ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?

Why you should listen

The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.

As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."

Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?

 

 

Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.

See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus

More profile about the speaker
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBrussels

Mikko Hypponen: Three types of online attack

Mikko Hypponen: Tri tipa mrežnog napada

Filmed:
1,057,532 views

Stručnjak za kriminal na Internetu Mikko Hypponen pojašnjava nam tri tipa mrežnog napada na našu privatnost i podatke - a samo dva se smatraju kriminalom. "Vjerujemo li slijepo svakoj budućoj vladi? Jer svako pravo kojega se odreknemo, odrekli smo se zauvijek."
- Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance? Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:20
In the 1980s
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Tijekom 1980-tih
00:23
in the communistkomunističke EasternIstočne GermanyNjemačka,
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u komunističkoj Istočnoj Njemačkoj,
00:26
if you ownedvlasništvu a typewriterpisaća mašina,
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ako ste posjedovali pisaći stroj,
00:30
you had to registerRegistrirajte se it with the governmentvlada.
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vlada je tražila da ga registrirate.
00:32
You had to registerRegistrirajte se
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Morali ste evidentirati
00:34
a sampleuzorak sheetlist of texttekst
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običnu stranicu teksta
00:36
out of the typewriterpisaća mašina.
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koja je izišla iz pisaćeg stroja.
00:38
And this was doneučinio
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To se činilo kako bi vlada
00:40
so the governmentvlada could trackstaza where texttekst was comingdolazak from.
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mogla pratiti odakle tekstovi potječu.
00:43
If they foundpronađeno a paperpapir
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Ako bi otkrili dokument
00:46
whichkoji had the wrongpogrešno kindljubazan of thought,
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koji je sadržavao pogrešne misli,
00:49
they could trackstaza down
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mogli su ući u trag
00:51
who createdstvorio that thought.
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onome tko je stvorio tu misao.
00:53
And we in the WestZapad
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Mi na Zapadu
00:56
couldn'tne mogu understandrazumjeti how anybodyiko could do this,
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nismo mogli razumjeti kako je netko to mogao,
00:59
how much this would restrictograničiti freedomsloboda of speechgovor.
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koliko je to ograničavalo slobodu govora.
01:02
We would never do that
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Mi nikada ne bismo učinili takvo što
01:04
in our ownvlastiti countrieszemlje.
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u našim vlastitim zemljama.
01:07
But todaydanas in 2011,
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Ali danas, 2011.,
01:10
if you go and buykupiti a colorboja laserlaser printerprinter
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ako idete kupiti laserski pisač u boji
01:14
from any majorglavni laserlaser printerprinter manufacturerproizvođač
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bilo kojeg vodećeg proizvođača
01:17
and printotisak a pagestranica,
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i ispišete stranicu,
01:19
that pagestranica will endkraj up
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taj će ispis imati
01:21
havingima slightblagi yellowžuta boja dotstočkice
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diskretne žute točkice
01:24
printedtiskan on everysvaki singlesingl pagestranica
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ispisane na baš svakoj stranici,
01:26
in a patternuzorak whichkoji makesmarke the pagestranica uniquejedinstvena
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s obrascem koji tu stranicu čini jedinstvenom
01:29
to you and to your printerprinter.
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u odnosu na Vas i Vaš pisač.
01:33
This is happeningdogađa
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To se događa
01:35
to us todaydanas.
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nama danas.
01:38
And nobodynitko seemsčini se to be makingizrađivanje a fusspuno buke about it.
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I čini se da nitko ne pravi problem oko toga.
01:42
And this is an exampleprimjer
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To je primjer
01:45
of the waysnačine
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načina
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that our ownvlastiti governmentsvlade
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na koje naše vlade
01:50
are usingkoristeći technologytehnologija
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rabe tehnologiju
01:52
againstprotiv us, the citizensgrađani.
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protiv nas, građana.
01:56
And this is one of the mainglavni threetri sourcesizvori
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I to je jedan od tri glavna izvora
01:59
of onlinena liniji problemsproblemi todaydanas.
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problema na mreži danas.
02:01
If we take a look at what's really happeningdogađa in the onlinena liniji worldsvijet,
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Ako pogledamo što se doista događa na Internetu,
02:04
we can groupskupina the attacksnapadi basedzasnovan on the attackersNapadači.
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možemo klasificirati napade prema napadačima.
02:07
We have threetri mainglavni groupsgrupe.
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Imamo tri glavne skupine.
02:09
We have onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci.
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Imamo mrežne kriminalce.
02:11
Like here, we have MrG.. DimitryDimitri GolubovGolubov
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Ovdje imamo g. Dimitrija Golubova
02:13
from the cityGrad of KievKijev in UkraineUkrajina.
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iz Kijeva u Ukrajini.
02:15
And the motivesmotivi of onlinena liniji criminalskriminalci
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Motive mrežnih kriminalaca
02:18
are very easylako to understandrazumjeti.
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lako je razumjeti.
02:20
These guys make moneynovac.
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Ti tipovi zarađuju novac.
02:22
They use onlinena liniji attacksnapadi
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Koriste mrežne napade
02:24
to make lots of moneynovac,
