TED Salon Samsung
Kate Darling: Why we have an emotional connection to robots
Kate Darling: Kenapa kita punya hubungan emosional dengan robot
Filmed:
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Kita masih belum mampu mengembangkan robot yang bisa merasakan emosi, namun kita sudah menaruh perasaan pada mereka, ujar ahli etika robot, Kate Darling, dan naluri semacam itu memiliki konsekuensi. Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana secara biologis kita tertanam untuk memproyeksikan niat dan kehidupan ke mesin -- dan bagaimana hal tersebut bisa membantu kita lebih memahami diri kita sendiri.
Kate Darling - Robot ethicist
Kate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future. Full bio
Kate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Suatu hari,
sekitar 10 tahun yang lalu,
sekitar 10 tahun yang lalu,
00:13
There was a day, about 10 years ago,
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00:15
when I asked a friend to hold
a baby dinosaur robot upside down.
a baby dinosaur robot upside down.
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saya meminta teman untuk memegang
robot bayi dinosaurus secara terbalik.
robot bayi dinosaurus secara terbalik.
00:21
It was this toy called a Pleo
that I had ordered,
that I had ordered,
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Robot ini namanya Pleo.
Saya yang memesannya.
Saya yang memesannya.
00:25
and I was really excited about it
because I've always loved robots.
because I've always loved robots.
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Saya begitu senang karena
saya suka robot.
saya suka robot.
00:29
And this one has really cool
technical features.
technical features.
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Dan robot ini punya
fitur teknis keren.
fitur teknis keren.
00:32
It had motors and touch sensors
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Robot ini punya sensor gerak dan sentuh
00:34
and it had an infrared camera.
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juga kamera infra merah.
00:36
And one of the things it had
was a tilt sensor,
was a tilt sensor,
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Dan salah satu fitur adalah
sensor miring,
sensor miring,
00:39
so it knew what direction it was facing.
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jadi dia tahu ke mana dia menghadap.
00:42
And when you held it upside down,
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Dan kalau dipegang terbalik,
00:44
it would start to cry.
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dia akan menangis.
00:46
And I thought this was super cool,
so I was showing it off to my friend,
so I was showing it off to my friend,
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Saya rasa itu sangat keren,
jadi saya tunjukkan ke teman saya,
jadi saya tunjukkan ke teman saya,
00:50
and I said, "Oh, hold it up by the tail.
See what it does."
See what it does."
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saya bilang, "pegang ekornya.
Lihat apa yang dia lakukan."
Lihat apa yang dia lakukan."
00:55
So we're watching
the theatrics of this robot
the theatrics of this robot
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Lalu kita memerhatikan
aksi dramatis robot ini
aksi dramatis robot ini
00:58
struggle and cry out.
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meronta dan menangis.
01:02
And after a few seconds,
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Setelah beberapa detik,
01:04
it starts to bother me a little,
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saya mulai terganggu,
01:07
and I said, "OK, that's enough now.
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lalu saya bilang, "Oke, sudah cukup.
01:11
Let's put him back down."
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Mari letakkan dia kembali."
01:14
And then I pet the robot
to make it stop crying.
to make it stop crying.
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Lalu saya membelai robotnya
agar berhenti menangis.
agar berhenti menangis.
01:18
And that was kind of
a weird experience for me.
a weird experience for me.
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Itu pengalaman aneh bagi saya.
01:22
For one thing, I wasn't the most
maternal person at the time.
maternal person at the time.
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Karena satu hal, saat itu
saya bukan orang yang keibuan.
saya bukan orang yang keibuan.
01:26
Although since then I've become
a mother, nine months ago,
a mother, nine months ago,
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Walau kemudian saya jadi ibu,
9 bulan lalu,
9 bulan lalu,
01:29
and I've learned that babies also squirm
when you hold them upside down.
when you hold them upside down.
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saya akhirnya tahu bayi pun meronta
kalau dipegang terbalik.
kalau dipegang terbalik.
