ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leila Takayama - Social scientist
Leila Takayama conducts research on human-robot interaction.

Why you should listen

Leila Takayama is an acting associate professor of Psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she founded and leads the Re-Embodied Cognition Lab. Her lab examines how people make sense of, interact with, and relate to new technologies. Prior to academia, she was a researcher at GoogleX and Willow Garage, where she developed a taste for working alongside engineers, designers, animators, and more. Her interdisciplinary research continues in her current work on what happens when people interact with robots and through robots.

Takayama is a World Economic Forum Global Futures Council Member and Young Global Leader. In 2015, she was presented the IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Early Career Award. In 2012, she was named a TR35 winner and one of the 100 most creative people in business by Fast Company. She completed her PhD in Communication at Stanford University in 2008, advised by Professor Clifford Nass. She also holds a PhD minor in Psychology from Stanford, a master's degree in Communication from Stanford, and bachelor's of arts degrees in Psychology and Cognitive Science from UC Berkeley (2003). During her graduate studies, she was a research assistant in the User Interface Research (UIR) group at Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).

Photo: Melissa DeWitt

More profile about the speaker
Leila Takayama | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxPaloAlto

Leila Takayama: What's it like to be a robot?

Leila Takayama: Como é ser um robô?

Filmed:
1,183,118 views

Já vivemos entre os robôs: ferramentas e máquinas como lava-louças e termostatos tão integrados em nossa vida que nunca pensaríamos em chamá-los assim. Como será um futuro com até mais robôs? A cientista social Leila Takayama compartilha alguns desafios únicos de design para interações homem-robô e o modo como a experiência com futuros robóticos nos leva realmente a um melhor conhecimento de nós mesmos.
- Social scientist
Leila Takayama conducts research on human-robot interaction. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
You only get one chance
to make a first impression,
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Só temos uma chance para causar
uma primeira impressão,
00:15
and that's true if you're a robot
as well as if you're a person.
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e isso vale se você é
um robô ou uma pessoa.
00:18
The first time that I met
one of these robots
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A primeira vez que conheci um desses robôs
00:21
was at a place
called Willow Garage in 2008.
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foi em Willow Garage, em 2008.
00:24
When I went to visit there,
my host walked me into the building
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Na minha visita, meu anfitrião
acompanhou-me no edifício,
00:27
and we met this little guy.
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e encontramos este carinha.
00:29
He was rolling into the hallway,
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Ele estava andando pelo saguão;
00:30
came up to me, sat there,
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aproximou-se de mim,
me encarou sem expressão;
00:32
stared blankly past me,
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00:35
did nothing for a while,
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não fez nada por um tempo;
00:36
rapidly spun his head around 180 degrees
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girou rapidamente a cabeça
cerca de 180 graus e fugiu.
00:38
and then ran away.
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00:40
And that was not a great first impression.
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Não foi uma primeira impressão muito boa.
00:42
The thing that I learned
about robots that day
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Naquele dia, aprendi que os robôs
00:44
is that they kind of do their own thing,
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agem sem uma total consciência de nós.
00:46
and they're not totally aware of us.
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00:49
And I think as we're experimenting
with these possible robot futures,
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Creio que, conforme passamos
por esses possíveis futuros com robôs,
00:52
we actually end up learning
a lot more about ourselves
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aprendemos muito mais sobre nós mesmos
do que apenas sobre essas máquinas.
00:54
as opposed to just these machines.
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00:56
And what I learned that day
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Aprendi que tinha muitas expectativas
para esse amiguinho.
00:58
was that I had pretty high
expectations for this little dude.
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01:01
He was not only supposed to be able
to navigate the physical world,
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Ele não só deveria ser capaz
de navegar no mundo físico,
01:04
but also be able
to navigate my social world --
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mas também em meu mundo social.
01:07
he's in my space; it's a personal robot.
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Ele está em meu espaço; é um robô pessoal.
01:09
wWhy didn't it understand me?
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Por que não me entendia?
01:11
My host explained to me,
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Meu anfitrião me explicou:
01:12
"Well, the robot is trying
to get from point A to point B,
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"O robô está tentando ir do ponto A ao B.
01:16
and you were an obstacle in his way,
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Como você estava no caminho,
