TED2014
David Sengeh: The sore problem of prosthetic limbs
David Sengeh: Boleč problem umetnih okončin
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Kaj je Davida Sengeha gnalo k izdelavi udobnejših protez? Odraščal je v Sierri Leone in preveč njegovih najbližjih po tamkajšnji brutalni civilni vojni pogreša okončine. Ko je opazil, da ljudje, ki proteze imajo, le-teh ne nosijo, se je odločil raziskati zakaj – in rešiti problem s svojo ekipo iz MIT Media Laba.
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineer
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was born and raised in Sierra Leone,
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Rodil sem se in odraščal v Sierri Leone,
00:17
a small and very beautiful country
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v majhni in čudoviti državi
00:19
in West Africa,
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v Zahodni Afriki,
00:21
a country rich both in physical resources
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v državi, bogati tako z materialnimi viri
00:23
and creative talent.
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kot s kreativnim talentom.
00:26
However, Sierra Leone is infamous
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Vendar pa je Sierra Leone razvpita
00:28
for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s
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zavoljo desetletne
uporniške vojne v 90-ih,
uporniške vojne v 90-ih,
00:30
when entire villages were burnt down.
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ko so bile celotne vasi požgane.
00:33
An estimated 8,000 men, women and children
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Po ocenah so 8000-im možem,
ženam in otrokom
ženam in otrokom
00:37
had their arms and legs amputated during this time.
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v tem času amputirali roke ali noge.
00:42
As my family and I ran for safety
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Ko sem s svojo družino bežal na varno,
00:45
when I was about 12 from one of those attacks,
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star približno 12 let,
pred enim od teh napadov,
pred enim od teh napadov,
00:47
I resolved that I would do everything I could
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sem dal zaobljubo, da bom naredil vse,
kar bo v moji moči,
kar bo v moji moči,
00:51
to ensure that my own children
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da poskrbim, da mojim otrokom
00:53
would not go through the
same experiences we had.
same experiences we had.
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ne bo potrebno izkusiti tega,
kar je doletelo nas.
kar je doletelo nas.
00:57
They would, in fact, be part of a Sierra Leone
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Oni bodo zares del Sierre Leone,
00:59
where war and amputation
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ko vojna in amputacije
01:02
were no longer a strategy for gaining power.
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ne bodo več del strategije
za pridobivanje moči.
za pridobivanje moči.
01:06
As I watched people who I knew, loved ones,
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Ko sem gledal znance, najdražje,
01:10
recover from this devastation,
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kako so si opomogli od opustošenja,
01:12
one thing that deeply troubled me
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me je globoko vznemirjalo to,
01:15
was that many of the amputees in the country
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da mnogi od amputirancev v državi
01:17
would not use their prostheses.
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niso uporabljali svojih protez.
01:19
The reason, I would come to find out,
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Razlog – sem izvedel –
01:21
was that their prosthetic sockets
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je bil v ležiščih za njihove proteze,
01:23
were painful because they did not fit well.
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ki so povzročala bolečine,
ker se niso dobro prilegala.
ker se niso dobro prilegala.
01:29
The prosthetic socket is the part
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Ležišče protoze je tisti del,
01:31
in which the amputee inserts their residual limb,
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kamor amputiranec
vstavi krn preostalega uda
vstavi krn preostalega uda
01:35
and which connects to the prosthetic ankle.
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in ki je povezan z umetnim gležnjem.
01:37
Even in the developed world,
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Celo v razvitem svetu
01:39
it takes a period of three weeks to often years
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traja od treh tednov dalje,
včasih več let,
včasih več let,
01:42
for a patient to get a comfortable socket, if ever.
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da pacient dobi udobno ležišče, če sploh.
01:46
Prosthetists still use conventional processes
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Protetiki še vedno uporabljajo
klasične postopke,
klasične postopke,
01:49
like molding and casting
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kot je oblikovanje kalupa in ulivanje,
01:52
to create single-material prosthetic sockets.
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da izdelajo ležišče proteze
iz enega materiala.
iz enega materiala.
01:55
Such sockets often leave intolerable amounts
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Taka ležišča pogosto pomenijo nevzdržen
01:58
of pressure on the limbs of the patient,
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pritisk na pacientove ude,
02:01
leaving them with pressure sores and blisters.
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kar povzroča razjede
zaradi pritiska in žulje.
zaradi pritiska in žulje.
02:05
It does not matter
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Ni pomembno,
02:07
how powerful your prosthetic ankle is.
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kako močan je gleženj vaše proteze.
02:10
If your prosthetic socket is uncomfortable,
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Če je njeno ležišče neudobno,
02:13
you will not use your leg,
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noge ne boste uporabljali
02:15
and that is just simply unacceptable in our age.
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in to je v današnjih časih
enostavno nesprejemljivo.
enostavno nesprejemljivo.