01:32
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
01:35
But my response to this robot
was also interesting
was also interesting
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Tapi respons saya ke robot ini
juga menarik
juga menarik
01:37
because I knew exactly
how this machine worked,
how this machine worked,
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sebab saya tahu pasti
cara kerja mesin ini,
cara kerja mesin ini,
01:41
and yet I still felt
compelled to be kind to it.
compelled to be kind to it.
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tapi saya merasa harus
tetap bersikap baik padanya.
tetap bersikap baik padanya.
01:46
And that observation sparked a curiosity
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Pengamatan itu mencetuskan rasa penasaran.
01:49
that I've spent the past decade pursuing.
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Saya menghabiskan 10 tahun terakhir
mencari jawabannya.
mencari jawabannya.
01:52
Why did I comfort this robot?
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Kenapa saya menenangkan robot ini?
01:56
And one of the things I discovered
was that my treatment of this machine
was that my treatment of this machine
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Salah satu hal yang saya dapati adalah
perlakuan saya pada mesin ini
perlakuan saya pada mesin ini
01:59
was more than just an awkward moment
in my living room,
in my living room,
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lebih dari sekadar momen aneh
di ruang tamu saya,
di ruang tamu saya,
02:03
that in a world where we're increasingly
integrating robots into our lives,
integrating robots into our lives,
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di dunia di mana kita semakin
mengintegrasikan robot dalam kehidupan,
mengintegrasikan robot dalam kehidupan,
02:09
an instinct like that
might actually have consequences,
might actually have consequences,
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naluri semacam itu
mungkin saja punya konsekuensi,
mungkin saja punya konsekuensi,
02:13
because the first thing that I discovered
is that it's not just me.
is that it's not just me.
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sebab hal pertama yang saya dapati adalah
bukan hanya saya
bukan hanya saya
02:19
In 2007, the Washington Post
reported that the United States military
reported that the United States military
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Di tahun 2007, Washington Post melaporkan
bahwa militer Amerika Serikat
bahwa militer Amerika Serikat
02:24
was testing this robot
that defused land mines.
that defused land mines.
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menguji robot penjinak ranjau darat.
02:27
And the way it worked
was it was shaped like a stick insect
was it was shaped like a stick insect
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Robot ini bekerja dengan cara
membentuk serangga tongkat
membentuk serangga tongkat
02:30
and it would walk
around a minefield on its legs,
around a minefield on its legs,
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dan akan berjalan kaki
mengelilingi ladang ranjau,
mengelilingi ladang ranjau,
02:32
and every time it stepped on a mine,
one of the legs would blow up,
one of the legs would blow up,
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dan setiap menginjak ranjau,
kakinya akan meledak,
kakinya akan meledak,
02:36
and it would continue on the other legs
to blow up more mines.
to blow up more mines.
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dia menggunakan kaki lain untuk
meledakkan lebih banyak ranjau.
meledakkan lebih banyak ranjau.
02:39
And the colonel who was in charge
of this testing exercise
of this testing exercise
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Kolonel yang bertanggung jawab pada
latihan percobaan ini
latihan percobaan ini
02:43
ends up calling it off,
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akhirnya menghentikannya,
02:45
because, he says, it's too inhumane
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sebab sangat tidak manusiawi
02:47
to watch this damaged robot
drag itself along the minefield.
drag itself along the minefield.
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melihat robot rusak ini menyeret dirinya
di sepanjang ladang ranjau.
di sepanjang ladang ranjau.
02:54
Now, what would cause
a hardened military officer
a hardened military officer
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Sekarang, apa yang menyebabkan
seorang perwira militer tangguh
seorang perwira militer tangguh
02:58
and someone like myself
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dan orang seperti saya
03:00
to have this response to robots?
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punya rasa seperti itu pada robot?
03:03
Well, of course, we're primed
by science fiction and pop culture
by science fiction and pop culture
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Tentu saja, kita dibekali
fiksi ilmiah dan budaya pop
fiksi ilmiah dan budaya pop
03:06
to really want to personify these things,
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untuk mempersonifikasi hal seperti itu,
03:09
but it goes a little bit deeper than that.
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tapi ini sedikit lebih dalam.