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da zarade puno novca,
02:26
and lots and lots of it.
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puno, puno novca.
02:28
We actuallyzapravo have severalnekoliko casesslučajevi
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Imamo i nekoliko slučajeva
02:30
of millionairesmilijunaši onlinena liniji, multimillionairesmultimillionaires,
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mrežnih milijunaša, multimilijunaša,
02:33
who madenapravljen moneynovac with theirnjihov attacksnapadi.
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koji su zaradili svojim napadima.
02:35
Here'sOvdje je VladimirVladimir TsastsinTsastsin formoblik TartuTartu in EstoniaEstonija.
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Ovo je Vladimir Čačin iz Tartua u Estoniji.
02:38
This is AlfredAlfred GonzalezGonzalez.
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Ovo je Alfred Gonzalez.
02:40
This is StephenStjepan WattWatt.
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Ovo je Stephen Watt.
02:42
This is BjornBjorn SundinSundin.
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Ovo je Bjorn Sundin.
02:44
This is MatthewMatej AndersonAnderson, TariqTarik Al-DaourAl-Daour
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Ovo je Matthew Anderson, Tariq Al-Daour
02:47
and so on and so on.
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i tako dalje, i tako dalje.
02:49
These guys
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Ti tipovi
02:51
make theirnjihov fortunessreća onlinena liniji,
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zarađuju bogatstvo na mreži,
02:53
but they make it throughkroz the illegalnezakonit meanssredstva
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ali ga zarađuju na nezakonit način
02:56
of usingkoristeći things like bankingbankarstvo trojansizdržljiv čovjek
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koristeći bankovne trojance
02:58
to stealukrasti moneynovac from our bankbanka accountsračuni
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kako bi krali novac s naših bankovnih računa
03:00
while we do onlinena liniji bankingbankarstvo,
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dok mi obavljamo internetsko bankarstvo,
03:02
or with keyloggerskeyloggers
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ili pomoću programa za bilježenje pritisnutih tipki
03:04
to collectprikupiti our creditKreditna cardkartica informationinformacija
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kojima prikupljaju podatke o našim kreditnim karticama
03:07
while we are doing onlinena liniji shoppingkupovina from an infectedzaražen computerračunalo.
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dok obavljamo internetsku kupnju sa zaraženog računala.
03:10
The U.S. SecretTajna ServiceUsluga,
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Tajna služba SAD-a
03:12
two monthsmjeseci agoprije,
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blokirala je prije dva mjeseca
03:14
frozesmrznuti se the SwissŠvicarski bankbanka accountračun
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bankovni račun u Švicarskoj
03:16
of MrG.. SamSam JainJurić right here,
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ovog gospodina, Sama Jaina,
03:18
and that bankbanka accountračun had 14.9 millionmilijuna U.S. dollarsdolara on it
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a na tom je računu bilo 14,9 milijuna dolara,
03:21
when it was frozenzamrznut.
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u trenutku blokade.
03:23
MrG.. JainJurić himselfsam is on the looselabav;
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G. Jain je u bijegu;
03:25
nobodynitko knowszna where he is.
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nitko ne zna gdje je.
03:28
And I claimzahtjev it's alreadyveć todaydanas
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Tvrdim da je danas već vjerojatnije
03:31
that it's more likelyVjerojatno for any of us
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da će bilo tko od nas
03:34
to becomepostati the victimžrtva of a crimekriminal onlinena liniji
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postati žrtvom mrežnog kriminala
03:37
than here in the realstvaran worldsvijet.
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nego žrtvom kriminala u stvarnom svijetu.
03:40
And it's very obviousočigledan
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I sasvim je očito
03:42
that this is only going to get worsegore.
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da će se stvari samo pogoršati.
03:44
In the futurebudućnost, the majorityvećina of crimekriminal
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U budućnosti, većina zločina
03:46
will be happeningdogađa onlinena liniji.
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odvijat će se na Internetu.
03:50
The seconddrugi majorglavni groupskupina of attackersNapadači
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Drugu glavnu skupinu napadača
03:52
that we are watchinggledanje todaydanas
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koju danas promatramo
03:54
are not motivatedmotivirani by moneynovac.
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ne motivira novac.
03:56
They're motivatedmotivirani by something elsedrugo --
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Motivira ih nešto drugo --
03:58
motivatedmotivirani by protestsprosvjedi,
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motiviraju ih prosvjedi,
04:00
motivatedmotivirani by an opinionmišljenje,
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mišljenja,
04:02
motivatedmotivirani by the laughssmijeh.
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motivira ih humor.
04:05
GroupsGrupe like AnonymousAnonimno
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Skupine poput Anonymous
04:07
have risenuskrsnuo up over the last 12 monthsmjeseci
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ojačale su tijekom posljednjih 12 mjeseci
04:10
and have becomepostati a majorglavni playerigrač
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i postale glavni igrač
04:12
in the fieldpolje of onlinena liniji attacksnapadi.
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na području mrežnih napada.
04:15
So those are the threetri mainglavni attackersNapadači:
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To su, dakle, tri glavna napadača:
04:17
criminalskriminalci who do it for the moneynovac,
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kriminalci koji to čine radi novca,
04:19
hacktivistshacktivists like AnonymousAnonimno
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hakerski aktivisti kao Anonymous
04:22
doing it for the protestprosvjed,
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koji to čine iz bunta,
04:24
but then the last groupskupina are nationnarod statesDržave,
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ali posljednja skupina su nacionalne države,
04:27
governmentsvlade doing the attacksnapadi.
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vlade koje provode napade.
04:31
And then we look at casesslučajevi