ele teve que replanejá-lo,
01:17
so he had to replan his path,
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01:19
figure out where to go,
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descobrir para onde ir,
e chegar lá de outra maneira",
01:21
and then get there some other way,"
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o que não foi muito eficiente.
01:22
which was actually
not a very efficient thing to do.
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Se ele soubesse que eu era
uma pessoa e não uma cadeira,
01:25
If that robot had figured out
that I was a person, not a chair,
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01:28
and that I was willing
to get out of its way
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e que eu sairia do caminho
se ele tentasse chegar a algum lugar,
01:30
if it was trying to get somewhere,
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a tarefa dele teria sido mais eficiente
01:32
then it actually
would have been more efficient
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01:34
at getting its job done
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se tivesse notado que eu era humana
01:35
if it had bothered
to notice that I was a human
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e tinha capacidades diferentes
de uma cadeira ou uma parede.
01:38
and that I have different affordances
than things like chairs and walls do.
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Costumamos achar que robôs
são seres do espaço, do futuro
01:41
You know, we tend to think of these robots
as being from outer space
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01:45
and from the future
and from science fiction,
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ou da ficção científica.
Isso pode ser verdade,
01:47
and while that could be true,
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mas os robôs estão aqui hoje,
01:48
I'd actually like to argue
that robots are here today,
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01:51
and they live and work
amongst us right now.
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vivem e trabalham entre nós agora mesmo.
01:54
These are two robots that live in my home.
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Estes dois robôs trabalham em minha casa:
01:57
They vacuum the floors
and they cut the grass
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aspiram o chão e cortam a grama todo dia,
01:59
every single day,
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02:00
which is more than I would do
if I actually had time to do these tasks,
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o que é muito mais do que eu faria
se tivesse tempo para isso,
e provavelmente fazem melhor do que eu.
02:04
and they probably
do it better than I would, too.
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Este aqui cuida do meu gatinho:
02:06
This one actually takes care of my kitty.
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02:09
Every single time
he uses the box, it cleans it,
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quando ele usa a caixa, o robô a limpa,
e é algo que não quero fazer.
02:11
which is not something I'm willing to do,
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Ele facilita a vida do gato e a minha.
02:13
and it actually makes
his life better as well as mine.
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Enquanto os chamamos de produtos:
02:16
And while we call these robot products --
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02:18
it's a "robot vacuum cleaner,
it's a robot lawnmower,
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"robô aspirador", "robô caixinha do gato",
"robô cortador de grama",
02:21
it's a robot littler box,"
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02:22
I think there's actually a bunch
of other robots hiding in plain sight
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acho que há muitos robôs ao nosso redor
02:27
that have just become so darn useful
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que tornaram-se tão úteis e comuns
02:28
and so darn mundane
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02:30
that we call them things
like, "dishwasher," right?
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que os chamamos de nomes
como "lava-louças".
Ganham novos nomes.
02:32
They get new names.
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Não são mais chamados de robôs
porque servem um propósito em nossa vida,
02:34
They don't get called robot anymore
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02:35
because they actually
serve a purpose in our lives.
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como um termostato.
02:38
Similarly, a thermostat, right?
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02:39
I know my robotics friends out there
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Meus colegas da robótica se constrangem
por eu chamá-lo de robô,
02:41
are probably cringing
at me calling this a robot,
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mas o objetivo dele
é deixar minha casa em 19ºC.
02:44
but it has a goal.
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02:45
Its goal is to make my house
66 degrees Fahrenheit,
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02:48
and it senses the world.
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Ele também percebe o mundo,
sabe que está frio, se programa
02:49
It knows it's a little bit cold,
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02:51
it makes a plan and then
it acts on the physical world.
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e então, age no mundo físico.
É a robótica.
02:53
It's robotics.
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Não se parece com um robô
dos desenhos animados,
02:55
Even if it might not
look like Rosie the Robot,
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02:57
