TED2012
Donald Sadoway: The missing link to renewable energy
Donald Sedovej (Donald Sadoway): Obnovljiva energija - karika koja nedostaje
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Šta je ključ za korišćenje obnovljive energije kao što je solarna ili energija vetra? Skladištenje, da bismo imali napajanje i onda kada nema sunca ili kada ne duva vetar. U ovom pristupačnom, inspirativnom govoru Donald Sedovej pokazuje budućnost velikih baterija koje skladište obnovljivu energiju. Kako on kaže: ''Moramo drugačije razmišljati o problemu. Mnogo razmišljati. Razmišljati o jeftinom rešenju."
Donald Sadoway - Materials engineer
Donald Sadoway is working on a battery miracle -- an inexpensive, incredibly efficient, three-layered battery using “liquid metal." Full bio
Donald Sadoway is working on a battery miracle -- an inexpensive, incredibly efficient, three-layered battery using “liquid metal." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The electricity powering the lights in this theater
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Struja koja napaja svetla u ovom pozorištu
00:18
was generated just moments ago.
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proizvedena je pre par trenutaka.
00:21
Because the way things stand today,
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Kako danas stoje stvari,
00:24
electricity demand must be in constant balance
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potražnja za električnom energijom
mora da bude ujednačena
sa njenim zalihama.
sa njenim zalihama.
00:27
with electricity supply.
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00:30
If in the time that it took me to walk out here on this stage,
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Da je, za vreme koje mi je trebalo
da izađem na ovu pozornicu,
da izađem na ovu pozornicu,
00:33
some tens of megawatts of wind power
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desetine megavata energije vetra
00:36
stopped pouring into the grid,
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prestalo da dotiče u mrežu,
00:39
the difference would have to be made up
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razliku bi istog trenutka nadoknadili
00:41
from other generators immediately.
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iz nekih drugih generatora.
00:45
But coal plants, nuclear plants
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Međutim, termoelektrane,
nuklearne elektrane
nuklearne elektrane
00:48
can't respond fast enough.
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ne mogu tako brzo reagovati.
00:50
A giant battery could.
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Ogromna baterija bi mogla.
00:52
With a giant battery,
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Sa nekom gigantskom baterijom
00:54
we'd be able to address the problem of intermittency
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mogli bismo da rešimo problem u prekidu
00:57
that prevents wind and solar
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koji sprečava dotok vetra
i solarne energije u mrežu
i solarne energije u mrežu
00:59
from contributing to the grid
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01:01
in the same way that coal, gas and nuclear do today.
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na način kako je to sa ugljem, gasom
i nuklearnom energijom danas.
i nuklearnom energijom danas.
01:05
You see, the battery
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Vidite, baterija je ključni uređaj ovde.
01:07
is the key enabling device here.
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01:10
With it, we could draw electricity from the sun
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Pomoću nje bismo mogli crpiti
struju od sunca
struju od sunca
01:13
even when the sun doesn't shine.
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čak i kada ono ne sija.
01:15
And that changes everything.
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To menja sve,
01:18
Because then renewables
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jer su onda obnovljivu energiju
01:20
such as wind and solar
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koja potiče od vetra ili sunca
01:22
come out from the wings,
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na ovu scenu dopremila krila.
01:24
here to center stage.
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01:26
Today I want to tell you about such a device.
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Danas želim da govorim
o jednom takvom uređaju.
o jednom takvom uređaju.
01:29
It's called the liquid metal battery.
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To je baterija od tečnog metala.
01:31
It's a new form of energy storage
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To je novi oblik skladištenja energije
01:33
that I invented at MIT
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koju sam otkrio na MIT-u
01:36
along with a team of my students
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zajedno sa timom studenata
01:38
and post-docs.
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i doktoranata.
01:40
Now the theme of this year's TED Conference is Full Spectrum.
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Tema ovogodišnje TED konferencije
je "Pun spektar".
je "Pun spektar".
01:43
The OED defines spectrum
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Oksfordski rečnik definiše spektar
01:46
as "The entire range of wavelengths
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kao "ceo niz talasnih dužina
01:49
of electromagnetic radiation,
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elektromagnetnog zračenja,
01:51
from the longest radio waves to the shortest gamma rays
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od najdužih radio talasa
do najkraćih gama zraka,
do najkraćih gama zraka,
01:54
of which the range of visible light
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od kojih je opseg vidljive svetlosti
01:57
is only a small part."
