ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aomawa Shields - Astronomer, astrobiologist, actor, writer
Aomawa Shields studies the climate and habitability of planets outside of the Solar System.

Why you should listen

Dr. Aomawa Shields received her PhD in Astronomy and Astrobiology from the University of Washington in 2014. She also received an MFA in Acting from UCLA in 2001, and a Bachelor's degree in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences from MIT in 1997. She is currently an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow, a UC President's Postdoctoral Program Fellow, and a 2015 TED Fellow at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

Dr. Shields is the founder of Rising Stargirls, an organization dedicated to encouraging girls of all colors and backgrounds to explore and discover the universe using theater, writing, and visual art. She uses her theater and writing background to communicate science to the public in engaging, innovative ways.

More profile about the speaker
Aomawa Shields | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Aomawa Shields: How we'll find life on other planets

ओंमावा शेल्ड्स: हामी अरु ग्रहहरुमा कसरी जीवन खोज्छौ

Filmed:
1,734,106 views

खगोलविद ओंमावा शेल्ड्स वायुमण्डल र त्यसको तर बिचको दुरीको अधारमा ब्रम्हाण्डमा कहीं पनि जीवन भेटिन सकिने सम्भावनाको खोजि गर्छिन . उनको फुर्सदको समयमा शास्त्रिय बिधि प्रशिक्षित अभिनेत्री (र TED मित्र) युबतीहरुलाइ नाटक, लेखन तथा प्रदर्शन कलाको माध्यमले बिज्ञान सिकाउने गर्छिन . उनि भन्छिन:- "हुन सक्छ कुनै दिन खगोलबिध भएर, अन्तरविरोधले भरिपूर्ण हुदै, कुनै दिन- ब्रम्हाण्डमा हामी मात्रै एक्लो छैनौ भन्ने जानकारी विश्वलाइ दिन सक्नेछन्"
- Astronomer, astrobiologist, actor, writer
Aomawa Shields studies the climate and habitability of planets outside of the Solar System. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I am in search of another planet
in the universe where life exists.
0
856
4739
म ब्रम्हाण्डमा जीवन रहेको
अर्को ग्रहको खोजीमा छु
00:18
I can't see this planet
with my naked eyes
1
6426
2962
केवल आफ्नै आँखाको भरमा म
यी ग्रहहरु देख्न सक्दिन ,
00:21
or even with the most powerful telescopes
2
9412
2286
न त अहिले सम्म उपलब्ध शक्तिशाली
दुरबिनद्वारा नै
00:23
we currently possess.
3
11722
1350
देख्न सक्छु
00:25
But I know that it's there.
4
13787
2064
तर मलाई थाहा छ, त्यो कहीं छ
00:27
And understanding contradictions
that occur in nature
5
15875
3143
प्रकृतिमा भेटिने अन्तरविरोधको ज्ञानले
हामीलाई
00:31
will help us find it.
6
19042
1356
त्यो कार्यमा मद्धत गर्ने छ
00:33
On our planet,
7
21379
1151
हाम्रो ग्रहमा,
00:34
where there's water, there's life.
8
22554
1973
जहाँ पानी छ, त्यहाँ जीवन छ
00:36
So we look for planets that orbit
at just the right distance
9
24892
2934
त्यसैले हामी त्यस्ता ग्रहको खोजि गर्छौं
जो आफ्नो तारालाई सहि
00:39
from their stars.
10
27850
1299
दुरीमा परिक्रमा गर्दछन्
00:42
At this distance,
11
30418
1151
यस दुरीमा,
00:43
shown in blue on this diagram
for stars of different temperatures,
12
31593
3480
निलो डायग्राममा देखाएजस्तै विभिन्न
तापक्रमका ताराहरूका
00:47
planets could be warm enough
for water to flow on their surfaces
13
35097
3854
ग्रहमा यति तापक्रम हुनसक्छ जसको
सतहमा पानी बग्नसक्छ-
00:50
as lakes and oceans
14
38975
1398
जस्तै: समुद्र र तालको रुपमा
00:52
where life might reside.
15
40397
1541
र त्यहाँ, जीवन हुनसक्छ
00:54
Some astronomers focus their time
