TED Salon Samsung
Kate Darling: Why we have an emotional connection to robots
凱特 · 達琳: 為什麽我們會與機器人建立情感聯結
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我們還遠不足以開發出能感知情感的機器人，但是我們已經對他們懷有感情，機器人倫理學家凱特 · 達琳說道。並且，像這樣的本能會產生影響。瞭解更多關於我們與生俱來的天性如何讓我們會為機器賦予意圖和生命——以及它如何幫助我們更瞭解我們自身。
Kate Darling - Robot ethicist
Kate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future. Full bio
Kate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
There was a day, about 10 years ago,
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10 年前的某一天，
00:15
when I asked a friend to hold
a baby dinosaur robot upside down.
a baby dinosaur robot upside down.
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我叫我的一個朋友
倒著抓住一只恐龍寶寶機器人。
倒著抓住一只恐龍寶寶機器人。
00:21
It was this toy called a Pleo
that I had ordered,
that I had ordered,
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這是我訂購的玩具，叫做「普里奧」，
00:25
and I was really excited about it
because I've always loved robots.
because I've always loved robots.
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我對此很興奮，因為
我對機器人情有獨鍾。
我對機器人情有獨鍾。
00:29
And this one has really cool
technical features.
technical features.
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這隻機器人使用了很酷的技術。
00:32
It had motors and touch sensors
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它裝備了一些馬達和觸摸感應器，
00:34
and it had an infrared camera.
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以及一個紅外線攝影機。
00:36
And one of the things it had
was a tilt sensor,
was a tilt sensor,
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此外，它還有一個傾斜感應器，
00:39
so it knew what direction it was facing.
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所以它知道自己面對的方向。
00:42
And when you held it upside down,
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當你倒過來抓住它，
00:44
it would start to cry.
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它會開始哭。
00:46
And I thought this was super cool,
so I was showing it off to my friend,
so I was showing it off to my friend,
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我覺得這真是酷斃了，
所以我自豪地向朋友展示它，
所以我自豪地向朋友展示它，
00:50
and I said, "Oh, hold it up by the tail.
See what it does."
See what it does."
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我說：「噢，抓它的尾巴，
吊著它，看它會怎麽樣。」
吊著它，看它會怎麽樣。」
00:55
So we're watching
the theatrics of this robot
the theatrics of this robot
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然後我們看著這隻機器人
裝模作樣地掙扎和哭喊。
00:58
struggle and cry out.
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01:02
And after a few seconds,
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幾秒鐘之後，
01:04
it starts to bother me a little,
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它開始令我心煩，
01:07
and I said, "OK, that's enough now.
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我說：「好了，夠了。
01:11
Let's put him back down."
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我們放下它。」
01:14
And then I pet the robot
to make it stop crying.
to make it stop crying.
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接着我安撫這隻機器人，
讓它平靜下來。
讓它平靜下來。
01:18
And that was kind of
a weird experience for me.
a weird experience for me.
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這件事讓我感覺十分怪異。
01:22
For one thing, I wasn't the most
maternal person at the time.
maternal person at the time.
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一方面，我在那時
並不如母親一般慈愛。
並不如母親一般慈愛。
01:26
Although since then I've become
a mother, nine months ago,
a mother, nine months ago,
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直到九個月前，我成為了母親，
01:29
and I've learned that babies also squirm
when you hold them upside down.
when you hold them upside down.
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我才知道原來寶寶在被
倒著抓住時也會掙扎扭動。
倒著抓住時也會掙扎扭動。
01:32
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:35
But my response to this robot
was also interesting
was also interesting
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但是我對這隻機器人的
反應也耐人尋味，
反應也耐人尋味，
01:37
because I knew exactly
how this machine worked,
how this machine worked,
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因為，即使我對這臺
機器的工作原理一清二楚，
機器的工作原理一清二楚，
01:41
and yet I still felt
compelled to be kind to it.
compelled to be kind to it.
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但我仍然情不自禁地
對它生出惻隱之心。
對它生出惻隱之心。
01:46
And that observation sparked a curiosity
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這個觀察結果激起了我的好奇心，
01:49
that I've spent the past decade pursuing.
