TEDGlobal 2009
Bjarke Ingels: 3 warp-speed architecture tales
Bjarke Ingels: 3 warp-brze arhitektonske priče
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Danski arhitekt Bjarke Ingels juri kroz mješavinu fotografskih/video priča o svojim ekološki-upečatljivim projektima. Njegovi objekti ne samo da podsećaju na prirodu -- oni se ponašaju kao priroda: štite od vjetra, skupljaju solarnu energiju -- i stvaraju nevjerojatne vizure.
Bjarke Ingels - Architect
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The public debate about architecture
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Javna diskusija vezana uz arhitekturu
00:14
quite often just stays on contemplating the final result,
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često ostaje samo na raspravi
konačnog rezultata,
konačnog rezultata,
00:18
the architectural object.
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arhitektonskog objekta.
00:20
Is the latest tower in London
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Je li najnoviji neboder u Londonu
00:23
a gherkin or a sausage
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krastavac ili kobasica
00:25
or a sex tool?
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ili seksualno pomagalo?
00:27
So recently, we asked ourselves
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Nedavno smo se pitali
00:30
if we could invent a format
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kada bismo mogli osmisliti format
00:32
that could actually tell the stories behind the projects,
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koji bi mogao ispričati priču
koja se krije iza projekta
koja se krije iza projekta
00:35
maybe combining images and drawings and words
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možda kombinirajući slike
i crteže s riječima
i crteže s riječima
00:38
to actually sort of tell stories about architecture.
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da bi na neki način ispričao
priču o arhitekturi.
priču o arhitekturi.
00:42
And we discovered that we didn't have to invent it,
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I onda smo otkrili kako
ne moramo to osmišljavati
ne moramo to osmišljavati
00:45
it already existed in the form of a comic book.
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već da postoji u formi stripa.
00:49
So we basically copied the format of the comic book
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Tako da smo u osnovi
kopirali format stripa
kopirali format stripa
00:52
to actually tell the stories of behind the scenes,
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kako bismo ispričali priče iza kulisa,
00:54
how our projects actually evolve through adaptation
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kako naši projekti nastaju
kroz prilagodbu
kroz prilagodbu
00:57
and improvisation.
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i improvizaciju.
00:59
Sort of through the turmoil and the opportunities
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Na neki način kroz metež i prilike
01:01
and the incidents of the real world.
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te incidente stvarnog svijeta.
01:04
We call this comic book "Yes is More,"
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Ovaj strip nazivamo "Da je više",
01:06
which is obviously a sort of evolution of the ideas of some of our heroes.
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što je očito vrsta evolucije ideja
o nekim našim herojima.
o nekim našim herojima.
01:10
In this case it's Mies van der Rohe's Less is More.
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U ovom slučaju to je
Mies van der Rohesov "Manje je više".
Mies van der Rohesov "Manje je više".
01:13
He triggered the modernist revolution.
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On je potaknuo modernističku revoluciju.
01:15
After him followed the post-modern counter-revolution,
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Poslje njega slijedila je
post-modernistička kontra-revolucija,
post-modernistička kontra-revolucija,
01:18
Robert Venturi saying, "Less is a bore."
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Robert Venturi koji kaže,
"Manje je dosadno".
"Manje je dosadno".
01:21
After him, Philip Johnson sort of introduced
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Poslije njega, Philip Johnson
na neki način uvodi
na neki način uvodi
01:23
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:24
you could say promiscuity, or at least openness
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mogli bi reći promiskuitet,
ili u najmanju ruku otvorenost
ili u najmanju ruku otvorenost
01:26
to new ideas with, "I am a whore."
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novim idejama s, "Ja sam kurva".
01:28
Recently, Obama has introduced optimism
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Nedavno je Obama uveo optimizam
01:31
at a sort of time of global financial crisis.
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u vrijeme globalne financijske krize.
01:34
And what we'd like to say with "Yes is More"
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I ono što mi želimo reči s "Da je više"
01:36
is basically trying to question this idea
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jest da u suštini
dovedemo u pitanje tu ideju
dovedemo u pitanje tu ideju
01:39
that the architectural avant-garde is almost always negatively defined,
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da arhitektonska avangarda gotovo
uvijek mora biti negativno definirana,
uvijek mora biti negativno definirana,
01:42
as who or what we are against.
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poput protiv koga ili čega smo mi.
01:44
The cliche of the radical architect
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Kliše radikalnog arhitekta
01:46
is the sort of angry young man rebelling against the establishment.
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jest neka vrsta gnjevnog mladog čovjeka
koji se buni protiv sustava.
koji se buni protiv sustava.
01:50
Or this idea of the misunderstood genius,
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Ili ta ideja neshvaćenog genija,
01:53
frustrated that the world doesn't fit in with his or her ideas.
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frustiranog zbog svijeta koji se jednostavno
ne uklapa u njegove ili njezine ideje.
ne uklapa u njegove ili njezine ideje.
01:57
Rather than revolution, we're much more interested in evolution,
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Umjesto revolucije, mi smo
bitno više zainteresirani za evoluciju,
bitno više zainteresirani za evoluciju,
02:01
this idea that things gradually evolve
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tu ideju da stvari postupno evoluiraju
02:03
by adapting and improvising
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kroz adaptaciju i improvizaciju
02:05
to the changes of the world.
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na promjene iz okruženja.
02:07
In fact, I actually think that Darwin is one of the people
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U stvari, ja mislim kako je Darwin
jedan od ljudi
jedan od ljudi
02:10
who best explains our design process.
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koji najbolje opisuje proces dizajna.
02:13
His famous evolutionary tree
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Njegovo poznato evolucijsko stablo
02:15
could almost be a diagram of the way we work.