and energy on finding planets
16
42787
3714
कोहि खगोलशास्त्री आफ्नो समय र
सामर्थ्य- आफ्नो ताराबाट
00:58
at these distances from their stars.
17
46525
2441
यस्तै दुरीमा रहेका ग्रहहरु खोज्नमा लगाऊछन्
01:00
What I do picks up where their job ends.
18
48990
2403
मेरो काम त्यहाँ सुरु हुन्छ. जहाँ
उनीहरुको सकिन्छ
01:03
I model the possible
climates of exoplanets.
19
51869
2984
म सौर्यमण्डल बाहिरका ग्रहको
जलवायु ढांचा निर्माण गर्छु
01:07
And here's why that's important:
20
55353
1826
यीनिहरु किन पनि महत्वपूर्ण छन् भने:
01:09
there are many factors
besides distance from its star
21
57203
3490
उसको तारासंगको दुरीभन्दा बाहेक
अरु पनि अनेक कारण छन्
01:12
that control whether
a planet can support life.
22
60717
2604
जसले ग्रहमा जीवनको सम्भावनाको
निर्धारण गर्दछन्
01:16
Take the planet Venus.
23
64297
1516
जस्तै शुक्र ग्रहको उदाहरण लिउँ
01:18
It's named after the Roman goddess
of love and beauty,
24
66646
3691
यसको नाम नै रोमकी प्रेम र सुन्दरताकी
देवीको नाम बाट राखिएको थियो,
01:22
because of its benign,
ethereal appearance in the sky.
25
70361
3610
किनकि आकाशमा यो सौम्य र अलौकिक देखिन्छ
01:26
But spacecraft measurements
revealed a different story.
26
74487
3164
तर अन्तरिक्षयानको मापनले फरक
दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत गर्यो
01:30
The surface temperature is close
to 900 degrees Fahrenheit,
27
78080
3969
यसको सतहको तापक्रम झन्डै
९०० डिग्री फरेनहाइट,
01:34
500 Celsius.
28
82073
1499
५०० सेल्सियस छ
01:36
That's hot enough to melt lead.
29
84151
2388
यो तापक्रममा त सिसा समेत पग्लिन्छ
01:39
Its thick atmosphere, not its distance
from the sun, is the reason.
30
87115
3838
सुर्यसंगको दुरी भन्दापनि घना बाताबरण
यसको कारण हो
01:42
It causes a greenhouse effect on steroids,
31
90977
3103
यसले स्टेरोइडमा ग्रीनहाउस इफेक्ट पार्छ,
01:46
trapping heat from the sun
and scorching the planet's surface.
32
94104
3640
सुर्यबाट ताप सोस्छ र ग्रहको बाहिरी
सतहलाई अत्याधिक तातो बनाउछ
01:50
The reality totally contradicted
initial perceptions of this planet.
33
98181
4547
यस ग्रहको बास्तविकता पहिले कल्पना
गरिएभन्दा बिल्कुल फरक छ
01:55
From these lessons
from our own solar system,
34
103728
2621
आफ्नै सौर्यमण्डलको यी पाठहरूबाट
01:58
we've learned that a planet's atmosphere
35
106373
2016
हामीले के सिक्यौं भने, ग्रहको बातावरण
02:00
is crucial to its climate
and potential to host life.
36
108413
3602
यसको जलवायु र जीवनको सम्भावनाको लागि,
अति महत्वपूर्ण छ
02:04
We don't know what the atmospheres
of these planets are like
37
112967
2915
यी ग्रहहरुको बातावरण कस्तो छ,
हामीलाई थाहा छैन
02:07
because the planets are so small
and dim compared to their stars
38
115906
4368
किनकी, उनीहरुको ताराको तुलनामा
यी धेरै साना र मधुरो छन्
02:12
and so far away from us.
39
120298
1665
साथै, हामी भन्दा धेरै टाढा छन्
02:14
For example, one of the closest planets
that could support surface water --
40
122500
4291
उदाहरणको लागि, पानीको सम्भावना भएको सबै
भन्दा नजिकको ग्रह हेरौं --
02:18
it's called Gliese 667 Cc --
41
126815
3357
यसको नाम हो: ग्लीस ६६७ सिसी --
02:22
such a glamorous name, right,
nice phone number for a name --
42
130196
3936
क्या आकर्षक नाम, फोन को नाम जस्तै होइन त--
02:26
it's 23 light years away.
43
134156
2435
यो २३ प्रकाश बर्ष टाढा छ
02:29
So that's more than 100 trillion miles.
44
137091
2770
अर्थात् १०० ट्रिलियन माइल भन्दा टाढा
02:32
Trying to measure
the atmospheric composition
45
140686
2313
सौर्यमंडल बाहिरको ताराको
नजिकबाट गइरहेको ग्रहको
