ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mitch Resnick - Computer scientist
Mitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design.

Why you should listen

When we first enter primary school, we spend our days creating, painting, building, experimenting creatively with form and shape. But what happens after that first year? Why doesn't the creativity continue? Mitch Resnick, Director of the Lifelong Kindergarten program and LEGO Papert Professor of Learning Research at MIT Media Lab, is making it his mission to help kids keep the exploration going. He and his team develop new interfaces to help students engage with technology, in a way that encourages them to create and experiment the way we did in kindergarten with paint. Some of Resnick's projects include Scratch, which helps young users learn to code, and the Computer Clubhouse, an international network of creative afterschool programs for underpriveleged students.

More profile about the speaker
Mitch Resnick | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBeaconStreet

Mitch Resnick: Let's teach kids to code

Mitch Resnick: 一齊教小朋友寫程式

Filmed:
2,313,152 views

麻省理工大學媒體實驗室嘅 Mitch Resnick 話俾大家知, 寫電腦程式並非電腦奇才嘅專利,呢樣係所有人都能夠做到嘅事。喺一場搞笑、有實例示範嘅演講裏面,Mitch Resnick 提出教小朋友寫編碼嘅好處,令佢哋唔單止能夠利用新科技接收事物,亦都可以用新科技去創造事物。 (攝於 TEDxBeaconStreet)
- Computer scientist
Mitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
It was a Saturday星期六 afternoon下晝 in May可能,
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嗰日係五月一個星期六嘅下晝
00:19
and I suddenly突然 realized實現
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我突然意識到聽日就係母親節
00:22
that the next day was Mother's亞媽 Day,
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00:25
and I hadn't gotten得到 anything for my mom亞媽,
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而我仲未準備禮物俾我媽咪
00:27
so I started初時 thinking思維 about
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所以我開始諗
00:28
what should I get my mom亞媽 for Mother's亞媽 Day?
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我要送佢乜嘢做母親節禮物呢?
00:31
I thought, why don't I make her
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我諗點解唔利用我同我嘅研究小組
00:33
an interactive互動 Mother's亞媽 Day card
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喺麻省理工媒體實驗室開發嘅軟件 Scratch
00:36
using使用 the Scratch劃傷 software軟件 that I'd been developing發展
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00:38
with my research研究 group at the MIT蔴省理工學院 Media媒體 Lab實驗室?
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嚟做張有互動嘅母親節卡俾佢呢?
00:42
We developed開發 it so that people could easily容易 create創建
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我哋整咗呢個軟件
令人可以輕鬆創作佢哋自己
00:46
their佢哋 own自己 interactive互動 stories故事 and games遊戲 and animations動畫,
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有互動功能嘅故事、遊戲或者動畫
00:50
and then share共享 their佢哋 creations創作 with one another另一個.
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而且同人分享佢哋嘅創作
00:54
So I thought, this would be an opportunity機會 to use Scratch劃傷
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於是我諗或者呢個係一個好機會
利用 Scratch
去整一張互動嘅卡俾我媽咪
00:57
to make an interactive互動 card for my mom亞媽.
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01:00
Before making決策 my own自己 Mother's亞媽 Day card,
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喺我做母親節卡之前
01:03
I thought I would take a look
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我諗我可以先睇睇 Scratch 個網站
01:05
at the Scratch劃傷 website網站.
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01:06
So over the last several幾個 years, kids孩子 around the world世界
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過去幾年,世界各地八歲以上嘅小朋友
01:09
ages年齡 8 and up, have shared共享 their佢哋 projects項目,
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分享咗佢哋嘅作品
01:13
and I thought, I wonder if, of those three million projects項目,
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所以我諗喺呢三百萬件作品裏邊
會唔會有人上載咗母親節卡呢
01:16
whether係唔係 anyone任何人 else has thought to put up Mother's亞媽 Day cards.
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01:19
So in the search搜尋 box I typed類型 in
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所以我就喺搜尋嗰度打「母親節」
01:22
"Mother's亞媽 Day,"
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01:24
and I was surprised驚訝 and delighted開心 to see a list列表
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我又驚訝又開心睇到
成頁有好多好多嘅母親節卡
01:27
of dozens幾十 and dozens幾十 of Mother's亞媽 Day cards
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好多卡都係由一啲
好似我噉鍾意拖著做嘅人
01:30
that showed表明 up on the Scratch劃傷 website網站,
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01:32
many好多 of them just in the past過去 24 hours小時
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01:35
by procrastinators拖拉 just like myself自己.
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喺 24 小時之內上載嘅
當我開始睇呢啲作品
01:38
So I started初時 taking採取 a look at them. (Music音樂)
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(音樂)
01:41
I saw one of them that featured特色 a kitten
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我睇到一張特寫小貓
同小貓媽咪一齊嘅卡片
01:43
and her mom亞媽 and wishing希望 her mom亞媽 a happy快樂 Mother's亞媽 Day.