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bi moglo gotovo biti dijagram
načina na koji radimo.
načina na koji radimo.
02:17
As you can see, a project evolves through
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Kao što možete vidjeti,
projekt evoluira kroz
projekt evoluira kroz
02:19
a series of generations of design meetings.
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serije iteracija dizajnerskih sastanaka.
02:22
At each meeting, there's way too many ideas.
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Na svakom sastanku, imamo previše ideja.
02:25
Only the best ones can survive.
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Samo najbolje mogu preživjeti.
02:27
And through a process of architectural selection,
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A kroz proces arhitektonske selekcije,
02:29
we might choose a really beautiful model
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mogli bi izabrati zaista lijep model
02:32
or we might have a very functional model.
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ili možemo dobiti jako funkcionalan model.
02:34
We mate them. They have sort of mutant offspring.
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Spojimo ih. Oni imaju mutirane potomke.
02:37
And through these sort of generations of design meetings
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I kroz ove različite generacije
sastanaka dizajnera
sastanaka dizajnera
02:40
we arrive at a design.
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mi dođemo do dizajna
02:42
A very literal way of showing it is a project we did
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Prilično doslovan način prikaza ovoga
je projekt koji smo napravili
je projekt koji smo napravili
02:44
for a library and a hotel in Copenhagen.
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za knjižnicu i hotel u Kopenhagenu.
02:47
The design process was really tough,
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Dizajnerski proces je bio
stvarno težak,
stvarno težak,
02:50
almost like a struggle for survival,
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gotovo kao bitka za preživljavanje,
02:52
but gradually an idea evolved:
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ali je postupno ideja evoluirala:
02:55
this sort of idea of a rational tower
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neka vrsta ideje o racionalnom tornju
02:57
that melts together with the surrounding city,
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koji se stapa s onime
što ga okružuje u gradu,
što ga okružuje u gradu,
02:59
sort of expanding the public space onto what we refer to as
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koji širi javni prostor na ono
što mislimo da je
što mislimo da je
03:02
a Scandinavian version of the Spanish Steps in Rome,
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skandinavska verzija
Španjolskih stepenica u Rimu,
Španjolskih stepenica u Rimu,
03:06
but sort of public on the outside, as well as on the inside,
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ali na neki način
javno izvana, kao i iznutra,
javno izvana, kao i iznutra,
03:09
with the library.
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s knjižnicom.
03:11
But Darwin doesn't only explain the evolution of a single idea.
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Ali Darwin ne objašnjava samo evoluciju
jedne ideje.
jedne ideje.
03:14
As you can see, sometimes a subspecies branches off.
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Kao što možete vidjeti, ponekad
se podvrste izdvoje.
se podvrste izdvoje.
03:18
And quite often we sit in a design meeting
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I prilično često dok sjedimo na
sastanku dizajnera
sastanku dizajnera
03:20
and we discover that there is this great idea.
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otkrijemo kako postoji ta sjajna ideja.
03:22
It doesn't really work in this context.
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Ona stvarno ne funkcionira
u ovom kontekstu.
u ovom kontekstu.
03:24
But for another client in another culture,
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Ali za nekog drugog klijenta
u nekoj drugoj kulturi,
u nekoj drugoj kulturi,
03:26
it could really be the right answer to a different question.
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to bi mogao biti pravi odgovor,
na neko drugo pitanje.
na neko drugo pitanje.
03:29
So as a result, we never throw anything out.
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Dakle kao rezultat,
nikada ne izbacujemo ništa.
nikada ne izbacujemo ništa.
03:32
We keep our office almost like an archive
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Naš ured je gotovo arhiva
03:34
of architectural biodiversity.
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arhitektonske bioraznolikosti.
03:37
You never know when you might need it.
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Nikada ne znaš kada će ti možda zatrebati.
03:39
And what I'd like to do now, in an act of
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I ono što bih sada volio učiniti,
u činu
u činu
03:41
warp-speed storytelling,
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pričanja priče warp brzinom,
03:43
is tell the story of how two projects evolved
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jest ispričati vam priču o razvoju
dva projekta
dva projekta
03:47
by adapting and improvising
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kroz adaptaciju i improvizaciju
03:49
to the happenstance of the world.
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okolnostima u svijetu.
03:52
The first story starts last year when we went to Shanghai
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Prva priča započinje prošle godine
kada smo otišli u Šangaj
kada smo otišli u Šangaj
03:54
to do the competition for the Danish
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na natjecanje za Danski
03:56
National Pavilion for the World Expo in 2010.
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Nacionalni Paviljon na Svjetskoj Izložbi 2010.
03:59
And we saw this guy, Haibao.
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I vidjeli smo ovog tipa, Haibaoa.
04:02
He's the mascot of the expo,
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Bio je maskota izložbe,
04:04
and he looks strangely familiar.
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i izgledao nam je poznato
na čudan način.
na čudan način.
04:07
In fact he looked like a building we had designed
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U stvari izgledao je kao zgrada
koju smo dizjanirali
koju smo dizjanirali
04:09
for a hotel in the north of Sweden.
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za hotel u sjevernoj Švedskoj.
04:12
When we submitted it for the Swedish competition we thought
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Kada smo ga predali za švedsko
natjecanje mislili smo
natjecanje mislili smo
04:14
it was a really cool scheme, but it didn't exactly
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da je to stvarno super koncept,
ali nije stvarno
ali nije stvarno
04:16
look like something from the north of Sweden.
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izgledao kao nešto sa sjevera Švedske.
04:18
The Swedish jury didn't think so either. So we lost.
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Ni švedsko povjerenstvo nije mislilo tako.
Tako da smo izgubili.
Tako da smo izgubili.