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samo jedan mali deo."
01:59
So I'm not here today only to tell you
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Nisam ovde samo da bih govorio o tome
02:01
how my team at MIT has drawn out of nature
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kako je moj tim sa MIT-a
izvukao iz prirode
izvukao iz prirode
02:04
a solution to one of the world's great problems.
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rešenje za jedan od najvećih
svetskih problema.
svetskih problema.
02:07
I want to go full spectrum and tell you how,
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Želim obuhvatiti puni spektar
02:10
in the process of developing
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i želim da vam ispričam da smo,
02:12
this new technology,
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u procesu razvoja ove nove tehnologije,
02:14
we've uncovered some surprising heterodoxies
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otkrili iznenađujuće zablude
02:17
that can serve as lessons for innovation,
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koje mogu postati nauk za inovacije,
02:20
ideas worth spreading.
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ideje vredne širenja.
02:23
And you know,
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Znate, ako želimo spasiti ovu zemlju
02:25
if we're going to get this country out of its current energy situation,
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iz trenutne energetske situacije,
02:29
we can't just conserve our way out;
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to ne možemo uraditi samo očuvanjem,
02:32
we can't just drill our way out;
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samo probijanjem,
02:35
we can't bomb our way out.
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ili samo bombardovanjem.
02:37
We're going to do it the old-fashioned American way,
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Uradićemo to na staromodni američki način,
02:39
we're going to invent our way out,
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sami ćemo pronaći svoj put inovacijama,
radeći zajedno.
radeći zajedno.
02:41
working together.
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02:43
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:46
Now let's get started.
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Hajde da počnemo.
02:48
The battery was invented about 200 years ago
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Bateriju je izumeo
pre otprilike 200 godina
pre otprilike 200 godina
02:51
by a professor, Alessandro Volta,
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profesor Alesandro Volta
02:53
at the University of Padua in Italy.
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na Univerzitetu u Padovi, Italija.
02:56
His invention gave birth to a new field of science,
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Iz ovog izuma se rodila
nova grana nauke, elektrohemija,
nova grana nauke, elektrohemija,
02:58
electrochemistry,
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03:00
and new technologies
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takođe i nove tehnologije,
03:02
such as electroplating.
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kao što je galvanizacija.
03:04
Perhaps overlooked,
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I da ne previdimo,
03:06
Volta's invention of the battery
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Voltin izum baterije
03:08
for the first time also
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prvi put je pokazao
03:10
demonstrated the utility of a professor.
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korisnost profesora.
03:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:14
Until Volta, nobody could imagine
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Do Volte, niko nije mogao zamisliti
03:16
a professor could be of any use.
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da bi profesori mogli biti korisni.
03:19
Here's the first battery --
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Evo prve baterije.
03:22
a stack of coins, zinc and silver,
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Gomila novčića, cink i srebro,
03:25
separated by cardboard soaked in brine.
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odvojeni kartonom
natopljenim u slanu vodu.
natopljenim u slanu vodu.
03:27
This is the starting point
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Ovo je početak osmišljavanja baterije -
03:29
for designing a battery --
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03:31
two electrodes,
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dve elektrode,
u ovom slučaju metali različitog sastava,
03:33
in this case metals of different composition,
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03:35
and an electrolyte,
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i elektrolit,
03:37
in this case salt dissolved in water.
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u ovom slučaju so rastvorena u vodi.
03:39
The science is that simple.
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Ta nauka je dotle jednostavna.
03:41
Admittedly, I've left out a few details.
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Doduše, izostavio sam neke detalje.
03:45
Now I've taught you
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Pokazao sam vam
03:47
that battery science is straightforward
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da je nauka o baterijama jednostavna
03:49
and the need for grid-level storage
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i postoji hitna potreba za skladištenje
na mrežnom nivou,
na mrežnom nivou,
03:51
is compelling,
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03:53
but the fact is
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ali činjenica je
03:55
that today there is simply no battery technology
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da danas ne postoji tehnologija
izrade baterija
izrade baterija
03:58
capable of meeting
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koja može da udovolji
04:00
the demanding performance requirements of the grid --
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zahtevnim specifikacijama mreže,
04:04
namely uncommonly high power,
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a to su neobično velika snaga,
04:06
long service lifetime
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dug rok trajanja
04:08
and super-low cost.