it's doing something
that's really useful in my life
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mas faz algo útil em minha vida
03:00
so I don't have to take care
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para que eu não precise
regular a temperatura.
03:02
of turning the temperature
up and down myself.
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Esses sistemas vivem
e trabalham entre nós agora.
03:04
And I think these systems
live and work amongst us now,
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03:08
and not only are these systems
living amongst us
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Além disso, nós também os operamos.
03:10
but you are probably
a robot operator, too.
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03:13
When you drive your car,
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Quando dirigimos nosso carro,
a sensação é de operar uma máquina,
03:14
it feels like you are operating machinery.
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mas também vamos do ponto A ao B.
03:17
You are also going
from point A to point B,
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O carro pode ter direção hidráulica,
sistema de freios automáticos,
03:19
but your car probably has power steering,
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03:22
it probably has automatic braking systems,
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03:24
it might have an automatic transmission
and maybe even adaptive cruise control.
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transmissão automática
e até controle de velocidade adaptável.
Embora não seja um carro
totalmente autônomo,
03:28
And while it might not be
a fully autonomous car,
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03:31
it has bits of autonomy,
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ele tem partes autônomas úteis
que nos fazem dirigir com segurança
03:32
and they're so useful
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03:34
and they make us drive safer,
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e sentir como se não estivessem lá.
03:36
and we just sort of feel
like they're invisible-in-use, right?
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03:39
So when you're driving your car,
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Dirigir deveria ser apenas a sensação
de se mover de um lugar ao outro
03:41
you should just feel like
you're going from one place to another.
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e não essa coisa complicada
na qual devemos operar os controles,
03:44
It doesn't feel like it's this big thing
that you have to deal with and operate
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03:48
and use these controls
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pois passamos tanto tempo
aprendendo a dirigir
03:49
because we spent so long
learning how to drive
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que os controles se tornam
extensões de nós mesmos.
03:51
that they've become
extensions of ourselves.
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03:54
When you park that car
in that tight little garage space,
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Quando estacionamos numa vaga apertada,
sabemos onde estão os limites.
03:57
you know where your corners are.
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Quando dirigimos um carro alugado
que nunca havíamos dirigido,
03:58
And when you drive a rental car
that maybe you haven't driven before,
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talvez demoremos a nos acostumar
com nosso novo corpo de robô.
04:02
it takes some time
to get used to your new robot body.
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04:05
And this is also true for people
who operate other types of robots,
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Isso também se aplica a quem
opera outros tipos de robôs.
04:09
so I'd like to share with you
a few stories about that.
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Gostaria de compartilhar algumas histórias
04:12
Dealing with the problem
of remote collaboration.
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como a de lidar com o problema
da colaboração à distância.
04:14
So, at Willow Garage
I had a coworker named Dallas,
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Em Willow Garage,
havia um colega chamado Dallas.
04:17
and Dallas looked like this.
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04:18
He worked from his home in Indiana
in our company in California.
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Ele trabalhava de casa, em Indiana,
para nossa empresa na Califórnia.
04:22
He was a voice in a box
on the table in most of our meetings,
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Ele era uma voz numa caixa na mesa,
na maioria das reuniões, tudo bem,
04:25
which was kind of OK
except that, you know,
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mas, se tínhamos uma discussão acalorada
e não gostávamos do que ele dizia,
04:28
if we had a really heated debate
and we didn't like what he was saying,
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desligávamos na cara dele.
04:31
we might just hang up on him.
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(Risos)
04:32
(Laughter)
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Então, fazíamos outra reunião depois
e tomávamos uma decisão no saguão,
04:33
Then we might have a meeting
after that meeting
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04:36
and actually make the decisions
in the hallway afterwards
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quando ele não estava mais lá,
o que não era legal para ele.
04:38
when he wasn't there anymore.
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04:40
So that wasn't so great for him.
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Como empresa de robótica em Willow,
04:41
And as a robotics company at Willow,
