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Bhu Srinivasan: Capitalism isn't an ideology -- it's an operating system
Bu Srinivasan (Bhu Srinivasan): Kapitalizam nije ideologija - to je operativni sistem
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Bu Srinivasan istražuje šta kapitalizam i tehnološki napredak imaju zajedničko. Umesto da se o kapitalizmu razmišlja kao o čvrstoj, nepromenljivoj ideologiji, on predlaže da o njemu treba da razmišljamo kao o operativnom sistemu - onom koji treba da se ažurira kako bi išao u korak sa inovacijama, kao što je predstojeće pokretanje dostave putem drona. Naučite više o prošlosti i budućnosti slobodnog tržišta (i o potencijalnoj predstojećoj krizi identiteta za verziju kapitalizma Sjedinjenih Država) u ovom brzom, revolucinarnom govoru.
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Šta je kapitalizam?
00:12
So, what is capitalism?
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Kapitalizam je, u osnovi, serija tržišta.
00:14
Capitalism, fundamentally,
is a series of marketplaces.
is a series of marketplaces.
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00:17
You can have a marketplace for lemonade,
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Možete imati tržište za limunadu,
00:19
a marketplace for lemons,
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tržište za limun,
00:20
a marketplace for trucks
that transport lemons,
that transport lemons,
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tržište za kamione koji prevoze limun,
00:22
a marketplace that fuels those trucks,
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tržište koje obezbeđuje
gorivo za te kamione,
gorivo za te kamione,
00:25
marketplaces that sell wood
to build lemonade stands.
to build lemonade stands.
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tržišta koja prodaju drva
za izgradnju štandova za limunadu.
za izgradnju štandova za limunadu.
00:28
However, capitalism of course, as we know,
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Međutim, kapitalizam
koji prepoznajemo je, naravno,
koji prepoznajemo je, naravno,
00:31
is this either celebrated term
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ili termin koji se slavi
00:33
or condemned term.
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ili termin koji se osuđuje.
00:35
It's either revered or it's reviled.
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Ili je obožavan ili je klevetan.
00:37
And I'm here to argue
that this is because capitalism,
that this is because capitalism,
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A ovde sam da dokažem da je ovako
00:41
in the modern iteration,
is largely misunderstood.
is largely misunderstood.
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zato što kapitalizam u modernom govoru
u velikoj meri pogrešno razumemo.
u velikoj meri pogrešno razumemo.
00:44
In my view,
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Ja mislim
00:46
capitalism should not
be thought of as an ideology,
be thought of as an ideology,
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da o kapitalizmu ne treba misliti
kao o ideologiji,
kao o ideologiji,
00:48
but instead should be thought of
as an operating system.
as an operating system.
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već kao o operativnom sistemu.
00:52
Think of your iPhone.
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Pomislite na svoj ajfon.
00:54
Your iPhone merges hardware with software.
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Vaš ajfon spaja hardver i softver.
00:58
Apps and hardware.
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Aplikacije i hardver.
01:00
Now think about all the hardware
as the physical reality all around you,
as the physical reality all around you,
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Sada razmišljajte o svakom hardveru
kao o fizičkoj realnosti svuda oko vas
kao o fizičkoj realnosti svuda oko vas
01:03
and think of the apps
as entrepreneurial activity,
as entrepreneurial activity,
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i razmišljajte o aplikacijama
kao o preduzetničkoj aktivnosti,
kao o preduzetničkoj aktivnosti,
01:06
creative energy.
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kreativnoj energiji.
01:08
And in-between,
you have an operating system.
you have an operating system.
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A između imate operativni sistem.
01:11
As you have advances in hardware,
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Kako imate unapređenja za hardver,
01:13
you have advances in software.
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tako imate unapređenja za softver.
01:15
And the operating system needs to keep up.
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A operativni sistem mora to da isprati.
01:17
It needs to be patched,
it needs to be updated,
it needs to be updated,
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On mora da se popravi, mora da se ažurira,
01:20
new releases have to happen.
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mora da dođe do novih verzija.
01:22
And all of these things
have to happen symbiotically.
have to happen symbiotically.
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I sve ovo mora nastati u simbiozi.
01:25
The operating system needs
to keep getting more and more advanced
to keep getting more and more advanced
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Operativni sistem mora stalno
da se sve više unapređuje
da se sve više unapređuje
01:28
to keep up with innovation.
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da bi išao u korak sa inovacijama.
