TED Salon Samsung
Kate Darling: Why we have an emotional connection to robots
凯特 · 达林: 我们为什么会对机器人有感情
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机器人伦理学家凯特 · 达林指出，我们还远无法开发出有感情的机器人，但我们已经对机器人产生了感觉，而这种本能会导致一些后果。通过这个演讲来一起了解我们在生物学上是如何将意图和生命投射到机器上的——以及机器人如何帮助我们更好地了解自己。
Kate Darling - Robot ethicist
Kate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future. Full bio
Kate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
There was a day, about 10 years ago,
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大概10年前的一天，
我让一个朋友头朝下地握持
一个小恐龙机器人。
一个小恐龙机器人。
00:15
when I asked a friend to hold
a baby dinosaur robot upside down.
a baby dinosaur robot upside down.
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00:21
It was this toy called a Pleo
that I had ordered,
that I had ordered,
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这个机器人是我订购的
一款叫做Pleo的玩具，
一款叫做Pleo的玩具，
00:25
and I was really excited about it
because I've always loved robots.
because I've always loved robots.
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我对此非常兴奋，因为我
一直都很喜欢机器人。
一直都很喜欢机器人。
00:29
And this one has really cool
technical features.
technical features.
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这个机器人有很酷的技术特征。
00:32
It had motors and touch sensors
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它有马达和触觉传感器，
00:34
and it had an infrared camera.
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还有一个红外摄像头。
00:36
And one of the things it had
was a tilt sensor,
was a tilt sensor,
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它还有一个部件是倾斜传感器，
所以它就会知道
自己面对的是什么方向。
自己面对的是什么方向。
00:39
so it knew what direction it was facing.
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00:42
And when you held it upside down,
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当你把它倒过来，
它会开始哭泣。
00:44
it would start to cry.
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00:46
And I thought this was super cool,
so I was showing it off to my friend,
so I was showing it off to my friend,
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我觉得这点非常酷，
所以我展示给我朋友看，
所以我展示给我朋友看，
我说：“抓住尾巴竖起来，
看看它会怎样。”
看看它会怎样。”
00:50
and I said, "Oh, hold it up by the tail.
See what it does."
See what it does."
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00:55
So we're watching
the theatrics of this robot
the theatrics of this robot
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于是我们看着这个机器人表演，
00:58
struggle and cry out.
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挣扎和哭泣。
01:02
And after a few seconds,
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几秒钟后，
01:04
it starts to bother me a little,
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我开始感到有点不安，
01:07
and I said, "OK, that's enough now.
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于是我说，“好了，差不多了，
01:11
Let's put him back down."
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我们把它放回去吧。”
然后我抚摸着机器人，让它停止哭泣。
01:14
And then I pet the robot
to make it stop crying.
to make it stop crying.
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01:18
And that was kind of
a weird experience for me.
a weird experience for me.
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这对我来说是一种奇怪的经历。
01:22
For one thing, I wasn't the most
maternal person at the time.
maternal person at the time.
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首先，我那时还不是个很有母性的人。
尽管在那之前的9个月，
我已经成为了一个母亲，
我已经成为了一个母亲，
01:26
Although since then I've become
a mother, nine months ago,
a mother, nine months ago,
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我还知道，当你让婴儿
大头朝下时，婴儿也会抽泣。
大头朝下时，婴儿也会抽泣。
01:29
and I've learned that babies also squirm
when you hold them upside down.
when you hold them upside down.
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（笑声）
01:32
(Laughter)
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01:35
But my response to this robot
was also interesting
was also interesting
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但我对这个机器人的反应也非常有趣，
01:37
because I knew exactly
how this machine worked,
how this machine worked,
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因为我确切地知道
这个机器工作的原理，
这个机器工作的原理，
然而我仍然感到有必要对它仁慈些。
01:41
and yet I still felt
compelled to be kind to it.
compelled to be kind to it.
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01:46
And that observation sparked a curiosity
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这个观察引起了好奇心，
让我花费了长达10年的时间去追寻。
01:49
that I've spent the past decade pursuing.
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01:52
Why did I comfort this robot?
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为什么我会去安慰这个机器人？
01:56
And one of the things I discovered
was that my treatment of this machine
was that my treatment of this machine
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我发现我对待这个机器人的方式
01:59
was more than just an awkward moment
in my living room,
in my living room,
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不仅是我起居室里一个尴尬时刻，
02:03
that in a world where we're increasingly
integrating robots into our lives,
integrating robots into our lives,
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在这个世界里，我们正越来越多地
将机器人融入到我们生活中，
将机器人融入到我们生活中，
像这样的本能可能会产生一些后果，
02:09
an instinct like that
might actually have consequences,
might actually have consequences,
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02:13
because the first thing that I discovered
is that it's not just me.
is that it's not just me.