03:12
It turns out that we're biologically
hardwired to project intent and life
hardwired to project intent and life
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Ternyata secara biologis kita terdorong
untuk menyoroti hasrat dan kehidupan
untuk menyoroti hasrat dan kehidupan
03:17
onto any movement in our physical space
that seems autonomous to us.
that seems autonomous to us.
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ke tiap gerakan di ruang fisik
yang tampak otonom bagi kita.
yang tampak otonom bagi kita.
03:23
So people will treat all sorts
of robots like they're alive.
of robots like they're alive.
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Jadi orang akan memperlakukan
segala macam robot seakan mereka hidup.
segala macam robot seakan mereka hidup.
03:26
These bomb-disposal units get names.
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Unit-unit pembasmi bom ini punya nama
03:29
They get medals of honor.
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dan mendapatkan medali kehormatan,
03:31
They've had funerals for them
with gun salutes.
with gun salutes.
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juga dimakamkan dengan hormat senjata.
03:34
And research shows that we do this
even with very simple household robots,
even with very simple household robots,
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Penelitian menunjukkan, bahkan
robot sederhana di rumah pun bisa,
robot sederhana di rumah pun bisa,
03:38
like the Roomba vacuum cleaner.
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contohnya: penyedot debu Roomba.
03:40
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
03:41
It's just a disc that roams
around your floor to clean it,
around your floor to clean it,
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Itu cuma cakram yang
menelusuri lantai untuk bersih-bersih,
menelusuri lantai untuk bersih-bersih,
03:44
but just the fact it's moving
around on its own
around on its own
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tapi karena dia bergerak sendiri,
03:47
will cause people to name the Roomba
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orang memanggilnya Roomba
03:49
and feel bad for the Roomba
when it gets stuck under the couch.
when it gets stuck under the couch.
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dan kasihan ketika Roomba
tersangkut di bawah sofa.
tersangkut di bawah sofa.
03:52
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
03:54
And we can design robots
specifically to evoke this response,
specifically to evoke this response,
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Kita bisa mendesain robot
khusus untuk membangkitkan respons ini,
khusus untuk membangkitkan respons ini,
03:57
using eyes and faces or movements
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menggunakan mata dan wajah,
ataupun gerakan
ataupun gerakan
04:01
that people automatically,
subconsciously associate
subconsciously associate
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yang secara otomatis, orang akan
menyatukannya
menyatukannya
04:04
with states of mind.
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dengan kondisi pikirannya.
04:06
And there's an entire body of research
called human-robot interaction
called human-robot interaction
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Sebuah badan penelitian terpadu
bernama interaksi manusia-robot
bernama interaksi manusia-robot
04:09
that really shows how well this works.
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menunjukkan hebatnya cara kerja ini.
04:11
So for example, researchers
at Stanford University found out
at Stanford University found out
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Contohnya, peneliti
di Standford University menemukan,
di Standford University menemukan,
04:14
that it makes people really uncomfortable
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orang-orang merasa
sangat tidak nyaman
sangat tidak nyaman
04:16
when you ask them to touch
a robot's private parts.
a robot's private parts.
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saat diminta untuk menyentuh
bagian pribadi robot
bagian pribadi robot
04:19
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
04:21
So from this, but from many other studies,
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Dari sini dan penelitian lainnya,
04:23
we know, we know that people
respond to the cues given to them
respond to the cues given to them
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kita tahu bahwa orang merespons isyarat
yang diberikan
yang diberikan
04:27
by these lifelike machines,
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oleh mesin yang tampak hidup ini,
04:29
even if they know that they're not real.
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meski mereka tahu mesinnya tidak hidup.
04:33
Now, we're headed towards a world
where robots are everywhere.
where robots are everywhere.
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Sekarang kita menuju dunia di mana
robot ada di mana-mana.
robot ada di mana-mana.
04:37
Robotic technology is moving out
from behind factory walls.
from behind factory walls.
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Teknologi robotik keluar dari
balik dinding pabrik,
balik dinding pabrik,
04:40
It's entering workplaces, households.