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i izuzetno niske cene.
04:10
We need to think about the problem differently.
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O problemu moramo razmisliti
na drugačiji način.
na drugačiji način.
04:13
We need to think big,
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Ono što osmislimo
04:15
we need to think cheap.
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mora biti nešto veliko, a jeftino.
04:17
So let's abandon the paradigm
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Hajde da zaboravimo ideju
04:19
of let's search for the coolest chemistry
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o potrazi za super hemikalijom
04:22
and then hopefully we'll chase down the cost curve
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i nadamo se da ćemo onda spustiti cene
04:24
by just making lots and lots of product.
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povećavanjem proizvodnje.
04:27
Instead, let's invent
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Umesto toga, otkrijmo nešto
što će cenom parirati struji.
što će cenom parirati struji.
04:29
to the price point of the electricity market.
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04:32
So that means
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To znači
da su određeni delovi periodnog sistema
04:34
that certain parts of the periodic table
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04:36
are axiomatically off-limits.
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nesumnjivo isključeni.
04:38
This battery needs to be made
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Ova baterija mora da se napravi
04:40
out of earth-abundant elements.
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od elemenata kojih ima u izobilju.
04:42
I say, if you want to make something dirt cheap,
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Ako želite napraviti nešto
što će imati prizemnu cenu,
što će imati prizemnu cenu,
04:45
make it out of dirt --
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napravite to od zemlje -
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:49
preferably dirt
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poželjno je od nečistoće
04:51
that's locally sourced.
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iz lokalne sredine.
04:54
And we need to be able to build this thing
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Za izradu ove stvari moramo koristiti
04:57
using simple manufacturing techniques and factories
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jednostavne proizvodne tehnike
05:00
that don't cost us a fortune.
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i fabrike koje ne koštaju bogatstvo.
05:04
So about six years ago,
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Pre otprilike šest godina
05:06
I started thinking about this problem.
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počeo sam da razmišljam o ovom problemu.
05:08
And in order to adopt a fresh perspective,
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Da bih usvojio novu perspektivu,
05:11
I sought inspiration from beyond the field of electricity storage.
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tražio sam inspiraciju izvan polja
skladištenja električne energije.
skladištenja električne energije.
05:15
In fact, I looked to a technology
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U stvari, tražio sam tehnologiju
05:18
that neither stores nor generates electricity,
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koja niti skladišti, niti proizvodi
električnu energiju,
električnu energiju,
05:21
but instead consumes electricity,
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već je troši u ogromnim količinama.
05:23
huge amounts of it.
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05:25
I'm talking about the production of aluminum.
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Govorim o proizvodnji aluminijuma.
05:29
The process was invented in 1886
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Postupak su otkrili 1886. godine
dva 22-godišnjaka,
dva 22-godišnjaka,
05:31
by a couple of 22-year-olds --
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05:33
Hall in the United States and Heroult in France.
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Hol iz SAD i Irol iz Francuske.
05:36
And just a few short years following their discovery,
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Samo nekoliko godina
nakon njihovog otkrića,
nakon njihovog otkrića,
05:39
aluminum changed
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aluminijum se promenio;
05:41
from a precious metal costing as much as silver
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od dragocenog metala kao što je srebro,
05:44
to a common structural material.
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postao je običan strukturni materijal.
05:47
You're looking at the cell house of a modern aluminum smelter.
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Upravo gledate osnovnu jedinicu
moderne topionice aluminijuma.
moderne topionice aluminijuma.
05:50
It's about 50 feet wide
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Široka je oko 15 metara
05:52
and recedes about half a mile --
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i prostire se na oko 800 m -
05:54
row after row of cells
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sve su to nizovi ćelija
05:57
that, inside, resemble Volta's battery,
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koje iznutra podsećaju
na Voltinu bateriju,
na Voltinu bateriju,
06:00
with three important differences.
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ali uz tri bitne razlike.
06:02
Volta's battery works at room temperature.
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Voltina baterija radi
na sobnoj temperaturi.
na sobnoj temperaturi.
