TEDGlobal 2014
Alejandro Aravena: My architectural philosophy? Bring the community into the process
Alehandro Aravena (Alejandro Aravena): Moja arhitektonska filozofija? Uključiti zajednicu u proces
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Kada je upitan da izgradi naselje za 100 porodica u Čileu pre 10 godina, Alehandro Aravena je pogledao u nesvakidašnju inspiraciju: mudrost favela i straćara. Umesto građenja velike zgrade sa malim jedinicama, izgradio je fleksibilne polu-kuće koje bi svaka porodica mogla da proširi. To je bio kompleksan problem, ali sa jednostavnim rešenjem - onim do koga je došao radom sa samim porodicama. Sa kredom i prelepim slikama svojih dizajnova, Aravena nas šeta kroz tri projekta gde mudro razmišljanje vodi to prelepog dizajna sa velikim prednostima.
Alejandro Aravena - Urban architect
Alejandro Aravena works inside paradoxes, seeing space and flexibility in public housing, clarity in economic scarcity, and the keys to rebuilding in the causes of natural disasters. He Full bio
Alejandro Aravena works inside paradoxes, seeing space and flexibility in public housing, clarity in economic scarcity, and the keys to rebuilding in the causes of natural disasters. He Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
If there's any power in design,
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Ako postoji bilo kakva snaga u dizajnu,
00:15
that's the power of synthesis.
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onda je to snaga sinteze.
00:17
The more complex the problem,
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Što je kompleksniji problem,
00:19
the more the need for simplicity.
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više je neophodno jednostavnosti.
00:22
So allow me to share three cases
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Stoga mi dozvolite da podelim tri slučaja
00:24
where we tried to apply
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gde smo pokušali da primenimo
00:26
design's power of synthesis.
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snagu sinteze dizajna.
00:29
Let's start with the global challenge of urbanization.
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Počnimo sa globalnim
izazovom urbanizacije.
izazovom urbanizacije.
00:33
It's a fact that people are moving towards cities.
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Činjenica je da se ljudi kreću
prema gradovima
prema gradovima
00:37
and even if counterintuitive, it's good news.
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i čak da je kontraintuitivno,
to su dobre vesti.
to su dobre vesti.
00:40
Evidence shows that people are better off in cities.
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Dokazi pokazuju da je ljudima
bolje u gradovima.
bolje u gradovima.
00:44
But there's a problem that I would call
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Ali postoji problem koji bih nazvao
00:46
the "3S" menace:
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pretnjom "3S":
00:49
The scale, speed, and scarcity of means
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nivo, brzina i oskudica sredstava
00:51
with which we will have to
respond to this phenomenon
respond to this phenomenon
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kojima ćemo morati da odgovorimo
na ovu pojavu,
na ovu pojavu,
00:55
has no precedence in history.
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jedinstveni su u istoriji.
Da biste imali pojam o ovome,
00:57
For you to have an idea,
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00:58
out of the three billion
people living in cities today,
people living in cities today,
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od tri milijarde ljudi koji žive
u gradovima danas,
u gradovima danas,
01:02
one billion are under the line of poverty.
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jedna milijarda je ispod
granice siromaštva.
granice siromaštva.
01:05
By 2030, out of the five billion people
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Do 2030, od 5 milijardi ljudi
01:09
that will be living in cities,
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koji će živeti u gradovima,
01:11
two billion are going to
be under the line of poverty.
be under the line of poverty.
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dve milijarde će biti ispod
granice siromaštva.
granice siromaštva.
01:15
That means that we will have to build
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To znači da ćemo morati da gradimo
01:21
a one million-person city per week
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jednomilionski grad nedeljno
01:30
with 10,000 dollars per family
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sa 10 000 dolara po porodici
01:35
during the next 15 years.
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tokom narednih 15 godina.
01:37
A one million-person city per week
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Jednomilionski grad nedeljno
01:40
with 10,000 dollars per family.
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sa 10 000 dolara po porodici.
01:42
If we don't solve this equation,
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Ako ne rešimo ovu formulu,
01:44
it is not that people
will stop coming to cities.
will stop coming to cities.
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ljudi neće prestati da dolaze u gradove.
01:46
They will come anyhow,
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Doći će bilo kako,
01:48
but they will live in slums, favelas
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ali će živeti u straćarama, favelama
01:51
and informal settlements.
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i neformalnim naseljima.
01:52
So what to do? Well, an answer may come
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I šta mi da radimo?
Odgovor može doći
iz samih favela i straćara.
iz samih favela i straćara.
01:55
from favelas and slums themselves.
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02:00
A clue could be in this
question we were asked
question we were asked
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Nagoveštaj bi mogao biti u ovom pitanju
koje nam je postavljeno
koje nam je postavljeno
02:03
10 years ago.
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pre 10 godina.