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memasuki tempat kerja dan rumah.
04:43
And as these machines that can sense
and make autonomous decisions and learn
and make autonomous decisions and learn
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Mesin-mesin ini mampu merasakan,
membuat keputusan sendiri, dan belajar,
membuat keputusan sendiri, dan belajar,
04:50
enter into these shared spaces,
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masuk ke ruang bersama ini,
04:52
I think that maybe the best
analogy we have for this
analogy we have for this
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Saya pikir kita bisa menganalogikan itu
04:55
is our relationship with animals.
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seperti hubungan kita dengan hewan.
04:57
Thousands of years ago,
we started to domesticate animals,
we started to domesticate animals,
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Ribuan tahun lalu,
kita mulai menjinakkan hewan,
kita mulai menjinakkan hewan,
05:01
and we trained them for work
and weaponry and companionship.
and weaponry and companionship.
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melatihnya untuk jadi pekerja, senjata,
dan persahabatan.
dan persahabatan.
05:05
And throughout history, we've treated
some animals like tools or like products,
some animals like tools or like products,
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Sepanjang sejarah, kita memperlakukan
sebagian hewan seperti alat atau produk,
sebagian hewan seperti alat atau produk,
05:10
and other animals,
we've treated with kindness
we've treated with kindness
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kita sayangi sebagian hewan lainnya.
05:12
and we've given a place in society
as our companions.
as our companions.
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Kita menganggapnya teman
dalam bermasyarakat.
dalam bermasyarakat.
05:15
I think it's plausible we might start
to integrate robots in similar ways.
to integrate robots in similar ways.
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Saya pikir masuk akal bila kita mulai
memperlakukan robot dengan cara yang sama.
memperlakukan robot dengan cara yang sama.
05:21
And sure, animals are alive.
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Tentu saja, hewan adalah makhluk hidup.
05:24
Robots are not.
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Tapi robot tidak.
05:27
And I can tell you,
from working with roboticists,
from working with roboticists,
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Dari pengalaman kerja dengan ahli robot,
saya beri tahu
saya beri tahu
05:30
that we're pretty far away from developing
robots that can feel anything.
robots that can feel anything.
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kita masih sangat jauh dari pengembangan
robot yang bisa merasa.
robot yang bisa merasa.
05:35
But we feel for them,
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Tapi kita ada rasa pada robot,
05:37
and that matters,
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dan itulah yang penting,
05:39
because if we're trying to integrate
robots into these shared spaces,
robots into these shared spaces,
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sebab kita berusaha mengintegrasikan
robot ke ruang bersama ini,
robot ke ruang bersama ini,
05:42
we need to understand that people will
treat them differently than other devices,
treat them differently than other devices,
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kita harus paham bahwa mereka akan
diperlakukan berbeda dari alat lainnya,
diperlakukan berbeda dari alat lainnya,
05:47
and that in some cases,
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dan dalam beberapa kasus,
05:49
for example, the case of a soldier
who becomes emotionally attached
who becomes emotionally attached
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contohnya, kasus tentara yang
jadi terikat secara emosional
jadi terikat secara emosional
05:52
to the robot that they work with,
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dengan robot yang bekerja sama dengan dia,
05:54
that can be anything
from inefficient to dangerous.
from inefficient to dangerous.
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dan itu tidak efisien, bahkan berbahaya.
05:58
But in other cases,
it can actually be useful
it can actually be useful
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Tapi pada kasus lain, sangat berguna
06:00
to foster this emotional
connection to robots.
connection to robots.
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jika kita memelihara keterkaitan emosi
dengan robot.
dengan robot.
06:04
We're already seeing some great use cases,
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Kita sudah tahu beberapa
contoh manfaatnya,
contoh manfaatnya,
06:06
for example, robots working
with autistic children
with autistic children
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misalnya, robot bekerja
dengan anak autis
dengan anak autis
06:08
to engage them in ways
that we haven't seen previously,
that we haven't seen previously,
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untuk mengajak mereka dengan cara
yang belum pernah kita tahu sebelumnya,
yang belum pernah kita tahu sebelumnya,
06:12
or robots working with teachers to engage
kids in learning with new results.
kids in learning with new results.