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因为我发现的第一件事情是，
这并非只是发生在我身上的个例。
这并非只是发生在我身上的个例。
02:19
In 2007, the Washington Post
reported that the United States military
reported that the United States military
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2007年，华盛顿邮报报道称，美国军方
02:24
was testing this robot
that defused land mines.
that defused land mines.
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正在测试拆除地雷的机器人。
02:27
And the way it worked
was it was shaped like a stick insect
was it was shaped like a stick insect
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它的形状就像一只竹节虫，
用腿在雷区上行走，
02:30
and it would walk
around a minefield on its legs,
around a minefield on its legs,
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每次踩到地雷时，
它的一条腿就会被炸掉，
它的一条腿就会被炸掉，
02:32
and every time it stepped on a mine,
one of the legs would blow up,
one of the legs would blow up,
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然后继续用其他腿去引爆更多的地雷。
02:36
and it would continue on the other legs
to blow up more mines.
to blow up more mines.
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负责这次测试的上校
02:39
And the colonel who was in charge
of this testing exercise
of this testing exercise
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02:43
ends up calling it off,
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后来取消了这个测试，
02:45
because, he says, it's too inhumane
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因为他说，看着这个机器人
02:47
to watch this damaged robot
drag itself along the minefield.
drag itself along the minefield.
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拖着残破的身躯在雷区
挣扎行走，实在太不人道了。
挣扎行走，实在太不人道了。
02:54
Now, what would cause
a hardened military officer
a hardened military officer
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那么，是什么导致了一个强硬的军官
02:58
and someone like myself
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和像我这样的人
对机器人有这种反应呢？
03:00
to have this response to robots?
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03:03
Well, of course, we're primed
by science fiction and pop culture
by science fiction and pop culture
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不可否认，我们都被科幻小说
及流行文化所影响，
及流行文化所影响，
想要将这些东西拟人化，
03:06
to really want to personify these things,
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03:09
but it goes a little bit deeper than that.
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但真实情况还有着更深层的含义。
03:12
It turns out that we're biologically
hardwired to project intent and life
hardwired to project intent and life
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事实表明，我们天生就具有将意图和生活
03:17
onto any movement in our physical space
that seems autonomous to us.
that seems autonomous to us.
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投射到物理空间中，在我们
看来能自主行动的任何运动物体上。
看来能自主行动的任何运动物体上。
03:23
So people will treat all sorts
of robots like they're alive.
of robots like they're alive.
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所以人们像对待活物一样
对待各种各样的机器人。
对待各种各样的机器人。
03:26
These bomb-disposal units get names.
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这些拆弹机器人有自己的名字。
它们能获得荣誉勋章。
03:29
They get medals of honor.
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03:31
They've had funerals for them
with gun salutes.
with gun salutes.
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人们为它们举行了葬礼，并用礼炮向它们致敬。
03:34
And research shows that we do this
even with very simple household robots,
even with very simple household robots,
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研究还发现，我们即便对非常简单的
家居机器人也会这样，
家居机器人也会这样，
03:38
like the Roomba vacuum cleaner.
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比如Roomba吸尘器。
03:40
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:41
It's just a disc that roams
around your floor to clean it,
around your floor to clean it,
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它只是一个在你地板上
通过旋转进行清理的圆盘，
通过旋转进行清理的圆盘，
03:44
but just the fact it's moving
around on its own
around on its own
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但仅仅因为它能够自己移动，
03:47
will cause people to name the Roomba
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就会导致人们想要给Roomba取名，
03:49
and feel bad for the Roomba
when it gets stuck under the couch.
when it gets stuck under the couch.
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当它卡在沙发下时，还会替它感到难过。
03:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:54
And we can design robots
specifically to evoke this response,
specifically to evoke this response,
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我们可以专门设计机器人来唤起这种反应，
03:57
using eyes and faces or movements
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使用诸如眼睛，面孔或动作，
04:01
that people automatically,
subconsciously associate
subconsciously associate
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这些人们自动地，在潜意识中
04:04
with states of mind.
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与心智状态相联系的特征。
04:06
And there's an entire body of research
called human-robot interaction
called human-robot interaction
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这一整套叫做人机交互的研究
显示了这个方法的效果的确非常好。
04:09
that really shows how well this works.