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tínhamos algumas partes
extras de corpo de robô,
04:43
we had some extra
robot body parts laying around,
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então Dallas e um amigo,
o Curt, juntaram essa coisa,
04:46
so Dallas and his buddy Curt
put together this thing,
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tipo um Skype numa vara sobre rodas,
que parece um brinquedo tecnológico bobo,
04:48
which looks kind of
like Skype on a stick on wheels,
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04:51
which seems like a techy, silly toy,
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04:53
but really it's probably
one of the most powerful tools
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mas talvez seja uma
das ferramentas mais poderosas
04:56
that I've seen ever made
for remote collaboration.
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criadas para colaboração à distância.
Agora se eu não responder
à pergunta do e-mail do Dallas,
04:59
So now, if I didn't answer
Dallas' email question,
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05:02
he could literally roll into my office,
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ele pode entrar em meu escritório,
bloquear minha porta e perguntar novamente
05:04
block my doorway
and ask me the question again --
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(Risos)
05:07
(Laughter)
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até eu responder.
05:08
until I answered it.
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Não vou desligá-lo, certo?
Seria falta de educação.
05:09
And I'm not going to turn him off, right?
That's kind of rude.
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Não foi bom apenas para a comunicação
entre duas pessoas,
05:12
Not only was it good
for these one-on-one communications,
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mas para a participação
de todos às reuniões.
05:15
but also for just showing up
at the company all-hands meeting.
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05:18
Getting your butt in that chair
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É importante estar presente
e comprometido com o seu projeto
05:20
and showing people that you're present
and committed to your project
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05:23
is a big deal
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e pode ajudar bastante
a colaboração à distância.
05:24
and can help remote collaboration a ton.
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Vimos isso ao longo dos meses
e, depois, dos anos,
05:26
We saw this over the period
of months and then years,
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05:29
not only at our company
but at others, too.
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não só em nossa empresa,
mas também na dos outros.
05:32
The best thing that can happen
with these systems
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O melhor é que, com isso,
começa a parecer que você está lá.
05:35
is that it starts to feel
like you're just there.
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É você, seu corpo.
05:37
It's just you, it's just your body,
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Então, as pessoas começam a dar
espaço pessoal a esses objetos.
05:39
and so people actually start
to give these things personal space.
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05:42
So when you're having a stand-up meeting,
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Quando temos uma reunião em pé,
as pessoas se posicionam no espaço
05:44
people will stand around the space
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como se você estivesse ali pessoalmente,
o que é ótimo, até haver avarias.
05:45
just as they would
if you were there in person.
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05:48
That's great until
there's breakdowns and it's not.
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A reação das pessoas ao verem
os robôs pela primeira vez é:
05:50
People, when they first see these robots,
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05:52
are like, "Wow, where's the components?
There must be a camera over there,"
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"Uau, cadê os componentes?
Deve ter uma câmera por aí",
e começam a cutucar sua imagem:
05:56
and they start poking your face.
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"Está falando baixo.
Vou aumentar o volume",
05:58
"You're talking too softly,
I'm going to turn up your volume,"
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o mesmo que um colega chegar e dizer:
06:00
which is like having a coworker
walk up to you and say,
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"Você está falando baixo.
Vou aumentar o seu volume".
06:03
"You're speaking too softly,
I'm going to turn up your face."
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Isso é estranho e não é bom.
06:06
That's awkward and not OK,
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Tivemos que construir novas normas sociais
para o uso desses sistemas.
06:07
and so we end up having to build
these new social norms
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06:10
around using these systems.
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06:12
Similarly, as you start
feeling like it's your body,
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Assim, conforme você começa
a sentir que é o seu corpo,
06:16
you start noticing things like,
"Oh, my robot is kind of short."
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você repara em coisas do tipo:
"Meu robô é baixinho".
06:19
Dallas would say things to me --
he was six-foot tall --
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O Dallas tem 1,83 metros,
e levávamos o robô dele
a festas de coquetel, por exemplo.
06:22
and we would take him via robot
to cocktail parties and things like that,