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atau robot bersama guru melibatkan
anak dalam belajar dengan hasil baru
anak dalam belajar dengan hasil baru
06:17
And it's not just for kids.
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Robot tidak hanya untuk anak.
06:19
Early studies show that robots
can help doctors and patients
can help doctors and patients
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Studi awal menunjukkan bahwa robot
bisa membantu dokter dan pasien
bisa membantu dokter dan pasien
06:22
in health care settings.
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dalam mengatur kesehatan.
06:25
This is the PARO baby seal robot.
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Inilah PARO, robot bayi anjing laut.
06:27
It's used in nursing homes
and with dementia patients.
and with dementia patients.
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Dia digunakan di panti jompo
dan untuk pasien demensia.
dan untuk pasien demensia.
06:30
It's been around for a while.
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Dia sudah lama digunakan.
06:32
And I remember, years ago,
being at a party
being at a party
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Saya ingat, beberapa tahun lalu,
saat di sebuah pesta,
saat di sebuah pesta,
06:35
and telling someone about this robot,
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saya memberi tahu seseorang
tentang robot ini,
tentang robot ini,
06:38
and her response was,
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dan respons dia,
06:40
"Oh my gosh.
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"Ya ampun.
06:42
That's horrible.
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Mengerikan.
06:45
I can't believe we're giving people
robots instead of human care."
robots instead of human care."
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Sulit dipercaya, kita memberi mereka robot
bukan perawatan manusia."
bukan perawatan manusia."
06:50
And this is a really common response,
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Dan ini respons yang amat umum,
06:52
and I think it's absolutely correct,
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dan saya pikir itu sangat tepat,
06:54
because that would be terrible.
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karena itu bisa jadi mengerikan.
06:57
But in this case,
it's not what this robot replaces.
it's not what this robot replaces.
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Tapi kasus ini
bukan soal apa yang robot gantikan.
bukan soal apa yang robot gantikan.
07:00
What this robot replaces is animal therapy
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Yang digantikan oleh robot ini
adalah terapi hewan
adalah terapi hewan
07:04
in contexts where
we can't use real animals
we can't use real animals
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yang mana kita tidak bisa
menggunakan hewan sungguhan,
menggunakan hewan sungguhan,
07:07
but we can use robots,
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tapi bisa dengan robot,
07:08
because people will consistently treat
them more like an animal than a device.
them more like an animal than a device.
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sebab orang akan terus memperlakukan
mereka seperti hewan bukannya alat.
mereka seperti hewan bukannya alat.
07:15
Acknowledging this emotional
connection to robots
connection to robots
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Mengakui keterikatan emosional
pada robot ini
pada robot ini
07:17
can also help us anticipate challenges
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membantu kita
mengantisipasi tantangan
mengantisipasi tantangan
07:19
as these devices move into more intimate
areas of people's lives.
areas of people's lives.
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saat semua alat ini masuk lebih dalam
ke area intim kehidupan manusia.
ke area intim kehidupan manusia.
07:24
For example, is it OK
if your child's teddy bear robot
if your child's teddy bear robot
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Contohnya, apakah boleh
jika robot beruang teddy anak Anda
jika robot beruang teddy anak Anda
07:27
records private conversations?
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merekam percakapan pribadi?
07:29
Is it OK if your sex robot
has compelling in-app purchases?
has compelling in-app purchases?
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Apakah boleh jika robot seks Anda
menarik pembelian dalam aplikasi?
menarik pembelian dalam aplikasi?
07:33
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
07:35
Because robots plus capitalism
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Sebab robot plus kapitalisme
07:37
equals questions around
consumer protection and privacy.
consumer protection and privacy.
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sama dengan pertanyaan soal
perlindungan konsumen dan privasi.
perlindungan konsumen dan privasi.
07:42
And those aren't the only reasons
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Dan itu bukan satu-satunya alasan
07:44
that our behavior around
these machines could matter.
these machines could matter.
