Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
سلمان خان: دعونا نُعلم للإتقان -- وليس لتحقيق الدرجات
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the two ideas that,
my observations at Khan Academy,
or the key leverage points for learning.
الرئيسي للتعلم
working with my cousins.
with math at first,
الرياضيات في البداية
accumulated in their learning.
they got to an algebra class
إلى صف الجبر
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
أجزاء المنهج الجبر التمهيدي
they didn't have the math gene.
المهارات الحسابية
التفاضل والتكامل
shaky on the algebra.
ضعيفاً قليلاً في صف الجبر
some of those videos on YouTube,
على اليوتيوب
who were not my cousins were watching.
لم يكونوا أقربائي
were just simple thank-yous.
شكر بسيطة
you all spend on YouTube.
got a little more intense,
that they had grown up not liking math.
عدم تفضيلهم للرياضيات
into more advanced math topics.
في مسائل الرياضيات.
صف الجبر
they couldn't engage with it.
التي لم يتمكنوا من التعامل معها
have the math gene.
and decided to engage.
and master those concepts,
وإتقان تلك المفاهيم
that it wasn't fixed;
قابلة للإصلاح
of learning mathematics.
you would master a lot of things in life.
الكثير من الأشياء في الحياة
learn a martial art.
الدفاع عن النفس
practice the white belt skills
مهارات الحزام الأبيض
a musical instrument:
آلة موسيقية
over and over again,
مراراُ وتكراراً
academic model is structured,
النموذج الأكاديمي التقليدي،
that most of us grew up in.
عليه معظمنا
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
pre-algebra class,
في المدرسة المتوسطة،
a lecture on exponents,
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
محاضرة، وواجبات
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
الثغرات في معرفتنا
the five percent they didn't know?
الطالب المتفوق؟
move on to the next subject,
that's going to build on those gaps.
المزيد من الثغرات
or negative exponents.
and you immediately start to realize
تبدأ في الإدراك
of the more foundational thing,
هي 25%،
to the more advanced thing.
all the way until at some point,
وعلى طول الطريق حتى اصل الى نقطه،
or trigonometry class
درس المثلثات
is fundamentally difficult
and they're dealing with exponents
الأسس
that I didn't know is showing up.
in our life that way.
بهذه الطريقه.
two weeks to build a foundation.
the inspector comes, looks around,
ليتفحص المكان،
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
لنبني الطابق الأول".
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
ياتي المفتش، ويعطي 75%.
مقبول
while you're building the third floor,
you typically have in education,
تعلمتها في الدراسه
we had a bad contractor,
or more frequent inspection.
تفتيش متكرر.
was the process.
how long we had to something,
لعمل شيء ما،
and identifying those gaps,
is to do the exact opposite.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
to work on something,
they actually master the material.
learn their exponents better,
بشكل أفضل
the right mindset muscles.
20 percent wrong on something,
خطأ في شيء ما،
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
الحامض النووي الخاص بك.
keep working on it.
على هذا الشيء.
you should have perseverance;
well, hey, this is all great,
حسنا، رائع،
of mastery-based learning
over their learning.
but it seems impractical.
would be on their own track.
مساره الخاص.
and worksheets for every student.
و أوراق للواجبات.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
ويننتكا،
and saw great results,
نتائج عظيمة،
because it was logistically difficult.
لأنه كان من الصعب لوجستيا.
worksheets to every student,
على الطلب
at their own time and pace?
readily available for students.
all sorts of neat things happen.
رائعة تحدث.
master the concepts,
their growth mindset,
والمثابرة،
can start to happen
on the lecture,
over the material.
Socratic dialogue.
of a thought experiment.
into the past to Western Europe,
قبل 400 سنة في أوربا الغربية،
literate parts of the planet,
على سطح الكرة الأرضية،
of the population knew how to read.
يعرفون القراءة.
who did know how to read,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
القراءة؟"
with a great education system,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
الى حد كبير،
of the population is capable of reading.
القادرين على القراءة.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
القادرين
to cancer research?"
مرض السرطان؟"
with a great education system,
رائع،
in a non-mastery framework,
في إطار عدم -الإتقان،
or observing your peers,
at this set pace through classes,
في الصفوف الدراسية،
you get to an advanced class,
not meant to be a mathematician."
ولا عالم رياضيات."
in a mastery framework,
take agency over your learning,
as a moment of learning --
that could really master calculus
حساب التكامل والتفاضل
the industrial age
this information revolution.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
you needed human labor.
you had an information processing,
you had your owners of capital
automation, is going to take over.
الذي سيتولى المسؤولية.
information processing,
because of this technology,
of the pyramid, in which case,
في هذه الحالة،
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
كصاحب العمل،
is all based on the idea
tap into their potential
over their learning,
as just a citizen of the world,
the type of equity we can we have,
could even progress.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
أن تكون على قيد الحياة.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com