02:19
So one day, when I met professor Hugh Herr
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Tako sem nekega dne srečal
profesorja Hugh-a Herr-a
profesorja Hugh-a Herr-a
02:21
about two and a half years ago,
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pred približno dvema letoma in pol
02:23
and he asked me if I knew
how to solve this problem,
how to solve this problem,
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in me je vprašal, ali vem,
kako rešiti ta problem,
kako rešiti ta problem,
02:25
I said, "No, not yet,
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sem mu odgovoril: "Ne, ne še,
02:27
but I would love to figure it out."
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vendar bi rad to ugotovil."
02:30
And so, for my Ph.D. at the MIT Media Lab,
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In tako sem za svoj doktorat
na MIT Media Labu
na MIT Media Labu
02:33
I designed custom prosthetic sockets
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oblikoval ležišča za proteze po meri,
02:36
quickly and cheaply
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primerna za hitro in poceni izdelavo,
02:39
that are more comfortable
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ki so bolj udobna
02:41
than conventional prostheses.
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od klasičnih protez.
02:44
I used magnetic resonance imaging
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Uporabil sem slikanje z magnetno resonanco
02:46
to capture the actual shape of the patient's anatomy,
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za zajem dejanske oblike
pacientove anatomije,
pacientove anatomije,
02:50
then use finite element modeling to better predict
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nakar sem uporabil metodo končnih elementov
za boljšo napoved
za boljšo napoved
02:53
the internal stresses and strains
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tlakov in deformacij v notranjosti
02:55
on the normal forces,
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pri običajnih silah.
02:57
and then create a prosthetic socket for manufacture.
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In nato pripravil ležišče proteze
za izdelavo.
za izdelavo.
03:02
We use a 3D printer to create
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S 3D tiskalnikom izdelamo
03:05
a multi-material prosthetic socket
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ležišče proteze iz večih materialov,
03:09
which relieves pressure where needed
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kar razbremeni pritisk,
kjer je to potrebno
kjer je to potrebno
03:11
on the anatomy of the patient.
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glede na anatomijo pacienta.
03:15
In short, we're using data
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Skratka, z uporabo podatkov
03:18
to make novel sockets quickly and cheaply.
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lahko hitro in poceni
naredimo nova ležišča.
naredimo nova ležišča.
03:21
In a recent trial we just wrapped up
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V nedavni, pravkar končani raziskavi,
03:23
at the Media Lab,
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v Media Labu
03:25
one of our patients, a U.S. veteran
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je eden od našil pacientov, veteran ZDA,
03:28
who has been an amputee for about 20 years
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ki je amputiranec približno 20 let
03:30
and worn dozens of legs,
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in je nosil na ducate nog,
03:34
said of one of our printed parts,
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komentiral enega od natisnjenih kosov:
03:38
"It's so soft, it's like walking on pillows,
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"Tako je mehak,
kot da bi hodil po blazinah;
kot da bi hodil po blazinah;
03:41
and it's effing sexy."
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in jebe*ti, kako je seksi."
03:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:48
Disability in our age
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Invalidnost v našem času
03:51
should not prevent anyone
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ne bi smela nikomur preprečiti
03:53
from living meaningful lives.
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živeti polnega življenja.
03:55
My hope and desire is that the tools and processes
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Upam in želim si,
da bi orodja in postopki,
da bi orodja in postopki,
03:59
we develop in our research group
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ki jih razvija naša raziskovalna skupina,
04:01
can be used to bring highly functional prostheses
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služila temu, da bi te
visoko funkcionalne proteze prišle v roke
visoko funkcionalne proteze prišle v roke
04:04
to those who need them.
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tistim, ki jih potrebujejo.
04:06
For me, a place to begin healing the souls
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Sam lahko začnem celiti rane
04:11
of those affected by war and disease
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prizadetim v vojni in zaradi bolezni
04:15
is by creating comfortable and affordable interfaces
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z izdelavo udobnih in dostopnih vmesnikov
04:19
for their bodies.
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za njihovo telo.
04:21
Whether it's in Sierra Leone or in Boston,
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Bodisi v Sierri Leone bodisi v Bostonu,
04:24
I hope this not only restores
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upam, da to ne le povrne funkcije,
04:28
but indeed transforms their
sense of human potential.
sense of human potential.
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temveč temeljito preoblikuje
njihov občutek za človeški potencial.
njihov občutek za človeški potencial.
04:31
Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
04:34
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineerEven the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab.
Why you should listen
David Sengeh was born and raised in Sierra Leone, where more than 8,000 men, women and children had limbs amputated during a brutal civil war. He noticed that many people there opted not to wear a prosthesis because proper fit is such an issue.
Sengeh has pioneered a new system for creating prosthetic sockets, which fit a prothesis onto a patient's residual limb. Using MRI to map the shape, computer-assisted design to predict internal strains and 3D printing to allow for different materials to be used in different places, Sengeh is creating sockets that are far more comfortable than traditional models. These sockets can be produced cheaply and quickly, making them far more likely to help amputees across the globe.
Sengeh was named one of Forbes' 30 under 30 in Technology in 2014, and in April 2014, Sengeh won the $15,000 "Cure it!" Lemelson-MIT National Collegiate Student Prize.
David Sengeh | Speaker | TED.com