04:22
But then we had a meeting with a Chinese businessman
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Ali onda smo imali sastanak
s kineskim poslovnjakom
s kineskim poslovnjakom
04:24
who saw our design and said,
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koji je vidio naš dizajn i rekao,
04:26
"Wow, that's the Chinese character for the word 'people.'"
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"Vau, to je kineski znak za riječ 'narod'."
04:29
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:31
So, apparently this is how you write "people,"
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Ispostavilo se da ovako pišete 'narod',
04:33
as in the People's Republic of China.
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kao u Narodnoj Republici Kini.
04:35
We even double checked.
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Čak smo još jednom provjerili.
04:37
And at the same time, we got invited to exhibit
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Istovremeno smo pozvani da izlažemo
04:39
at the Shanghai Creative Industry Week.
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na Šangajskom Tjednu
Kreativne Industrije.
Kreativne Industrije.
04:41
So we thought like, this is too much of an opportunity,
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Tako smo mislili, to je predobra prilika,
04:44
so we hired a feng shui master.
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pa smo unajmili feng shui majstora.
04:46
We scaled the building up three times to Chinese proportions,
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Povećali smo zgradu tri puta
prema kineskim proporcijama,
prema kineskim proporcijama,
04:49
and went to China.
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i otišli smo u Kinu.
04:52
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:55
So the People's Building, as we called it.
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Dakle 'Narodna zgrada', kako smo ju zvali.
04:57
This is our two interpreters, sort of reading the architecture.
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Ovo su naša dva prevoditelja, koji
čitaju arhitekturu na neki način.
čitaju arhitekturu na neki način.
05:01
It went on the cover of the Wen Wei Po newspaper,
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Završilo je na naslovnici
Wen Wei Po novina,
Wen Wei Po novina,
05:03
which got Mr. Liangyu Chen, the mayor of Shanghai,
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što je navelo gosp. Liangyu Chena,
gradonačelnika Šangaja,
gradonačelnika Šangaja,
05:06
to visit the exhibition.
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da posjeti izložbu.
05:08
And we had the chance to explain the project.
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I dobili smo priliku objasniti projekt.
05:10
And he said, "Shanghai is the city in the world
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A on je rekao, "Šangaj je svjetski grad
05:13
with most skyscrapers,"
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s najvećim brojem nebodera,"
05:15
but to him it was as if the connection to the roots had been cut over.
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ali za njega je to bilo kao prekinuta
veza s korijenima.
veza s korijenima.
05:19
And with the People's Building, he saw an architecture
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A s 'Narodnom zgradom'
on je vidio arhitekturu
on je vidio arhitekturu
05:21
that could bridge the gap between the ancient wisdom of China
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koja bi mogla povezati jaz između
tradicionalne mudrosti Kine
tradicionalne mudrosti Kine
05:24
and the progressive future of China.
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i progresivne budućnosti Kine.
05:27
So we obviously profoundly agreed with him.
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Naravno mi smo se složili s njime.
05:30
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:34
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
05:38
Unfortunately, Mr. Chen is now in prison for corruption.
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Nažalost gosp. Chen je sada u zatvoru
zbog korupcije.
zbog korupcije.
05:41
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:45
But like I said, Haibao looked very familiar,
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Ali kao što sam rekao, Haibao je
izgledao stvarno poznato,
izgledao stvarno poznato,
05:47
because he is actually the Chinese character for "people."
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jer je on u stvari
kineski znak za 'narod'.
kineski znak za 'narod'.
05:51
And they chose this mascot because
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A oni su izabrali tu maskotu jer
05:53
the theme of the expo is "Better City, Better Life."
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je tema EXPO-a bila
'Bolji grad, bolji život'.
'Bolji grad, bolji život'.
05:56
Sustainability.
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Održivost.
05:58
And we thought, sustainability has grown into being
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I mi smo mislili, održivost je prerasla u
06:00
this sort of neo-Protestant idea
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neku vrstu neoprotestanske ideje
06:02
that it has to hurt in order to do good.
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da mora boljeti kako bi bilo dobro.
06:04
You know, you're not supposed to take long, warm showers.
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Znate, ne biste se smjeli dugo tuširati.
06:08
You're not supposed to fly on holidays because it's bad for the environment.
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Ne biste smjeli letjeti na praznike jer
je to loše za okoliš.
je to loše za okoliš.
06:12
Gradually, you get this idea that sustainable life
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Postupno, dobijete tu ideju da je
održivi život
održivi život
06:15
is less fun than normal life.
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manje zabavan nego normalan život.
06:17
So we thought that maybe it could be interesting to focus on examples
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Tako smo pomislili da bi možda moglo biti
interesantno fokusirati se na primjere
interesantno fokusirati se na primjere
06:20
where a sustainable city
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gdje održivi grad
06:22
actually increases the quality of life.
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u stvari povećava kvalitetu života.
06:25
We also asked ourselves, what could Denmark possibly show China
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Također smo se pitali, što bi
Danska mogla pokazati Kini
Danska mogla pokazati Kini
06:27
that would be relevant?
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a da bude relevantno?
06:29
You know, it's one of the biggest countries in the world, one of the smallest.
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Znate, to su jedna od najvećih zemalja
na svijetu, i jedna od najmanjih.
na svijetu, i jedna od najmanjih.
06:32
China symbolized by the dragon.
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Kina koju simbolizira zmaj.
06:34
Denmark, we have a national bird, the swan.
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Danska, mi imamo nacionalnu pticu, labuda.
06:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:39
China has many great poets,
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Kina ima puno sjajnih pjesnika,
06:41
but we discovered that in the People's Republic
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ali mi smo otkrili kako u
Narodnoj republici
Narodnoj republici
06:43
public school curriculum,
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kurikulum javne škole
06:45
they have three fairy tales by An Tu Sheng,
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ima tri bajke od An Tu Shenga,
06:48
or Hans Christian Anderson, as we call him.
