TEDYouth 2014
Kenneth Shinozuka: My simple invention, designed to keep my grandfather safe
肯尼斯．筱冢: 保護爺爺安全的小發明
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60%的失智症患者會迷路走失，而這會給患者本身和看護人帶來巨大壓力。在這一場吸引人的演講中，少年發明家肯尼斯．筱冢向我們介紹了他的小創意，來幫助他夜遊的爺爺以及照顧爺爺的姑姑......他希望這一發明也能夠幫助其他失智症患者。
Kenneth Shinozuka - Smart product inventor
Kenneth Shinozuka designs smart products ... He's been doing so since he was in kindergarten. Full bio
Kenneth Shinozuka designs smart products ... He's been doing so since he was in kindergarten. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What's the fastest growing threat
to Americans' health?
to Americans' health?
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在威脅美國人健康的疾病中，
增速最快的是哪種？
增速最快的是哪種？
00:16
Cancer? Heart attacks? Diabetes?
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癌癥？心臟病？糖尿病？
00:19
The answer is actually none of these;
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其實都不是。
00:21
it's Alzheimer's disease.
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答案是失智症（阿爾茨海默病）。
00:23
Every 67 seconds,
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每隔 67 秒，
00:25
someone in the United States
is diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
is diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
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美國就有一人被診斷出患有失智症。
00:28
As the number of Alzheimer's patients
triples by the year 2050,
triples by the year 2050,
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而到 2050 年，
失智症患者的數量會翻三倍，
失智症患者的數量會翻三倍，
00:32
caring for them, as well as
the rest of the aging population,
the rest of the aging population,
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照顧這些患者，以及其他老齡人口
00:35
will become an overwhelming
societal challenge.
societal challenge.
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將會成為巨大的社會挑戰。
00:38
My family has experienced firsthand
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我的家庭就有切身體驗，
00:40
the struggles of caring
for an Alzheimer's patient.
for an Alzheimer's patient.
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知道照顧失智症患者的辛苦。
00:42
Growing up in a family
with three generations,
with three generations,
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我成長於三代同堂的家庭，
00:45
I've always been very close
to my grandfather.
to my grandfather.
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從小就跟爺爺非常親近。
00:47
When I was four years old,
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當我四歲時，
00:48
my grandfather and I
were walking in a park in Japan
were walking in a park in Japan
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我跟爺爺在公園裡散步，
00:51
when he suddenly got lost.
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突然間他走失了。
00:52
It was one of the scariest moments
I've ever experienced in my life,
I've ever experienced in my life,
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這是迄今為止最讓我害怕的回憶之一，
00:55
and it was also the first
instance that informed us
instance that informed us
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也是第一次使我們意識到，
00:58
that my grandfather
had Alzheimer's disease.
had Alzheimer's disease.
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爺爺得了失智症。
01:00
Over the past 12 years,
his condition got worse and worse,
his condition got worse and worse,
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過去 12 年來，他的病情逐漸加重，
01:04
and his wandering in particular
caused my family a lot of stress.
caused my family a lot of stress.
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尤其是他出去遊盪的時候，
全家都會很緊張。
全家都會很緊張。
01:07
My aunt, his primary caregiver,
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姑媽是爺爺的主要看護人，
01:09
really struggled to stay awake at night
to keep an eye on him,
to keep an eye on him,
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她夜裡硬撐著不敢睡覺，
為了看住爺爺，
為了看住爺爺，
01:12
and even then often failed
to catch him leaving the bed.
to catch him leaving the bed.
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即使這樣，也經常沒能阻止
爺爺下床。
爺爺下床。
01:15
I became really concerned
about my aunt's well-being
about my aunt's well-being
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我開始非常擔心姑媽的健康
01:17
as well as my grandfather's safety.
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和我爺爺的安全。
01:19
I searched extensively for a solution
that could help my family's problems,
that could help my family's problems,
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我廣泛搜尋，想要找到一個方法
可以幫助我的家人。
可以幫助我的家人。
01:23
but couldn't find one.
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卻都以失敗告終。
01:24
Then, one night about two years ago,
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後來，兩年前的一個晚上，
01:27
I was looking after my grandfather
and I saw him stepping out of the bed.
and I saw him stepping out of the bed.