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讓我在過去這十年不斷探究：
01:52
Why did I comfort this robot?
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為什麼我會安撫這隻機器人？
01:56
And one of the things I discovered
was that my treatment of this machine
was that my treatment of this machine
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我的其中一個發現就是：
我對這臺機器的所作所為
我對這臺機器的所作所為
不僅僅只是客廳裡一個尷尬的
小插曲，它說明了更多東西。
小插曲，它說明了更多東西。
01:59
was more than just an awkward moment
in my living room,
in my living room,
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02:03
that in a world where we're increasingly
integrating robots into our lives,
integrating robots into our lives,
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在如今，我們的生活
與機器人日益親密無間，
與機器人日益親密無間，
02:09
an instinct like that
might actually have consequences,
might actually have consequences,
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類似上述行為的本能
可能會造成實在的影響，
可能會造成實在的影響，
02:13
because the first thing that I discovered
is that it's not just me.
is that it's not just me.
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因為我的第一個發現就是：
我不是唯一一個這樣做的人。
我不是唯一一個這樣做的人。
02:19
In 2007, the Washington Post
reported that the United States military
reported that the United States military
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2007 年，華盛頓郵報報導，
美國軍方正在測試
美國軍方正在測試
02:24
was testing this robot
that defused land mines.
that defused land mines.
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一種拆除地雷的機器人。
02:27
And the way it worked
was it was shaped like a stick insect
was it was shaped like a stick insect
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它是這樣工作的：
它的形狀類似於竹節蟲，
它的形狀類似於竹節蟲，
02:30
and it would walk
around a minefield on its legs,
around a minefield on its legs,
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它會用自己的「腿」在雷區附近移動。
02:32
and every time it stepped on a mine,
one of the legs would blow up,
one of the legs would blow up,
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每一次踩到地雷，
它都會被炸掉一隻腿，
它都會被炸掉一隻腿，
02:36
and it would continue on the other legs
to blow up more mines.
to blow up more mines.
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然後它會用其它的「腿」
繼續移動，引爆更多的地雷。
繼續移動，引爆更多的地雷。
02:39
And the colonel who was in charge
of this testing exercise
of this testing exercise
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那位負責這項測試工作的上校
02:43
ends up calling it off,
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最終取消了它。
02:45
because, he says, it's too inhumane
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因為他說，看著這些傷痕累累的機器人
02:47
to watch this damaged robot
drag itself along the minefield.
drag itself along the minefield.
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在雷區掙扎前行實在是慘無人道。
02:54
Now, what would cause
a hardened military officer
a hardened military officer
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那麽，又是什麼讓這位老練的軍官
02:58
and someone like myself
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以及像我這樣的人
03:00
to have this response to robots?
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對機器人做出這種反應？
03:03
Well, of course, we're primed
by science fiction and pop culture
by science fiction and pop culture
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當然，我們受科幻小說
和流行文化的影響，
和流行文化的影響，
03:06
to really want to personify these things,
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已經躍躍欲試要將這些事物人格化，
03:09
but it goes a little bit deeper than that.
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但還不止於此。
03:12
It turns out that we're biologically
hardwired to project intent and life
hardwired to project intent and life
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事實證明，對於身邊任何
看來像是自發做出的動作，
看來像是自發做出的動作，
03:17
onto any movement in our physical space
that seems autonomous to us.
that seems autonomous to us.
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生物天性決定了我們
會為其賦予意圖和生命。
會為其賦予意圖和生命。
03:23
So people will treat all sorts
of robots like they're alive.
of robots like they're alive.
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所以人們會把各種各樣的
機器人當成生命對待。
機器人當成生命對待。
03:26
These bomb-disposal units get names.
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這些炸彈處理單位被賦予了名字。
03:29
They get medals of honor.
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它們被授予了榮譽勛章。
03:31
They've had funerals for them
with gun salutes.
with gun salutes.
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在它們的葬禮上，人們以禮炮致敬。
03:34
And research shows that we do this
even with very simple household robots,
even with very simple household robots,
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研究表明，甚至對於構造簡單的
家用機器人，我們也是如此，
家用機器人，我們也是如此，
03:38
like the Roomba vacuum cleaner.
