ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Rossiter - Roboticist
Jonathan Rossiter develops soft robotic technologies and turns them into real robots and smart machines for engineers, musicians, doctors and artists.

Why you should listen

Jonathan Rossiter is Professor of Robotics at University of Bristol, and heads the Soft Robotics Group at Bristol Robotics Laboratory. His group researches soft robotics: robots and machines that go beyond conventional rigid and motorized technologies into the world of smart materials, reactive polymers biomimetics and compliant structures. Because they're soft, these robots are inherently safe for interaction with the human body and with the natural environment. They can be used to deliver new healthcare treatments, wearable and assistance devices, and human-interface technologies. They wide impact from furniture to fashion and from space systems to environmental cleanup.  They can even be made biodegradable and edible.

Currently a major focus of Rossiter's work is on the development of soft robotic replacement organs for cancer and trauma sufferers and on smart "trousers" to help older people stay mobile for longer.


More profile about the speaker
Jonathan Rossiter | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxWarwick

Jonathan Rossiter: A robot that eats pollution

乔纳森·罗斯特: 吃污染物的机器人

Filmed:
1,337,180 views

“划水机器人”,一种清除污染物并且靠吃污染物自行发电的机器人。机器人专家乔纳森·罗斯特解释了这种特殊的游泳机器人,它使用微生物燃料电池,能中和爆发的藻类和油污,它会成为可生物降解、自主对抗污染物的机器人的先驱。
- Roboticist
Jonathan Rossiter develops soft robotic technologies and turns them into real robots and smart machines for engineers, musicians, doctors and artists. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Hi你好, I'm an engineer工程师
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大家好,我是一名工程师,
00:14
and I make robots机器人.
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我是做机器人的。
当然了,你们都知道什么是机器人,
00:16
Now, of course课程 you all know
what a robot机器人 is, right?
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如果你不知道,
可能会去谷歌搜索一下,
00:19
If you don't, you'd probably大概 go to Google谷歌,
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问问谷歌,什么是机器人?
00:21
and you'd ask Google谷歌 what a robot机器人 is.
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咱们用谷歌搜一下。
00:23
So let's do that.
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这就是我们在谷歌上得到的。
00:25
We'll go to Google谷歌
and this is what we get.
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你会发现这里有很多
不同样式的机器人,
00:28
Now, you can see here there are
lots of different不同 types类型 of robots机器人,
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但它们的结构
主要是模仿人类的,
00:31
but they're predominantly主要
humanoid人形 in structure结构体.
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而且看上去都是常规的样子,
00:35
And they look pretty漂亮 conventional常规
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因为它们有塑料、有金属,
00:37
because they've他们已经 got plastic塑料,
they've他们已经 got metal金属,
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还有发动机、齿轮等等。
00:39
they've他们已经 got motors马达 and gears齿轮 and so on.
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有些机器人看起来很友善,
00:41
Some of them look quite相当 friendly友善,
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你可以过去抱一下。
00:43
and you could go up
and you could hug拥抱 them.
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也有些看起来不怎么友善,
00:45
Some of them not so friendly友善,
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就像是从电影《终结者》里
直接走出来的一样。
00:47
they look like they're
straight直行 out of "Terminator终结者,"
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其实,他们可能
真的就从《终结者》来的。
00:49
in fact事实 they may可能 well be
straight直行 out of "Terminator终结者."
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有了这些机器人,
你可以做很多很酷的事情——
00:52
You can do lots of really cool
things with these robots机器人 --
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还有很刺激的事情。
00:54
you can do really exciting扣人心弦 stuff东东.
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但我想去关注另一种机器人——
00:56
But I'd like to look
at different不同 kinds of robots机器人 --
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我想做不同种类的机器人。
00:59
I want to make different不同 kinds of robots机器人.
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给我灵感的东西
看起来并不像我们人类,
01:01
And I take inspiration灵感
from the things that don't look like us,
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而是像这些。
01:04
but look like these.
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这些便是自然生物有机体,
01:06
So these are natural自然 biological生物 organisms生物
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它们能做很多很酷的事、
01:09
and they do some
really cool things that we can't,
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我们和现有的机器人
都做不到的事。
01:11
and current当前 robots机器人 can't either.
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它们能做的很厉害的事
包括在地面上到处走;
01:14
They do all sorts排序 of great things
like moving移动 around on the floor地板;
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去花园,吃农作物;
01:17
they go into our gardens花园
and they eat our crops作物;
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爬树;
01:19
they climb trees树木;
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出入水面;
01:21
they go in water, they come out of water;
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捕捉并消化昆虫等等。
01:23
they trap陷阱 insects昆虫 and digest消化 them.
