TED2011
Marcin Jakubowski: Open-sourced blueprints for civilization
马尔钦•雅库博夫斯基: 开放资源促进文明的蓝图
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TED研究员马尔钦•雅库博夫斯基利用维基和数码制作工具，正在将50种农业机器的蓝图制成开放源，使得人们都能够按照这些蓝图自己制造拖拉机或收割机。而这仅仅是这个项目的开端。这个项目的目标是编写一套可用于帮助建造一个可自我维持的农场的指导书。(启动资金：1万美元）。
Marcin Jakubowski - Farmer and technologist
Marcin Jakubowski is open-sourcing a set of blueprints for 50 farming tools that can be built cheaply from scratch. Call it a "civilization starter kit." Full bio
Marcin Jakubowski is open-sourcing a set of blueprints for 50 farming tools that can be built cheaply from scratch. Call it a "civilization starter kit." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Hi, my name is Marcin --
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我的名字叫麦新--
00:18
farmer, technologist.
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我是个农民，也是个技术人员。
00:20
I was born in Poland, now in the U.S.
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我出生在波兰，现在住在美国。
00:23
I started a group called Open Source Ecology.
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我发起了一个叫开放资源生态的团队。
00:26
We've identified the 50 most important machines
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我们认定了50个最重要的机器
00:28
that we think it takes for modern life to exist --
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我们觉得它们是现代生活的得以存在的关键--
00:31
things from tractors,
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从拖拉机，
00:33
bread ovens, circuit makers.
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面包烤炉，电子线路的制造。
00:35
Then we set out to create
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然后我们决定创造一个
00:37
an open source, DIY, do it yourself version
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开源的，开发自创版机器的项目
00:40
that anyone can build and maintain
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任何人都用很少的一部分费用
00:42
at a fraction of the cost.
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来制造和维护这些机器
00:44
We call this the Global Village Construction Set.
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我们称其为全球农村制造组件。
00:46
So let me tell you a story.
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让我来告诉你们一个故事。
00:48
So I finished my 20s
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我20多岁的时候完成了
00:50
with a Ph.D. in fusion energy,
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聚变能源博士学位，
00:52
and I discovered I was useless.
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我发现我一无用处。
00:55
I had no practical skills.
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我没有什么实用技能。
00:57
The world presented me with options,
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这个世界为我提供了选择，
00:59
and I took them.
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我就接受挑战。
01:01
I guess you can call it the consumer lifestyle.
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我猜你们也许把它称为消费者的生活模式。
01:03
So I started a farm in Missouri
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所以我在密苏里建了一个农场
01:06
and learned about the economics of farming.
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学习农业经济。
01:09
I bought a tractor -- then it broke.
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我买了一个拖拉机-然后坏了。
01:12
I paid to get it repaired --
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我付钱修好--
01:14
then it broke again.
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接着又坏了。
01:16
Then pretty soon,
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不久
01:18
I was broke too.
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我自己也破产了。
01:20
I realized
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我认识到
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that the truly appropriate, low-cost tools that I needed
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我需要用来开创可持续农场和事业的
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to start a sustainable farm and settlement
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真正合适，廉价的工具
01:28
just didn't exist yet.
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还不存在。
01:30
I needed tools that were robust, modular,
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我需要的工具是牢固的，模具化的，
01:33
highly efficient and optimized,
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高效的，优化的，
01:35
low-cost,
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低成本的，
01:37
made from local and recycled materials that would last a lifetime,
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用当地可循环利用的材料制造的，可长期使用的，
01:40
not designed for obsolescence.
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而不是为了更新换代而设计的。
01:42
I found that I would have to build them myself.
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我发现我只能自己来制造这些工具。
01:45
So I did just that.
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于是我就动手做了。
01:48
And I tested them.
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我对它们做了测试。
01:51
And I found that industrial productivity
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接着我发现工业化（机器）的效率
01:54
can be achieved on a small scale.
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用小型机器也能达到。
01:57
So then I published the 3D designs,
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于是我发表了三维设计的，
02:00
schematics,
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图纸，
02:02
instructional videos and budgets
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视频指导录像和预算方式
02:05
on a wiki.