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I tada promatramo slučajeve
04:33
like what happeneddogodilo in DigiNotarDigiNotar.
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poput slučaja DigiNotar.
04:35
This is a primeglavni exampleprimjer of what happensdogađa se
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Ovo je najbolji primjer onoga što se događa
04:37
when governmentsvlade attacknapad
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kad vlade napadaju
04:39
againstprotiv theirnjihov ownvlastiti citizensgrađani.
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svoje vlastite građane.
04:41
DigiNotarDigiNotar is a CertificateCertifikat AuthorityAutoritet
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DigiNotar je tvrtka koja izdaje certifikate,
04:44
from The NetherlandsNizozemska --
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iz Nizozemske --
04:46
or actuallyzapravo, it was.
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zapravo, bila je.
04:48
It was runningtrčanje into bankruptcystečaj
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Otišla je u stečaj
04:50
last fallpad
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prošle jeseni
04:53
because they were hackedsjeckan into.
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jer je bila žrtvom hakiranja.
04:55
SomebodyNetko brokerazbio in
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Netko je provalio
04:57
and they hackedsjeckan it thoroughlytemeljito.
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i temeljito ih hakirao.
05:00
And I askedpitao last weektjedan
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Upitao sam prošli tjedan,
05:02
in a meetingsastanak with Dutchnizozemski governmentvlada representativespredstavnici,
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na sastanku s predstavnicima nizozemske vlade,
05:06
I askedpitao one of the leadersčelnici of the teamtim
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pitao sam jednog od vođa tima
05:11
whetherda li he foundpronađeno plausibleuvjerljiv
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misli li on da je vjerojatno
05:14
that people diedumro
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da je netko poginuo
05:17
because of the DigiNotarDigiNotar hackpijuk.
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kao posljedica hakiranja DigiNotara.
05:20
And his answerodgovor was yes.
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Odgovorio mi je pozitivno.
05:25
So how do people dieumrijeti
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Pa kako to ljudi pogibaju
05:27
as the resultproizlaziti of a hackpijuk like this?
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kao posljedica ovakvog hakiranja?
05:30
Well DigiNotarDigiNotar is a C.A.
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DigiNotar je ovlašteni certifikator.
05:32
They sellprodavati certificatesCertifikati.
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Prodaju certifikate.
05:34
What do you do with certificatesCertifikati?
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Što činimo s certifikatima?
05:36
Well you need a certificatepotvrda
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Trebate certifikat
05:38
if you have a websiteweb stranica that has httpshttps,
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ako imate Internetske stranice koje koriste https,
05:40
SSLSSL encryptedšifriranje servicesusluge,
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SSL enkripcijski servis,
05:43
servicesusluge like GmailGmail.
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servise poput Gmail-a.
05:46
Now we all, or a bigvelika partdio of us,
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Svi mi, ili velik broj nas,
05:48
use GmailGmail or one of theirnjihov competitorsnatjecatelji,
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koristimo Gmail ili nekog od konkurenata,
05:50
but these servicesusluge are especiallyposebno popularpopularan
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ali su te usluge naročito popularne
05:52
in totalitariantotalitaran statesDržave
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u totalitarnim državama
05:54
like IranIran,
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poput Irana,
05:56
where dissidentsdisidenti
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gdje disidenti
05:58
use foreignstrana servicesusluge like GmailGmail
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koriste strane usluge poput Gmail-a
06:01
because they know they are more trustworthypouzdan than the locallokalne servicesusluge
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jer znaju da im više mogu vjerovati nego lokalnim uslugama,
06:04
and they are encryptedšifriranje over SSLSSL connectionsveze,
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a i šifrirani su pri SSL povezivanju,
06:07
so the locallokalne governmentvlada can't snoopnjuškalo
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pa lokalne vlade ne mogu njuškati
06:09
on theirnjihov discussionsrasprave.
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po njihovim diskusijama.
06:11
ExceptOsim they can if they hackpijuk into a foreignstrana C.A.
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Odnosno mogu, ako hakiraju stranog certifikatora
06:14
and issueizdanje rogueskitnica certificatesCertifikati.
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i izdaju lažne certifikate.
06:16
And this is exactlytočno what happeneddogodilo
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I upravo se to dogodilo
06:18
with the casespis of DigiNotarDigiNotar.
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u slučaju DigiNotar-a.
06:24
What about ArabArapski SpringProljeće
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A što je s arapskim proljećem
06:26
and things that have been happeningdogađa, for exampleprimjer, in EgyptEgipat?
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i onime što se događalo, na primjer, u Egiptu?
06:29
Well in EgyptEgipat,
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U Egiptu su
06:31
the riotersnereda lootedopljačkali the headquarterszapovjedništvo
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pobunjenici opljačkali stožer
06:33
of the EgyptianEgipatski secrettajna policepolicija
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egipatske tajne policije
06:35
in AprilTravanj 2011,
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u travnju 2011.,
06:37
and when they were lootingpljačkanje the buildingzgrada they foundpronađeno lots of papersnovine.
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i pri pljački su pronašli gomilu dokumenata.
06:40
AmongMeđu those papersnovine,
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Među tim dokumentima je bio
06:42
was this bindervezač entitledpravo "FINFISHERFINFISHER."
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i fascikl "FINFISHER."
06:44
And withinunutar that bindervezač were notesbilješke
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U tom su fasciklu bile bilješke
06:47
from a companydruštvo basedzasnovan in GermanyNjemačka
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kompanije sa sjedištem u Njemačkoj