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所以说,它们所能做的事很有趣。
01:26
So they do really interesting有趣 things.
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它们出生、呼吸、死亡,
01:27
They live生活, they breathe呼吸, they die,
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他们也从自然环境中摄取食物。
01:31
they eat things from the environment环境.
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这都是我们现有的机器人所不能做的。
01:33
Our current当前 robots机器人 don't really do that.
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那么,如果我们可以
把这些特性的一部分
01:35
Now, wouldn't不会 it be great
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01:36
if you could use some of those
characteristics特点 in future未来 robots机器人
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放到未来的机器人身上,
01:40
so that you could solve解决
some really interesting有趣 problems问题?
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来解决一些很有趣的问题,会不会很棒?
下面讨论几个环境问题,
01:43
I'm going to look at a couple一对 of problems问题
now in the environment环境
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我们可以在这些环境中
01:46
where we can use
the skills技能 and the technologies技术
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应用这些动植物
拥有的能力和技巧
01:49
derived派生 from these animals动物
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01:51
and from the plants植物,
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来解决这些问题。
01:52
and we can use them
to solve解决 those problems问题.
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我们来看两个环境问题。
01:54
Let's have a look
at two environmental环境的 problems问题.
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都是人类造成的——
01:57
They're both of our making制造 --
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这是人类与环境相互作用,
01:59
this is man interacting互动
with the environment环境
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造成的一些不怎么好的后果。
02:01
and doing some rather unpleasant不愉快 things.
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第一个问题与人口压力有关。
02:04
The first one is to do
with the pressure压力 of population人口.
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世界人口的压力
02:08
Such这样 is the pressure压力
of population人口 around the world世界
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要求农业生产更多农作物。
02:10
that agriculture农业 and farming农业 is required需要
to produce生产 more and more crops作物.
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要做到这一点,
02:15
Now, to do that,
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农民需要对土地
使用越来越多的化学品。
02:16
farmers农民 put more and more
chemicals化学制品 onto the land土地.
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他们使用的包括
肥料、硝酸盐、农药——
02:18
They put on fertilizers化肥,
nitrates硝酸盐, pesticides农药 --
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各种促进农作物生长的东西,
02:21
all sorts排序 of things
that encourage鼓励 the growth发展 of the crops作物,
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但这也有负面影响。
02:25
but there are some negative impacts影响.
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其中一个负面影响是,
如果在田里施很多肥料,
02:27
One of the negative impacts影响 is
if you put lots of fertilizer肥料 on the land土地,
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作物并不能吸收所有的肥料。
02:30
not all of it goes into the crops作物.
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很多肥料会留在土壤里,
02:33
Lots of it stays入住 in the soil,
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然后下雨时,
02:35
and then when it rains降雨,
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这些化学品流进地下水。
02:37
these chemicals化学制品 go into the water table.
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顺着地下水,
02:39
And in the water table,
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进入小溪、湖泊、河流,
02:41
then they go into streams,
into lakes湖泊, into rivers河流
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最后进入海洋。
02:44
and into the sea.
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当这些化学品、硝酸盐
02:46
Now, if you put all
of these chemicals化学制品, these nitrates硝酸盐,
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进入环境中时,
02:49
into those kinds of environments环境,
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生活在这些环境里的生物
就会受到影响——
02:50
there are organisms生物 in those environments环境
that will be affected受影响 by that --
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比如藻类。
02:54
algae藻类, for example.
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藻类热爱硝酸盐,它喜欢肥料,
02:56
Algae藻类 loves nitrates硝酸盐, it loves fertilizer肥料,
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所以它吸收这些化学品。
02:58
so it will take in all these chemicals化学制品,
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条件适宜时,藻类大量繁殖,
03:00
and if the conditions条件 are right,
it will mass produce生产.
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繁殖出一堆一堆的新藻。
03:03
It will produce生产 masses群众
and masses群众 of new algae藻类.
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这叫做爆藻。
03:06
That's called a bloom盛开.
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麻烦的是,藻类这样繁殖时,
03:07
The trouble麻烦 is that
when algae藻类 reproduces再现 like this,
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会耗尽水中的氧气。
03:10
it starves忍饥挨饿的 the water of oxygen.
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氧气一旦耗尽,
03:13
As soon不久 as you do that,
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水中其它生物就无法生存。
03:14
the other organisms生物
in the water can't survive生存.
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那怎么办?
03:18
So, what do we do?
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我们尝试制造
会吃水藻的机器人,
03:20
We try to produce生产 a robot机器人
that will eat the algae藻类,
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能把水藻吃光,又很安全。
03:24
consume消耗 it and make it safe安全.
