 your friends朋友,
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同大腦充電,見下朋友,
16:15
you have a beer啤酒, you have some food食品, you talk,
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飲盃酒,食啲嘢,傾下計,
16:18
you get some synergy協同 of ideas想法
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你可能會有
16:20
that maybe you wouldn't唔會 have had before.
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一啲以前從來未有過嘅創意。
16:22
Let them do it. Give them some freedom自由,
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畀佢哋咁做,畀啲自由佢哋。
16:25
and in general麻麻, let them play. Let them have fun有趣 at the workplace車間.
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講到白,就係畀佢哋玩。畀佢哋喺工作中享受樂趣。
16:28
We spend so much of our lives生活 at the workplace車間,
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我哋要花大部分嘅光隂喺工作上,
16:31
and it's supposed應該 to be, what, a miserable悲慘 grind,
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所以呢度唔應該成為冇癮嘅地方,
16:33
so that 20 years from now, we wake喚醒 up and say, "Is this it?
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否則20年之后,有一日你起床然后問:“我成世就係咁啦?
16:36
Is that all there was?"
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咁就係我過去做嘅一切?”
16:38
Unacceptable無法接受. NepriemlivNepriemliv.
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我接受唔到!
16:40
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
16:43
So in summary總結,
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所以,
16:45
we need a drastic激烈 change
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我哋需要一個喺我哋嘅思維同行為方式上
16:47
in the way we think and behave行為,
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16:49
but we don't need
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但我哋唔需要
16:51
a workers'工人 ' revolution革命.
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工人起義。
16:54
We don't need a workers'工人 ' revolution革命.
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我哋唔需要工人起義。
16:56
What we need
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我哋要嘅係
16:58
is a players'球員 ' uprising起義.
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玩家嘅覺醒。
17:00
What we need is a players'球員 ' uprising起義.
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我哋要嘅係玩家嘅覺醒。
17:03
What we need is a players'球員 ' uprising起義.
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我哋要嘅係玩家嘅覺醒。
17:05
Seriously嚴重, we need to band together一起.
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認真嘅,我哋要一齊努力。
17:07
Today今日 is the start初時 of the uprising起義.
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今日就係覺醒嘅開始。
17:09
But what you need to do
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而你哋要做嘅就係
17:11
is fan風扇 the flames火焰 of the revolution革命.
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點燃革命之火。
17:13
You need to go and share共享 your ideas想法 and your success成功 stories故事
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你要行動,講出你嘅睇法同
17:16
of what worked工作
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關于玩帶來成功嘅故事
17:18
about reinvigorating重振 our lives生活, our schools學校,
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關于重塑我哋嘅生活,我哋嘅學校,
17:21
and our work with play;
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點樣將玩同工作結合。
17:23
about how play promotes促進
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關于玩點樣促進
17:25
a sense of promise承諾 and self-fulfillment自我滿足;
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目的性同成就感,
17:28
of how play promotes促進 innovation創新 and productivity生產力,
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關于玩點樣促進創新同生産效率;
17:32
and, ultimately最終, how play creates創建 meaning意義.
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最重要嘅,係玩點樣令一切變得有意義。
17:36
Because we can't do it alone一手一腳. We have to do it together一起,
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因為我哋沒辦法孤身奮戰。我哋要一齊努力。
17:39
and together一起, if we do this and share共享 these ideas想法 on play,
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而如果我哋一齊努力傳播關于玩嘅思想,
17:42
we can transform變換 Bulgaria保加利亞 for the better.
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我哋就可以令保加利亞變得更好。
17:46
Thank you.
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多謝。
17:48
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Hao Feng
Reviewed by Chitmin Ng

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steve Keil - Entrepreneur
Based in Bulgaria, Steve Keil creates companies around big social and environmental goals.

Why you should listen

Steve Keil is an entrepreneur whose passion is to create companies in which people are inspired to make their mark with their ideas and imagination. He believes that business leaders are responsible for creating such an environment, by including social and environmental objectives in their personal and business ethics. He has taught at the American College, written for various publications, and currently teaches at the University of Sofia.

He says: "I don't like plastic bottles."

More profile about the speaker
Steve Keil | Speaker | TED.com