06:49
whichkoji had soldprodan the EgyptianEgipatski governmentvlada
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koja je egipatskoj vladi prodala
06:52
a setset of toolsalat
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kolekciju alata
06:54
for interceptingpresretanje --
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za presretanje komunikacija --
06:56
and in very largeveliki scaleljestvica --
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na masovnoj osnovi --
06:58
all the communicationkomunikacija of the citizensgrađani of the countryzemlja.
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građana te zemlje.
07:00
They had soldprodan this toolalat
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Prodali su te alate
07:02
for 280,000 EurosEura to the EgyptianEgipatski governmentvlada.
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egipatskoj vladi za 280.000 eura.
07:05
The companydruštvo headquarterszapovjedništvo are right here.
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Upravna zgrada te kompanije je baš ovdje.
07:08
So WesternZapadni governmentsvlade
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Znači, zapadne vlade
07:10
are providingpružanje totalitariantotalitaran governmentsvlade with toolsalat
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totalitarnim vladama daju alate
07:13
to do this againstprotiv theirnjihov ownvlastiti citizensgrađani.
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koje koriste protiv vlastitih građana.
07:16
But WesternZapadni governmentsvlade are doing it to themselvesse as well.
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Ali zapadne vlade isto čine i sebi.
07:19
For exampleprimjer, in GermanyNjemačka,
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Na primjer, u Njemačkoj,
07:21
just a couplepar of weeksTjedni agoprije
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prije samo nekoliko tjedana
07:23
the so-calledtakozvani StateDržava TrojanIzdržljiv čovjek was foundpronađeno,
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otkriven je takozvani Scuinst Trojan,
07:26
whichkoji was a trojantrojanski
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trojanac
07:28
used by Germannjemački governmentvlada officialsDužnosnici
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koji dužnosnici njemačke vlade
07:30
to investigateistraga theirnjihov ownvlastiti citizensgrađani.
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koriste za istraživanje vlastitih građana.
07:32
If you are a suspectsumnjiv in a criminalkriminalac casespis,
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Ako ste osumnjičeni u kaznenom postupku,
07:36
well it's prettyprilično obviousočigledan, your phonetelefon will be tappedodvodom.
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očigledno je da će vam prisluškivati telefon.
07:38
But todaydanas, it goeside beyondIznad that.
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Ali danas idu i dalje od toga.
07:40
They will tapslavina your InternetInternet connectionveza.
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Prisluškivat će vašu Internet vezu.
07:42
They will even use toolsalat like StateDržava TrojanIzdržljiv čovjek
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Koristit će alate poput Scuinst Trojana
07:45
to infectzaraziti your computerračunalo with a trojantrojanski,
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kako bi zarazili vaše računalo trojancem,
07:48
whichkoji enablesomogućuje them
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što im omogućuje
07:50
to watch all your communicationkomunikacija,
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praćenje svih vaših komunikacija,
07:52
to listen to your onlinena liniji discussionsrasprave,
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slušanje vaših mrežnih diskusija,
07:55
to collectprikupiti your passwordslozinke.
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prikupljanje vaših lozinki.
08:01
Now when we think deeperdublje
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Kada dublje razmislimo
08:03
about things like these,
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o ovakvim stvarima,
08:06
the obviousočigledan responseodgovor from people should be
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očit odgovor ljudi bi mogao biti da,
08:11
that, "Okay, that soundszvukovi badloše,
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"Dobro, to je loše,
08:14
but that doesn't really affectutjecati me because I'm a legalpravni citizengrađanin.
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ali to me se ne tiče jer ne kršim zakon.
08:17
Why should I worrybrinuti?
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Zašto da to mene brine?
08:19
Because I have nothing to hidesakriti."
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Ništa ne skrivam."
08:22
And this is an argumentargument,
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A to je argument,
08:24
whichkoji doesn't make senseosjećaj.
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koji nema smisla.
08:26
PrivacyPrivatnost is impliedkoji se podrazumijeva.
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Privatnost se podrazumijeva.
08:29
PrivacyPrivatnost is not up for discussionrasprava.
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Privatnost nije predmet diskusije.
08:34
This is not a questionpitanje
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Nije riječ o dilemi
08:36
betweenizmeđu privacyprivatnost
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između privatnosti
08:40
againstprotiv securitysigurnosti.
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i sigurnosti.
08:43
It's a questionpitanje of freedomsloboda
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Riječ je o pitanju slobode
08:46
againstprotiv controlkontrolirati.
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i pitanju kontrole.
08:49
And while we mightmoć trustpovjerenje our governmentsvlade
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I dok možda vjerujemo našim vladama
08:53
right now, right here in 2011,
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sada, baš ovdje, 2011.,
08:56
any right we give away will be givendan away for good.
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svako pravo kojega se odreknemo, izgubit ćemo zauvijek.
08:59
And do we trustpovjerenje, do we blindlyslijepo trustpovjerenje,
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I zar vjerujemo, zar slijepo vjerujemo,
09:02
any futurebudućnost governmentvlada,
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svakoj budućoj vladi,
09:04
a governmentvlada we mightmoć have
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nekoj vladi koja će vladati
09:06
50 yearsgodina from now?
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i za 50 godina?
09:10
And these are the questionspitanja
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To su pitanja
09:13
that we have to worrybrinuti about for the nextSljedeći 50 yearsgodina.
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o kojima moramo brinuti u sljedećih 50 godina.