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这是第一个问题。
03:26
So that's the first problem问题.
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而第二个问题也是人类的杰作,
03:27
The second第二 problem问题 is also of our making制造,
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是油污染。
03:30
and it's to do with oil pollution污染.
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我们的发动机、船只
03:32
Now, oil comes out
of the engines引擎 that we use,
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都会释放出油类。
03:36
the boats that we use.
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有时候油轮把油箱里的物质排进海里,
03:37
Sometimes有时 tankers油轮
flush红晕 their oil tanks坦克 into the sea,
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油就这样进入海水。
03:41
so oil is released发布 into the sea that way.
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如果我们可以使用
能吃掉油污染物的机器人,
03:43
Wouldn't岂不 it be nice不错
if we could treat对待 that in some way
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03:45
using运用 robots机器人 that could eat the pollution污染
the oil fields领域 have produced生成?
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那是不是很美好?
这就是我们正在做的。
03:51
So that's what we do.
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03:52
We make robots机器人 that will eat pollution污染.
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我们做的是
能吃掉污染物的机器人。
为了实际造出这种机器人,
03:55
To actually其实 make the robot机器人,
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我们从两种生物中获取灵感。
03:57
we take inspiration灵感 from two organisms生物.
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右边那张是姥鲨。
04:00
On the right there
you see the basking shark鲨鱼.
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姥鲨是大型鲨鱼,
04:02
The basking shark鲨鱼 is a massive大规模的 shark鲨鱼.
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它是非肉食动物,
所以你可以跟它一起游泳,
04:05
It's noncarnivorousnoncarnivorous,
so you can swim游泳 with it,
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04:07
as you can see.
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就像这样。
姥鲨张着大嘴,
04:09
And the basking shark鲨鱼 opens打开 its mouth,
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游过水面,收集浮游生物。
04:10
and it swims游泳 through通过 the water,
collecting搜集 plankton浮游生物.
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同时,它消化食物,
04:14
As it does that, it digests摘要 the food餐饮,
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在体内产生能量,赖以继续活动。
04:17
and then it uses使用 that energy能源
in its body身体 to keep moving移动.
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那么,我们能不能
做个这样的机器人 --
04:21
So, could we make a robot机器人 like that --
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像姥鲨一样在水里慢慢前进
04:23
like the basking shark鲨鱼
that chugs一班班 through通过 the water
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吃掉污染物?
04:25
and eats up pollution污染?
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那我们来看看能不能做。
04:28
Well, let's see if we can do that.
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另外我们从另一生物得到的灵感。
04:29
But also, we take the inspiration灵感
from other organisms生物.
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这照片是水船虫。
04:33
I've got a picture图片 here
of a water boatman船工,
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水船虫真的很可爱。
04:35
and the water boatman船工 is really cute可爱.
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它游泳时,
04:36
When it's swimming游泳的 in the water,
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用船桨一样的腿向前推自己。
04:38
it uses使用 its paddle-like桨状 legs
to push itself本身 forward前锋.
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那么我们取两者之长处,
04:41
So we take those two organisms生物
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结合在一起,
做成一种新型机器人。
04:43
and we combine结合 them together一起
to make a new kind of robot机器人.
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实际上,因为从水船虫得到的灵感,
04:47
In fact事实, because we're using运用
the water boatman船工 as inspiration灵感,
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以及我们的机器人坐在水面上,
04:50
and our robot机器人 sits坐镇 on top最佳 of the water,
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划行向前,
04:53
and it rows,
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我们就称它为“划水机器人”。
04:54
we call it the "Row-bot行机器人."
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所以划水机器人是个
会划水的机器人。
04:56
So a Row-bot行机器人 is a robot机器人 that rows.
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好,那它长什么样子?
05:00
OK. So what does it look like?
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这是一些照片。
05:03
Here's这里的 some pictures图片 of the Row-bot行机器人,
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你们看,
05:05
and you'll你会 see,
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它一点都不像
我们开头看到的机器人。
05:06
it doesn't look anything like the robots机器人
we saw right at the beginning开始.
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所以谷歌错了,
机器人不是它说的那样,
05:09
Google谷歌 is wrong错误;
robots机器人 don't look like that,
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机器人长这样。
05:11
they look like this.
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我这里有一只划水机器人。
05:13
So I've got the Row-bot行机器人 here.
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我拿起来给你们看,
05:15
I'll just hold保持 it up for you.
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让你们了解一下它的大小,
05:16
It gives you a sense of the scale规模,
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而且它一点也不像其它机器人。
05:18
and it doesn't look
anything like the others其他.