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例如「Roomba 吸塵器機器人」。
03:40
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:41
It's just a disc that roams
around your floor to clean it,
around your floor to clean it,
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它只是一個圓盤，
在地板上遊蕩並打掃，
在地板上遊蕩並打掃，
03:44
but just the fact it's moving
around on its own
around on its own
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但僅因為它自己四處移動，
03:47
will cause people to name the Roomba
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也會讓人們親昵地幫它取名字，
03:49
and feel bad for the Roomba
when it gets stuck under the couch.
when it gets stuck under the couch.
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當它被卡在沙發下時
還會給予同情。
還會給予同情。
03:52
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:54
And we can design robots
specifically to evoke this response,
specifically to evoke this response,
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並且我們能專門為此
來設計機器人，
來設計機器人，
03:57
using eyes and faces or movements
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藉助眼睛、面部或者動作，
04:01
that people automatically,
subconsciously associate
subconsciously associate
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人們在潛意識裏
會自動將其與某種心情聯繫起來。
04:04
with states of mind.
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04:06
And there's an entire body of research
called human-robot interaction
called human-robot interaction
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一系列「人與機器人互動」的研究
04:09
that really shows how well this works.
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都表明了這種機制的運作多麼廣泛。
04:11
So for example, researchers
at Stanford University found out
at Stanford University found out
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例如，史丹佛大學的研究者發現
04:14
that it makes people really uncomfortable
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當要求人們去觸碰機器人的私處時，
04:16
when you ask them to touch
a robot's private parts.
a robot's private parts.
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他們會感到非常不適。
04:19
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:21
So from this, but from many other studies,
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因此，從很多研究看來，
04:23
we know, we know that people
respond to the cues given to them
respond to the cues given to them
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我們知道人們會對這些
逼真的機器人所帶來的暗示
逼真的機器人所帶來的暗示
04:27
by these lifelike machines,
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作出反應，
04:29
even if they know that they're not real.
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即使人們知道它們並非生命。
04:33
Now, we're headed towards a world
where robots are everywhere.
where robots are everywhere.
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我們正進入一個
機器人已無處不在的世界，
機器人已無處不在的世界，
04:37
Robotic technology is moving out
from behind factory walls.
from behind factory walls.
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機器人技術打破藩籬，開始走出工廠。
04:40
It's entering workplaces, households.
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它進入了工作場所、家庭。
04:43
And as these machines that can sense
and make autonomous decisions and learn
and make autonomous decisions and learn
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隨着這些能夠感知、
自主決策及學習的機器
自主決策及學習的機器
04:50
enter into these shared spaces,
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進入這些公共場所，
04:52
I think that maybe the best
analogy we have for this
analogy we have for this
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我認為，也許對此最好的類比就是
04:55
is our relationship with animals.
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我們與動物之間的關係。
04:57
Thousands of years ago,
we started to domesticate animals,
we started to domesticate animals,
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數千年前，我們開始馴養動物，
05:01
and we trained them for work
and weaponry and companionship.
and weaponry and companionship.
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它們被我們馴化：付出勞動、
作為武器，並陪伴我們。
作為武器，並陪伴我們。
05:05
And throughout history, we've treated
some animals like tools or like products,
some animals like tools or like products,
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在歷史上，我們把一些動物
當作工具或者產品，
當作工具或者產品，
05:10
and other animals,
we've treated with kindness
we've treated with kindness
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而對於另一些動物，我們予以善待
05:12
and we've given a place in society
as our companions.
as our companions.
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並為它們保留一席之地，
成為我們的夥伴。
成為我們的夥伴。
05:15
I think it's plausible we might start
to integrate robots in similar ways.
to integrate robots in similar ways.
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我認為，我們以相似的方式
接納機器人，是合情合理的。
接納機器人，是合情合理的。
05:21
And sure, animals are alive.
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當然，動物是活的，
05:24
Robots are not.