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ili Hans Christian Andersona, kako
ga mi nazivamo.
ga mi nazivamo.
06:50
So that means that all 1.3 billion Chinese
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To znači da je svih 1,3 milijarde Kineza
06:53
have grown up with "The Emperor's New Clothes,"
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odrastalo na 'Carevom novom ruhu',
06:55
"The Matchstick Girl" and "The Little Mermaid."
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'Djevojčici sa žigicama' i 'Maloj sireni'.
06:58
It's almost like a fragment of Danish culture
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To je gotovo kao fragment danske kulture
07:00
integrated into Chinese culture.
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integriran u kinesku kulturu.
07:02
The biggest tourist attraction in China is the Great Wall.
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Najveća turistička atrakcija
u Kini je Veliki zid.
u Kini je Veliki zid.
07:05
The Great Wall is the only thing that can be seen from the moon.
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Veliki zid je jedina stvar
koja se može vidjeti s Mjeseca.
koja se može vidjeti s Mjeseca.
07:07
The big tourist attraction in Denmark is The Little Mermaid.
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Velika turistička atrakcija u Danskoj
je 'Mala sirena'.
je 'Mala sirena'.
07:10
That can actually hardly be seen from the canal tours.
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Ona se jedva može vidjeti
na turama brodovima u kanalu.
na turama brodovima u kanalu.
07:13
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:15
And it sort of shows the difference between these two cities.
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I to na neki način pokazuje razliku
između ta dva grada,
između ta dva grada,
07:17
Copenhagen, Shanghai,
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Kopenhagen, Šangaj,
07:19
modern, European.
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moderan, europski.
07:21
But then we looked at recent urban development,
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Ali onda smo obratili pažnju na recentni
urbani razvoj,
urbani razvoj,
07:23
and we noticed that this is like a Shanghai street,
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i primjetili smo
da je ovo ulica u Šangaju,
da je ovo ulica u Šangaju,
07:25
30 years ago. All bikes, no cars.
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prije 30 godina.
Sve bicikli, bez automobila.
Sve bicikli, bez automobila.
07:28
This is how it looks today; all traffic jam.
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Evo kako izgleda danas, prometna gužva.
07:30
Bicycles have become forbidden many places.
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Bicikli su postali zabranjeni na
mnogim mjestima.
mnogim mjestima.
07:33
Meanwhile, in Copenhagen we're actually expanding the bicycle lanes.
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U međuvremenu, u Kopenhagenu mi
proširujemo biciklističke staze.
proširujemo biciklističke staze.
07:36
A third of all the people commute by bike.
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Trećina ljudi putuje biciklima.
07:39
We have a free system of bicycles called the City Bike
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Imamo besplatan sustav najma
bicikla pod imenom 'Gradski bicikli'
bicikla pod imenom 'Gradski bicikli'
07:41
that you can borrow if you visit the city.
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koje možete posuditi ako posjećujete grad.
07:43
So we thought, why don't we reintroduce the bicycle in China?
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Dakle pomislili smo zašto ne bismo
Kinu ponovno upoznali s biciklima?
Kinu ponovno upoznali s biciklima?
07:47
We donate 1,000 bikes to Shanghai.
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Donirati ćemo 1.000 bicikla Šangaju.
07:50
So if you come to the expo, go straight to the Danish pavilion,
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Ako dođete na EXPO, odite ravno
u danski paviljon
u danski paviljon
07:53
get a Danish bike, and then continue on that to visit the other pavilions.
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uzmite danski bicikl, i onda nastavite
posjećivati druge paviljone.
posjećivati druge paviljone.
07:57
Like I said, Shanghai and Copenhagen are both port cities,
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Kao što sam rekao, Šangaj i Kopenhagen
su oba lučka grada,
su oba lučka grada,
08:00
but in Copenhagen the water has gotten so clean
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ali u Kopenhagenu je voda postala
toliko čista
toliko čista
08:02
that you can actually swim in it.
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da možeš plivati u njoj.
08:04
One of the first projects we ever did
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Jedan od prvih projekata
koje smo ikada napravili
koje smo ikada napravili
08:06
was the harbor bath in Copenhagen,
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bilo je lučko kupalište u Kopenhagenu,
08:08
sort of continuing the public realm into the water.
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Neki način proširenja javnog prostora
u vodu.
u vodu.
08:10
So we thought that these expos quite often have a lot of
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Tako smo mislili da ti EXPO-i
često imaju puno
često imaju puno
08:14
state financed propaganda,
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propagande financirane od strane države,
08:16
images, statements, but no real experience.
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slike, izjave ali bez stvarnog iskustva.
08:18
So just like with a bike, we don't talk about it.
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Tako, da kao i s biciklom,
ne pričamo o tome.
ne pričamo o tome.
08:20
You can try it.
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Možete probati.
08:22
Like with the water, instead of talking about it,
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Poput vode, umjesto da pričamo o tome,
08:24
we're going to sail a million liters of harbor water
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mi ćemo dopremiti milijun litara
lučke vode
lučke vode
08:27
from Copenhagen to Shanghai,
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iz Kopenhagena u Šangaj,
08:29
so the Chinese who have the courage can actually dive in
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tako da Kinezi koji budu dovoljno hrabri
mogu skočiti u nju
mogu skočiti u nju
08:31
and feel how clean it is.
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i osjetiti kako je čista.
08:33
This is where people normally object that it doesn't sound very sustainable
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Ovdje ljudi krenu prigovarati kako se
ovo ne čini previše održivim
ovo ne čini previše održivim
08:36
to sail water from Copenhagen to China.