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bahwa tingkah laku kita pada
mesin ini memiliki arti.
mesin ini memiliki arti.
07:48
A few years after that first
initial experience I had
initial experience I had
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Beberapa tahun setelah
pengalaman pertama saya
pengalaman pertama saya
07:52
with this baby dinosaur robot,
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dengan robot bayi dinosaurus ini,
07:54
I did a workshop
with my friend Hannes Gassert.
with my friend Hannes Gassert.
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saya dan rekan, Hannes Gassert
menggelar lokakarya.
menggelar lokakarya.
07:56
And we took five
of these baby dinosaur robots
of these baby dinosaur robots
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Kami mengambil lima robot bayi dinosaurus
07:59
and we gave them to five teams of people.
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dan memberikannya ke lima tim.
08:02
And we had them name them
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Dan kami menamai robot-robot itu
08:04
and play with them and interact with them
for about an hour.
for about an hour.
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lalu bermain dan berinteraksi
dengan mereka selama sekitar satu jam.
dengan mereka selama sekitar satu jam.
08:08
And then we unveiled
a hammer and a hatchet
a hammer and a hatchet
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Lalu kami mengeluarkan palu dan kapak,
08:10
and we told them to torture
and kill the robots.
and kill the robots.
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meminta mereka
menyiksa dan membunuh robot itu.
menyiksa dan membunuh robot itu.
08:13
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
08:16
And this turned out to be
a little more dramatic
a little more dramatic
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Hal ini ternyata jadi agak lebih dramatis
08:19
than we expected it to be,
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dari yang kami kira,
08:20
because none of the participants
would even so much as strike
would even so much as strike
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karena tidak satu pun peserta yang
mau memukul
mau memukul
08:23
these baby dinosaur robots,
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robot bayi dinosaurus ini,
08:24
so we had to improvise a little,
and at some point, we said,
and at some point, we said,
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jadi kami harus sedikit mengubahnya,
dan kami berkata,
dan kami berkata,
08:30
"OK, you can save your team's robot
if you destroy another team's robot."
if you destroy another team's robot."
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"Baik, robot tim Anda bisa selamat
asal Anda hancurkan robot tim lain"
asal Anda hancurkan robot tim lain"
08:34
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
08:36
And even that didn't work.
They couldn't do it.
They couldn't do it.
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Tidak berhasil juga.
Mereka tidak sanggup.
Mereka tidak sanggup.
08:39
So finally, we said,
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Akhirnya kami bilang,
08:40
"We're going to destroy all of the robots
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"Kami akan hancurkan semua robot
08:42
unless someone takes
a hatchet to one of them."
a hatchet to one of them."
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kecuali ada orang memukul salah satunya."
08:45
And this guy stood up,
and he took the hatchet,
and he took the hatchet,
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Dan pria ini berdiri lalu mengambil kapak,
08:49
and the whole room winced
as he brought the hatchet down
as he brought the hatchet down
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dan seluruh ruangan meringis saat dia
mengayunkan kapak
mengayunkan kapak
08:51
on the robot's neck,
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ke leher robot itu,
08:53
and there was this half-joking,
half-serious moment of silence in the room
half-serious moment of silence in the room
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lalu setengah bercanda, setengah serius
mereka mengheningkan cipta
mereka mengheningkan cipta
09:00
for this fallen robot.
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untuk robot yang gugur ini.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(Suara tawa)
09:03
So that was a really
interesting experience.
interesting experience.
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Itu sungguh pengalaman yang menarik.
09:06
Now, it wasn't a controlled
study, obviously,
study, obviously,
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Itu jelas bukan penelitian terkontrol,
09:09
but it did lead to some
later research that I did at MIT
later research that I did at MIT
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namun mengarah ke penelitian yang nanti
saya lakukan di MIT
saya lakukan di MIT
09:12
with Palash Nandy and Cynthia Breazeal,
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bersama Palash Nandy dan Cynthia Breazeal,
09:14
where we had people come into the lab
and smash these HEXBUGs
and smash these HEXBUGs
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di mana kami meminta orang-orang
ke laboratorium dan menghantam HEXBUG
ke laboratorium dan menghantam HEXBUG
09:18
that move around in a really
lifelike way, like insects.
lifelike way, like insects.