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卡中嘅小貓祝媽咪母親節快樂
作者仲非常貼心噉
01:50
And the creator創造者 very considerately體貼
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為佢自己母親整咗一個重播按鈕
01:53
offered提供 a replay重播 for her mom亞媽.
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01:56
Another另一個 one was an interactive互動 project項目 where,
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另一個係互動作品
當你將滑鼠移到
「母親節快樂」嘅字上面時
01:59
when you moved the mouse鼠標 over the letters字母 of "Happy快樂 Mom亞媽 Day,"
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會出現一句特別嘅母親節嘅祝福句子
02:02
it reveals揭示 a special特殊 happy快樂 Mother's亞媽 Day slogan口號.
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(音樂)
02:07
(Music音樂) In this one, the creator創造者 told a narrative敍事
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而喺呢件作品
創作者講述佢自己
點樣用谷歌搵出母親節係幾時
02:11
about how she had Googled搜尋 to find out
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02:13
when Mother's亞媽 Day was happening發生.
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(打字聲)
02:16
(Typing打字) And then once一旦 she found發現 out when Mother's亞媽 Day was happening發生,
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而當佢知道母親節係幾時嗰陣
02:21
she delivered交付 a special特殊 Mother's亞媽 Day greeting問候
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佢立即送出特別嘅母親節祝福
02:23
of how much she loved her mom亞媽.
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去表達佢有幾愛佢媽媽
我真係好鍾意
睇呢啲作品、同呢啲作品互動
02:27
So I really enjoyed中意 looking at these projects項目
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02:29
and interacting交互 with these projects項目.
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事實上,由於我太鍾意呢啲作品
02:31
In fact事實, I liked中意 it so much that, instead相反 of making決策 my own自己 project項目,
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原本諗著親手整張
02:34
I sent my mom亞媽 links連結 to about a dozen of these projects項目. (Laughter笑聲)
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但後來就直接將十幾個作品嘅連結
發送俾我媽咪
(笑聲)
而其實,佢嘅反應就係我想要嘅
02:39
And actually講真, she reacted反應 exactly完全 the way that I hoped希望 that she would.
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02:43
She wrote back to me and she said,
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佢回覆我話
02:44
"I'm so proud驕傲 to have a son that created創建 the software軟件
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「我非常為我嘅仔仔感到驕傲
佢能夠整到噉嘅軟件
02:47
that allowed允許 these kids孩子 to make Mother's亞媽 Day cards for their佢哋 mothers母親."
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令小朋友可以整母親節卡
送俾佢哋嘅媽媽。」
02:52
So my mom亞媽 was happy快樂, and that made作出 me happy快樂,
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所以見到我媽咪好高興,我都好開心
02:55
but actually講真 I was even happier快樂 for another另一個 reason原因.
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但事實上我仲有一個更開心嘅原因
我開心係因為呢啲小朋友能夠按照
03:00
I was happy快樂 because these kids孩子 were using使用 Scratch劃傷
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03:04
just in the way that we had hoped希望 that they would.
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我哋希望見到嘅用法去用 Scratch
當佢哋製作互動母親節卡嘅時候
03:07
As they created創建 their佢哋 interactive互動 Mother's亞媽 Day cards,
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03:10
you could see that they were really
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你可以睇到佢哋真係
愈嚟愈對新科技純熟
03:12
becoming成為 fluent流利 with new新增功能 technologies技術.
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03:15
What do I mean by fluent流利?
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噉純熟係咩呢?
03:17
I mean that they were able to start初時 expressing表達 themselves自己
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我係指佢哋可以開始表達佢哋自己
03:21
and to start初時 expressing表達 their佢哋 ideas想法.
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開始表達佢哋嘅諗法
03:23
When you become成為 fluent流利 with language語言,
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當你開始對一種語言純熟嘅時候
03:26
it means意味着 you can write an entry進入 in your journal雜誌
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意味著你可以喺你嘅日記上面寫嘢
03:30
or tell a joke笑話 to someone有人 or write a letter to a friend朋友.
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或者話講笑話俾人哋聴
或者寫封信俾朋友
03:34
And it's similar類似 with new新增功能 technologies技術.
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新科技都係同樣道理
03:37
By writing寫作, be creating創建 these interactive互動 Mother's亞媽 Day cards,
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透過書寫或者創作呢啲互動嘅母親節卡
03:41
these kids孩子 were showing顯示 that they were really fluent流利
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呢啲小朋友會俾人睇到
佢哋對呢啲新科技有幾純熟
03:44
with new新增功能 technologies技術.
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03:45
Now maybe you won't唔會 be so surprised驚訝 by this,
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你或者對呢樣嘢唔覺得驚訝
03:48
because a lot of times people feel that
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因為好多時人都會覺得
03:51
young年輕 people today今日 can do all sorts各種 of things with technology技術.