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它是塑料的。
05:20
OK, so it's made制作 out of plastic塑料,
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现在我们来看看
05:21
and we'll have a look now
at the components组件
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划水机器人的组件——
05:24
that make up the Row-bot行机器人 --
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使它特别的地方。
05:25
what makes品牌 it really special特别.
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划水机器人由三个部分组成,
05:27
The Row-bot行机器人 is made制作 up of three parts部分,
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就像任何生物的组成部分。
05:30
and those three parts部分 are really
like the parts部分 of any organism生物.
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它有大脑、
05:33
It's got a brain,
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有身体、
05:35
it's got a body身体
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有胃。
05:37
and it's got a stomach.
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它需要胃来产生能量。
05:39
It needs需求 the stomach to create创建 the energy能源.
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所有划水机器人都有这三部分,
05:41
Any Row-bot行机器人 will have
those three components组件,
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就像任何生物都有这三部分一样。
05:44
and any organism生物
will have those three components组件,
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我们一个个来看。
05:46
so let's go through通过 them one at a time.
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它有身体,
05:48
It has a body身体,
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塑料制成的身体,
05:49
and its body身体 is made制作 out of plastic塑料,
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它可以坐在水面上。
05:51
and it sits坐镇 on top最佳 of the water.
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脚蹼在旁边这里——
05:53
And it's got flippers蛙鞋 on the side here --
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帮助机器人移动,
05:56
paddles that help it move移动,
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就像水船虫一样。
05:58
just like the water boatman船工.
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它的身体是塑料的,
06:00
It's got a plastic塑料 body身体,
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但这里有软橡胶做的嘴。
06:01
but it's got a soft柔软的 rubber橡胶 mouth here,
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这里还有另一张嘴,
它有两张嘴。
06:04
and a mouth here --
it's got two mouths嘴巴.
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为什么要两张嘴?
06:06
Why does it have two mouths嘴巴?
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一张让食物进来,
06:07
One is to let the food餐饮 go in
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另一张让食物出去。
06:09
and the other is to let the food餐饮 go out.
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所以你们可以看到,
它有嘴,有臀部,
06:11
So you can see really
it's got a mouth and a derriere臀部,
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或者是 --
06:15
or a --
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排泄的地方,
06:16
(Laughter笑声)
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06:17
something where the stuff东东 comes out,
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就像真的生物一样。
06:19
which哪一个 is just like a real真实 organism生物.
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所以它开始有点像那个姥鲨了。
06:20
So it's starting开始 to look
like that basking shark鲨鱼.
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那么刚才说的是身体。
06:23
So that's the body身体.
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06:25
The second第二 component零件 might威力 be the stomach.
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第二部分是胃。
我们需要给机器人输入能量,
06:28
We need to get the energy能源 into the robot机器人
and we need to treat对待 the pollution污染,
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还需要处理污染。
所以污染物从这里进去,
06:32
so the pollution污染 goes in,
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机器人会处理一下,
06:33
and it will do something.
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中间这里有电池,
称为微生物燃料电池。
06:35
It's got a cell细胞 in the middle中间 here
called a microbial微生物 fuel汽油 cell细胞.
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我把这个放下,
06:38
I'll put this down,
and I'll lift电梯 up the fuel汽油 cell细胞.
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把燃料电池拿起来。
06:42
Here. So instead代替 of having batteries电池,
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这不是电池,
也不是传统的供电系统,
06:44
instead代替 of having
a conventional常规 power功率 system系统,
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而是这个——
06:46
it's got one of these.
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它的胃。
06:47
This is its stomach.
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它真的是个胃。
06:48
And it really is a stomach
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因为你可以在这边
放进污染物形式的能量,
06:50
because you can put energy能源 in this side
in the form形成 of pollution污染,
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它就发电。
06:53
and it creates创建 electricity电力.
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所以这是什么?
06:55
So what is it?
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它叫做微生物燃料电池。
06:56
It's called a microbial微生物 fuel汽油 cell细胞.
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它有点像化学燃料电池。
06:58
It's a little bit
like a chemical化学 fuel汽油 cell细胞,
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你大概在学校看过,
07:00
which哪一个 you might威力 have
come across横过 in school学校,
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或者新闻里看过。
07:02
or you might've可能已经 seen看到 in the news新闻.
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化学燃料电池利用氢气和氧气,
07:03
Chemical化学 fuel汽油 cells细胞
take hydrogen and oxygen,
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把两者结合,获得电力。
07:06
and they can combine结合 them together一起
and you get electricity电力.