06:05
It's fitted with solid electrodes
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Snabdevena je sa dve krute elektrode
06:08
and an electrolyte that's a solution of salt and water.
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i elektrolitom, rastvorom soli i vode.
06:11
The Hall-Heroult cell
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Ćelija Hol-Irol
06:13
operates at high temperature,
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radi na visokoj temperaturi,
06:15
a temperature high enough
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dovoljno visokoj
06:17
that the aluminum metal product is liquid.
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da aluminijum pretvori u tečnost.
06:19
The electrolyte
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Elektrolit nije rastvor soli i vode,
06:21
is not a solution of salt and water,
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06:23
but rather salt that's melted.
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već istopljena so.
06:25
It's this combination of liquid metal,
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Ovo je kombinacija tečnog metala,
06:27
molten salt and high temperature
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otopljene soli i visoke temperature,
06:30
that allows us to send high current through this thing.
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i ono omogućava protok jake struje.
06:34
Today, we can produce virgin metal from ore
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Danas se može proizvesti
primarni metal iz ruda
primarni metal iz ruda
06:37
at a cost of less than 50 cents a pound.
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po ceni manjoj od 50 centi
za otprilike pola kilograma.
za otprilike pola kilograma.
06:40
That's the economic miracle
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To je ekonomsko čudo
06:42
of modern electrometallurgy.
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savremene elektrometalurgije.
06:44
It is this that caught and held my attention
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Ovo je privuklo i držalo
moju pažnju do te mere
moju pažnju do te mere
06:47
to the point that I became obsessed with inventing a battery
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da sam postao opsednut izumom baterije
06:51
that could capture this gigantic economy of scale.
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koja bi mogla da zgrne ovakav
giganstski ekonomski rast.
giganstski ekonomski rast.
06:55
And I did.
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I uspeo sam.
06:57
I made the battery all liquid --
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Napravio sam tečnu bateriju -
07:00
liquid metals for both electrodes
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obe elektrode od tečnog metala
07:02
and a molten salt for the electrolyte.
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i rastopljena so kao elektrolit.
07:04
I'll show you how.
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Sad ću da vam pokažem.
07:24
So I put low-density
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Tako sam stavio
tečni metal niske gustine na vrh,
07:27
liquid metal at the top,
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07:31
put a high-density liquid metal at the bottom,
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tečni metal visoke gustine na dno,
07:37
and molten salt in between.
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a između je otopljena so.
07:43
So now,
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E sada,
07:45
how to choose the metals?
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kako izabrati metale?
07:48
For me, the design exercise
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Za mene,
stvaranje uvek počinje ovde,
07:50
always begins here
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07:52
with the periodic table,
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sa periodnim sistemom,
07:54
enunciated by another professor,
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koji je objavio još jedan profesor,
07:56
Dimitri Mendeleyev.
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Dmitrij Mendeljejev.
07:58
Everything we know
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Sve što poznajemo
08:00
is made of some combination
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je neka kombinacija
08:02
of what you see depicted here.
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onoga što je ovde prikazano.
08:05
And that includes our own bodies.
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To uključuje i naša tela.
08:07
I recall the very moment one day
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Sećam se jednog trenutka
08:10
when I was searching for a pair of metals
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kada sam tražio par metala
08:13
that would meet the constraints
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kojih ima u izobilju
08:15
of earth abundance,
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na zemlji,
08:17
different, opposite density
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koji su različiti, suprotne gustine
08:20
and high mutual reactivity.
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i u međusobnoj su reakciji.
08:22
I felt the thrill of realization
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Bio sam uzbuđen kad sam shvatio
08:24
when I knew I'd come upon the answer.
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da sam blizu odgovora.
08:29
Magnesium for the top layer.
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Magnezijum za gornji sloj.
08:32
And antimony
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Antimon za donji sloj.
08:34
for the bottom layer.
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08:37
You know, I've got to tell you,
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Moram da vam kažem
08:39
one of the greatest benefits of being a professor:
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šta je najveća korist od toga
što ste profesor -
što ste profesor -
08:42
colored chalk.
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krede u boji.
08:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:47
So to produce current,
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Da bi proizveo struju,
08:50
magnesium loses two electrons
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magnezijum gubi dva elektrona
08:52
to become magnesium ion,
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da bi postao jon,
08:55
which then migrates across the electrolyte,
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koji se zatim kreće kroz elektrolit,
08:57
accepts two electrons from the antimony,
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prihvata dva elektrona od antimona,
09:00
and then mixes with it to form an alloy.
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a zatim se meša s njim i stvara leguru.
09:03
The electrons go to work
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Elektroni funkcionišu
09:05
in the real world out here,
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u stvarnom svetu,
09:08
powering our devices.
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napajajući naše uređaje.
09:14
Now to charge the battery,
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Da bismo napunili bateriju,
09:17
we connect a source of electricity.
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povezujemo je na struju.
09:20
It could be something like a wind farm.
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Može da potiče od vetrenjača.
09:24
And then we reverse the current.
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Zatim pretvaramo struju.
09:28
And this forces magnesium to de-alloy
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Ovo primorava magnezijum
da se odvoji iz legure
da se odvoji iz legure
09:33
and return to the upper electrode,
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i vrati na gornju elektrodu
09:36
restoring the initial constitution of the battery.
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i ponovo se uspostavlja
početno stanje baterije.
početno stanje baterije.
09:41
And the current passing between the electrodes
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Struja koja prolazi između elektroda
09:44
generates enough heat to keep it at temperature.
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proizvodi dovoljno toplote
da održava temperaturu.
da održava temperaturu.
09:47
It's pretty cool,
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To je sjajno,
09:50
at least in theory.
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makar teoretski.
09:52
But does it really work?
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Međutim, da li zaista radi?
09:54
So what to do next?
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Šta dalje?
09:56
We go to the laboratory.
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Idemo u laboratoriju.
09:58
Now do I hire seasoned professionals?
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Da li angažujem iskusne profesionalce?
10:02
No, I hire a student
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Ne, angažujem studenta,
10:05
and mentor him,
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nadgledam,
10:07
teach him how to think about the problem,
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podučavam ga kako da razmišlja o problemu,
10:10
to see it from my perspective
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da ga vidi iz moje perspektive,
10:12
and then turn him loose.
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a onda ga pustim.
10:14
This is that student, David Bradwell,
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Ovo je taj student, Dejvid Bradvel,
10:16
who, in this image,
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koji na ovoj slici
10:18
appears to be wondering if this thing will ever work.
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izgleda kao da se pita
da li će ovo ikad proraditi.
da li će ovo ikad proraditi.
10:21
What I didn't tell David at the time
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Tada nisam rekao Dejvidu
10:23
was I myself wasn't convinced it would work.
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da ni sam nisam ubeđen u to.
10:26
But David's young and he's smart
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Međutim, Dejvid je mlad, pametan,
želi doktorat
želi doktorat
10:28
and he wants a Ph.D.,
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10:30
and he proceeds to build --
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i počinje da radi -
10:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:34
He proceeds to build
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Počinje da pravi
10:36
the first ever liquid metal battery
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prvu bateriju od tečnog metala
ovakvog hemijskog sastava.
ovakvog hemijskog sastava.
10:38
of this chemistry.
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10:40
And based on David's initial promising results,
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Na osnovu Dejvidovih početnih rezultata,
koji su obećavali,
koji su obećavali,
10:43
which were paid
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i bili plaćeni sredstvima MIT-a,
10:45
with seed funds at MIT,
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10:48
I was able to attract major research funding
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uspeo sam da nađem sponzore
10:51
from the private sector
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iz privatnog sektora i od vlade.
10:53
and the federal government.
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10:55
And that allowed me to expand my group to 20 people,
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Tako sam mogao
da proširim tim na 20 ljudi,
da proširim tim na 20 ljudi,
10:58
a mix of graduate students, post-docs
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koji su bili diplomci, naučnici
11:00
and even some undergraduates.
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ili čak pred diplomom.
11:02
And I was able to attract really, really good people,
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Privukao sam stvarno dobre ljude,
11:05
people who share my passion
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one koji su delili moju strast za naukom
11:07
for science and service to society,
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i za služenjem društvu,
11:09
not science and service for career building.
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a ne za izgradnju karijere.