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04:11
So for example, researchers
at Stanford University found out
at Stanford University found out
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比如，在斯坦福大学的研究者发现，
当你叫人们触摸机器人的私处时，
04:14
that it makes people really uncomfortable
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他们会感到很不舒服。
04:16
when you ask them to touch
a robot's private parts.
a robot's private parts.
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04:19
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
从这个以及更多其他研究中，
04:21
So from this, but from many other studies,
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我们知道人们会对这些栩栩如生的机器
04:23
we know, we know that people
respond to the cues given to them
respond to the cues given to them
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04:27
by these lifelike machines,
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给他们的线索做出反应，
即使他们知道它们只是机器。
04:29
even if they know that they're not real.
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04:33
Now, we're headed towards a world
where robots are everywhere.
where robots are everywhere.
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我们正迈入一个机器人
无处不在的社会。
无处不在的社会。
04:37
Robotic technology is moving out
from behind factory walls.
from behind factory walls.
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机器人科技正在走出工厂的围墙。
04:40
It's entering workplaces, households.
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它们正在进入工作场所，家居环境。
04:43
And as these machines that can sense
and make autonomous decisions and learn
and make autonomous decisions and learn
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随着这些能够感知并自己
做决定和学习的机器
做决定和学习的机器
04:50
enter into these shared spaces,
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进入这些共享空间，
04:52
I think that maybe the best
analogy we have for this
analogy we have for this
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我认为一个最好的类比就是
我们和动物的关系。
04:55
is our relationship with animals.
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04:57
Thousands of years ago,
we started to domesticate animals,
we started to domesticate animals,
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几千年前，我们开始驯养动物，
05:01
and we trained them for work
and weaponry and companionship.
and weaponry and companionship.
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我们训练它们为我们工作，
保护和陪伴我们。
保护和陪伴我们。
在这个历史进程中，我们把
有些动物当作工具或产品使用，
有些动物当作工具或产品使用，
05:05
And throughout history, we've treated
some animals like tools or like products,
some animals like tools or like products,
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对其它一些动物，我们则对它们很好，
05:10
and other animals,
we've treated with kindness
we've treated with kindness
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05:12
and we've given a place in society
as our companions.
as our companions.
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在社会中给予它们同伴的位置。
05:15
I think it's plausible we might start
to integrate robots in similar ways.
to integrate robots in similar ways.
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我认为我们可能会开始
以类似的方式整合机器人。
以类似的方式整合机器人。
05:21
And sure, animals are alive.
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当然，动物有生命。
机器人没有。
05:24
Robots are not.
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05:27
And I can tell you,
from working with roboticists,
from working with roboticists,
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作为机器人专家，我可以告诉各位，
05:30
that we're pretty far away from developing
robots that can feel anything.
robots that can feel anything.
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我们距离能产生感情的机器人还很遥远。
05:35
But we feel for them,
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但我们同情它们，
05:37
and that matters,
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这点很重要，
05:39
because if we're trying to integrate
robots into these shared spaces,
robots into these shared spaces,
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因为如果我们尝试把机器人
整合进这些共享空间，
整合进这些共享空间，
05:42
we need to understand that people will
treat them differently than other devices,
treat them differently than other devices,
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就需要懂得人们会把它们
与其他设备区别对待，
与其他设备区别对待，
05:47
and that in some cases,
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而且在有些场景下，
05:49
for example, the case of a soldier
who becomes emotionally attached
who becomes emotionally attached
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比如，那个士兵对一起工作的机器人
05:52
to the robot that they work with,
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产生情感依恋的例子，
05:54
that can be anything
from inefficient to dangerous.
from inefficient to dangerous.
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这可能是低效的，也可能是危险的。
05:58
But in other cases,
it can actually be useful
it can actually be useful
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但在其他场景下，
培养与机器人的情感联系
培养与机器人的情感联系
06:00
to foster this emotional
connection to robots.
connection to robots.
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可能非常有用。
06:04
We're already seeing some great use cases,
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我们已经看到了一些很好的使用场景，
06:06
for example, robots working
with autistic children
with autistic children
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比如跟自闭症儿童一起的机器人
06:08
to engage them in ways
that we haven't seen previously,
that we haven't seen previously,
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以我们前所未见的方式与他们互动，
06:12
or robots working with teachers to engage
kids in learning with new results.
kids in learning with new results.