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这是成熟的技术,
在阿波罗太空计划里用过,
07:08
That's well-established成熟 technology技术;
it was in the Apollo阿波罗 space空间 missions任务.
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就是说四、五十年以前就有了。
07:12
That's from 40, 50 years年份 ago.
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07:14
This is slightly newer.
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但这个比较新,
07:15
This is a microbial微生物 fuel汽油 cell细胞.
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这是微生物燃料电池。
07:17
It's the same相同 principle原理:
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原理相同:
07:18
it's got oxygen on one side,
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氧气在一边,
07:19
but instead代替 of having
hydrogen on the other,
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但另一边不是氢气,
而是一种混合液。
07:22
it's got some soup,
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07:23
and inside that soup
there are living活的 microbes微生物.
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混合液中有活的微生物。
如果你拿一些有机材料——
07:26
Now, if you take some organic有机 material材料 --
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可以是某种废品、食物,
07:28
could be some waste浪费 products制品, some food餐饮,
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07:31
maybe a bit of your sandwich三明治 --
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或者用一点你的三明治 --
07:32
you put it in there,
the microbes微生物 will eat that food餐饮,
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把它放进这里面,
微生物会吃掉它,
07:35
and they will turn it into electricity电力.
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然后把这食物转化成电力。
07:38
Not only that, but if you select选择
the right kind of microbes微生物,
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不仅如此,如果微生物的种类正确,
07:41
you can use the microbial微生物 fuel汽油 cell细胞
to treat对待 some of the pollution污染.
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你可以用微生物燃料电池
处理某些污染物。
如果选对了微生物,
07:46
If you choose选择 the right microbes微生物,
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07:48
the microbes微生物 will eat the algae藻类.
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那微生物可以吃掉藻类;
如果用另一种微生物,
07:50
If you use other kinds of microbes微生物,
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07:53
they will eat petroleum石油
spirits and crude原油 oil.
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它可以吃掉石油醚和原油。
所以你看到了
如何使用这个胃
07:56
So you can see
how this stomach could be used
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07:59
to not only treat对待 the pollution污染
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来不仅处理污染物,
08:02
but also to generate生成 electricity电力
from the pollution污染.
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而且能用污染物发电。
08:06
So the robot机器人 will move移动
through通过 the environment环境,
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所以这个机器人
在环境中到处移动,
把食物吃进胃里,
08:09
taking服用 food餐饮 into its stomach,
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消化吃进去的食物,发电,
08:11
digest消化 the food餐饮, create创建 electricity电力,
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再利用电力在环境中继续移动,
08:13
use that electricity电力
to move移动 through通过 the environment环境
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08:16
and keep doing this.
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如此周而复始。
08:17
OK, so let's see what happens发生
when we run the Row-bot行机器人 --
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那么,我们看看
划水机器人工作的样子——
它划水时的样子。
08:21
when it does some rowing划船.
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08:22
Here we've我们已经 got a couple一对 of videos视频,
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这里有几段影片。
你们看到的第一个动作——
希望大家都能看到,
08:24
the first thing you'll你会 see --
hopefully希望 you can see here
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是张开嘴巴。
08:26
is the mouth open打开.
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08:28
The front面前 mouth and the bottom底部 mouth open打开,
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前嘴后嘴都张开,
它会一直把嘴张得足够大,
08:31
and it will stay opened打开 enough足够,
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08:32
then the robot机器人 will start开始 to row forward前锋.
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然后机器人开始向前划行。
08:34
It moves移动 through通过 the water
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它在水中移动,
08:36
so that food餐饮 goes in
as the waste浪费 products制品 go out.
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使食物进去,废弃物出来。
当它移动够了,
08:39
Once一旦 it's moved移动 enough足够,
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就停下,合上嘴巴——
08:40
it stops停止 and then it closes关闭 the mouth --
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慢慢合上——
08:43
slowly慢慢地 closes关闭 the mouths嘴巴 --
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08:45
and then it will sit there,
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然后就坐在那里,
08:47
and it will digest消化 the food餐饮.
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开始消化食物。
08:50
Of course课程 these microbial微生物 fuel汽油 cells细胞,
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当然这些微生物燃料电池里
有微生物存在。
08:52
they contain包含 microbes微生物.
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你真正想要的是从这些微生物
08:54
What you really want is lots of energy能源
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08:55
coming未来 out of those microbes微生物
as quickly很快 as possible可能.
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得到很多能量,并且越快越好。
但我们不能强迫微生物,
08:58
But we can't force the microbes微生物
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09:00
and they generate生成 a small amount
of electricity电力 per second第二.
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它们每秒只能产生一点点电,
发电量是毫瓦或微瓦级。
09:03
They generate生成 milliwatts毫瓦, or microwatts.