01:31
And this is why, fundamentally,
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I zbog toga, u osnovi, gledano,
01:34
when you think about it
as an operating system,
as an operating system,
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kada razmišljate o njemu
kao operativnom sistemu,
kao operativnom sistemu,
01:36
it devolves the language of ideology
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jezik ideologije se udaljava
01:38
away from what traditional
defenders of capitalism think.
defenders of capitalism think.
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od onoga šta tradicionalni
zaštitnici kapitalizma misle.
zaštitnici kapitalizma misle.
01:42
But even if you go to the constitution,
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Čak i ako uzmete Ustav,
primetićete da, pre nego što su osnivači
došli do Prvog amandmana -
došli do Prvog amandmana -
01:44
you'll notice, before the founders
even got to the First Amendment --
even got to the First Amendment --
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gde je sloboda govora,
sloboda veroispovesti, sloboda štampe -
sloboda veroispovesti, sloboda štampe -
01:47
with free speech,
free religion, free press,
free religion, free press,
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01:50
they thought about patents and copyright.
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oni su razmišljali o patentima
i autorskim pravima.
i autorskim pravima.
01:53
They talked about the government's role
in promoting arts and sciences.
in promoting arts and sciences.
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Oni su govorili o ulozi vlade
u promovisanju umetnosti i nauke.
u promovisanju umetnosti i nauke.
01:57
It's the reason why I could not start
a search engine tomorrow called Goggle.
a search engine tomorrow called Goggle.
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Zbog toga ne bih mogao sutra da pokrenem
pretraživač po imenu Gogl.
pretraživač po imenu Gogl.
02:02
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:03
Google doesn't own Gs,
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Gugl ne poseduje slovo „g“,
02:05
but I couldn't do it
because there could be some confusion.
because there could be some confusion.
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ali ne bih mogao to da uradim
jer bi došlo do zabune.
jer bi došlo do zabune.
Tako čak i prava vlasništva
imaju u sebi dvosmislenost.
imaju u sebi dvosmislenost.
02:07
So even property rights
have ambiguity built into them.
have ambiguity built into them.
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02:11
And on and on.
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I tako dalje.
02:12
And by 1900, you have other types
of property that come into being.
of property that come into being.
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A do 1900. godine pojavili su se
drugi oblici vlasništva.
drugi oblici vlasništva.
02:16
For instance, imagine that in 1900,
you owned 100 acres of land
you owned 100 acres of land
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Na primer, zamislite da ste 1900. godine
imali 100 hektara zemlje
imali 100 hektara zemlje
02:20
someplace in the Midwest.
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negde na Srednjem zapadu.
02:22
It's very easy to see
where your fence ends,
where your fence ends,
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Veoma je lako videti
gde vam se ograda završava,
gde vam se ograda završava,
02:24
your neighbor's property begins.
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a gde počinje komšijino imanje.
02:26
Now let me ask you,
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Sada mi dozvolite da vas pitam:
gde vam se na nebu završava vlasništvo?
gde vam se na nebu završava vlasništvo?
02:27
where in the sky does your property end?
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02:30
Does it end at 1,000 feet,
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Da li se završava na oko 300 metara,
02:31
5,000 feet, 10,000 feet?
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1 500 metara, 3 000 metara?
02:34
It makes no difference,
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Nema razlike,
02:35
because other than the novelty
of a few hot-air balloons,
of a few hot-air balloons,
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jer sem novine koju predstavlja
nekoliko vazduhoplovnih balona,
nekoliko vazduhoplovnih balona,
02:38
man couldn't fly.
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čovek nije mogao da leti.
02:40
But within three years, he could.
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Ali, za tri godine je mogao.
02:41
Now all of a sudden,
it was very much relevant
it was very much relevant
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I sada je odjednom bilo veoma bitno
02:44
whether your land ends
at 1,000 feet in the sky,
at 1,000 feet in the sky,
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da li se vaš posed završava
na oko 300 metara na nebu,
na oko 300 metara na nebu,
02:47
5,000 feet, 10,000 feet.
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1 500 metara, 3 000 metara.
02:49
And you have to have
someone arbitrate that.
someone arbitrate that.
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I morate imati nekoga
ko će o tome da odluči.
ko će o tome da odluči.
02:53
And indeed, that's exactly what happened.
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I to je, u stvari, ono što se desilo.