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現今年輕人可以用科技做各式各樣嘅嘢
03:54
I mean, all of us have heard聽到 young年輕 people referred to as "digital數字 natives當地人."
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我嘅意思係
我哋都聽過年輕人被稱為「數碼原生代」
03:59
But actually講真 I'm sort排序 of skeptical懷疑 about this term術語.
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某種程度上
我認為呢個用詞係有點問題嘅
04:02
I'm not so sure we should be thinking思維 of young年輕 people as digital數字 natives當地人.
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但我就唔太肯定
我哋應唔應該將年輕人視作數碼原生代
04:06
When you really look at it, how is it that young年輕 people
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當你真係去睇呢樣嘢
年輕人花大部分時間喺新科技嗰度
04:08
spend most of their佢哋 time using使用 new新增功能 technologies技術?
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究竟係點嘅一回事呢?
04:12
You often經常 see them in situations情況 like this,
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你經常見到嘅情況會係噉樣
04:15
or like this,
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或者噉樣
04:18
and there's no doubt懷疑 that young年輕 people
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可以肯定嘅係年輕人對於上網
上網聊天、發短訊同打機
04:19
are very comfortable自在 and familiar熟悉 browsing瀏覽
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04:22
and chatting聊天 and texting發短信 and gaming遊戲.
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都好自在、好熟
04:27
But that doesn't really make you fluent流利.
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但呢啲並唔會真係令你純熟
04:30
So young年輕 people today今日 have lots of experience經驗
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今日嘅年輕人對於新科技嘅互動
04:34
and lots of familiarity熟悉 with interacting交互 with new新增功能 technologies技術,
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好有經驗同埋好熟識
04:38
but a lot less so of creating創建 with new新增功能 technologies技術
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但對於利用新科技去創作同表達嘅人
就少得多
04:41
and expressing表達 themselves自己 with new新增功能 technologies技術.
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04:44
It's almost爭 D as if they can read
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即係話佢哋識得用新科技去睇嘢
04:47
but not write with new新增功能 technologies技術.
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但唔識得用新科技去寫嘢一樣
04:50
And I'm really interested興趣 in seeing看到, how can we help young年輕 people become成為 fluent流利
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而我就真係好想知道
點樣能夠令年輕人對科技更純熟
04:54
so they can write with new新增功能 technologies技術?
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令佢哋能夠用新科技去創作
04:56
And that really means意味着 that they need to be able to
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即係話佢哋能夠
寫自己嘅電腦程式,或者寫編碼
05:00
write their佢哋 own自己 computer計數機 programs程序, or code代碼.
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05:04
So, increasingly越黎越, people are starting初時 to recognize認識
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於是,有趣地,人就開始認清
05:07
the importance重要性 of learning學習 to code代碼.
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學習寫編碼嘅重要性
05:10
You know, in recent最近 years, there have been
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你知道近幾年有幾百個新機構同新網站
05:13
hundreds數以百計 of new新增功能 organizations組織 and websites網站
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05:16
that are helping幫手 young年輕 people learn學習 to code代碼.
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幫助年輕人學習編寫編碼
05:19
You look online在線, you'll你咪會 see places地方 like CodecademyCodecademy
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你見到網上有類似 Codeacademy
噉樣嘅地方
05:23
and events事件 like CoderDojoCoderDojo
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有類似 CoderDojo 一樣嘅活動
05:25
and sites網站 like Girls女孩 Who Code代碼,
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又有似 Girls Who Code
或者 Black Girls Code 呢一類嘅網站
05:28
or Black Girls女孩 Code代碼.
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05:29
It seems好似 that everybody大家 is getting得到 into the act行為.
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每一個人似乎都開始參與其中
05:32
You know, just at the beginning初時 of this year,
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你知道嗎,就喺年初
05:35
at the turn of the new新增功能 year,
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踏入新一年嗰陣
05:36
New新增功能 York約克 City城市 Mayor市長 Michael迈克尔 Bloomberg彭博
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紐約市長彭博為佢自己定下咗新年目標
05:39
made作出 a New新增功能 Year's年嘅 resolution分辨率 that he was going to learn學習
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就係要喺 2012 年學識寫編碼
05:41
to code代碼 in 2012.
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05:44
A few幾個 months later之後, the country國家 of Estonia愛沙尼亞 decided決定 that
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幾個月後,愛沙尼亞政府決定
05:47
all of its first graders年級 should learn學習 to code代碼.
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全國一年級學生都要學寫編碼
05:51
And that triggered引發 a debate辯論 in the U.K.
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呢樣嘢喺英國激發咗一場辯論
05:54
about whether係唔係 all the children孩子 there should learn學習 to code代碼.
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係咪要俾全部小朋友學寫編碼
05:58
Now, for some of you, when you hear聽到 about this,
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宜家,你哋部分人,聽到呢個提議時
06:01
it might可能 seem好似 sort排序 of strange奇怪 about everybody大家 learning學習 to code代碼.