02:35
of an exoplanet passing
in front of its host star is hard.
46
143023
4016
बातावरणिय संरचनाको बारेमा जान्नु
धेरै कठिन हुन्छ
02:39
It's like trying to see a fruit fly
47
147444
1880
यो भनेको लगभग, कारको हेड लाइट
02:41
passing in front of a car's headlight.
48
149348
2286
अगाडी बाट गैरहेको भुसुना देख्नु जस्तै हो
02:44
OK, now imagine that car
is 100 trillion miles away,
49
152126
3699
कल्पना गरौँ, त्यो कार १०० ट्रिलियन
माइल टाढा छ र तपाईं त्यो कार अगाडी
02:47
and you want to know
the precise color of that fly.
50
155849
3372
उड्दै गरेको किराको रंग
थाहा पाउन खोज्दै हुनुहुन्छ
02:52
So I use computer models
51
160618
1757
त्यसैले म कम्प्युटरको सहयोगले
02:54
to calculate the kind of atmosphere
a planet would need
52
162399
3103
कुनै ग्रहमा पानी र जीवनको सम्भावना हुन
02:57
to have a suitable climate
for water and life.
53
165526
2699
आवश्यक बाताबरणको अध्ययन गर्दछु
03:01
Here's an artist's concept
of the planet Kepler-62f,
54
169439
4112
यहाँ पृथ्वीसंग केप्लर ६२ एफ नामक ग्रहको
03:05
with the Earth for reference.
55
173575
1483
तुलना गरिएको छ
03:07
It's 1,200 light years away,
56
175507
2040
यो पृथ्वी भन्दा १२०० प्रकाश बर्ष टाढा छ
03:09
and just 40 percent larger than Earth.
57
177571
2227
र पृथ्वी भन्दा ४०% ठुलो छ
03:12
Our NSF-funded work found that it
could be warm enough for open water
58
180313
4048
हाम्रो NSF Funded कार्यले यो ग्रहको
विविध प्रकारका बातावरण र अर्बिटको बारेमा
03:16
from many types of atmospheres
and orientations of its orbit.
59
184385
4109
गरेको अध्ययनले यस ग्रह तरल पानी हुन सक्ने
प्रकारको तातो रहेको कुरा पत्ता लगाएको छ
03:20
So I'd like future telescopes
to follow up on this planet
60
188518
3133
तसर्थ म भविष्यका टेलेस्कोपहरुलाई यो
ग्रहमा जीवन सम्भाव्यताको
03:23
to look for signs of life.
61
191675
1571
अध्ययन जारी राखून भन्ने चाहन्छु
03:26
Ice on a planet's surface
is also important for climate.
62
194476
3389
ग्रहको सतहमा बरफ हुनु बातावरणीय
दृष्टिकोणले अत्ति आवश्यक हुन्छ
03:29
Ice absorbs longer,
redder wavelengths of light,
63
197889
3195
बरफले प्रकाशको लामो तथा रातो
किरणलाई सोस्दछ,
03:33
and reflects shorter, bluer light.
64
201108
2130
र छोटो निलो किरणलाई परावर्तन गर्दछ
03:35
That's why the iceberg
in this photo looks so blue.
65
203870
2889
त्यसैले यो फोटोमा हिउँको पहाड
निलो देखिएको छ
03:39
The redder light from the sun
is absorbed on its way through the ice.
66
207092
3497
सुर्यबाट आउने रातो किरण बरफमा सोसिन्छ
03:42
Only the blue light
makes it all the way to the bottom.
67
210613
2857
केवल निलो किरणमात्र बरफको पिंध सम्म पुग्छ
03:45
Then it gets reflected
back to up to our eyes
68
213947
2392
त्यसपछि यो परावर्तित भएर
हाम्रो दृष्टिमा पर्दछ
03:48
and we see blue ice.
69
216363
1576
र हामी बरफको थुप्रो निलो देख्छौं
03:50
My models show that planets
orbiting cooler stars
70
218590
2974
मेरो अध्ययनले, चिसो तारालाई घुम्ने ग्रह
03:53
could actually be warmer
than planets orbiting hotter stars.
71
221588
3168
तातो तारालाई घुम्ने ग्रहभन्दा
बढी तातो हुन सक्ने देखाउँछ
03:56
There's another contradiction --
72
224780
1539
एउटा अन्तरविरोध पनि छ:-
03:58
that ice absorbs the longer
wavelength light from cooler stars,
73
226343
3774
त्यो हो, बरफले चिसो ताराहरुबाट
आउने लामा प्रकाश तरंगलाई सोस्छ
04:02
and that light, that energy,
heats the ice.
74
230141
3108
र त्यो प्रकाश, शक्तिले बरफ तताउँछ
04:06
Using climate models to explore
75
234622
2360
जलवायु प्रविधिको प्रयोग गरेर यी
04:09
how these contradictions