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我在照顧爺爺的時候，
看到他正想要下床，
看到他正想要下床，
01:31
The moment his foot landed on the floor,
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他的腳碰到地面的瞬間，
01:33
I thought, why don't I put
a pressure sensor on the heel of his foot?
a pressure sensor on the heel of his foot?
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我想到，為何不在他的後腳跟
放個壓力傳感器呢？
放個壓力傳感器呢？
01:36
Once he stepped onto the floor
and out of the bed,
and out of the bed,
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當他下床著地的時候，
01:38
the pressure sensor would detect an
increase in pressure caused by body weight
increase in pressure caused by body weight
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傳感器就能檢測到由於爺爺體重
而造成的壓力上漲，
而造成的壓力上漲，
01:42
and then wirelessly send an audible alert
to the caregiver's smartphone.
to the caregiver's smartphone.
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並能將警報信號通過無線網路
傳輸到看護人的智能手機。
傳輸到看護人的智能手機。
01:45
That way, my aunt could sleep
much better at night
much better at night
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這樣一來，我姑媽晚上
就可以睡得更好一些。
就可以睡得更好一些。
01:48
without having to worry
about my grandfather's wandering.
about my grandfather's wandering.
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不用一直擔心爺爺會到處走動。
01:51
So now I'd like to perform
a demonstration of this sock.
a demonstration of this sock.
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現在我來展示一下
我發明的壓力感應襪子。
我發明的壓力感應襪子。
01:57
Could I please have
my sock model on the stage?
my sock model on the stage?
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能邀請我的襪子模特到臺上來嗎？
02:00
Great.
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很好。
02:04
So once the patient
steps onto the floor --
steps onto the floor --
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一旦病人的腳著地 ﹣﹣
02:07
(Ringing) --
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（警報聲）﹣﹣
02:09
an alert is sent
to the caregiver's smartphone.
to the caregiver's smartphone.
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警報就會被發送到看護人的智能手機上。
02:16
Thank you. (Applause)
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謝謝。（掌聲）
02:18
Thank you, sock model.
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謝謝這位模特。
02:24
So this is a drawing
of my preliminary design.
of my preliminary design.
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這就是我初步設計的草圖。
02:27
My desire to create
a sensor-based technology
a sensor-based technology
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我之所以想要創造一個
基於傳感器的技術，
基於傳感器的技術，
02:30
perhaps stemmed from my lifelong love
for sensors and technology.
for sensors and technology.
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原因可能來自我對傳感器
和相關科技長期以來的熱愛。
和相關科技長期以來的熱愛。
02:33
When I was six years old,
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當我六歲時，
02:35
an elderly family friend
fell down in the bathroom
fell down in the bathroom
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家裡有一位長者在浴室跌倒了，
02:37
and suffered severe injuries.
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並因此傷得很重。
02:39
I became concerned
about my own grandparents
about my own grandparents
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我開始擔心祖父母的安全，
02:41
and decided to invent
a smart bathroom system.
a smart bathroom system.
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並且決心要發明一套智能浴室系統。
02:43
Motion sensors would be installed
inside the tiles of bathroom floors
inside the tiles of bathroom floors
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運動傳感器將會被嵌入在
浴室的地磚裡面，
浴室的地磚裡面，
02:47
to detect the falls of elderly patients
whenever they fell down in the bathroom.
whenever they fell down in the bathroom.
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當老人摔倒在地板上的時候
就能夠檢測到壓力。
就能夠檢測到壓力。
02:51
Since I was only six years old at the time
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當時我才只有6歲，
02:53
and I hadn't graduated
from kindergarten yet,
from kindergarten yet,
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幼稚園尚未畢業，
02:55
I didn't have the necessary resources and
tools to translate my idea into reality,
tools to translate my idea into reality,
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沒法獲取所需的資源和工具
來實現我的想法，
來實現我的想法，
03:00
but nonetheless, my research experience
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儘管如此，我的研究經歷
03:02
really implanted in me a firm desire
to use sensors to help the elderly people.
to use sensors to help the elderly people.