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我把它放在维基上。
02:07
Then contributors from all over the world
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接着来自世界各地的参与者
02:09
began showing up, prototyping new machines
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纷纷涌现，并在专门项目的访问其间
02:12
during dedicated project visits.
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制造了新机器的样品。
02:14
So far, we have prototyped eight of the 50 machines.
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目前，我们已经完成了50种机器里的8种样品。
02:17
And now the project
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现在这个项目
02:19
is beginning to grow on its own.
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已经开始独立成熟。
02:22
We know that open source has succeeded
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我们知道开源工具
02:24
with tools for managing knowledge and creativity.
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在管理学知识和创造力开发方面很成功。
02:27
And the same is starting to happen with hardware too.
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同时硬件也开始一样成熟
02:30
We're focusing on hardware
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我们专注于硬件
02:32
because it is hardware that can change people's lives
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是因为硬件对改变人们的生活
02:35
in such tangible material ways.
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带来了实质性的影响。
02:38
If we can lower the barriers to farming, building, manufacturing,
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如果我们能够减低农业，建筑和制造业的门槛，
02:41
then we can unleash just massive amounts of human potential.
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我们可以激发人类的巨大潜力。
02:44
That's not only in the developing world.
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这不只是针对发展中国家。
02:47
Our tools are being made
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我们的工具造出来也是给
02:49
for the American farmer, builder, entrepreneur, maker.
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美国的农民，建筑工，企业家和制造商使用的。
02:52
We've seen lots of excitement from these people,
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我们发现他们对此都非常兴奋，
02:54
who can now start a construction business,
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他们可以用以创办制造公司，
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parts manufacturing,
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零件制造，
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organic CSA
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有机的社区支持型农业
03:00
or just selling power back to the grid.
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或将能源卖给电网。
03:04
Our goal is a repository of published designs
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我们的目标是建一个公开的设计库
03:06
so clear, so complete,
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清晰并完整，
03:08
that a single burned DVD
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使得一张烧录的DVD
03:10
is effectively a civilization starter kit.
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就能成为高效的文明启动工具箱。
03:16
I've planted a hundred trees in a day.
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我曾在一天内种了几百棵树。
03:19
I've pressed 5,000 bricks in one day
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我也曾在一天内压制了5000块砖
03:22
from the dirt beneath my feet
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就用我脚下的泥土
03:26
and built a tractor in six days.
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也曾花6天时间造了一辆拖拉机。
03:29
From what I've seen, this is only the beginning.
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依我所见，这只是一个开始。
03:32
If this idea is truly sound,
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如果这个想法真的是合理的，
03:35
then the implications are significant.
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那么它会产生深远的影响。
03:38
A greater distribution of the means of production,
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生产方式的广泛的传播，
03:41
environmentally sound supply chains,
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合理的生态供应链，
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and a newly relevant DIY maker culture
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一个新的自制文化
03:48
can hope to transcend
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有望超越
03:50
artificial scarcity.
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人为的缺陷。
03:53
We're exploring the limits
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我们都在探索
03:55
of what we all can do to make a better world
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利用开放性硬件技术
03:58
with open hardware technology.
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我们如何才能突破限制从而创造更美好的世界。
04:00
Thank you.
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谢谢。
04:02
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marcin Jakubowski - Farmer and technologistMarcin Jakubowski is open-sourcing a set of blueprints for 50 farming tools that can be built cheaply from scratch. Call it a "civilization starter kit."
Why you should listen
Declaring that, "We can lead self-sustaining lives without sacrificing our standard of living," Marcin Jakubowski believes that only by opening the means of production can we achieve abundance for all. Though he has a Ph.D. in fusion physics, he became dissatisfied with its remoteness, and turned back to the earth as a farmer and social innovator.
He is the founder of Open Source Ecology, which is creating the Global Village Construction Set — the blueprints for simple fabrication of everything needed to start a self-sustaining village. At Factor e Farm in rural Missouri, he's been successfully putting those ideas to the test.
Marcin Jakubowski | Speaker | TED.com