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或者让机器人与老师共事，
在帮助孩子们学习方面获得新的成果。
在帮助孩子们学习方面获得新的成果。
06:17
And it's not just for kids.
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并且并不只适用于儿童。
06:19
Early studies show that robots
can help doctors and patients
can help doctors and patients
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早期的研究发现机器人
可以在医疗保健领域
可以在医疗保健领域
06:22
in health care settings.
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帮助医生和病人。
06:25
This is the PARO baby seal robot.
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这是帕罗婴儿海豹机器人。
06:27
It's used in nursing homes
and with dementia patients.
and with dementia patients.
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它被用于疗养院来陪伴老年痴呆症患者。
06:30
It's been around for a while.
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它已经面世有阵子了。
06:32
And I remember, years ago,
being at a party
being at a party
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我记得若干年前，在参与的一次聚会上
06:35
and telling someone about this robot,
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跟人讲到这个机器人时，
06:38
and her response was,
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她的反应往往是，
06:40
"Oh my gosh.
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“哦，天哪。
06:42
That's horrible.
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太可怕了。
06:45
I can't believe we're giving people
robots instead of human care."
robots instead of human care."
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我无法相信我们给人们的是
机器人护理，而不是人类护理。”
机器人护理，而不是人类护理。”
06:50
And this is a really common response,
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这是一个非常普遍的反应，
06:52
and I think it's absolutely correct,
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我觉得这是完全正确的，
06:54
because that would be terrible.
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因为这可能会很可怕。
06:57
But in this case,
it's not what this robot replaces.
it's not what this robot replaces.
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但在这个场景下，机器人替代的不是护理。
07:00
What this robot replaces is animal therapy
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机器人替代的是动物疗法，
07:04
in contexts where
we can't use real animals
we can't use real animals
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这可以用在无法使用真正动物，
但可以使用机器人的场合中，
07:07
but we can use robots,
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07:08
because people will consistently treat
them more like an animal than a device.
them more like an animal than a device.
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因为人们会把它们当成
动物而不是设备看待。
动物而不是设备看待。
07:15
Acknowledging this emotional
connection to robots
connection to robots
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承认这种与机器人的情感联系
07:17
can also help us anticipate challenges
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也能帮助我们预见到挑战，
07:19
as these devices move into more intimate
areas of people's lives.
areas of people's lives.
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随着这些设备将进入
人们生活中更亲密的领域。
人们生活中更亲密的领域。
07:24
For example, is it OK
if your child's teddy bear robot
if your child's teddy bear robot
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比如，用你孩子的玩具熊机器人
07:27
records private conversations?
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录制私人对话是否合适？
你的性爱机器人有强制的
内置付费系统是否合适？
内置付费系统是否合适？
07:29
Is it OK if your sex robot
has compelling in-app purchases?
has compelling in-app purchases?
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07:33
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:35
Because robots plus capitalism
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因为机器人加上资本
07:37
equals questions around
consumer protection and privacy.
consumer protection and privacy.
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就等于消费者保护和隐私问题。
07:42
And those aren't the only reasons
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这些还不是我们对待
07:44
that our behavior around
these machines could matter.
these machines could matter.
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这些机器人的行为
之所以重要的唯一原因。
之所以重要的唯一原因。
07:48
A few years after that first
initial experience I had
initial experience I had
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在我第一次见到这只小恐龙机器人的
07:52
with this baby dinosaur robot,
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几年后，
07:54
I did a workshop
with my friend Hannes Gassert.
with my friend Hannes Gassert.
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我和朋友汉内斯 · 加瑟特
开展了一次研讨会。
开展了一次研讨会。
07:56
And we took five
of these baby dinosaur robots
of these baby dinosaur robots
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我们拿了5个小恐龙机器人，
07:59
and we gave them to five teams of people.
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把它们分给5队人。
08:02
And we had them name them
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我们让他们为它们取名，
08:04
and play with them and interact with them
for about an hour.
for about an hour.
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陪伴它们一起互动大约一个小时。
08:08
And then we unveiled
a hammer and a hatchet
a hammer and a hatchet
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然后我们拿出了斧头和锤子
08:10
and we told them to torture
and kill the robots.
and kill the robots.