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或者會覺得有啲奇怪
做乜每個人都要學寫編碼
06:04
When many好多 people think of coding編碼, they think of it
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當大部分人聽到編碼,佢哋會諗起
06:08
as something that only a very narrow sub-community亚社區
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只有少數人會做嘅嘢
06:11
of people are going to be doing,
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呢個就係佢哋對編碼嘅印象
06:14
and they think of coding編碼 looking like this.
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06:17
And in fact事實, if this is what coding編碼 is like,
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事實上,假如程式真係噉嘅樣
06:19
it will only be a narrow sub-community亚社區 of people
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只會有好少人
06:21
with special特殊 mathematical數學 skills技能 and technological技術 background背景
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就係嗰啲
有特別嘅數學技能同科技背景嘅人
06:24
that can code代碼.
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至會寫編碼
06:27
But coding編碼 doesn't have to be like this.
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但寫編碼唔需要噉樣
06:29
Let me show顯示 you about what it's like to code代碼 in Scratch劃傷.
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就等我俾你睇下Scratch 裏邊嘅編碼
係點樣啦
06:33
So in Scratch劃傷, to code代碼, you just snap單位 blocks together一起.
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喺 Scratch 裏面寫編碼
就好似砌積木噉
06:37
In this case情況下, you take a move移動 block,
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喺呢個情況下
你移動一舊積木
06:39
snap單位 it into a stack堆棧,
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將佢同其他積木堆埋一齊
06:41
and the stacks of blocks control控制 the behaviors行為
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嗰堆積木就會控制
你嘅遊戲或者故事裏邊唔同角色嘅行為
06:44
of the different不同 characters字符 in your game遊戲 or your story故事,
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06:47
in this case情況下 controlling控制 the big fish.
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呢個例子裏面就係要控制一條大魚
06:50
After you've created創建 your program程序, you can click點擊 on "share共享,"
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當你整咗個程式之後
你可以點選「分享」
06:53
and then share共享 your project項目 with other people,
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然後你就可以將你個程式同其他人分享
06:56
so that they can use the project項目
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人哋就可以用到你嘅程式
06:58
and start初時 working工作 on the project項目 as well.
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而且可以對個程式做修改
07:01
So, of course課程, making決策 a fish game遊戲 isn't the only thing
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當然,整一個同魚有關嘅遊戲並唔係
07:04
you can do with Scratch劃傷.
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Scratch 唯一可以做嘅嘢
07:06
Of the millions数百万 of projects項目 on the Scratch劃傷 website網站,
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喺 Scratch 網站度幾百萬嘅項目裏面
07:08
there's everything from animated動畫 stories故事
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由動畫故事
07:11
to school學校 science科學 projects項目
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到學校科學專題研究
07:13
to anime動漫 soap肥皂 operas
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動漫劇集
07:15
to virtual虛擬 construction建設 kits
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虛擬建築工具箱
07:18
to recreations娛樂 of classic經典 video視頻 games遊戲
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經典電玩遊戲嘅重新製作
07:20
to political政治 opinion意見 polls民意調查
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民意調查
07:23
to trigonometry三角 tutorials教程
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三角幾何學教學
07:25
to interactive互動 artwork藝術品, and, yes,
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互動藝術作品都應有盡有
當然仲有互動嘅母親節賀卡
07:28
interactive互動 Mother's亞媽 Day cards.
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07:31
So I think there's so many好多 different不同 ways方式
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所以我認為啲人可以透過呢個軟件
07:34
that people can express表達 themselves自己 using使用 this,
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用好多唔用嘅方式表達自己嘅心意
07:37
to be able to take their佢哋 ideas想法 and share共享 their佢哋 ideas想法 with the world世界.
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仲有記低同埋分享俾全世界知
佢哋嘅諗法
07:41
And it doesn't just stay on the screen屏幕.
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而且,佢唔止剩係喺電腦螢幕裏面
07:43
You can also code代碼 to interact互動 with the physical物理 world世界 around you.
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你可以寫一啲
可以同你周圍現實世界互動嘅編碼
07:47
Here's呢度有 an example例子 from Hong Kong,
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呢裏有一個嚟自香港嘅例子
07:50
where some kids孩子 made作出 a game遊戲
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呢啲小朋友做咗一個遊戲
07:51
and then built建立 their佢哋 own自己 physical物理 interface接口 device裝置
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佢哋整咗一個實體介面裝置
07:54
and had a light sensor傳感器, so the light sensor傳感器
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個裝置有一個光感應器
呢個感應器會感應塊板上面嘅窿
07:57
detects檢測 the hole in the board,
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07:59
so as they move移動 the physical物理 saw,
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當佢哋郁把鋸時
08:01
the light sensor傳感器 detects檢測 the hole
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個感應器可以探測到個窿
08:04
and controls控制 the virtual虛擬 saw on the screen屏幕
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從而控制螢幕上嘅一把虛擬嘅鋸去鋸樹
08:07
and saws down the tree.