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讓我樹立起堅定的信念，
利用傳感器去幫助老人。
利用傳感器去幫助老人。
03:06
I really believe that sensors can improve
the quality of life of the elderly.
the quality of life of the elderly.
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我堅信傳感器可以提高
老年人的生活質量。
老年人的生活質量。
03:12
When I laid out my plan, I realized
that I faced three main challenges:
that I faced three main challenges:
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當我開始細化我的計劃時，
我意識到我面臨著三大挑戰：
我意識到我面臨著三大挑戰：
03:16
first, creating a sensor;
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第一，創造傳感器；
03:18
second, designing a circuit;
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第二，設計電路；
03:19
and third, coding a smartphone app.
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第三，寫出手機軟件。
03:21
This made me realize that my project
was actually much harder to realize
was actually much harder to realize
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這讓我意識到，實現我的計劃
比我一開始想象的要難得多。
比我一開始想象的要難得多。
03:24
than I initially had thought it to be.
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03:26
First, I had to create a wearable sensor
that was thin and flexible enough
that was thin and flexible enough
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首先，我需要發明一個可穿戴、
足夠輕薄靈活的傳感器，
足夠輕薄靈活的傳感器，
03:30
to be worn comfortably
on the bottom of the patient's foot.
on the bottom of the patient's foot.
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能讓病人舒適地穿在腳上。
03:33
After extensive research and testing
of different materials like rubber,
of different materials like rubber,
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在廣泛地研究和嘗試了許多種材料之後，
比如橡膠，
比如橡膠，
03:36
which I realized was too thick to be worn
snugly on the bottom of the foot,
snugly on the bottom of the foot,
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我意識到它們都太厚了，
穿在腳上不夠服帖。
穿在腳上不夠服帖。
03:40
I decided to print a film sensor
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我決定打印一個薄膜式傳感器，
03:41
with electrically conductive
pressure-sensitive ink particles.
pressure-sensitive ink particles.
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使用能感知壓力的電子墨水來構造。
03:44
Once pressure is applied, the connectivity
between the particles increases.
between the particles increases.
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一旦產生壓力，墨水粒子之間的
連通性就增加了。
連通性就增加了。
03:48
Therefore, I could design a circuit
that would measure pressure
that would measure pressure
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因此，我就可以通過測量電阻的方法，
03:51
by measuring electrical resistance.
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設計測試壓力的電路。
03:53
Next, I had to design
a wearable wireless circuit,
a wearable wireless circuit,
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接下來，我需要設計
可穿戴的無線電路。
可穿戴的無線電路。
03:56
but wireless signal transmission
consumes lots of power
consumes lots of power
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但是無線信號傳輸非常耗電，
03:59
and requires heavy, bulky batteries.
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並且需要笨重的電池。
04:01
Thankfully, I was able to find out
about the Bluetooth low energy technology,
about the Bluetooth low energy technology,
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所幸我找到了低功耗的藍牙技術，
04:04
which consumes very little power
and can be driven by a coin-sized battery.
and can be driven by a coin-sized battery.
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耗电很少，紐扣電池就能夠發動起來。
04:08
This prevented the system
from dying in the middle of the night.
from dying in the middle of the night.
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這就避免了系統工作到半夜
就沒電的狀況。
就沒電的狀況。
04:11
Lastly, I had to code a smartphone app
that would essentially transform
that would essentially transform
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最後，我需要自己寫
一款智能手機軟件，
一款智能手機軟件，
04:15
the care-giver's smartphone
into a remote monitor.
into a remote monitor.
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它將看護人的智能手機
變成遠程監控器。
變成遠程監控器。
04:17
For this, I had to expand upon
my knowledge of coding with Java and XCode
my knowledge of coding with Java and XCode
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為此，在 Java 和 XCode 知識的基礎上
我繼續鑽研編程，
我繼續鑽研編程，
04:21
and I also had to learn about how to code
for Bluetooth low energy devices
for Bluetooth low energy devices
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並自學了如何用代碼
去操縱藍牙低功耗設備，
去操縱藍牙低功耗設備，
04:24
by watching YouTube tutorials
and reading various textbooks.
and reading various textbooks.