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让他们去折磨和杀死机器人。
08:13
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:16
And this turned out to be
a little more dramatic
a little more dramatic
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这个结果比我们想的
08:19
than we expected it to be,
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要更有戏剧性，
因为甚至没有一个参与者去攻击
08:20
because none of the participants
would even so much as strike
would even so much as strike
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08:23
these baby dinosaur robots,
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这些小恐龙机器人。
08:24
so we had to improvise a little,
and at some point, we said,
and at some point, we said,
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所以我们得临时凑合一下，
在某个时候，我们说，
在某个时候，我们说，
08:30
"OK, you can save your team's robot
if you destroy another team's robot."
if you destroy another team's robot."
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“好吧，你可以保住你们队的机器人，
但前提是把其它队的机器人毁掉。”
但前提是把其它队的机器人毁掉。”
（笑声）
08:34
(Laughter)
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08:36
And even that didn't work.
They couldn't do it.
They couldn't do it.
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即便这样也没用，他们不愿意去做。
08:39
So finally, we said,
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所以最后，我们说，
“我们将要毁掉所有的机器人，
08:40
"We're going to destroy all of the robots
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08:42
unless someone takes
a hatchet to one of them."
a hatchet to one of them."
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除非有人拿短柄斧砍掉它们中的一个。”
08:45
And this guy stood up,
and he took the hatchet,
and he took the hatchet,
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有个人站了起来，他拿起斧头，
08:49
and the whole room winced
as he brought the hatchet down
as he brought the hatchet down
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当他把斧头砍到机器人的脖子上时，
08:51
on the robot's neck,
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整个房间的人都缩了回去，
08:53
and there was this half-joking,
half-serious moment of silence in the room
half-serious moment of silence in the room
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房间中出现了一个为这个
倒下的机器人半玩笑半严肃的
倒下的机器人半玩笑半严肃的
09:00
for this fallen robot.
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沉默时刻。
（笑声）
09:01
(Laughter)
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09:03
So that was a really
interesting experience.
interesting experience.
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那真是一个有趣的体验。
它不是一个对照实验，显然不是，
09:06
Now, it wasn't a controlled
study, obviously,
study, obviously,
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09:09
but it did lead to some
later research that I did at MIT
later research that I did at MIT
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但这引发了我后来在麻省理工
09:12
with Palash Nandy and Cynthia Breazeal,
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跟帕拉什 · 南迪和
辛西娅 · 布雷西亚尔做的研究，
辛西娅 · 布雷西亚尔做的研究，
我们让来到实验室的人们打碎这些
09:14
where we had people come into the lab
and smash these HEXBUGs
and smash these HEXBUGs
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09:18
that move around in a really
lifelike way, like insects.
lifelike way, like insects.
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像活生生的昆虫那样移动的遥控电子甲虫。
与选择人们喜欢的可爱东西相比，
09:21
So instead of choosing something cute
that people are drawn to,
that people are drawn to,
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09:24
we chose something more basic,
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我们选择了一些更基本的东西，
我们发现富有同情心的人们
09:26
and what we found
was that high-empathy people
was that high-empathy people
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09:30
would hesitate more to hit the HEXBUGS.
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在击碎这些机器昆虫时要更加犹豫。
09:33
Now this is just a little study,
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这只是一个小小的研究，
但它是一个更大范围研究的一部分，
09:35
but it's part of a larger body of research
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这开始表明人们的同情心
09:37
that is starting to indicate
that there may be a connection
that there may be a connection
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09:40
between people's tendencies for empathy
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与他们对待机器人的行为
09:42
and their behavior around robots.
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可能存在某种联系。
09:45
But my question for the coming era
of human-robot interaction
of human-robot interaction
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但我对即将到来的人机交互时代的问题
09:49
is not: "Do we empathize with robots?"
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并不是：“我们对机器人会产生同情心吗？”
09:53
It's: "Can robots change
people's empathy?"
people's empathy?"
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而是：“机器人会改变人类的同情心吗？”
09:57
Is there reason to, for example,
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是不是存在这样的原因，比如说，
09:59
prevent your child
from kicking a robotic dog,
from kicking a robotic dog,
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阻止你的孩子踢一只机器狗，
10:03
not just out of respect for property,
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不只是出于对财产的尊重，
而是因为孩子更可能会去踢一只真的狗？
10:06
but because the child might be
more likely to kick a real dog?
more likely to kick a real dog?
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10:10
And again, it's not just kids.
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并且，这不只适用于儿童。
10:13
This is the violent video games question,
but it's on a completely new level
but it's on a completely new level
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这是一个关于暴力游戏的问题，
但这个问题上升到了一个全新的水平，
但这个问题上升到了一个全新的水平，
10:17
because of this visceral physicality
that we respond more intensely to
that we respond more intensely to
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因为这种出于本能的物质性行为要比我们
对屏幕上的图像反应更强烈。
10:22
than to images on a screen.