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对这个发电量做个比较。
09:06
Let's put that into context上下文.
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比如你的手机,
09:08
Your mobile移动 phone电话 for example,
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09:09
one of these modern现代 ones那些,
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像这种现代一点的。
09:11
if you use it, it takes about one watt.
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使用手机时,耗电量大约一瓦。
09:13
So that's a thousand or a million百万 times
as much energy能源 that that uses使用
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所以手机的耗电量
是微生物燃料电池的
一千倍或一百万倍。
09:17
compared相比 to the microbial微生物 fuel汽油 cell细胞.
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那我们怎么办呢?
09:20
How can we cope应付 with that?
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09:21
Well, when the Row-bot行机器人
has doneDONE its digestion消化,
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划水机器人消化完食物之后,
当它吃进食物后,
09:24
when it's taken采取 the food餐饮 in,
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09:25
it will sit there and it will wait
until直到 it has consumed消费 all that food餐饮.
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就会坐在那里,
一直等到食物消化完。
那需要几个小时,甚至好几天。
09:29
That could take some hours小时,
it could take some days.
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09:32
A typical典型 cycle周期 for the Row-bot行机器人
looks容貌 like this:
239
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划水机器人典型的工作周期
是这样的:
张开嘴,
09:36
you open打开 your mouth,
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移动,
09:37
you move移动,
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合上嘴,
09:39
you close your mouth
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09:40
and you sit there for a while waiting等候.
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坐在那里等。
一旦把食物消化完,
09:42
Once一旦 you digest消化 your food餐饮,
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09:43
then you can go about
doing the same相同 thing again.
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就把相同的事情再做一遍。
可是你看,
这是不是很像真的生物啊?
09:46
But you know what, that looks容貌
like a real真实 organism生物, doesn't it?
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跟我们做的事情很像。
09:49
It looks容貌 like the kind of thing we do.
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周六晚上,我们出门,张嘴,
09:51
Saturday星期六 night,
we go out, open打开 our mouths嘴巴,
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把胃塞满,
09:53
fill our stomachs,
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09:54
sit in front面前 of the telly电视中 and digest消化.
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坐在电视机前,消化。
觉得消化完了,又重复同样的事。
09:57
When we've我们已经 had enough足够,
we do the same相同 thing again.
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10:00
OK, if we're lucky幸运 with this cycle周期,
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好,如果这次循环很幸运,
10:03
at the end结束 of the cycle周期
we'll have enough足够 energy能源 left over
253
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循环结束时还有足够的剩余能量
10:06
for us to be able能够 to do something else其他.
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去做点别的事,
10:08
We could send发送 a message信息, for example.
255
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2016
比如可以发个短信。
我们可以发个短信说,
10:10
We could send发送 a message信息 saying,
256
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“我最近吃了这么多污染物”,
10:12
"This is how much pollution污染
I've eaten吃过 recently最近,"
257
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10:14
or, "This is the kind of stuff东东
that I've encountered遇到,"
258
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或者“我最近遇到了这东西”,
10:17
or, "This is where I am."
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或者“这是我的当前位置”。
10:19
That ability能力 to send发送 a message信息
saying, "This is where I am,"
260
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能够发出“这是我的当前位置”的短信
10:23
is really, really important重要.
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是非常非常重要的。
10:25
If you think about the oil slicks浮油
that we saw before,
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设想一下之前看到的
水面的油污画面,
10:27
or those massive大规模的 algal藻类 blooms绽放,
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或者大片藻类。
10:29
what you really want to do
is put your Row-bot行机器人 out there,
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你真的想把划水机器人送过去,
10:31
and it eats up all of those pollutions污染,
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把所有污染物吃光,
10:33
and then you have to go collect搜集 them.
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然后你得把它们收回来。
10:35
Why?
267
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为什么?
因为目前这些划水机器人
10:37
Because these Row-bots行机器人 at the moment时刻,
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和我这里的这只划水机器人,
10:39
this Row-bot行机器人 I've got here,
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里面有马达、电线,
10:40
it contains包含 motors马达, it contains包含 wires电线,
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10:42
it contains包含 components组件
which哪一个 themselves他们自己 are not biodegradable可生物降解.
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有自己不能生物降解的组件。
目前的划水机器人里面
包括有毒电池等等,
10:45
Current当前 Row-bots行机器人 contain包含
things like toxic有毒的 batteries电池.
272
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10:48
You can't leave离开 those in the environment环境,
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1976
你不能把它们留在环境里,
10:50
so you need to track跟踪 them,
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所以必须追踪它们的位置。
10:52
and then when they've他们已经 finished
their job工作 of work,
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2336
在它们完成工作后,
10:54
you need to collect搜集 them.