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08:09
We're going to continue繼續 to look at new新增功能 ways方式
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至於我哋,我哋會繼續搵新嘅方式
08:11
of bringing together一起 the physical物理 world世界 and the virtual虛擬 world世界
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將現實世界同虛擬世界帶到黎
08:14
and connecting連接 to the world世界 around us.
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去連接我哋嘅世界
08:17
This is an example例子 from a new新增功能 version版本 of Scratch劃傷
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呢個係 Scratch 嘅新版本
08:20
that we'll我哋就 be releasing釋放 in the next few幾個 months,
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將會喺幾個月之內發佈
08:23
and we're looking again to be able
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我哋希望再次帶俾你新方向
08:25
to push you in new新增功能 directions方向.
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08:27
Here's呢度有 an example例子.
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舉個例
08:29
It uses使用 the webcam攝像頭.
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有個程式需要用到網絡攝影機
08:33
And as I move移動 my hand, I can pop流行 the balloons氣球
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當我移動我隻手
我可以戳穿氣球或者郁一條蟲
08:38
or I can move移動 the bug錯誤.
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08:41
So it's a little bit like Microsoft微軟 KinectKinect,
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呢樣有啲似微軟嘅 Kinect 裝置
08:44
where you interact互動 with gestures手勢 in the world世界.
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你可以用唔同姿勢同裏面嘅世界互動
08:46
But instead相反 of just playing someone有人 else's其他嘅 game遊戲,
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但除咗玩其他人嘅遊戲
08:49
you get to create創建 the games遊戲,
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你可以自己寫遊戲
08:51
and if you see someone有人 else's其他嘅 game遊戲,
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如果你見到人哋嘅遊戲
08:52
you can just say "see inside,"
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你只需要講「查看裏邊」
你就可以睇到嗰堆控制遊戲嘅積木
08:55
and you can look at the stacks of blocks that control控制 it.
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08:58
So there's a new新增功能 block that says how much video視頻 motion運動 there is,
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呢舊新積木顯示影像動作嘅幅度
09:01
and then, if there's so much video視頻 motion運動,
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如果有大動作
09:04
it will then tell the balloon氣球 to pop流行.
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佢就會指示個氣球爆開
呢樣嘢用同一方式
09:08
The same相同 way that this uses使用 the camera相機
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利用相機收集資料輸入到 Scratch
09:10
to get information信息 into Scratch劃傷,
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09:13
you can also use the microphone.
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你亦可以用咪
09:16
Here's呢度有 an example例子 of a project項目 using使用 the microphone.
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呢個係一個利用咪創作嘅例子
你哋都可以用你哋嘅聲音控制呢個遊戲
09:20
So I'm going to let all of you control控制 this game遊戲
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09:22
using使用 your voices聲音.
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(蟋蟀叫聲) (大嗌) (咀嚼聲)
09:24
(Crickets蟋蟀 chirping鳴叫) (Shouts喊聲) (Chomping廹不及待)
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09:41
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲) (呼叫) (蝙蝠跌落聲)
(掌聲)
09:49
(Applause掌聲)
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當小朋友哋喺度創作呢啲項目嘅時候
09:58
As kids孩子 are creating創建 projects項目 like this,
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10:01
they're learning學習 to code代碼,
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佢哋係學梗寫編碼
10:03
but even more importantly重要, they're coding編碼 to learn學習.
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但更重要嘅係
佢哋係從寫編碼中學習
10:07
Because as they learn學習 to code代碼,
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因為喺學習寫編碼嘅過程中
10:09
it enables使 them to learn學習 many好多 other things,
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佢哋學到其他好多嘢
10:13
opens打開 up many好多 new新增功能 opportunities機會 for learning學習.
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得到好多學習嘅新機會
10:16
Again, it's useful有用 to make an analogy類比 to reading閲讀 and writing寫作.
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同樣地
閱讀同寫作嘅比喻喺呢度可以用到
10:20
When you learn學習 to read and write, it opens打開 up
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當你學習閱讀同寫作嘅時候
佢提供你學習其他更多事物嘅機會
10:23
opportunities機會 for you to learn學習 so many好多 other things.
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10:26
When you learn學習 to read, you can then read to learn學習.
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當你學習閱讀嘅時候
你同時係透過閱讀去學習
10:30
And it's the same相同 thing with coding編碼.
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寫編碼都係一樣
當你學寫編碼嘅時候
10:32
If you learn學習 to code代碼, you can code代碼 to learn學習.
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你會學到其他嘢
10:34
Now some of the things you can learn學習 are sort排序 of obvious明顯.
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有啲你可以學嘅嘢係睇得到嘅
10:37
You learn學習 more about how computers計數機 work.
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譬如你會知道電腦點樣運作
10:39
But that's just where it starts初時.