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yang bergerak sungguh nyata,
seperti serangga.
seperti serangga.
09:21
So instead of choosing something cute
that people are drawn to,
that people are drawn to,
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Jadi dari pada memilih sesuatu yang imut
sehingga orang tertarik,
sehingga orang tertarik,
09:24
we chose something more basic,
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kami memilih sesuatu yang lebih dasar,
09:26
and what we found
was that high-empathy people
was that high-empathy people
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dan yang kami temukan bahwa
orang yang tinggi rasa empatinya
orang yang tinggi rasa empatinya
09:30
would hesitate more to hit the HEXBUGS.
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akan lebih ragu untuk memukul HEXBUG.
09:33
Now this is just a little study,
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Nah, ini cuma penelitian kecil,
09:35
but it's part of a larger body of research
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tapi bagian dari
penelitian yang lebih besar
penelitian yang lebih besar
09:37
that is starting to indicate
that there may be a connection
that there may be a connection
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yang mulai mengindikasikan bahwa
mungkin ada hubungan
mungkin ada hubungan
09:40
between people's tendencies for empathy
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antara tendensi rasa empati seseorang
09:42
and their behavior around robots.
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dan perilaku mereka terhadap robot.
09:45
But my question for the coming era
of human-robot interaction
of human-robot interaction
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Tapi pertanyaan saya untuk
era interaksi robot-manusia nanti
era interaksi robot-manusia nanti
09:49
is not: "Do we empathize with robots?"
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bukan: "Apakah kita berempati pada robot?"
09:53
It's: "Can robots change
people's empathy?"
people's empathy?"
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Tapi: "Dapatkah robot mengubah
rasa empati manusia?"
rasa empati manusia?"
09:57
Is there reason to, for example,
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Misal, Apakah ada alasan untuk
09:59
prevent your child
from kicking a robotic dog,
from kicking a robotic dog,
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melarang anak Anda menendang robot anjing,
10:03
not just out of respect for property,
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bukan karena menghargai barang,
10:06
but because the child might be
more likely to kick a real dog?
more likely to kick a real dog?
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tapi karena si anak seperti
menendang anjing sungguhan?
menendang anjing sungguhan?
10:10
And again, it's not just kids.
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Dan lagi, bukan hanya anak-anak.
10:13
This is the violent video games question,
but it's on a completely new level
but it's on a completely new level
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Ini soal video game kekerasan,
tapi di tingkat yang berbeda
tapi di tingkat yang berbeda
10:17
because of this visceral physicality
that we respond more intensely to
that we respond more intensely to
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sebab karena nafsu mendalam ini
kita lebih merespons
kita lebih merespons
10:22
than to images on a screen.
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pada gambar di layar.
10:25
When we behave violently towards robots,
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Saat kita berperilaku kasar pada robot,
10:28
specifically robots
that are designed to mimic life,
that are designed to mimic life,
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khususnya robot yang
didesain meniru kehidupan,
didesain meniru kehidupan,
10:31
is that a healthy outlet
for violent behavior
for violent behavior
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apakah itu pelampiasan
perilaku kasar yang sehat
perilaku kasar yang sehat
10:35
or is that training our cruelty muscles?
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atau malah melatih otot-otot kejam kita?
10:39
We don't know ...
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Kita tidak tahu...
10:42
But the answer to this question has
the potential to impact human behavior,
the potential to impact human behavior,
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Tapi jawaban pertanyaan ini punya potensi
yang berdampak pada perilaku manusia,
yang berdampak pada perilaku manusia,
10:46
it has the potential
to impact social norms,
to impact social norms,
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punya potensi yang berdampak
pada norma sosial,
pada norma sosial,
10:49
it has the potential to inspire rules
around what we can and can't do
around what we can and can't do
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punya potensi mengilhami peraturan tentang
apa yang bisa dan tak bisa kita lakukan
apa yang bisa dan tak bisa kita lakukan
10:53
with certain robots,
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pada robot tertentu,
10:54
similar to our animal cruelty laws.