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06:26
as you do,
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O robô tinha cerca de 1,52 metros,
quase a minha altura.
06:27
and the robot was about five-foot-tall,
which is close to my height.
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Ele me dizia: "As pessoas não estão
realmente olhando pra mim.
06:30
And he would tell me,
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06:31
"You know, people are not
really looking at me.
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06:34
I feel like I'm just looking
at this sea of shoulders,
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Sinto que estou olhando
para um mar de ombros.
06:37
and it's just -- we need a taller robot."
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Precisamos de um robô mais alto".
06:39
And I told him,
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Eu disse a ele:
06:40
"Um, no.
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"Não! Você vai se pôr em meu lugar hoje
06:41
You get to walk in my shoes for today.
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06:43
You get to see what it's like
to be on the shorter end of the spectrum."
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para ver como é estar na extremidade
mais baixa do espectro".
06:47
And he actually ended up building
a lot of empathy for that experience,
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E foi ótimo porque ele acabou criando
muita empatia com essa experiência.
06:50
which was kind of great.
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Ao me visitar pessoalmente,
06:51
So when he'd come visit in person,
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ele não ficava mais em pé
enquanto falava comigo;
06:53
he no longer stood over me
as he was talking to me,
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se sentava e conversava comigo
olhando em meus olhos; muito legal.
06:56
he would sit down
and talk to me eye to eye,
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06:58
which was kind of a beautiful thing.
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Decidimos examinar isso no laboratório
06:59
So we actually decided
to look at this in the laboratory
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para ver que outras diferenças
a altura do robô provocaria.
07:02
and see what others kinds of differences
things like robot height would make.
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07:06
And so half of the people in our study
used a shorter robot,
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Metade das pessoas no nosso estudo
usou um robô mais baixo
07:09
half of the people in our study
used a taller robot
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e a outra metade o mais alto.
Descobrimos que a mesma pessoa,
com o mesmo corpo
07:11
and we actually found
that the exact same person
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07:13
who has the exact same body
and says the exact same things as someone,
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e que dizia as mesmas coisas que outras,
é mais persuasiva e vista como mais crível
se estiver na forma de um robô mais alto.
07:17
is more persuasive
and perceived as being more credible
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07:19
if they're in a taller robot form.
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07:21
It makes no rational sense,
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Não tem sentido lógico,
mas por isso estudamos psicologia.
07:23
but that's why we study psychology.
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07:25
And really, you know,
the way that Cliff Nass would put this
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E Cliff Nass expressa isso dizendo
07:28
is that we're having to deal
with these new technologies
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que estamos tendo que lidar
com essas novas tecnologias
07:31
despite the fact
that we have very old brains.
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apesar do fato de termos
um cérebro muito antigo.
07:33
Human psychology is not changing
at the same speed that tech is
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A psicologia humana não acompanha
a velocidade da tecnologia.
07:36
and so we're always playing catch-up,
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Ficamos brincando de pega-pega,
tentando dar sentido ao mundo
07:38
trying to make sense of this world
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com essas coisas autônomas.
07:40
where these autonomous things
are running around.
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07:42
Usually, things that talk are people,
not machines, right?
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São as pessoas que falam, não as máquinas.
Introduzimos muito significado
na altura de uma máquina,
07:45
And so we breathe a lot of meaning
into things like just height of a machine,
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07:50
not a person,
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não de uma pessoa, por exemplo,
07:51
and attribute that
to the person using the system.
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e atribuímos isso à pessoa
usando o sistema.
07:55
You know, this, I think,
is really important
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Considero isso muito importante
quando pensamos em robótica.
07:57
when you're thinking about robotics.
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Não se trata tanto de reinventar o homem,
e sim descobrir como nos estendemos.
07:59
It's not so much about reinventing humans,
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08:01
it's more about figuring out
how we extend ourselves, right?
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Acabamos usando as coisas
de maneira surpreendente.
08:04
And we end up using things
in ways that are sort of surprising.