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但呢樣只係第一樣
10:42
When you learn學習 to code代碼, it opens打開 up for you to learn學習
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當你學寫編碼
佢為你打開學習其他好多嘢嘅大門
10:44
many好多 other things.
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10:47
Let me show顯示 you an example例子.
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等我舉個例
呢度有另一個項目
10:49
Here's呢度有 another另一個 project項目,
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我第一次見到佢
10:51
and I saw this when I was visiting訪問
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係當我參觀一間電腦俱樂部嘅時候
10:53
one of the computer計數機 clubhouses會所.
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10:56
These are after-school放學之後 learning學習 centers中心 that we helped幫手 start初時
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呢啲係我哋協助成立嘅課後學習中心
10:59
that help young年輕 people from low-income低收入 communities社區
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幫助嚟自低收入社群嘅青年
11:01
learn學習 to express表達 themselves自己 creatively創造性 with new新增功能 technologies技術.
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學習點樣利用新科技創意噉表達自己
11:05
And when I went to one of the clubhouses會所 a couple夫婦 years ago,
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幾年前當我去其中一個俱樂部時
11:08
I saw a 13-year-old boy男孩 who was using使用 our Scratch劃傷 software軟件
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我見到一個十三歲嘅男仔
用梗我哋嘅 Scratch 軟件
11:12
to create創建 a game遊戲 somewhat有 D like this one,
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去寫一個類似呢個嘅遊戲
11:15
and he was very happy快樂 with his game遊戲 and proud驕傲 of his game遊戲,
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對於自己嘅遊戲
佢非常開心同自豪
11:18
but also he wanted to do more.
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但佢想做更加多
11:21
He wanted to keep score得分.
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佢想個遊戲可以計到分
11:23
So this was a game遊戲 where the big fish eats the little fish,
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佢個遊戲係玩大魚食細魚
11:26
but he wanted to keep score得分, so that each每個 time
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佢希望可以做到計分
令每一次大魚食小魚嘅時候
11:29
the big fish eats the little fish,
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11:32
the score得分 would go up and it would keep track吊住,
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分數會增加同埋記低落嚟
11:35
and he didn't know how to do that.
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但佢唔識得整
11:38
So I showed表明 him.
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所以我就話俾佢知點整
11:40
In Scratch劃傷, you can create創建 something called a variable變量.
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喺 Scratch 裏面
你可以建立一樣嘢叫「變量」
11:43
I'll call it score得分.
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我會叫佢做「分數」
11:47
And that creates創建 some new新增功能 blocks for you,
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跟著個軟件會幫你建立幾個新積木
11:50
and also creates創建 a little scoreboard記分牌 that keeps保持 track吊住 of the score得分,
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並且會建立一個細嘅計分板
記錄分數
11:55
so each每個 time I click點擊 on "change score得分," it increments增量 the score得分.
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當我每次點擊「更新分數」嘅時候
分數就會增加
12:00
So I showed表明 this to the clubhouse會所 member成員 --
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於是我話咗呢樣嘢俾呢名俱樂部會員知
12:03
let's call him Victor维克多 -- and Victor维克多,
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就叫佢做域他
當域他見到
呢個積木可以幫佢增加分數時
12:05
when he saw that this block would let him increment增量 the score得分,
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12:08
he knew exactly完全 what to do.
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佢即刻知道點做
12:10
He took the block
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佢將個積木擺喺佢嘅程式入面
12:12
and he put it into the program程序
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就擺喺大魚食小魚嗰部分
12:15
exactly完全 where the big fish eats the little fish.
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12:20
So then, each每個 time the big fish eats the little fish,
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於是,每次當大魚食小魚
12:25
he will increment增量 the score得分, and the score得分 will go up by one.
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佢都可以令到個分數增加
每次增加一分
12:31
And it's in fact事實 working工作.
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個計分仲係正常運作
12:32
And he saw this, and he was so excited興奮,
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佢見到噉樣,佢非常之興奮
12:35
he reached達到 his hand out to me,
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佢伸隻手過嚟
12:36
and he said, "Thank you, thank you, thank you."
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同我講: 「唔該,唔該,唔該」
12:39
And what went through透過 my mind介意 was,
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呢個時候我諗
12:41
how often經常 is it that teachers教師 are thanked多謝 by their佢哋 students學生
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學校裡面嘅老師有幾多時會
因為教咗學生「變量」呢樣嘢
而有學生唔該佢哋呢?
12:44
for teaching教學 them variables變量? (Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
12:47
It doesn't happen發生 in most classrooms教室,
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呢樣好少喺喺課室發生
噉係因為喺大部分嘅課室
12:50
but that's because in most classrooms教室, when kids孩子 learn學習 about variables變量,
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當小朋友學習變量嗰陣
12:53
they don't know why they're learning學習 it.
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佢哋唔知道佢哋學呢樣嘢嘅原因
12:55
It's nothing that, really, they can make use of.