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prebaciti vodu
od Kopenhagena do Šangaja.
od Kopenhagena do Šangaja.
08:39
But in fact, the container ships go
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Ali u stvari, kontejnerski brodovi idu
08:42
full of goods from China to Denmark,
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prepuni proizvoda iz Kine u Dansku,
08:45
and then they sail empty back.
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i onda plove prazni nazad.
08:47
So quite often you load water for ballast.
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Dakle često uzimaju vodu za balast.
08:49
So we can actually hitch a ride for free.
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Dakle mogli bismo
uhvatiti besplatnu vožnju.
uhvatiti besplatnu vožnju.
08:51
And in the middle of this sort of harbor bath,
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A usred te vrste lučkog kupališta,
08:53
we're actually going to put the actual Little Mermaid.
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stavit ćemo pravu 'Malu sirenu'.
08:56
So the real Mermaid, the real water, and the real bikes.
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Dakle prava 'Mala sirena', stvarna voda
i bicikli.
i bicikli.
08:59
And when she's gone, we're going to invite
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A kada ode, pozvati ćemo
09:01
a Chinese artist to reinterpret her.
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kineske umjetnike da je reinterpretiraju.
09:03
The architecture of the pavilion is this sort of loop
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Arhitektura paviljona je ta vrsta spirale
09:05
of exhibition and bikes.
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izložbe i bicikala.
09:07
When you go to the exhibition, you'll see the Mermaid and the pool.
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Kada idete na izložbu, vidjeti ćete Sirenu
i bazen.
i bazen.
09:10
You'll walk around, start looking for a bicycle on the roof,
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Hodati ćete okolo,
počet ćete tražiti bicikle po krovu,
počet ćete tražiti bicikle po krovu,
09:13
jump on your ride and then continue out into the rest of the expo.
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skočit ćete na svoj bicikl i nastaviti s
gledanjem ostatka EXPO-a.
gledanjem ostatka EXPO-a.
09:18
So when we actually won the competition
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Kada smo pobijedili na natjecanju
09:20
we had to do an exhibition in China explaining the project.
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morali smo napraviti izložbu u Kini
kako bismo objasnili projekt.
kako bismo objasnili projekt.
09:23
And to our surprise we got one of our boards back
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I na naše iznenađenje dobili smo
jedan od naših panela nazad
jedan od naših panela nazad
09:25
with corrections from the Chinese state censorship.
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s korekcijama od strane kineske
državne cenzure.
državne cenzure.
09:30
The first thing, the China map missed Taiwan.
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Prva stvar, na kineskoj karti
je nedostajao Tajvan.
je nedostajao Tajvan.
09:33
It's a very serious political issue in China. We will add on.
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To je jako ozbiljno političko pitanje
u Kini. Dodat ćemo ga.
u Kini. Dodat ćemo ga.
09:36
The second thing, we had compared the swan to the dragon,
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Druga stvar,
usporedili smo labuda i zmaja,
usporedili smo labuda i zmaja,
09:39
and then the Chinese state said,
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i onda je kineska država rekla,
09:41
"Suggest change to panda."
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"Predlažemo promjenu u pandu."
09:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:48
So, when it came out in Denmark that we were actually going to
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Kada je izašlo u Danskoj
da ćemo stvarno
da ćemo stvarno
09:50
move our national monument,
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maknuti naš nacionalni spomenik,
09:52
the National People's Party sort of rebelled against it.
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Nacionalna narodna stranka
se pobunila protiv toga.
se pobunila protiv toga.
09:57
They tried to pass a law against moving the Mermaid.
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Pokušali su izglasati zakon protiv
micanja Sirene.
micanja Sirene.
10:00
So for the first time, I got invited to speak at the National Parliament.
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Tako sam po prvi puta pozvan da
govorim u nacionalnom parlamentu.
govorim u nacionalnom parlamentu.
10:03
It was kind of interesting because in the morning, from 9 to 11,
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Bilo je na neki način zanimljivo
jer ujutro od 9:00 do 11:00,
jer ujutro od 9:00 do 11:00,
10:07
they were discussing the bailout package --
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raspravljali su o paketu mjera
za pokretanje ekonomije --
za pokretanje ekonomije --
10:09
how many billions to invest in saving the Danish economy.
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koliko milijardi investirati u
spašavanje danske ekonomije.
spašavanje danske ekonomije.
10:12
And then at 11 o'clock they stopped talking about these little issues.
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I onda su u 11:00 sati stali raspravljati
o tim malim stvarima.
o tim malim stvarima.
10:15
And then from 11 to 1,
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I onda su od 11:00 do 13:00,
10:17
they were debating whether or not to send the Mermaid to China.
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raspravljali o tome hoćemo li poslati
Sirenu u Kinu.
Sirenu u Kinu.
10:19
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:21
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:26
But to conclude, if you want to see the Mermaid from May to December
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Ali da zaključimo, ako želite vidjeti
Sirenu od svibnja do prosinca
Sirenu od svibnja do prosinca
10:29
next year, don't come to Copenhagen,
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slijedeće godine,
nemojte ići u Kopenhagen,
nemojte ići u Kopenhagen,
10:31
because she's going to be in Shanghai.
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jer će ona biti u Šangaju.
10:33
If you do come to Copenhagen,
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Ako dođete u Kopenhagen,
10:35
you will probably see an installation by Ai Weiwei, the Chinese artist.
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vjerojatno ćete vidjeti instalaciju
Ai Weiwei, kineskog umjetnika.
Ai Weiwei, kineskog umjetnika.
10:39
But if the Chinese government intervenes, it might even be a panda.