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而機器人不是。
05:27
And I can tell you,
from working with roboticists,
from working with roboticists,
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實話實說，與機器人
專家共事讓我得知
專家共事讓我得知
05:30
that we're pretty far away from developing
robots that can feel anything.
robots that can feel anything.
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我們還遠不足以開發出
能有任何感受的機器人。
能有任何感受的機器人。
05:35
But we feel for them,
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但是我們同情它們，
05:37
and that matters,
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這很重要。
05:39
because if we're trying to integrate
robots into these shared spaces,
robots into these shared spaces,
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因為如果想要讓機器人
融入這些公共空間，
融入這些公共空間，
05:42
we need to understand that people will
treat them differently than other devices,
treat them differently than other devices,
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我們需要瞭解：人們對待
它們與其他設備的方式會不同。
它們與其他設備的方式會不同。
05:47
and that in some cases,
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在某些情況下，
05:49
for example, the case of a soldier
who becomes emotionally attached
who becomes emotionally attached
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例如，一位軍人對一同工作的機器人
05:52
to the robot that they work with,
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產生了情感依賴，
05:54
that can be anything
from inefficient to dangerous.
from inefficient to dangerous.
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這可能造成種種後果，
小到不便，大到危險。
小到不便，大到危險。
05:58
But in other cases,
it can actually be useful
it can actually be useful
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在其他情況下，
培養這種與機器人的情感聯結
培養這種與機器人的情感聯結
06:00
to foster this emotional
connection to robots.
connection to robots.
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是很有用處的。
06:04
We're already seeing some great use cases,
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我們已經看到了一些很好的例子，
06:06
for example, robots working
with autistic children
with autistic children
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例如，輔導自閉症兒童的機器人
06:08
to engage them in ways
that we haven't seen previously,
that we haven't seen previously,
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前所未有地吸引着孩子們，
06:12
or robots working with teachers to engage
kids in learning with new results.
kids in learning with new results.
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或者，與老師們共事的機器人
讓孩子們投入學習，取得了新成果。
讓孩子們投入學習，取得了新成果。
06:17
And it's not just for kids.
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這並非只限於孩子。
06:19
Early studies show that robots
can help doctors and patients
can help doctors and patients
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早期的研究顯示，
在醫療保健領域中，
在醫療保健領域中，
機器人能夠幫助醫生和病人。
06:22
in health care settings.
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06:25
This is the PARO baby seal robot.
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這是叫做「帕羅」的海豹寶寶機器人。
06:27
It's used in nursing homes
and with dementia patients.
and with dementia patients.
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它被用於養老院中，陪伴失智症患者。
06:30
It's been around for a while.
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這項服務已有一段時間了。
06:32
And I remember, years ago,
being at a party
being at a party
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我還記得，幾年前在一個聚會上，
06:35
and telling someone about this robot,
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我告訴某人關於這種機器人的事，
06:38
and her response was,
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她的反應是，
06:40
"Oh my gosh.
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「噢，天哪，
06:42
That's horrible.
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這太可怕了。
06:45
I can't believe we're giving people
robots instead of human care."
robots instead of human care."
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簡直難以置信，照顧人們的
竟然是機器人，而不是人工護理。」
竟然是機器人，而不是人工護理。」
06:50
And this is a really common response,
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這是相當普遍的反應，
06:52
and I think it's absolutely correct,
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而且我認為這也是人之常情，
06:54
because that would be terrible.
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因為那樣做真的非常糟糕。
06:57
But in this case,
it's not what this robot replaces.
it's not what this robot replaces.
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但在這裏，機器人
所替代的並非人工護理。
所替代的並非人工護理。
07:00
What this robot replaces is animal therapy
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機器人所替代的，是動物療法，
07:04
in contexts where
we can't use real animals
we can't use real animals
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在這種環境下，
我們不允許使用活的動物，
我們不允許使用活的動物，
07:07
but we can use robots,
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但我們可以使用機器人，
07:08
because people will consistently treat
them more like an animal than a device.
them more like an animal than a device.
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因為人們永遠會把它們
當作動物，而不是設備。
當作動物，而不是設備。
07:15
Acknowledging this emotional
connection to robots
connection to robots
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隨着這些設備日益走近人們的生活，
07:17
can also help us anticipate challenges
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承認與機器人的情感聯結
07:19
as these devices move into more intimate
areas of people's lives.
areas of people's lives.