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seperti undang-undang tentang hewan.
10:57
Because even if robots can't feel,
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Sebab meski robot tidak bisa merasa,
11:00
our behavior towards them
might matter for us.
might matter for us.
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perilaku kita pada mereka
itu yang penting bagi kita.
itu yang penting bagi kita.
11:04
And regardless of whether
we end up changing our rules,
we end up changing our rules,
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terlepas dari kita mengubah
peraturannya atau tidak,
peraturannya atau tidak,
11:08
robots might be able to help us
come to a new understanding of ourselves.
come to a new understanding of ourselves.
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robot mungkin bisa membantu kita
mendapatkan pemahaman baru atas diri kita.
mendapatkan pemahaman baru atas diri kita.
11:14
Most of what I've learned
over the past 10 years
over the past 10 years
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Yang saya pelajari
lebih dari 10 tahun
lebih dari 10 tahun
11:16
has not been about technology at all.
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sebagian besar bukan soal teknologi.
11:18
It's been about human psychology
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Namun soal psikologi manusia
11:21
and empathy and how we relate to others.
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empati, dan bagaimana
berhubungan dengan orang lain.
berhubungan dengan orang lain.
11:25
Because when a child is kind to a Roomba,
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Sebab saat seorang anak
bersikap baik pada Roomba,
bersikap baik pada Roomba,
11:29
when a soldier tries to save
a robot on the battlefield,
a robot on the battlefield,
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saat seorang tentara berusaha
menyelamatkan robot di medan perang,
menyelamatkan robot di medan perang,
11:33
or when a group of people refuses
to harm a robotic baby dinosaur,
to harm a robotic baby dinosaur,
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atau saat sekelompok orang menolak
melukai robot bayi dinosaurus,
melukai robot bayi dinosaurus,
11:38
those robots aren't just motors
and gears and algorithms.
and gears and algorithms.
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robot-robot itu bukan sekadar motor,
mesin, dan algoritma.
mesin, dan algoritma.
11:42
They're reflections of our own humanity.
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Merekalah
cerminan dari kemanusiaan kita.
cerminan dari kemanusiaan kita.
11:45
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
11:46
(Applause)
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(Suara tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kate Darling - Robot ethicistKate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future.
Why you should listen
Robots are taking increasingly bigger roles in life and business -- moving well beyond manufacturing and into transportation, education, medicine, care for the elderly, our offices and our homes. But ethics and law haven't caught up. Kate Darling, a pioneer in these fields, is helping quicken the pace.
A leading expert in robot ethics, Darling is a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab where she investigates social robotics and conducts experimental studies on human-robot interaction. Darling explores the emotional connection between people and life-like inventions, seeking to influence technology design and policy direction. Her writing and research anticipate difficult questions that lawmakers, engineers and the wider public must address as human-robot relationships evolve in the coming decades.
While her background is in intellectual property and law and economics, Darling's passion for technology and robots led her to interdisciplinary fields. She's a former Fellow and current Affiliate at the Harvard Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and a former fellow at the Yale Information Society Project, and she's an affiliate at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies.
Her work has been featured in Vogue, The New Yorker, The Guardian, BBC, NPR, PBS, The Boston Globe, Forbes, CBC, WIRED, Boston Magazine, The Atlantic, Slate, Die Zeit, The Japan Times and more. She is a contributing writer to Robohub and IEEE Spectrum and speaks and holds workshops covering some of the more interesting developments in the world of robotics, and where we might find ourselves in the future.
Darling graduated from law school with honors and holds a doctorate of sciences from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) and an honorary doctorate of sciences from Middlebury College. In 2017, the American Bar Association honored her legal work with the Mark T. Banner award in Intellectual Property. She is the caretaker for several domestic robots, including her Pleos Yochai, Peter, and Mr. Spaghetti. She tweets as @grok_ about eating cheerios for dinner.
Kate Darling | Speaker | TED.com