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikko Hypponen - Cybersecurity expert
As computer access expands, Mikko Hypponen asks: What's the next killer virus, and will the world be able to cope with it? And also: How can we protect digital privacy in the age of government surveillance?

Why you should listen

The chief research officer at F-Secure Corporation in Finland, Mikko Hypponen has led his team through some of the largest computer virus outbreaks in history. His team took down the world-wide network used by the Sobig.F worm. He was the first to warn the world about the Sasser outbreak, and he has done classified briefings on the operation of the Stuxnet worm -- a hugely complex worm designed to sabotage Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities.

As a few hundred million more Internet users join the web from India and China and elsewhere, and as governments and corporations become more sophisticated at using viruses as weapons, Hypponen asks, what's next? Who will be at the front defending the world’s networks from malicious software? He says: "It's more than unsettling to realize there are large companies out there developing backdoors, exploits and trojans."

Even more unsettling: revelations this year that the United States' NSA is conducting widespread digital surveillance of both US citizens and anyone whose data passes through a US entity, and that it has actively sabotaged encryption algorithms. Hypponen has become one of the most outspoken critics of the agency's programs and asks us all: Why are we so willing to hand over digital privacy?

 

 

Read his open-season Q&A on Reddit:"My TED Talk was just posted. Ask me anything.

See the full documentary on the search for the Brain virus

More profile about the speaker
Mikko Hypponen | Speaker | TED.com