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10:25
When we behave violently towards robots,
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当我们对机器人，对专门设计来
10:28
specifically robots
that are designed to mimic life,
that are designed to mimic life,
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模拟生命的机器人表现出暴力行径时，
这是暴力行为的健康疏导
10:31
is that a healthy outlet
for violent behavior
for violent behavior
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10:35
or is that training our cruelty muscles?
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还是在培养我们实施残忍行径的力量？
10:39
We don't know ...
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我们还不知道…
10:42
But the answer to this question has
the potential to impact human behavior,
the potential to impact human behavior,
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但这个问题的答案有可能影响人类行为，
10:46
it has the potential
to impact social norms,
to impact social norms,
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它有可能影响社会规范，
10:49
it has the potential to inspire rules
around what we can and can't do
around what we can and can't do
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可能会启发我们制定对特定
机器人能做什么和不能做什么的
机器人能做什么和不能做什么的
10:53
with certain robots,
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规则，
就类似于我们的动物虐待法。
10:54
similar to our animal cruelty laws.
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10:57
Because even if robots can't feel,
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因为即便机器人不能感知，
我们对待它们的行为也可能
对我们有着重要意义。
对我们有着重要意义。
11:00
our behavior towards them
might matter for us.
might matter for us.
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11:04
And regardless of whether
we end up changing our rules,
we end up changing our rules,
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不管我们是否最终会改变我们的规则，
11:08
robots might be able to help us
come to a new understanding of ourselves.
come to a new understanding of ourselves.
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机器人也许能帮助我们对
自己有一个全新的认识。
自己有一个全新的认识。
11:14
Most of what I've learned
over the past 10 years
over the past 10 years
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我在过去10年中学到的经验大部分
11:16
has not been about technology at all.
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跟技术无关，
而是关于人类心理学，
11:18
It's been about human psychology
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11:21
and empathy and how we relate to others.
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同情心，以及我们如何与他人相处。
11:25
Because when a child is kind to a Roomba,
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因为当一个儿童友好地对待Roomba时，
11:29
when a soldier tries to save
a robot on the battlefield,
a robot on the battlefield,
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当一个士兵试图拯救战场上的机器人时，
或者当一组人拒绝伤害小恐龙机器人时，
11:33
or when a group of people refuses
to harm a robotic baby dinosaur,
to harm a robotic baby dinosaur,
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11:38
those robots aren't just motors
and gears and algorithms.
and gears and algorithms.
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这些机器人就不只是马达，齿轮和算法。
11:42
They're reflections of our own humanity.
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它们映射出了我们的人性。
11:45
Thank you.
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谢谢。
（鼓掌）
11:46
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kate Darling - Robot ethicistKate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future.
Why you should listen
Robots are taking increasingly bigger roles in life and business -- moving well beyond manufacturing and into transportation, education, medicine, care for the elderly, our offices and our homes. But ethics and law haven't caught up. Kate Darling, a pioneer in these fields, is helping quicken the pace.
A leading expert in robot ethics, Darling is a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab where she investigates social robotics and conducts experimental studies on human-robot interaction. Darling explores the emotional connection between people and life-like inventions, seeking to influence technology design and policy direction. Her writing and research anticipate difficult questions that lawmakers, engineers and the wider public must address as human-robot relationships evolve in the coming decades.
While her background is in intellectual property and law and economics, Darling's passion for technology and robots led her to interdisciplinary fields. She's a former Fellow and current Affiliate at the Harvard Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and a former fellow at the Yale Information Society Project, and she's an affiliate at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies.
Her work has been featured in Vogue, The New Yorker, The Guardian, BBC, NPR, PBS, The Boston Globe, Forbes, CBC, WIRED, Boston Magazine, The Atlantic, Slate, Die Zeit, The Japan Times and more. She is a contributing writer to Robohub and IEEE Spectrum and speaks and holds workshops covering some of the more interesting developments in the world of robotics, and where we might find ourselves in the future.
Darling graduated from law school with honors and holds a doctorate of sciences from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) and an honorary doctorate of sciences from Middlebury College. In 2017, the American Bar Association honored her legal work with the Mark T. Banner award in Intellectual Property. She is the caretaker for several domestic robots, including her Pleos Yochai, Peter, and Mr. Spaghetti. She tweets as @grok_ about eating cheerios for dinner.
Kate Darling | Speaker | TED.com