Sal Khan: Let's teach for mastery -- not test scores
Salman Khan: "Öğretmek" için öğretelim, sınav sonuçları için değil
In 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the two ideas that,
gözlemlerime dayanan,
my observations at Khan Academy,
anahtar noktaları olan
or the key leverage points for learning.
working with my cousins.
ilk günlerde fark ettim.
with math at first,
biriken boşluklar olduğu için
accumulated in their learning.
matematikte sorun yaşıyordu.
they got to an algebra class
başlamaları gerekiyordu,
shaky on some of the pre-algebra,
olduklarından dolayı
they didn't have the math gene.
olmadığını düşünüyorlardı.
shaky on the algebra.
some of those videos on YouTube,
who were not my cousins were watching.
izlediğini fark ettim.
were just simple thank-yous.
sadece basit teşekkürlerdi.
you all spend on YouTube.
zaman geçirdiğinizi bilmiyorum.
got a little more intense,
biraz daha yoğunlaştı,
that they had grown up not liking math.
sevmeyerek büyüdüklerini söylüyordu.
into more advanced math topics.
durum daha da zorlaşıyordu.
they couldn't engage with it.
birçok boşluk oluyordu.
olmadığını düşünüyorlardı.
have the math gene.
uğraşmaya karar verdiler.
and decided to engage.
and master those concepts,
bu kavramları öğrenebiliyorlardı
that it wasn't fixed;
of learning mathematics.
yetilerinin olduğunu destekledi.
you would master a lot of things in life.
öğrenme şekliniz böyledir.
learn a martial art.
practice the white belt skills
beyaz kuşak hareketlerini
a musical instrument:
over and over again,
academic model is structured,
akademik model olan
that most of us grew up in.
modelin yapılanma şekli değildir.
usually by age,
together at the same pace.
pre-algebra class,
a lecture on exponents,
we'll review the homework,
lecture, homework.
two or three weeks,
gaps in our knowledge,
the five percent they didn't know?
bilmediği %5 neydi?
move on to the next subject,
that's going to build on those gaps.
inşa edilecek daha ileri bir konuya.
or negative exponents.
konusu olabilir.
and you immediately start to realize
bunun ne kadar garip olduğunu
of the more foundational thing,
to the more advanced thing.
all the way until at some point,
bir noktaya kadar devam eder,
or trigonometry class
is fundamentally difficult
cebirin temel olarak zor olması
and they're dealing with exponents
bir denklemle karşılaşmış olup
that I didn't know is showing up.
önüme gelmiş olmasıdır.
in our life that way.
böyle mi yapıyoruz bir düşünün.
two weeks to build a foundation.
iki haftamız olduğu söylendi.
the inspector comes, looks around,
is still wet right over there,
Let's build the first floor."
Birinci katı inşa edelim." dersiniz.
bilirkişi gelsin 75 versin.
inspector shows up, it's a 75 percent.
while you're building the third floor,
gösterdiğiniz gibiyse
you typically have in education,
we had a bad contractor,
edilmemiz gerekirdi dersiniz.
or more frequent inspection.
was the process.
how long we had to something,
oldukça değişken sonuçlar
and identifying those gaps,
zahmetine de katlanmıştık,
is to do the exact opposite.
tam tersini yapmaktır.
constraining, fixing
that variable outcome,
sunan bir konuya
sürenizi sabitleyerek
to work on something,
ne kadar çalışması gerektiği,
they actually master the material.
tam olarak öğrendikleridir.
learn their exponents better,
the right mindset muscles.
güçlendireceğini fark etmek önemlidir.
20 percent wrong on something,
a C branded in your DNA somehow.
olmadığınızı fark edersiniz.
keep working on it.
devam etmeniz gerekiyordur.
you should have perseverance;
well, hey, this is all great,
of mastery-based learning
özümseme temelli öğrenim
over their learning.
hepsi harika."
but it seems impractical.
mümkün değil gibi gelir.
would be on their own track.
her öğrenci kendi yolunu izlemelidir.
and worksheets for every student.
takip programı olması gerekir.
in Winnetka, Illinois, 100 years ago,
and saw great results,
harika sonuçlar aldıkları
because it was logistically difficult.
deneyler vardır.
worksheets to every student,
vermek zorundaydı.
at their own time and pace?
seviyelerinde anlatım mı arıyor?
Geri bildirim mi?
readily available for students.
kolayca uyarlanabilir alıştırmalar var.
all sorts of neat things happen.
güzel şey meydana geliyor.
master the concepts,
their growth mindset,
can start to happen
on the lecture,
over the material.
Socratic dialogue.
girebiliyorlar.
trajedisini anlamak için
of a thought experiment.
bahsetmek istiyorum.
into the past to Western Europe,
Batı Avrupası'na gidersek,
literate parts of the planet,
daha aydın kısmıydı,
of the population knew how to read.
okuma bildiğini görürsünüz.
who did know how to read,
do you think is even capable of reading?"
biliyordur?" diye sorduğunuzda
with a great education system,
would have been wildly pessimistic,
okuma bildiği için
of the population is capable of reading.
olduğunu biliyoruz.
a similar question:
do you think is capable
to cancer research?"
katkıda bulunabilir?
with a great education system,
"Güzel bir eğitim sistemiyle
in a non-mastery framework,
or observing your peers,
bu boşlukları biriktiren
at this set pace through classes,
you get to an advanced class,
bir üst sınıfa geçersiniz
not meant to be a mathematician."
yatkın değilim" dersiniz.
in a mastery framework,
çalışmanız mümkün olsa,
take agency over your learning,
görev üstlenmeniz mümkün olsa
as a moment of learning --
bunu öğrenme ânı olarak görseniz
that could really master calculus
"olması güzel olan bir şey" değildir.
the industrial age
this information revolution.
things are happening.
society was a pyramid.
toplum bir piramit gibiydi.
you needed human labor.
gerek duyardınız.
you had an information processing,
you had your owners of capital
automation, is going to take over.
information processing,
because of this technology,
teknoloji sayesinde oluyor,
of the pyramid, in which case,
ki bu durumda
bir şey yapıyor muyuz?
that's more aspirational?
to invert the pyramid,
can participate as an entrepreneur,
bir yerde, piramidi altüst etme
is all based on the idea
başarılı oldukları alanda
tap into their potential
over their learning,
fırsatı verme fikrine
as just a citizen of the world,
sakini olarak düşünürseniz
the type of equity we can we have,
could even progress.
seviyeyi düşünün.
a pretty exciting time to be alive.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sal Khan - Educator and social entrepreneurIn 2004, Sal Khan, a hedge fund analyst, began making math tutorials for his cousins. Twelve years later, Khan Academy has more than 42 million registered users from 190 countries, with tutorials on subjects from basic math through economics, art history, computer science, health, medicine and more.
Why you should listen
Salman "Sal" Khan is the founder and chief executive officer of Khan Academy, a not-for-profit with a mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.
Khan Academy started as a passion project in 2004. Khan's cousin was struggling with math, so he tutored her remotely and posted educational videos on YouTube. So many people watched the videos that eventually Khan quit his job at a hedge fund and pursued Khan Academy full time. Today Khan Academy has more than 100 employees in Mountain View, California. Khan Academy believes learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. Its resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, grammar, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance and history. Additionally, Khan Academy offers free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. More than 42 million registered users access Khan Academy in dozens of languages across 190 countries.
Khan has been profiled by "60 Minutes," featured on the cover of Forbes, and recognized as one of TIME’s "100 Most Influential People in the World." In his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined, Sal outlines his vision for the future of education.
Khan holds three degrees from MIT and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Sal Khan | Speaker | TED.com