can affect planetary climate
76
237006
3105
अन्तरविरोधहरुले कुनै ग्रहको जलवायुमा
पार्ने प्रभावको जानकारी हुनु
04:12
is vital to the search for life elsewhere.
77
240135
3174
कहीं पनि जीवनको खोजि गर्न आवश्यक छ
04:16
And it's no surprise
that this is my specialty.
78
244128
3177
बिना आश्चर्य, यो नै मेरो बिशेसता हो
04:19
I'm an African-American female astronomer
79
247715
2785
म अफ्रिकी-अमेरिकी महिला खगोलबिद हुनको साथै
04:22
and a classically trained actor
80
250524
2112
शास्त्रिय बिधि प्रशिक्षित अभिनेत्री हुँ
04:24
who loves to wear makeup
and read fashion magazines,
81
252660
3835
जसलाई मेकअप गर्न र फेसन म्यागेजिन
पढ्न मन पर्छ,
04:28
so I am uniquely positioned to appreciate
contradictions in nature --
82
256519
4833
तसर्थ म, बिशिस्ट ढंगले प्रकृतिको
अन्तरविरोधको सराहना गर्न सक्षम छु
04:33
(Laughter)
83
261376
1112
------ (हाँसो) --------
04:34
(Applause)
84
262512
3464
------ (ताली) --------
04:38
... and how they can inform our search
for the next planet where life exists.
85
266000
4093
......र उनीहरु जीवनको सम्भावना रहेको अन्य
ग्रहको खोजीमा सहयोग गर्न सक्छन्
04:42
My organization, Rising Stargirls,
86
270645
2508
मेरो संगठन- राईजिंग स्टारगर्ल्स,
04:45
teaches astronomy
to middle-school girls of color,
87
273177
3428
नाटक, लेखन र प्रदर्शन कलाको माध्यमले
माध्यमिक तहका
04:48
using theater, writing and visual art.
88
276629
3456
युवतीहरुलाई एस्ट्रोनोमि सिकाउछ
04:52
That's another contradiction --
science and art don't often go together,
89
280697
3977
अर्को अन्तरविरोध: बिज्ञान र कला
संग संगै जादैन,
04:56
but interweaving them can help
these girls bring their whole selves
90
284698
3802
तर तिनीहरुलाई संगै लैजादा, युवतीहरुको
05:00
to what they learn,
91
288524
1199
ज्ञान र आत्मविश्वास बढ्छ
05:01
and maybe one day join
the ranks of astronomers
92
289747
3440
र हुन सक्छ कुनै दिन खगोलबिध भएर
05:05
who are full of contradictions,
93
293211
1754
जो अन्तरविरोधले भरिपूर्ण छन्
05:06
and use their backgrounds
to discover, once and for all,
94
294989
3150
र कुनै दिन- ब्रम्हाण्डमा हामी मात्रै एक्लो
05:10
that we are truly not alone
in the universe.
95
298163
3016
छैनौ भन्ने जानकारी विश्वलाइ
दिन सक्नेछन्
05:14
Thank you.
96
302433
1151
------ (धन्यवाद) ------
05:15
(Applause)
97
303608
8816
------ (ताली) --------
Translated by Heli Paudel
Reviewed by Deepak Basyal

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aomawa Shields - Astronomer, astrobiologist, actor, writer
Aomawa Shields studies the climate and habitability of planets outside of the Solar System.

Why you should listen

Dr. Aomawa Shields received her PhD in Astronomy and Astrobiology from the University of Washington in 2014. She also received an MFA in Acting from UCLA in 2001, and a Bachelor's degree in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences from MIT in 1997. She is currently an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow, a UC President's Postdoctoral Program Fellow, and a 2015 TED Fellow at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

Dr. Shields is the founder of Rising Stargirls, an organization dedicated to encouraging girls of all colors and backgrounds to explore and discover the universe using theater, writing, and visual art. She uses her theater and writing background to communicate science to the public in engaging, innovative ways.

More profile about the speaker
Aomawa Shields | Speaker | TED.com