11:13
And if you ask these people
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Ako pitate ove ljude
11:15
why they work on liquid metal battery,
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zašto rade na baterijama od tečnog metala,
11:17
their answer would hearken back
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njihov odgovor podseća
11:19
to President Kennedy's remarks
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na opasku predsednika Kenedija
11:21
at Rice University in 1962
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na Rajs Univerzitetu 1962. godine,
11:24
when he said -- and I'm taking liberties here --
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kada je rekao, a sada parafraziram:
11:26
"We choose to work on grid-level storage,
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"Radimo na mrežnom skladištenju
11:28
not because it is easy,
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ne zato što je to lako,
11:30
but because it is hard."
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nego zato što je to teško."
11:32
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
11:39
So this is the evolution of the liquid metal battery.
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Ovo je evolucija baterije
sa tečnim metalom.
sa tečnim metalom.
11:42
We start here with our workhorse one watt-hour cell.
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Počinjemo sa radnom mašinom
od jedan vat po satu.
od jedan vat po satu.
11:45
I called it the shotglass.
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Nazvao sam je čašicom.
11:47
We've operated over 400 of these,
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Uradili smo više od 400 komada,
11:50
perfecting their performance with a plurality of chemistries --
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usavršavali izvedbu mnoštvom hemikalija,
11:53
not just magnesium and antimony.
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ne samo magnezijumom i antimonom.
11:55
Along the way we scaled up to the 20 watt-hour cell.
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Dostigli smo 20 vat-sati po ćeliji.
11:58
I call it the hockey puck.
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Zovem je "hokejski pak".
12:00
And we got the same remarkable results.
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Postigli smo značajne rezultate.
12:02
And then it was onto the saucer.
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To je već bio "tanjirić".
12:04
That's 200 watt-hours.
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To je dvesta vat-sati.
12:06
The technology was proving itself
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Pokazalo se da je ta tehnologija
12:08
to be robust and scalable.
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snažna i prilagodljiva,
12:11
But the pace wasn't fast enough for us.
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ali nismo napredovali dovoljno brzo.
12:13
So a year and a half ago,
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Pre godinu i po
12:15
David and I,
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Dejvid i ja sa ostalim članovima tima,
12:17
along with another research staff-member,
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12:19
formed a company
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osnovali smo kompaniju
da bismo ubrzali napredak
12:21
to accelerate the rate of progress
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12:23
and the race to manufacture product.
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i trku u proizvodnji.
12:25
So today at LMBC,
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Danas u LMBC-u
12:27
we're building cells 16 inches in diameter
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proizvodimo ćelije prečnika 40 cm
12:29
with a capacity of one kilowatt-hour --
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sa kapacitetom od jedan kilovat-sati,
12:31
1,000 times the capacity
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što je hiljadu puta više
od početne čašice.
od početne čašice.
12:34
of that initial shotglass cell.
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12:36
We call that the pizza.
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Sad je već nazivamo "pica".
12:38
And then we've got a four kilowatt-hour cell on the horizon.
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Sad već imamo u izgledu ćeliju
od četiri kilovat-sati.
od četiri kilovat-sati.
12:41
It's going to be 36 inches in diameter.
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Biće 90 cm u prečniku.
12:43
We call that the bistro table,
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To nazivamo "kafanski sto",
12:45
but it's not ready yet for prime-time viewing.
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ali još nismo spremni da prikažemo.
12:47
And one variant of the technology
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Jedna od varijanti je
12:49
has us stacking these bistro tabletops into modules,
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da sastavimo ove tzv. kafanske stolove
u module,
u module,
12:53
aggregating the modules into a giant battery
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da ih spojimo u jednu ogromnu bateriju
12:56
that fits in a 40-foot shipping container
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koja bi stala u prostor dužine 12 m,
12:58
for placement in the field.
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a koji bi mogao da stoji na otvorenom.
13:00
And this has a nameplate capacity of two megawatt-hours --
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Ovo ima kapacitet dva megavat-sati,
13:03
two million watt-hours.
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dva miliona vat-sati.
13:05
That's enough energy
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To je energija koja je dovoljna
13:07
to meet the daily electrical needs
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da zadovolji dnevne potrebe za strujom
13:09
of 200 American households.
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za 200 domaćinstava u Americi.