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Ali ako se kineska vlada uplete,
mogla bi biti panda.
mogla bi biti panda.
10:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:46
So the second story that I'd like to tell
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Druga priča koju bih vam volio ispričati,
10:49
is, actually starts in my own house.
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započinje u mojoj kući.
10:53
This is my apartment.
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Ovo je moj stan.
10:55
This is the view from my apartment,
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Ovo je pogled iz mog stana,
10:57
over the sort of landscape of triangular balconies
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preko neke vrste reljefa od trokutastih terasa
11:00
that our client called the Leonardo DiCaprio balcony.
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koje je naš klijent nazvao
'Leonardo DiCaprio balkon'.
'Leonardo DiCaprio balkon'.
11:03
And they form this sort of vertical backyard
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I oni formiraju neku vrstu
vertikalnog dvorišta
vertikalnog dvorišta
11:09
where, on a nice summer day, you'll actually get introduced to all your neighbors
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gdje, za vrijeme lijepog ljetnog dana,
možeš upoznati sve svoje susjede
možeš upoznati sve svoje susjede
11:11
in a vertical radius of 10 meters.
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u vertikalnom radijusu od 10 metara.
11:14
The house is sort of a distortion of a square block.
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Kuća je neka vrsta dekonstruiranog
kvadratnog bloka.
kvadratnog bloka.
11:17
Trying to zigzag it to make sure
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On je izrezan cik-cak
kako bi se osiguralo
kako bi se osiguralo
11:19
that all of the apartments look at the straight views,
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da svi apartmani imaju direktan
pogled na okruženje,
pogled na okruženje,
11:21
instead of into each other.
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umjesto jedan na drugog.
11:23
Until recently, this was the view from my apartment,
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Do nedavno, ovo je bio pogled
iz mog stana,
iz mog stana,
11:26
onto this place where our client actually bought the neighbor site.
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na to mjesto dok naš klijent nije kupio
susjednu parcelu.
susjednu parcelu.
11:30
And he said that he was going to do an apartment block
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I on je rekao kako će napraviti
stambeni blok
stambeni blok
11:33
next to a parking structure.
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pokraj parkirališta.
11:35
And we thought, rather than doing a traditional stack of apartments
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A mi smo pomislili, umjesto da sagrade
tradicionalni blok stanova
tradicionalni blok stanova
11:38
looking straight into a big boring block of cars,
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koji će gledati u dosadni blok automobila,
11:41
why don't we turn all the apartments into penthouses,
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zašto ne bismo sve stanove pretvorili u
penthouse,
penthouse,
11:44
put them on a podium of cars.
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i stavili ih na podijum od automobila.
11:46
And because Copenhagen is completely flat,
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I zato što je Kopenhagen potpuno ravan,
11:48
if you want to have a nice south-facing slope with a view,
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ako želite imati jugu orjentiran
stan s pogledom,
stan s pogledom,
11:50
you basically have to do it yourself.
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to morate sami napraviti.
11:52
Then we sort of cut up the volume,
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Tako smo smanjili volumen,
11:55
so we wouldn't block the view from my apartment.
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kako ne bismo blokirali pogled iz
mog stana.
mog stana.
11:57
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:01
And essentially the parking is sort of occupying the deep space
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A parking u suštini okupira donji prostor
12:04
underneath the apartments.
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ispod stanova.
12:06
And up in the sun, you have a single layer of apartments
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A gore na suncu, imate jedan sloj stanova
12:09
that combine all the splendors of a suburban lifestyle,
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koji kombiniraju sve prednosti života
na periferiji,
na periferiji,
12:12
like a house with a garden with a sort of metropolitan view,
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poput kuće s vrtom s pogledom na grad,
12:16
and a sort of dense urban location.
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i neka vrsta guste urbane lokacije.
12:19
This is our first architectural model.
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Ovo je naš prvi arhitektonski model.
12:21
This is an aerial photo taken last summer.
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Ovo je slika iz zraka koju smo napravili
prošlo ljeto.
prošlo ljeto.
12:24
And essentially, the apartments cover the parking.
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U osnovi,, stanovi prekrivaju parking.
12:27
They are accessed through this diagonal elevator.
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Njima se prilazi preko dijagonalnog lifta.
12:30
It's actually a stand-up product from Switzerland,
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To je u stvari standardni
proizvod u Švicarskoj,
proizvod u Švicarskoj,
12:32
because in Switzerland they have a natural need for diagonal elevators.
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jer tamo imaju prirodnu potrebu
za dijagonalnim liftovima.
za dijagonalnim liftovima.
12:36
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:38
And the facade of the parking,
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A fasada parkinga,
12:40
we wanted to make the parking naturally ventilated,
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željeli smo da parking ventilira prirodno,
12:43
so we needed to perforate it.
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tako da smo je morali perforirati.
12:45
And we discovered that by controlling the size of the holes,
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I otkrili smo da kontroliranjem veličine
otvora,
otvora,
12:47
we could actually turn the entire facade
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možemo pretvoriti cijelu fasadu
12:49
into a gigantic, naturally ventilated,
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u ogromnu, prirodno ventilirajuću,
12:52
rasterized image.
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rasteriranu sliku.
12:54
And since we always refer to the project as The Mountain,
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I kako smo oduvijek projekt
nazivali 'Planina',
nazivali 'Planina',
12:57
we commissioned this Japanese Himalaya photographer
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angažirali smo japanskog
fotografa Himalaja
fotografa Himalaja
12:59
to give us this beautiful photo of Mount Everest,
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da nam napravi ovu prekrasnu fotografiju
Mount Everesta,
Mount Everesta,
13:02
making the entire building a 3,000 square meter artwork.
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pretvorivši cijelu zgradu veliku 3.000 m2
u umjetničko djelo.
u umjetničko djelo.