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Os rapazes não podem jogar sinuca
porque os robôs não têm braços,
08:07
So these guys can't play pool
because the robots don't have arms,
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mas podem ajudar os que estão jogando.
08:11
but they can heckle the guys
who are playing pool
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08:14
and that can be an important thing
for team bonding,
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Isso pode ser importante
para a união da equipe, o que é legal.
08:17
which is kind of neat.
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08:18
People who get really good
at operating these systems
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Quem se sai bem operando esses sistemas
poderá criar novos jogos,
como futebol de robô no meio da noite,
08:21
will even do things
like make up new games,
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08:23
like robot soccer
in the middle of the night,
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empurrando as latas de lixo.
08:25
pushing the trash cans around.
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Mas nem todos são bons.
08:26
But not everyone's good.
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Muitos têm problemas
operando esses sistemas.
08:28
A lot of people have trouble
operating these systems.
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Este cara se conectou ao robô
08:30
This is actually a guy
who logged into the robot
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e o globo ocular dele girou 90 graus
para a esquerda sem ele perceber.
08:33
and his eyeball was turned
90 degrees to the left.
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08:35
He didn't know that,
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Ele entrou no escritório
colidindo nas mesas,
08:36
so he ended up just bashing
around the office,
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08:39
running into people's desks,
getting super embarrassed,
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superenvergonhado, rindo,
e falando muito alto.
08:41
laughing about it --
his volume was way too high.
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O cara na imagem me disse:
08:44
And this guy here
in the image is telling me,
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"Precisamos de um botão
de 'mudo' para o robô".
08:46
"We need a robot mute button."
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Ou seja, não queremos que o robô
seja tão perturbador.
08:48
And by that what he really meant
was we don't want it to be so disruptive.
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Como empresa de robótica, incluímos
no sistema a ação de evitar obstáculos,
08:51
So as a robotics company,
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08:53
we added some obstacle
avoidance to the system.
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08:56
It got a little laser range finder
that could see the obstacles,
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com um localizador a laser
que identifica obstáculos.
08:59
and if I as a robot operator
try to say, run into a chair,
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Se opero um robô e peço a ele
para colidir com uma cadeira,
09:02
it wouldn't let me,
it would just plan a path around,
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ele não o fará e sim dará a volta,
o que seria uma boa ideia.
09:04
which seems like a good idea.
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09:06
People did hit fewer obstacles
using that system, obviously,
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Algumas pessoas bateram em menos
obstáculos usando esse sistema,
09:09
but actually, for some of the people,
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mas algumas demoraram mais
para percorrer nossa pista de obstáculos,
09:11
it took them a lot longer
to get through our obstacle course,
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e queríamos entender o motivo.
09:14
and we wanted to know why.
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09:17
It turns out that there's
this important human dimension --
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Existe uma dimensão humana
de personalidade importante
09:20
a personality dimension
called locus of control,
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chamada locus de controle.
09:22
and people who have
a strong internal locus of control,
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Pessoas com um locus
de controle interno forte
09:25
they need to be the masters
of their own destiny --
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precisam ser donas de seu próprio destino.
09:28
really don't like giving up control
to an autonomous system --
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Não gostam de ceder o controle
a um sistema autônomo,
09:31
so much so that they will
fight the autonomy;
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tanto que lutarão contra isso: "Se quiser
bater naquela cadeira, eu bato".
09:34
"If I want to hit that chair,
I'm going to hit that chair."
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09:37
And so they would actually suffer
from having that autonomous assistance,
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Elas sofreriam com essa ajuda autônoma,
o que é importante sabermos,
09:40
which is an important thing for us to know
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09:43
as we're building increasingly
autonomous, say, cars, right?
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pois estamos fabricando carros
cada vez mais autônomos.
09:46
How are different people going
to grapple with that loss of control?
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Como pessoas diferentes vão lidar
com essa perda de controle?
09:50
It's going to be different
depending on human dimensions.