Za pet ili deset godina
02:55
And five or ten years from now,
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kada Amazon bude želeo da isporuči paket
preko vaše kuće do vašeg komšije
preko vaše kuće do vašeg komšije
02:56
when Amazon wants to deliver a package
over your house to your neighbor
over your house to your neighbor
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03:00
from that UPS truck,
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iz tog kamiona kurirske službe,
03:01
we're going to have to decide:
Does you property end at five feet,
Does you property end at five feet,
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moraćemo da odlučimo da li se
vaš posed završava na oko 1,5 metara,
vaš posed završava na oko 1,5 metara,
03:05
10 feet, 50 feet, 100 feet?
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3 metra, 15 metara, 30 metara.
03:07
Where does it end?
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Gde se završava?
03:09
And there is no ideology
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I tu nema ideologije
03:10
that will tell you
where your property ends.
where your property ends.
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koja će vam reći
gde se vaš posed završava.
gde se vaš posed završava.
03:14
It's an operating system.
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To je operativni sistem.
03:16
And similarly,
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A slično će se desiti sa automobilima.
03:17
we're going to see this with automobiles.
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03:19
A few years after the Wright brothers
figured out flight,
figured out flight,
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Nekoliko godina nakon što su
braća Rajt izumela letenje,
braća Rajt izumela letenje,
ljudi su sve više počeli
da koriste automobile.
da koriste automobile.
03:22
human beings started using
more and more cars.
more and more cars.
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I odjednom,
03:24
And all of a sudden,
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03:25
the regulatory system --
the operating system --
the operating system --
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regulatorni sistem - operativni sistem -
morao je odjednom da se popravi
da bi zaštitio bezbednost potrošača.
da bi zaštitio bezbednost potrošača.
03:27
had to be patched to all of a sudden
address the safety of consumers.
address the safety of consumers.
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03:32
That the consumers of vehicles
were presenting danger to horses,
were presenting danger to horses,
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Korisnici automobila
predstavljali su opasnost po konje,
predstavljali su opasnost po konje,
03:35
other pedestrians, trolleys,
what have you.
what have you.
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ostale pešake, tramvaje, štagod.
03:38
And all of a sudden,
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I odjednom,
03:40
the drivers of these automobiles
had to have driver's licenses, eye exams,
had to have driver's licenses, eye exams,
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vozači ovih automobila su morali
da imaju vozačke dozvole, očni test,
da imaju vozačke dozvole, očni test,
03:43
registered motor vehicles, speed limits,
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registrovana vozila, ograničenje brzine,
03:46
rules of the road,
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pravila vožnje,
03:47
so that horses, pedestrians,
could coexist with cars.
could coexist with cars.
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kako bi konji, pešaci mogli
da koegzistiraju sa automobilima.
da koegzistiraju sa automobilima.
03:52
It had to be backwards compatible.
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Kompatibilnost je morala
da se podesi unazad.
da se podesi unazad.
03:55
So a new invention had to basically fit
advances from the past.
advances from the past.
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Tako je novi izum morao
da se prilagodi napretku iz prošlosti.
da se prilagodi napretku iz prošlosti.
04:00
Similarly, five or ten years from now,
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Slično tome, za pet ili deset godina,
svedočićemo istoj stvari
sa samovozećim automobilima -
sa samovozećim automobilima -
04:02
we're going to see the same thing
with self-driving cars --
with self-driving cars --
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koji će koegzistirati
sa automobilima koje voze ljudi.
sa automobilima koje voze ljudi.
04:05
coexisting with human-driven cars.
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04:07
The reason why this is important,
is in 10 years,
is in 10 years,
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Ovo je važno zbog toga
što će se za 10 godina
što će se za 10 godina
04:09
another thing is going to happen
beyond drones and self-driving cars,
beyond drones and self-driving cars,
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desiti još nešto veće
od dronova i samovozećih automobila;
od dronova i samovozećih automobila;
04:12
but you're going to see
the most valuable economy in the world --
the most valuable economy in the world --
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videćete najvredniju ekonomiju na svetu -
04:16
the largest economy in the world --
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najveću ekonomiju na svetu -
04:17
is going to be a country
run by communists.
run by communists.
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a to će biti zemlja
koju će voditi komunisti.
koju će voditi komunisti.
04:20
The Chinese seem to be
very good at capitalism.
very good at capitalism.
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Izgleda da Kinezima dobro ide kapitalizam.