13:06
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:12
So if you go back into the parking, into the corridors,
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Ako se vratite na parking, u hodnike,
13:15
it's almost like traveling into a parallel universe
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gotovo kao da putujete
iz paralelnoga svemira
iz paralelnoga svemira
13:17
from cars and colors,
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od automobila do boja,
13:19
into this sort of south-facing urban oasis.
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u neku vrstu urbane oaze okrenute jugu.
13:22
The wood of your apartment continues outside becoming the facades.
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Drvo iz vašeg stana nastavlja
se prema vani i postaje dijelom fasade.
se prema vani i postaje dijelom fasade.
13:26
If you go even further, it turns into this green garden.
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Ako odete dalje, pretvara se u zeleni vrt.
13:29
And all the rainwater that drops on the Mountain
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I sva kišnica koja padne na 'Planinu'
13:31
is actually accumulated.
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sakuplja se.
13:33
And there is an automatic irrigation system
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I postoji automatski sustav
za navodnjavanje
za navodnjavanje
13:36
that makes sure that this sort of landscape of gardens,
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koji osigurava da se ovaj
krajobraz vrtova,
krajobraz vrtova,
13:39
in one or two years it will sort of transform
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u jednoj do dvije godine pretvori u
13:41
into a Cambodian temple ruin,
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ostatke kambodžanskog hrama,
13:43
completely covered in green.
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kompletno prekrivenog zelenilom.
13:45
So, the Mountain is like our first built example
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Tako je planina naš prvoizgrađeni primjer
13:48
of what we like to refer to as architectural alchemy.
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onoga što bismo željeli zvati
arhitektonska alkemija.
arhitektonska alkemija.
13:51
This idea that you can actually create, if not gold,
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Ta ideja da možeš stvoriti, ako ne zlato,
13:53
then at least added value by mixing
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onda bar stvoriti vrijednost miješajući
13:55
traditional ingredients, like normal apartments
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tradicionalne sastojke,
poput normalnih stanova
poput normalnih stanova
13:57
and normal parking,
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i normalnog parkinga,
13:59
and in this case actually offer people
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i u ovom slučaju ponudiš ljudima
14:01
the chance that they don't have to choose between
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priliku da ne moraju birati između
14:03
a life with a garden or a life in the city.
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života u vrtu ili života u gradu.
14:05
They can actually have both.
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Mogu imati oboje.
14:09
As an architect, it's really hard to set the agenda.
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Kao arhitektu, teško mi je
postaviti agendu.
postaviti agendu.
14:13
You can't just say that now I'd like to do a sustainable city
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Ne možete samo reći sada ću napraviti
održivi grad
održivi grad
14:15
in central Asia,
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u središnjoj Aziji,
14:17
because that's not really how you get commissions.
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jer tako ne dobivate poslove.
14:20
You always have to sort of adapt and improvise
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Uvijek se morate prilagođavati
i improvizirati
i improvizirati
14:24
to the opportunities and accidents that happen,
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prilikama i slučajnostima
na koje ćete naići,
na koje ćete naići,
14:26
and the sort of turmoil of the world.
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i konstantnim promjenama u svijetu.
14:30
One last example is that recently we,
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Zadnji primjer jest da smo nedavno,
14:32
like last summer, we won the competition
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prošlog ljeta, osvojili natjecanje
14:35
to design a Nordic national bank.
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za dizajn Nordijske narodne banke.
14:38
This was the director of the bank when he was still smiling.
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Ovo je bio direktor banke
dok se još uvijek smijao.
dok se još uvijek smijao.
14:42
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:44
It was in the middle of the capital so we were really excited by this opportunity.
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Bila je u centru grada pa smo bili stvarno
uzbuđeni zbog ove prilike.
uzbuđeni zbog ove prilike.
14:47
Unfortunately, it was the national bank of Iceland.
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Na nesreću, to je bila
nacionalna banka Islanda.
nacionalna banka Islanda.
14:52
At the same time, we actually had a visitor --
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U isto vrijeme imali smo posjetitelja --
14:55
a minister from Azerbaijan came to our office.
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ministar Azerbajdžana je došao u naš ured.
14:58
We took him to see the Mountain. And he got very excited
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Odveli smo ga da mu pokažemo 'Planinu'.
I on je bio prilično uzbuđen
I on je bio prilično uzbuđen
15:01
by this idea that you could actually make mountains
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da se stvarno mogu raditi planine
15:03
out of architecture,
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iz arhitekture,
15:05
because Azerbaijan is known as the Alps of Central Asia.
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jer je Azerbajdžan poznat kao
Alpe središnje Azije.
Alpe središnje Azije.
15:08
So he asked us if we could actually imagine
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Tako da nas je pitao ako možemo
zamisliti
zamisliti
15:10
an urban master plan
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urbani master plan
15:12
on an island outside the capital
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otoka izvan glavnog grada
15:14
that would recreate the silhouette of the seven most significant mountains
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koji bi oponašao siluetu
sedam najvažnijih planina
sedam najvažnijih planina
15:17
of Azerbaijan.
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Azerbajdžana.
15:19
So we took the commission.
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Tako da smo prihvatili taj posao.
15:21
And we made this small movie that I'd like to show.
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I napravili smo ovaj mali film
koji bih vam volio pokazati.
koji bih vam volio pokazati.
15:24
We quite often make little movies.
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Često radimo male filmove.
15:26
We always argue a lot about the soundtrack,
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Uvijek se puno svađamo oko glazbe,
15:28
but in this case it was really easy to choose the song.
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ali u ovom slučaju bilo je stvarno
lagano izabrati pjesmu.
lagano izabrati pjesmu.