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同樣能夠幫助我們
預料到即將面臨的挑戰。
預料到即將面臨的挑戰。
07:24
For example, is it OK
if your child's teddy bear robot
if your child's teddy bear robot
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例如，如果你孩子的泰迪熊機器人
07:27
records private conversations?
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會記録私人談話，這合理嗎？
07:29
Is it OK if your sex robot
has compelling in-app purchases?
has compelling in-app purchases?
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如果你的性愛機器人強烈
要求購買內置服務，這合理嗎？
要求購買內置服務，這合理嗎？
07:33
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:35
Because robots plus capitalism
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因為當機器人遇上資本主義，
07:37
equals questions around
consumer protection and privacy.
consumer protection and privacy.
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便會產生關於消費者保護
以及隱私方面的問題。
以及隱私方面的問題。
07:42
And those aren't the only reasons
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這些並不是唯一造成
我們對於這些機器的
行為十分重要的原因。
行為十分重要的原因。
07:44
that our behavior around
these machines could matter.
these machines could matter.
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07:48
A few years after that first
initial experience I had
initial experience I had
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在最初那場
對恐龍寶寶機器人的
實驗數年之後，
實驗數年之後，
07:52
with this baby dinosaur robot,
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07:54
I did a workshop
with my friend Hannes Gassert.
with my friend Hannes Gassert.
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我和朋友哈尼斯 · 哥薩特
開了個研討會。
開了個研討會。
07:56
And we took five
of these baby dinosaur robots
of these baby dinosaur robots
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我們拿了 5 個這樣的
恐龍寶寶機器人，
恐龍寶寶機器人，
07:59
and we gave them to five teams of people.
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分發給 5 組受試者。
08:02
And we had them name them
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我們讓人們給它們起名字，
08:04
and play with them and interact with them
for about an hour.
for about an hour.
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和它們一起玩耍、互動，
大約用了一個小時。
大約用了一個小時。
08:08
And then we unveiled
a hammer and a hatchet
a hammer and a hatchet
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然後我們拿出一隻錘子和斧頭，
08:10
and we told them to torture
and kill the robots.
and kill the robots.
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我們要受試者折磨並殺死機器人。
08:13
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:16
And this turned out to be
a little more dramatic
a little more dramatic
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實驗的結果比我們想象的
08:19
than we expected it to be,
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更有戲劇性，
08:20
because none of the participants
would even so much as strike
would even so much as strike
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因為參與者甚至都不忍敲打
08:23
these baby dinosaur robots,
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這些恐龍寶寶機器人，
08:24
so we had to improvise a little,
and at some point, we said,
and at some point, we said,
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所以我們不得不臨時變卦，
後來只好告訴他們，
後來只好告訴他們，
「好吧，如果摧毀了其他組的機器人，
你就能拯救自己的機器人了。」
你就能拯救自己的機器人了。」
08:30
"OK, you can save your team's robot
if you destroy another team's robot."
if you destroy another team's robot."
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08:34
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:36
And even that didn't work.
They couldn't do it.
They couldn't do it.
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即使是這樣也沒有起色。
他們同樣做不到。
他們同樣做不到。
08:39
So finally, we said,
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所以最後，我們說，
08:40
"We're going to destroy all of the robots
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「我們要摧毀所有的機器人了，
08:42
unless someone takes
a hatchet to one of them."
a hatchet to one of them."
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除非某個人拿起斧頭
對其中一個下手。
對其中一個下手。
08:45
And this guy stood up,
and he took the hatchet,
and he took the hatchet,
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某位仁兄站起來了，
他拿著斧頭，
他拿著斧頭，
08:49
and the whole room winced
as he brought the hatchet down
as he brought the hatchet down
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當他砍中機器人的脖子時，
整個房間的空氣都仿彿凝固了。
08:51
on the robot's neck,
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08:53
and there was this half-joking,
half-serious moment of silence in the room
half-serious moment of silence in the room
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這就是當時在房間裏
因為這隻倒下的機器人
因為這隻倒下的機器人
所帶來既幽默又嚴肅的時刻。
09:00
for this fallen robot.