04:24
And this is going to have
fundamental problems
fundamental problems
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I ovo će izazvati fundamentalne probleme
04:27
and present an identity crisis
for the United States.
for the United States.
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i predstavljati krizu identiteta
za Sjedinjene Države.
za Sjedinjene Države.
04:31
Because for a long time,
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Jer duže vreme
04:33
free markets coincided with liberties
such as free speech, free press,
such as free speech, free press,
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slobodno tržište je značilo slobodu
kao što je sloboda govora, štampe,
kao što je sloboda govora, štampe,
04:39
free religion.
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sloboda veroispovesti.
04:40
And all of a sudden,
this equation is going to be decoupled.
this equation is going to be decoupled.
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I odjednom, ova jednačina
će prestati da važi.
će prestati da važi.
04:44
And when it gets decoupled,
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I kada prestane da važi,
04:46
we might find that democracy,
the multitude of voices,
the multitude of voices,
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možemo videti da demokratija,
mnoštvo glasova,
mnoštvo glasova,
04:49
actually impedes capitalism
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u stvari ometa kapitalizam
04:52
because a state that does not have
any pretense of limited government
any pretense of limited government
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jer država koja nema
nikakvu farsu ograničene vlade
nikakvu farsu ograničene vlade
04:56
can very quickly mandate
a regulatory framework for drones,
a regulatory framework for drones,
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može vrlo brzo da obezbedi mandat
za regulatorni okvir za dronove,
za regulatorni okvir za dronove,
04:59
for electric cars, for self-driving cars,
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za električne automobile,
za samovozeće automobile,
za samovozeće automobile,
05:02
for any new innovation
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za bilo koju inovaciju
05:04
where they feel that they can leapfrog
Western societies.
Western societies.
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gde vide da mogu da nadmudre
zapadna društva.
zapadna društva.
05:08
And this is a very unique thing
in the American experience.
in the American experience.
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A ovo je jedinstveno za američko iskustvo.
05:13
And this is why it's very important
to think of American capitalism
to think of American capitalism
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I zbog toga je veoma važno
razmišljati o američkom kapitalizmu
razmišljati o američkom kapitalizmu
05:17
as an operating system
and not as an ideology.
and not as an ideology.
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kao o operativnom sistemu,
a ne kao o ideologiji.
a ne kao o ideologiji.
05:20
Because when you think about it
as an ideology,
as an ideology,
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Jer kada o njemu razmišljate
kao o ideologiji,
kao o ideologiji,
05:22
you can have good politics
make for very, very bad policy.
make for very, very bad policy.
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možete imati dobru politiku,
a donositi veoma, veoma loše strategije.
a donositi veoma, veoma loše strategije.
05:28
That market outcomes and democratic voices
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Rezultati na tržištu i demokratski glasovi
05:31
and battles for votes
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i bitka za glasove
05:33
can end up stifling progress.
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mogu na kraju da uguše napredak.
05:37
So over the next few years,
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Tako ćete u nekoliko narednih godina,
05:39
as this political cycle plays out,
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kada se odigra ovaj politički ciklus,
05:41
you're going to see American democracy
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videti kako američka demokratija
05:45
rise to meet the challenges
that capitalism poses and modernity poses.
that capitalism poses and modernity poses.
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napreduje da bi izašla u susret izazovima
koje postavlja kapitalizam i moderno doba.
koje postavlja kapitalizam i moderno doba.
05:50
And I ask policymakers to think about --
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I molim kreatore politike da razmisle -
05:55
decoupling ideology from economics,
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o tome da razdvoje ideologiju od ekonomije
05:59
and think about how good policy
can ultimately become good politics.
can ultimately become good politics.
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i da razmisle o tome kako dobar sistem
može na kraju da postane dobra politika.
može na kraju da postane dobra politika.
06:03
Thank you.
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Hvala.
(Aplauz)
06:05
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bhu Srinivasan - WriterBhu Srinivasan writes about economics, history and statecraft.
Why you should listen
Bhu Srinivasan's first book, AMERICANA: A 400-Year History of American Capitalism, explores the intersections of democracy and capitalism. The Economist selected it as one of its Best Books of 2017. A venture-backed entrepreneur from his early 20s, Srinivasan has built media properties in publishing, gaming, financial content, and technology ranging from video games to municipal bonds. He is currently working on adapting his book to television, identifying the next big things, and outlining his next book.
Bhu Srinivasan | Speaker | TED.com