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必须回收。
这会限制可用机器人的数量。
10:55
That limits范围 the number
of Row-bots行机器人 you can use.
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10:58
If, on the other hand,
278
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另一方面,
如果你的机器人有点像生物体,
10:59
you have robot机器人 a little bit
like a biological生物 organism生物,
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那它在生命结束时,
11:02
when it comes to the end结束 of its life,
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11:04
it dies and it degrades降级 to nothing.
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会死亡且降解消失。
11:07
So wouldn't不会 it be nice不错 if these robots机器人,
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2336
所以,
如果这些机器人不是
像现在这样用塑料制成,
11:09
instead代替 of being存在 like this,
made制作 out of plastic塑料,
283
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2239
而是用其它材料,
11:11
were made制作 out of other materials物料,
284
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1593
那种丢在外面就可以
降解消失的材料
11:13
which哪一个 when you throw them out there,
285
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1736
该有多好?
11:15
they biodegrade生物降解 to nothing?
286
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那就会改变我们使用机器人的方式。
11:16
That changes变化 the way
in which哪一个 we use robots机器人.
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2096
11:18
Instead代替 of putting 10 or 100
out into the environment环境,
288
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与其放10个、100个
机器人到环境中,
不得不追踪它们,
11:21
having to track跟踪 them,
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11:23
and then when they die,
290
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1336
还要在死掉后
11:24
collect搜集 them,
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收回来,
11:25
you could put a thousand,
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不如放1000个、
11:27
a million百万, a billion十亿 robots机器人
into the environment环境.
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一百万个、十亿个机器人,
就让它们随意散落在环境中。
11:30
Just spread传播 them around.
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1816
11:32
You know that at the end结束 of their lives生活,
they're going to degrade降级 to nothing.
295
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3616
你知道它们寿终时会降解消失,
而不需要担心它们的回收。
11:35
You don't need to worry担心 about them.
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那样会改变你对机器人的想法,
11:37
So that changes变化 the way
in which哪一个 you think about robots机器人
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以及使用它们的方式。
11:40
and the way you deploy部署 them.
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随之而来的问题:
你能做吗?
11:41
Then the question is: Can you do this?
299
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11:43
Well, yes, we have shown显示
that you can do this.
300
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是的,我们已经证明,
你也可以做。
你可以制造可生物降解的机器人。
11:45
You can make robots机器人
which哪一个 are biodegradable可生物降解.
301
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真正有意思的是,
你可以使用日常原料,
11:47
What's really interesting有趣
is you can use household家庭 materials物料
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来制造这种可生物降解的机器人。
11:50
to make these biodegradable可生物降解 robots机器人.
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11:52
I'll show显示 you some;
you might威力 be surprised诧异.
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我给大家看几个,
你们可能会很惊讶。
11:54
You can make a robot机器人 out of jelly果冻.
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你能用果冻做出机器人。
11:57
Instead代替 of having a motor发动机,
which哪一个 we have at the moment时刻,
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2776
那么取代现在这个马达的是,
12:00
you can make things
called artificial人造 muscles肌肉.
307
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你可以造出叫做人造肌肉的东西。
12:03
Artificial人造 muscles肌肉 are smart聪明 materials物料,
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人造肌肉是一种智能材料,
12:05
you apply应用 electricity电力 to them,
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给它通电,
它就会收缩、弯曲或扭转,
12:06
and they contract合同,
or they bend弯曲 or they twist.
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12:09
They look like real真实 muscles肌肉.
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它看起来就像真的肌肉。
12:11
So instead代替 of having a motor发动机,
you have these artificial人造 muscles肌肉.
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所以,与其使用马达,
不如使用人造肌肉。
12:14
And you can make
artificial人造 muscles肌肉 out of jelly果冻.
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你可以用果冻做人造肌肉。
12:17
If you take some jelly果冻 and some salts,
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给果冻加点盐,
12:19
and do a bit of jiggery-pokery在暗中捣鬼,
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然后鼓捣鼓捣,
12:20
you can make an artificial人造 muscle肌肉.
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就做出人造肌肉了。
12:22
We've我们已经 also shown显示 you can make
the microbial微生物 fuel汽油 cell's细胞 stomach
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我们还证明了,可以用纸,
做微生物燃料电池的胃。
12:26
out of paper.
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12:27
So you could make the whole整个
robot机器人 out of biodegradable可生物降解 materials物料.
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因此整个机器人都可以
用生物降解材料制造。
把它们丢出去,
它们会自己降解消失。
12:31
You throw them out there,
and they degrade降级 to nothing.