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09:01
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:03
So that was a really
interesting experience.
interesting experience.
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這真是一段有趣的經歷。
09:06
Now, it wasn't a controlled
study, obviously,
study, obviously,
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當然，這不是一個具有控制組的研究，
09:09
but it did lead to some
later research that I did at MIT
later research that I did at MIT
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但它確實導向了
我在麻省理工學院
我在麻省理工學院
和帕拉斯 · 南迪和辛西婭 · 布雷西亞
一起做的一些後續的研究，
一起做的一些後續的研究，
09:12
with Palash Nandy and Cynthia Breazeal,
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09:14
where we had people come into the lab
and smash these HEXBUGs
and smash these HEXBUGs
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我們當時讓人們進入實驗室
粉碎這些電子甲蟲，
粉碎這些電子甲蟲，
09:18
that move around in a really
lifelike way, like insects.
lifelike way, like insects.
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它們像昆蟲一樣十分逼真地移動。
09:21
So instead of choosing something cute
that people are drawn to,
that people are drawn to,
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所以，與其選擇某種
吸引人們的可愛動物，
吸引人們的可愛動物，
09:24
we chose something more basic,
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我們選擇了更為簡單的東西，
09:26
and what we found
was that high-empathy people
was that high-empathy people
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我們發現，富有同情心的人
09:30
would hesitate more to hit the HEXBUGS.
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在粉碎電子甲蟲時會更加猶豫。
09:33
Now this is just a little study,
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這只是一個小研究，
09:35
but it's part of a larger body of research
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但這也屬於一個更大範疇的研究，
該研究開始表明：
在人們對同情之心的傾向
在人們對同情之心的傾向
09:37
that is starting to indicate
that there may be a connection
that there may be a connection
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09:40
between people's tendencies for empathy
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和他們對於機器人的行為之間
09:42
and their behavior around robots.
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或許存在聯繫。
09:45
But my question for the coming era
of human-robot interaction
of human-robot interaction
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但對於未來人類和機器互動的時代，
09:49
is not: "Do we empathize with robots?"
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我想問的並不是「我們會對
機器人產生同情嗎？」
機器人產生同情嗎？」
09:53
It's: "Can robots change
people's empathy?"
people's empathy?"
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而是「機器人能夠
改變我們的同情心嗎？」
改變我們的同情心嗎？」
09:57
Is there reason to, for example,
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例如，
09:59
prevent your child
from kicking a robotic dog,
from kicking a robotic dog,
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阻止你的孩子踢一隻機器狗，
10:03
not just out of respect for property,
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且並非出於對財產的尊重，
10:06
but because the child might be
more likely to kick a real dog?
more likely to kick a real dog?
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而是因為如此孩子就更有可能
虐待真正的狗，這是否有道理？
虐待真正的狗，這是否有道理？
10:10
And again, it's not just kids.
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並且，同樣不侷限於孩子。
10:13
This is the violent video games question,
but it's on a completely new level
but it's on a completely new level
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這個問題源於暴力遊戲，
但它站在一個全新的角度，
但它站在一個全新的角度，
10:17
because of this visceral physicality
that we respond more intensely to
that we respond more intensely to
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因為這種自發的肢體
讓我們做出的反應
讓我們做出的反應
會比對螢幕上的圖片更強烈。
10:22
than to images on a screen.
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10:25
When we behave violently towards robots,
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當我們虐待機器人，
10:28
specifically robots
that are designed to mimic life,
that are designed to mimic life,
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尤其是那種被設計成
模仿生命的機器人，
模仿生命的機器人，
10:31
is that a healthy outlet
for violent behavior
for violent behavior
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這是對暴力行為的正常發泄，
10:35
or is that training our cruelty muscles?
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還是在助長我們的暴戾習性？
10:39
We don't know ...