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為此我看了很多的 YouTube 指導視頻
以及翻了很多書。
以及翻了很多書。
04:29
Integrating these components, I was able
to successfully create two prototypes,
to successfully create two prototypes,
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把這些組件拼接起來後，
我成功做出來了兩個原型，
我成功做出來了兩個原型，
04:33
one in which the sensor
is embedded inside a sock,
is embedded inside a sock,
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其中一個原型，傳感器被嵌入襪子裡，
04:35
and another that's
a re-attachable sensor assembly
a re-attachable sensor assembly
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而另一個，傳感器則是可以拆卸的，
04:37
that can be adhered anywhere
that makes contact
that makes contact
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可以粘在病人腳底
04:39
with the bottom of the patient's foot.
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任何產生接觸的地方。
04:41
I've tested the device on my grandfather
for about a year now,
for about a year now,
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我在爺爺身上試驗了大約一年，
04:44
and it's had a 100 percent success rate
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它的準確率高達 100％，
04:46
in detecting the over 900
known cases of his wandering.
known cases of his wandering.
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成功檢測到了我爺爺
超過 900 次的發病情況。
超過 900 次的發病情況。
04:50
Last summer, I was able
to beta test my device
to beta test my device
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去年夏天，我開始在美國加州的
一些護理院試用這套設備，
一些護理院試用這套設備，
04:53
at several residential
care facilities in California,
care facilities in California,
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目前我正在收集反饋，
04:55
and I'm currently incorporating
the feedback
the feedback
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04:57
to further improve the device
into a marketable product.
into a marketable product.
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來進一步完善這個裝置，
使它成為可以進入市場的產品。
使它成為可以進入市場的產品。
05:00
Testing the device on a number of patients
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在一些病人試用的過程中，
05:02
made me realize that I needed
to invent solutions
to invent solutions
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我意識到我需要創新解決方案，
05:05
for people who didn't want
to wear socks to sleep at night.
to wear socks to sleep at night.
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來幫助那些不想穿著襪子睡覺的人。
05:08
So sensor data, collected
on a vast number of patients,
on a vast number of patients,
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從大規模的病人身上
采集到的傳感器數據，
采集到的傳感器數據，
05:11
can be useful for improving patient care
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不僅對於照顧病人有幫助作用，
05:13
and also leading to a cure
for the disease, possibly.
for the disease, possibly.
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對於疾病本身的治療也可能會有幫助。
05:16
For example, I'm currently examining
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例如，我現在在檢測的是
05:18
correlations between the frequency
of a patient's nightly wandering
of a patient's nightly wandering
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病人夜間活動的頻率
05:21
and his or her daily activities and diet.
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與白天的行為和飲食之間的關聯。
05:25
One thing I'll never forget
is when my device first caught
is when my device first caught
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我永遠忘不了
05:28
my grandfather's wandering
out of bed at night.
out of bed at night.
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我的設備第一次成功檢測到
我爺爺半夜下床的時刻。
我爺爺半夜下床的時刻。
05:30
At that moment, I was really struck
by the power of technology
by the power of technology
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那一刻，我強烈地感受到了
科技的力量，
科技的力量，
05:33
to change lives for the better.
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它能讓生活更加美好。
05:36
People living happily and healthfully --
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人們可以健康快樂地生活 ﹣﹣
05:38
that's the world that I imagine.
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那就是我夢想中的世界。
05:40
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝。
05:42
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kenneth Shinozuka - Smart product inventorKenneth Shinozuka designs smart products ... He's been doing so since he was in kindergarten.
Why you should listen
When he was six years old, a family friend of Kenneth Shinozuka fell down in the bathroom. The friend was ok -- but the incident inspired him to design a motion detection system that could be embedded in bathroom tiles. He never actually made one in real life (remember, he was only six) ... but he was hooked on both the promise of invention and the potential of technology.
Since then, Shinozuka has designed smart devices for his grandfather, who has Alzheimer's disease. One invention that caught the eye of both the media and awards programs such as the Google Science Fair: a pair of smart socks, designed to send an alert to a caregiver if a patient gets out of bed. In 2014, he won the $50,000 Scientific American Science in Action Award, while he was also a 2014 Davidson Fellow.
Kenneth Shinozuka | Speaker | TED.com