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佢哋冇應用嘅機會
12:58
When you learn學習 ideas想法 like this in Scratch劃傷,
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當你喺 Scratch 學習類似概念時
13:00
you can learn學習 it in a way that's really meaningful意義 and motivating激勵 for you,
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你可以透過一種
有意義、可以推動到你嘅方式學習
13:04
that you can understand理解 the reason原因 for learning學習 variables變量,
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令你明白學習變量嘅原因
13:07
and we see that kids孩子 learn學習 it more deeply深深
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我哋見到小朋友更深入
更好地學習呢樣嘢
13:09
and learn學習 it better.
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我肯定域他佢喺學校有學過變量
13:11
Victor维克多 had, I'm sure, been taught about variables變量 in schools學校,
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13:14
but he really didn't -- he wasn't唔係 paying支付 attention注意.
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只係因為佢冇上堂冇留心啫
13:16
Now he had a reason原因 for learning學習 variables變量.
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宜家,佢終於有一個學習變量嘅原因
13:18
So when you learn學習 through透過 coding編碼, and coding編碼 to learn學習,
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所以當你學編碼
並透過編碼去學習
13:21
you're learning學習 it in a meaningful意義 context上下文, and that's the best最好 way of learning學習 things.
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你就係有意義噉去學習
而呢個就係最好嘅學習方法
13:26
So as kids孩子 like Victor维克多 are creating創建 projects項目 like this,
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所以當好似域他噉嘅小朋友
整梗佢哋嘅項目嗰陣
13:30
they're learning學習 important重要 concepts概念 like variables變量,
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佢哋係學梗好似變量呢啲重要嘅概念
13:33
but that's just the start初時.
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但呢個只係第一樣嘢
13:35
As Victor维克多 worked工作 on this project項目 and created創建 the scripts腳本,
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當域他做梗呢個項目
寫梗啲程式碼嘅時候
13:39
he was also learning學習 about the process過程 of design設計,
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佢係學梗設計嘅過程
13:42
how to start初時 with the glimmer一絲 of an idea想法
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點樣將一個諗法
13:44
and turn it into a fully-fledged, functioning功能 project項目
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變成一個完整、可以運作嘅軟件
13:47
like you see here.
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就好似你睇到佢噉
所以佢喺度學梗好多
唔同嘅、核心嘅設計原理
13:50
So he was learning學習 many好多 different不同 core核心 principles原則 of design設計,
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13:54
about how to experiment實驗 with new新增功能 ideas想法,
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學點樣測試新諗法
13:57
how to take complex複雜 ideas想法 and break打破 them down into simpler簡單 parts部分,
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學點樣將複雜諗法拆做細小嘅嘢
14:02
how to collaborate合作 with other people on your projects項目,
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點樣同其他人做項目
14:05
about how to find and fix修復 bugs錯誤 when things go wrong,
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點樣喺出錯嗰陣,搵出同糾正錯誤
14:08
how to keep persistent持續 and to persevere堅持
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就算當事情唔係咁如意
面對挫折嘅時候
14:11
in the face塊面 of frustrations挫折 when things aren't唔係 working工作 well.
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點樣堅持不懈
呢啲都係重要嘅技能
14:15
Now those are important重要 skills技能
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14:17
that aren't唔係 just relevant相關 for coding編碼.
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唔係剩係同編碼有關
佢哋都同所有唔同嘅活動有關
14:19
They're relevant相關 for all sorts各種 of different不同 activities活動.
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14:22
Now, who knows if Victor维克多 is going to grow成長 up and become成為
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冇人知道域他長大之會唔會
成為一個程式員
14:25
a programmer程序員 or a professional專業 computer計數機 scientist科學家?
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或者專業計算機科學家?
14:28
It's probably可能 not so likely可能,
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可能唔太可能啦
14:30
but regardless無論 of what he does,
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唔理佢將來會做乜
14:32
he'll佢會 be able to make use of these design設計 skills技能 that he learned.
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佢呢啲學返嚟嘅設計技能
仍然都會用得著
14:36
Regardless無論 of whether係唔係 he grows增長 up to be a marketing營銷 manager經理
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不管佢將來係唔係
會成為一個市場推廣經理
14:38
or a mechanic機械 or a community社區 organizer組織者,
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工程師,或者社區組織者
14:41
that these ideas想法 are useful有用 for everybody大家.
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呢啲概念對於每一個人嚟講都好有用
14:44
Again, it's useful有用 to think about this analogy類比 with language語言.
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再一次
用語言呢個比喻去諗呢件事係有用嘅
14:48
When you become成為 fluent流利 with reading閲讀 and writing寫作,
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當你可以流暢噉閱讀同寫作時
唔代表你會做一個專業嘅作家
14:52
it's not something that you're doing
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14:54
just to become成為 a professional專業 writer作家.
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14:56
Very few幾個 people become成為 professional專業 writers作家.
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好少人會成為專業作家
14:59
But it's useful有用 for everybody大家 to learn學習 how to read and write.