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我們不知道……
10:42
But the answer to this question has
the potential to impact human behavior,
the potential to impact human behavior,
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但是這個問題的答案
能夠影響人類行為，
能夠影響人類行為，
10:46
it has the potential
to impact social norms,
to impact social norms,
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它能夠影響社會準則，
10:49
it has the potential to inspire rules
around what we can and can't do
around what we can and can't do
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它能夠啓發我們，對於
特定的機器人，哪些事能做，
特定的機器人，哪些事能做，
10:53
with certain robots,
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哪些事不能做。
10:54
similar to our animal cruelty laws.
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與我們的「動物保護法」相似。
10:57
Because even if robots can't feel,
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因為即使機器人無法感知情感，
11:00
our behavior towards them
might matter for us.
might matter for us.
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我們對它們的行為
對我們或許很重要。
對我們或許很重要。
11:04
And regardless of whether
we end up changing our rules,
we end up changing our rules,
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不論最後我們是否
改變了我們的準則，
改變了我們的準則，
11:08
robots might be able to help us
come to a new understanding of ourselves.
come to a new understanding of ourselves.
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機器人或許能夠幫助我們
再一次全新地認識我們自己。
再一次全新地認識我們自己。
11:14
Most of what I've learned
over the past 10 years
over the past 10 years
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我過去 10 年來
所瞭解的大部分內容
所瞭解的大部分內容
11:16
has not been about technology at all.
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並不是關於技術本身。
11:18
It's been about human psychology
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而是關於人類的心理、
11:21
and empathy and how we relate to others.
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同情心以及我們
如何與他人建立聯繫。
如何與他人建立聯繫。
11:25
Because when a child is kind to a Roomba,
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因為當一個孩子和善相待
Roomba 機器人時，
Roomba 機器人時，
11:29
when a soldier tries to save
a robot on the battlefield,
a robot on the battlefield,
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當一名軍人想在
戰場上拯救一名機器人時，
戰場上拯救一名機器人時，
11:33
or when a group of people refuses
to harm a robotic baby dinosaur,
to harm a robotic baby dinosaur,
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或者當一群人拒絶
傷害恐龍機器寶寶時，
傷害恐龍機器寶寶時，
11:38
those robots aren't just motors
and gears and algorithms.
and gears and algorithms.
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這些機器人已不再是
馬達、齒輪和演算法。
馬達、齒輪和演算法。
11:42
They're reflections of our own humanity.
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他們都折射出我們人性的光輝。
11:45
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:46
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kate Darling - Robot ethicistKate Darling investigates the relationship between humans and robots -- now, and in the future.
Why you should listen
Robots are taking increasingly bigger roles in life and business -- moving well beyond manufacturing and into transportation, education, medicine, care for the elderly, our offices and our homes. But ethics and law haven't caught up. Kate Darling, a pioneer in these fields, is helping quicken the pace.
A leading expert in robot ethics, Darling is a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab where she investigates social robotics and conducts experimental studies on human-robot interaction. Darling explores the emotional connection between people and life-like inventions, seeking to influence technology design and policy direction. Her writing and research anticipate difficult questions that lawmakers, engineers and the wider public must address as human-robot relationships evolve in the coming decades.
While her background is in intellectual property and law and economics, Darling's passion for technology and robots led her to interdisciplinary fields. She's a former Fellow and current Affiliate at the Harvard Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and a former fellow at the Yale Information Society Project, and she's an affiliate at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies.
Her work has been featured in Vogue, The New Yorker, The Guardian, BBC, NPR, PBS, The Boston Globe, Forbes, CBC, WIRED, Boston Magazine, The Atlantic, Slate, Die Zeit, The Japan Times and more. She is a contributing writer to Robohub and IEEE Spectrum and speaks and holds workshops covering some of the more interesting developments in the world of robotics, and where we might find ourselves in the future.
Darling graduated from law school with honors and holds a doctorate of sciences from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) and an honorary doctorate of sciences from Middlebury College. In 2017, the American Bar Association honored her legal work with the Mark T. Banner award in Intellectual Property. She is the caretaker for several domestic robots, including her Pleos Yochai, Peter, and Mr. Spaghetti. She tweets as @grok_ about eating cheerios for dinner.
Kate Darling | Speaker | TED.com