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Vai ser diferente dependendo
das dimensões humanas.
Não podemos tratar o homem
como se fôssemos um bloco monolítico.
09:53
We can't treat humans
as if we're just one monolithic thing.
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09:57
We vary by personality, by culture,
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Variamos por personalidade, cultura,
09:59
we even vary by emotional state
moment to moment,
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até mesmo por estado emocional,
momento a momento.
10:02
and being able to design these systems,
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E sendo capazes de projetar
esses sistemas de interação homem-robô,
10:04
these human-robot interaction systems,
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precisamos levar em conta
as dimensões humanas,
10:06
we need to take into account
the human dimensions,
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10:09
not just the technological ones.
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não apenas as tecnológicas.
10:11
Along with a sense of control
also comes a sense of responsibility.
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Junto com um senso de controle
vem um senso de responsabilidade.
10:15
And if you were a robot operator
using one of these systems,
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Se fôssemos operar um robô
usando um desses sistemas,
a interface seria assim.
10:18
this is what the interface
would look like.
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10:20
It looks a little bit like a video game,
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Pareceria um pouco com um videogame,
o que pode ser bom
por ser familiar às pessoas,
10:22
which can be good because
that's very familiar to people,
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10:25
but it can also be bad
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mas pode ser ruim por fazê-las
se sentir num videogame.
10:27
because it makes people feel
like it's a video game.
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Convidamos jovens para usar
o sistema em Stanford
10:29
We had a bunch of kids
over at Stanford play with the system
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e pilotar o robô pelo nosso escritório
em Menlo Park, e eles disseram:
10:32
and drive the robot
around our office in Menlo Park,
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10:34
and the kids started saying things like,
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1936
"Dez pontos se acertar aquele cara.
Vinte por aquele outro".
10:36
"10 points if you hit that guy over there.
20 points for that one."
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Eles os perseguiam pelo saguão.
10:40
And they would
chase them down the hallway.
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Eu disse: "São pessoas reais,
10:42
(Laughter)
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10:43
I told them, "Um, those are real people.
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que vão sangrar e sentir dor
se vocês as acertarem".
10:45
They're actually going to bleed
and feel pain if you hit them."
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10:48
And they'd be like, "OK, got it."
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E eles entenderam.
Mas, cinco minutos depois:
10:50
But five minutes later,
they would be like,
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"Vinte pontos por aquele cara;
ele parece um bom alvo".
10:52
"20 points for that guy over there,
he just looks like he needs to get hit."
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Lembra o "Jogo do Exterminador".
10:55
It's a little bit
like "Ender's Game," right?
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Há um mundo real do outro lado,
10:58
There is a real world on that other side
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e é nossa responsabilidade
como criadores dessas interfaces
10:59
and I think it's our responsibility
as people designing these interfaces
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lembrar as pessoas das consequências
reais das ações delas,
11:03
to help people remember
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11:04
that there's real consequences
to their actions
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11:06
and to feel a sense of responsibility
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para terem senso de responsabilidade
11:09
when they're operating
these increasingly autonomous things.
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quando operam essas coisas
cada vez mais autônomas.
11:13
These are kind of a great example
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São ótimos exemplos da experiência
com um possível futuro robótico,
11:16
of experimenting with one
possible robotic future,
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11:19
and I think it's pretty cool
that we can extend ourselves
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e acho muito legal podermos nos estender
11:23
and learn about the ways
that we extend ourselves
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e aprender as maneiras de fazer isso
dentro dessas máquinas
11:25
into these machines
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e, ao mesmo tempo, podermos expressar
nossa humanidade e personalidade.
11:26
while at the same time
being able to express our humanity
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11:29
and our personality.
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Também criamos empatia pelos outros
em termos de ser mais baixo, alto,
11:30
We also build empathy for others
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11:32
in terms of being
shorter, taller, faster, slower,
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rápido, devagar,
e, talvez, até sem braço;
essa empatia é maravilhosa.
11:35
and maybe even armless,