15:37
So basically, Baku is this sort of crescent bay
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Baku je u suštini
zaljev u obliku polumjeseca
zaljev u obliku polumjeseca
15:39
overlooking the island of Zira, the island that we are planning --
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koji gleda na otok Zira,
otok koji planiramo --
otok koji planiramo --
15:42
almost like the diagram of their flag.
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gotovo kao dijagram njihove zastave.
15:45
And our main idea was
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I naša glavna ideja je bila
15:47
to sort of sample the seven most significant mountains
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da na neki način uzmemo uzorke sedam
najznačajnijih planina
najznačajnijih planina
15:50
of the topography of Azerbaijan
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topografije Azerbajdžana
15:53
and reinterpret them into urban and architectural structures,
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i reinterpretiramo ih u urbane
i arhitektonske strukture,
i arhitektonske strukture,
15:56
inhabitable of human life.
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koje će naseliti ljudi.
15:59
Then we place these mountains on the island,
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Onda smo postavili te planine na otok,
16:02
surrounding this sort of central green valley,
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tako da okružuju neku vrstu
središnje zelene doline,
središnje zelene doline,
16:04
almost like a central park.
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gotovo kao centralnog parka.
16:07
And what makes it interesting is that the island right now
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I ono što je ovu stvar učinilo zanimljivom
jest da je ovaj otok
jest da je ovaj otok
16:09
is just a piece of desert. It has no vegetation.
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komad pustinje.
On nema nikakvu vegetaciju.
On nema nikakvu vegetaciju.
16:11
It has no water. It has no energy, no resources.
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Nema vode.
Nema energije, nema resursa.
Nema energije, nema resursa.
16:15
So we actually sort of designed the entire island as a single ecosystem,
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Tako da smo dizajnirali cijeli otok
kao jedan ekosustav,
kao jedan ekosustav,
16:19
exploiting wind energy to drive the desalination plants,
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koji crpi energiju vjetra za pokretanje
postrojenja za desalinizaciju,
postrojenja za desalinizaciju,
16:23
and to use the thermal properties of water
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i termičke karakteristike vode
16:25
to heat and cool the buildings.
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kako bi grijali i hladili zgrade.
16:27
And all the sort of excess freshwater wastewater
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I sva suvišna otpadna voda
16:30
is filtered organically into the landscape,
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se organski filtrira kroz zelenilo,
16:33
gradually transforming the desert island
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postepeno transformirajući pustinjski otok
16:35
into sort of a green, lush landscape.
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u zeleni, bujni pejsaž.
16:39
So, you can say where an urban development
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Tako da možete reći kako urbani razvoj
16:42
normally happens at the expense of nature,
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koji se često događa na račun prirode,
16:46
in this case it's actually creating nature.
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u ovom slučaju on u biti stvara prirodu.
16:50
And the buildings, they don't only sort of
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A zgrade, one ne samo da
16:53
invoke the imagery of the mountains,
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prizivaju slike planina,
16:56
they also operate like mountains.
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one funkcioniraju kao planine.
16:58
They create shelter from the wind.
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Stvaraju zavjetrinu.
17:00
They accumulate the solar energy.
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Akumuliraju solarnu energiju.
17:02
They accumulate the water.
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Akumuliraju vodu.
17:04
So they actually transform the entire island
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Dakle one u stvari
transformiraju cijeli otok
transformiraju cijeli otok
17:06
into a single ecosystem.
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u jedinstveni ekosustav.
17:11
So we recently presented the master plan,
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Tako smo nedavno predstavili master plan,
17:14
and it has gotten approved.
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i odobren je.
17:16
And this summer we are starting the construction documents
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Od ovoga ljeta započeti ćemo
s građevinskim dokumentima
s građevinskim dokumentima
17:19
of the two first mountains,
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za prve dvije planine,
17:21
in what's going to be the first carbon-neutral island
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onoga što će biti prvi otok neutralane
emisije ugljik dioksida
emisije ugljik dioksida
17:25
in Central Asia.
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u središnjoj Aziji.
17:28
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:37
Yes, maybe just to round off.
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Da, možda da zaokružimo.
17:39
So in a way you can see how the Mountain in Copenhagen
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Ovdje ste vidjeli kako je
'Planina' u Kopenhagenu
'Planina' u Kopenhagenu
17:42
sort of evolved into the Seven Peaks of Azerbaijan.
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evoluirala u sedam vrhova u Azerbajdžanu.
17:45
With a little luck and some more evolution,
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Uz malo sreće i dodatne evolucije,
17:48
maybe in 10 years it could be the Five Mountains on Mars.
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možda za 10 godina
to može biti 'Pet planina' na Marsu.
to može biti 'Pet planina' na Marsu.
17:52
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
17:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bjarke Ingels - ArchitectTheory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings.
Why you should listen
Bjarke Ingels is principal of BIG, based in Copenhagen. An alumnus of Rem Koolhaas' OMA practice, Ingels takes a similar approach: experimenting with pure space, but never losing sight of the building as a solution to a real-world problem. His manifesto "Yes Is More" takes the form of a giant cartoon strip, 130 meters long, that reminds people to keep thinking big -- to see all our modern problems as challenges that inspire us. (The manifesto is now available in comic-book form.)
His deeply-thought-out and often rather large works -- including several skyscrapers and mixed-use projects in a developing section of Copenhagen, plus a project for a new commercial harbor-island -- work to bring coherence to the urban fabric and to help their occupants and users lead better lives. His most famous works include: the Stavanger Concert House, Tallinn’s city hall and the VM Houses. He recently won a competition to design Copenhagen’s waste-to-energy plant with a design that will place a ski slope on top of the structure.
Bjarke Ingels | Speaker | TED.com