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12:35
Well, this is really, really exciting扣人心弦.
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这真的非常令人兴奋。
12:37
It's going to totally完全 change更改 the way
in which哪一个 we think about robots机器人,
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这会彻底改变我们对机器人的看法。
而且还让你变得有创意,
12:40
but also it allows允许 you
to be really creative创作的
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12:42
in the way in which哪一个 you think
about what you can do with these robots机器人.
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想出更多机器人的用途。
我举个例子。
12:46
I'll give you an example.
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如果你能用果冻做机器人——
12:47
If you can use jelly果冻 to make a robot机器人 --
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12:50
now, we eat jelly果冻, right?
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大家都吃果冻吧?
12:52
So, why not make something like this?
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那,为什么不这样做?
12:54
A robot机器人 gummy粘性的 bear.
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橡皮熊机器人。
12:57
Here, I've got some I prepared准备 earlier.
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这里,我准备了几个。
好了,我有一袋——
12:59
There we go. I've got a packet --
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我拿了一个柠檬味儿的。
13:02
and I've got a lemon-flavored柠檬味 one.
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我要吃掉这个橡皮熊软糖——
13:05
I'll take this gummy粘性的 bear --
he's not robotic机器人, OK?
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这个不是机器人,
我们得先假装一下。
13:08
We have to pretend假装.
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13:09
And what you do with one of these
is you put it in your mouth --
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你要拿它做什么用呢?
把它放进嘴里——
柠檬味儿不错。
13:12
the lemon's柠檬 quite相当 nice不错.
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不要太用力嚼,
机器人可能不喜欢。
13:14
Try not to chew it too much,
it's a robot机器人, it may可能 not like it.
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13:18
And then you swallow it.
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然后吞下去。
然后它进入你的胃。
13:21
And then it goes into your stomach.
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13:22
And when it's inside your stomach,
it moves移动, it thinks, it twists曲折, it bends弯曲,
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到胃里之后,
它移动、思考、扭转、弯曲,
各种折腾。
13:26
it does something.
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然后再跑到你的肠道,
13:27
It could go further进一步 down
into your intestines,
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看看你有没有溃疡或癌症,
13:30
find out whether是否 you've got
some ulcer溃疡 or cancer癌症,
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或许顺便打个针之类的。
13:32
maybe do an injection注射,
something like that.
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你知道它完成任务后,
13:34
You know that once一旦
it's doneDONE its job工作 of work,
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会被你的胃消化掉。
13:37
it could be consumed消费 by your stomach,
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或者,如果你不愿意,
13:39
or if you don't want that,
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13:41
it could go straight直行 through通过 you,
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它可以只在你的身体里走个过场,
13:43
into the toilet厕所,
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掉进马桶,
13:44
and be degraded降级 safely安然 in the environment环境.
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在环境中安全分解。
所以再次说明,
这会改变我们对机器人的想法。
13:46
So this changes变化 the way, again,
in which哪一个 we think about robots机器人.
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13:50
So, we started开始 off looking
at robots机器人 that would eat pollution污染,
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我们从可以吃掉污染物的机器人开始,
直到可以被我们吃掉的机器人。
13:55
and then we're looking
at robots机器人 which哪一个 we can eat.
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13:57
I hope希望 this gives you some idea理念
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希望能给大家一些灵感,
13:59
of the kinds of things
we can do with future未来 robots机器人.
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看看我们能如何使用
未来的机器人。
谢谢大家!
14:03
Thank you very much for your attention注意.
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14:05
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Yan Gao
Reviewed by Jiawei Ni

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Rossiter - Roboticist
Jonathan Rossiter develops soft robotic technologies and turns them into real robots and smart machines for engineers, musicians, doctors and artists.

Why you should listen

Jonathan Rossiter is Professor of Robotics at University of Bristol, and heads the Soft Robotics Group at Bristol Robotics Laboratory. His group researches soft robotics: robots and machines that go beyond conventional rigid and motorized technologies into the world of smart materials, reactive polymers biomimetics and compliant structures. Because they're soft, these robots are inherently safe for interaction with the human body and with the natural environment. They can be used to deliver new healthcare treatments, wearable and assistance devices, and human-interface technologies. They wide impact from furniture to fashion and from space systems to environmental cleanup.  They can even be made biodegradable and edible.

Currently a major focus of Rossiter's work is on the development of soft robotic replacement organs for cancer and trauma sufferers and on smart "trousers" to help older people stay mobile for longer.


More profile about the speaker
Jonathan Rossiter | Speaker | TED.com