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11:37
which is kind of neat.
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11:38
We also build empathy
for the robots themselves.
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Também criamos empatia pelos robôs.
11:41
This is one of my favorite robots.
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Este é um dos meus favoritos, o Tweenbot.
11:42
It's called the Tweenbot.
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11:44
And this guy has a little flag that says,
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Ele tem uma bandeirinha que diz:
11:46
"I'm trying to get
to this intersection in Manhattan,"
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"Estou tentando chegar a este
cruzamento em Manhattan".
É bonitinho e rola pra frente; é isso.
11:48
and it's cute and rolls
forward, that's it.
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11:51
It doesn't know how to build a map,
it doesn't know how to see the world,
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Não sabe como fazer um mapa
ou ver o mundo; só pede ajuda.
11:55
it just asks for help.
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O legal é que ele pode realmente
contar com a bondade de desconhecidos.
11:56
The nice thing about people
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11:57
is that it can actually depend
upon the kindness of strangers.
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12:00
It did make it across the park
to the other side of Manhattan --
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Ele conseguiu cruzar o parque
para o outro lado de Manhattan
12:04
which is pretty great --
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porque as pessoas o pegavam
e o colocavam no caminho certo.
12:06
just because people would pick it up
and point it in the right direction.
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(Risos)
12:09
(Laughter)
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Isso é ótimo, certo?
12:10
And that's great, right?
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12:11
We're trying to build
this human-robot world
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Estamos tentando construir
este mundo homem-robô
12:14
in which we can coexist
and collaborate with one another,
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no qual podemos coexistir
e colaborar um com o outro.
12:17
and we don't need to be fully autonomous
and just do things on our own.
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Não precisamos ser autônomos
e fazer as coisas sozinhos.
Fazemos as coisas juntos
e, para que isso aconteça,
12:21
We actually do things together.
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12:22
And to make that happen,
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precisamos da ajuda de pessoas
como artistas, designers,
12:24
we actually need help from people
like the artists and the designers,
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legisladores, magistrados,
psicólogos, sociólogos, antropólogos.
12:27
the policy makers, the legal scholars,
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12:29
psychologists, sociologists,
anthropologists --
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Precisamos de mais perspectivas no espaço
12:31
we need more perspectives in the room
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se vamos fazer o que Stu Card
diz que devemos fazer:
12:33
if we're going to do the thing
that Stu Card says we should do,
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inventar o futuro em que queremos viver.
12:36
which is invent the future
that we actually want to live in.
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12:40
And I think we can continue to experiment
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Podemos continuar fazendo experimentos
12:43
with these different
robotic futures together,
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com esses diferentes
futuros robóticos juntos.
Assim, acabaremos aprendendo
muito mais sobre nós mesmos.
12:45
and in doing so, we will end up
learning a lot more about ourselves.
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12:50
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
(Aplausos)
12:51
(Applause)
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Translated by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Reviewed by Maricene Crus

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leila Takayama - Social scientist
Leila Takayama conducts research on human-robot interaction.

Why you should listen

Leila Takayama is an acting associate professor of Psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she founded and leads the Re-Embodied Cognition Lab. Her lab examines how people make sense of, interact with, and relate to new technologies. Prior to academia, she was a researcher at GoogleX and Willow Garage, where she developed a taste for working alongside engineers, designers, animators, and more. Her interdisciplinary research continues in her current work on what happens when people interact with robots and through robots.

Takayama is a World Economic Forum Global Futures Council Member and Young Global Leader. In 2015, she was presented the IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Early Career Award. In 2012, she was named a TR35 winner and one of the 100 most creative people in business by Fast Company. She completed her PhD in Communication at Stanford University in 2008, advised by Professor Clifford Nass. She also holds a PhD minor in Psychology from Stanford, a master's degree in Communication from Stanford, and bachelor's of arts degrees in Psychology and Cognitive Science from UC Berkeley (2003). During her graduate studies, she was a research assistant in the User Interface Research (UIR) group at Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).

Photo: Melissa DeWitt

More profile about the speaker
Leila Takayama | Speaker | TED.com