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但對所有人嚟講
學習閱讀同寫作係有用嘅
15:03
Again, the same相同 thing with coding編碼.
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呢個同寫編碼係同一道理
15:05
Most people won't唔會 grow成長 up to become成為 professional專業
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大部分人喺長大之後唔會成為
專業計算機科學家或者程式員
15:07
computer計數機 scientists科學家 or programmers程序員,
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15:10
but those skills技能 of thinking思維 creatively創造性,
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但創意思維、有系統嘅推論、同人合作
15:13
reasoning推理 systematically系統, working工作 collaboratively合作 --
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15:15
skills技能 you develop發展 when you code代碼 in Scratch劃傷 --
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呢啲喺 Scratch 寫編碼嗰陣
發展出嚟嘅技能
15:18
are things that people can use no matter個問題 what they're doing in their佢哋 work lives生活.
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喺任何職業都可以用到
15:23
And it's not just about your work life.
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唔剩止你份工
15:25
Coding編碼 can also enable使 you to
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寫編碼可以
令你喺平日生活裏邊
15:28
express表達 your ideas想法 and feelings感情 in your personal life.
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表達你嘅諗法同情感
15:31
Let me end結束 with just one more example例子.
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就俾我再講多一個例子嚟到結束
15:34
So this is an example例子 that came from
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呢個例子係關於
15:37
after I had sent the Mother's亞媽 Day cards to my mom亞媽,
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我將母親節卡發比媽咪之後
15:41
she decided決定 that she wanted to learn學習 Scratch劃傷.
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佢決定要學習用 Scratch
15:44
So she made作出 this project項目 for my birthday生日
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於是佢喺我嘅生日嗰時整咗呢個項目
15:47
and sent me a happy快樂 birthday生日 Scratch劃傷 card.
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發咗張 Scratch 生日卡俾我
15:51
Now this project項目 is not going to win贏得 any prizes獎品 for design設計,
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雖然宜家呢個作品唔會贏到設計獎
15:55
and you can rest休息 assured that my 83-year-old mom亞媽
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而且你可以坐係度好肯定
我 83 歲嘅媽媽
15:58
is not training培訓 to become成為 a professional專業 programmer程序員 or computer計數機 scientist科學家.
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唔係為咗受訓成為專業程式員
或者計算機科學家
16:02
But working工作 on this project項目 enabled啟用 her
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但做呢個項目令到佢
16:05
to make a connection連接 to someone有人 that she cares在乎 about
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可以連繫著佢關心嘅人
16:08
and enabled啟用 her to keep on learning學習 new新增功能 things
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同埋令佢繼續學習新嘢
16:10
and continuing繼續 to practice實踐 her creativity創造力
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令佢繼續用佢嘅創意
16:13
and developing發展 new新增功能 ways方式 of expressing表達 herself自己.
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令佢發展新嘅方式去表達自己
16:16
So as we take a look and we see that
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所以,當我哋留意
我哋可以見到
16:20
Michael迈克尔 Bloomberg彭博 is learning學習 to code代碼,
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彭博喺度學梗寫編碼電腦程式
16:23
all of the children孩子 of Estonia愛沙尼亞 learn學習 to code代碼,
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所有愛沙尼亞嘅小朋友都喺度學梗編碼
16:25
even my mom亞媽 has learned to code代碼,
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甚至連我阿媽都喺度學編碼
16:28
don't you think it's about time that you might可能 be
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你唔覺得你係時候學寫編碼嗎?
16:29
thinking思維 about learning學習 to code代碼?
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16:31
If you're interested興趣 in giving it a try,
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如果你有興趣試下
16:33
I'd encourage鼓勵 you to go to the Scratch劃傷 website網站.
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我會鼓勵你上 Scratch 網站
16:36
It's scratch劃傷.mit蔴省理工學院.eduedu,
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scratch.mit.edu
16:38
and give a try at coding編碼.
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跟著試下寫編碼
16:40
Thanks多謝 very much. (Applause掌聲)
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多謝哂
(掌聲)
Translated by J. L. ( a - m e )
Reviewed by Chak Lam Wan

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mitch Resnick - Computer scientist
Mitch Resnick directs the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT Media Lab, dedicated to helping kids of all ages tinker and experiment with design.

Why you should listen

When we first enter primary school, we spend our days creating, painting, building, experimenting creatively with form and shape. But what happens after that first year? Why doesn't the creativity continue? Mitch Resnick, Director of the Lifelong Kindergarten program and LEGO Papert Professor of Learning Research at MIT Media Lab, is making it his mission to help kids keep the exploration going. He and his team develop new interfaces to help students engage with technology, in a way that encourages them to create and experiment the way we did in kindergarten with paint. Some of Resnick's projects include Scratch, which helps young users learn to code, and the Computer Clubhouse, an international network of creative afterschool programs for underpriveleged students.

More profile about the speaker
Mitch Resnick | Speaker | TED.com