13:11
So here you have it, grid-level storage:
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To je, dakle, mrežno skladištenje -
13:14
silent, emissions-free,
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bešumno, bez štetne emisije,
13:17
no moving parts,
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bez pokretnih delova,
13:19
remotely controlled,
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sa daljinskim upravljanjem,
13:21
designed to the market price point
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proizvedeno po tržišnoj ceni,
13:24
without subsidy.
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bez subvencije.
13:27
So what have we learned from all this?
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Šta smo naučili iz ovoga?
13:29
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
13:35
So what have we learned from all this?
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Šta smo naučili?
13:37
Let me share with you
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Reći ću vam nešto
13:39
some of the surprises, the heterodoxies.
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o iznenađenjima, zabludama.
13:42
They lie beyond the visible.
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One se ne vide.
13:44
Temperature:
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Temperatura -
13:46
Conventional wisdom says set it low,
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po opštem saznanju treba da je niska,
13:48
at or near room temperature,
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približna sobnoj temperaturi,
13:50
and then install a control system to keep it there.
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i potrebno je instalirati sistem
koji će to održavati.
koji će to održavati.
13:53
Avoid thermal runaway.
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treba izbeći gubitak temperature.
13:55
Liquid metal battery is designed to operate at elevated temperature
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Baterija od tečnog metala treba
da radi na visokoj temperaturi
da radi na visokoj temperaturi
13:58
with minimum regulation.
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uz mimimalnu regulaciju.
14:01
Our battery can handle the very high temperature rises
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Naša baterija podnosi visoke
temperaturne promene
temperaturne promene
14:04
that come from current surges.
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koje potiču od prenapona struje.
14:08
Scaling: Conventional wisdom says
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Skaliranje - opšte je prihvaćeno
da cenu treba smanjiti
povećanjem proizvodnje.
povećanjem proizvodnje.
14:11
reduce cost by producing many.
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14:13
Liquid metal battery is designed to reduce cost
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Tečna baterija se proizvodi
uz umanjene troškove,
uz umanjene troškove,
14:16
by producing fewer, but they'll be larger.
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kroz proizvodnju manjeg broja,
ali će biti veće.
ali će biti veće.
14:19
And finally, human resources:
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Konačno, ljudski resursi -
14:21
Conventional wisdom says
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opšte je poznato
da treba zaposliti stručnjake,
da treba zaposliti stručnjake,
14:23
hire battery experts,
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14:25
seasoned professionals,
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iskusne profesionalce,
14:27
who can draw upon their vast experience and knowledge.
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koji se oslanjaju
na svoje ogromno iskustvo i znanje.
na svoje ogromno iskustvo i znanje.
14:30
To develop liquid metal battery,
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Da bismo razvili bateriju od tečnog metala
14:32
I hired students and post-docs and mentored them.
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zaposlio sam post-doktorante
i usmeravao sam ih.
i usmeravao sam ih.
14:35
In a battery,
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Što se tiče baterije,
14:37
I strive to maximize electrical potential;
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nastojim da električni potencijal
dovedem do najviše tačke;
dovedem do najviše tačke;
14:40
when mentoring,
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kada sam mentor, do najviše tačke
dovodim ljudski potencijal.
dovodim ljudski potencijal.
14:42
I strive to maximize human potential.
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14:44
So you see,
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Eto, vidite,
14:46
the liquid metal battery story
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priča o bateriji sa tečnim metalom
14:48
is more than an account
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je više od izveštaja
o pronalasku nove tehnologije.
o pronalasku nove tehnologije.
14:50
of inventing technology,
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14:52
it's a blueprint
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To je plan za otkrivanje inovatora,
u punom spektru.
u punom spektru.
14:54
for inventing inventors, full-spectrum.
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14:57
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Donald Sadoway - Materials engineerDonald Sadoway is working on a battery miracle -- an inexpensive, incredibly efficient, three-layered battery using “liquid metal."
Why you should listen
The problem at the heart of many sustainable-energy systems: How to store power so it can be delivered to the grid all the time, day and night, even when the wind's not blowing and the sun's not shining? At MIT, Donald Sadoway has been working on a grid-size battery system that stores energy using a three-layer liquid-metal core. With help from fans like Bill Gates, Sadoway and two of his students have spun off the Liquid Metals Battery Corporation (LMBC) to bring the battery to market.
Donald Sadoway | Speaker | TED.com