02:05
We were asked to accommodate 100 families
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Upitani smo da ugostimo 100 porodica
02:08
that had been occupying illegally
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koje su ilegalno zauzimale
02:11
half a hectare in the center
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pola hektara u centru
02:13
of the city of Iquique
in the north of Chile
in the north of Chile
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grada Ikike na severu Čilea
02:16
using a $10,000 subsidy
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koristeći subvenciju od 10 000 dolara
02:19
with which we had to buy the land,
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sa kojom smo morali da platimo zemlju,
02:22
provide the infrastructure,
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obezbedimo infrastrukturu,
02:24
and build the houses that,
in the best of the cases,
in the best of the cases,
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i izgradimo kuće koje bi,
u najboljim slučajevima,
u najboljim slučajevima,
02:27
would be of around 40 square meters.
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bile oko 40 kvadratnih metara.
02:31
And by the way, they said,
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I inače, kažu
02:33
the cost of the land,
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da su troškovi zemljišta,
02:34
because it's in the center of the city,
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jer je centar grada,
02:37
is three times more
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tri puta veći
02:38
than what social housing can normally afford.
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nego što društveno stanovanje
uglavnom može da priušti.
uglavnom može da priušti.
02:42
Due to the difficulty of the question,
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S obzirom na teškoću pitanja,
02:44
we decided to include the families
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odlučili smo da uključimo porodice
02:46
in the process of understanding the constraints,
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u proces shvatanja ograničenja
02:50
and we started a participatory design process,
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i počeli smo proces učesničkog dizajna
02:53
and testing what was
available there in the market.
available there in the market.
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i testiranja onog što je bilo dostupno
na tržištu.
na tržištu.
02:57
Detached houses,
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Slobodnostojeće kuće,
02:58
30 families could be accommodated.
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mogu da smeste oko 30 porodica.
03:01
Row houses, 60 families.
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Kuće u nizu, 60 porodica.
03:05
["100 families"]
The only way to accommodate all of them
The only way to accommodate all of them
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["100 porodica"]
Jedini način da se sve smeste
Jedini način da se sve smeste
03:08
was by building in height,
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bio je građenjem u visinu,
03:11
and they threatened us
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i pretili su nam
03:12
to go on a hunger strike
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da će ići na štrajk glađu
03:15
if we even dared to offer this
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ako se čak i usudimo da ponudimo ovo
03:17
as a solution,
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kao rešenje,
03:18
because they could not
make the tiny apartments
make the tiny apartments
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jer ne bi mogli da prošire
03:21
expand.
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malene stanove.
03:23
So the conclusion with the families —
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Dakle, zaključak sa porodicama -
03:25
and this is important,
not our conclusion —
not our conclusion —
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a ovo je važno, ne naš zaključak -
03:27
with the families, was that we had a problem.
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sa porodicama, je bio
da smo imali problem.
da smo imali problem.
03:30
We had to innovate.
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Morali smo da uvodimo novine.
03:32
So what did we do?
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I šta smo uradili?
03:35
Well, a middle-class family
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Porodica srednje klase
03:39
lives reasonably well
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živi prilično dobro
03:42
in around 80 square meters,
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u oko 80 kvadratnih metara,
03:45
but when there's no money,
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ali kada nema novca,
03:46
what the market does
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onda tržište
03:48
is to reduce the size of the house
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smanjuje veličinu kuće
03:52
to 40 square meters.
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na 40 kvadratnih metara.
03:55
What we said was,
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Mi smo rekli sledeće -
03:56
what if,
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šta ako,
04:01
instead of thinking of 40 square meters
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umesto razmišljanja
o 40 kvadratnih metara,
o 40 kvadratnih metara,
04:05
as a small house,
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kao maloj kući,
04:08
why don't we consider it
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zašto je ne posmatramo
04:10
half of a good one?
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kao polovinu dobre?
04:13
When you rephrase the problem
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Kada preformulišete problem
04:15
as half of a good house
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kao polovinu dobre kuće
04:17
instead of a small one,
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umesto male,
04:19
the key question is, which half do we do?
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ključno pitanje je, koju polovinu radimo?
04:22
And we thought we had
to do with public money
to do with public money
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Mislili smo da sa javnim novcem
treba da radimo
treba da radimo
04:25
the half that families won't
be able to do individually.
be able to do individually.
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polovinu koju porodice
neće moći da naprave samostalno.
neće moći da naprave samostalno.
04:30
We identified five design conditions
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Identifikovali smo 5 dizajnerskih uslova
04:33
that belonged to the hard half of a house,
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koji su pripadali teškoj polovini kuće
04:35
and we went back to the
families to do two things:
families to do two things:
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i vratili smo se porodicama
da bismo uradili dve stvari:
da bismo uradili dve stvari:
04:38
join forces and split tasks.
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udružili snage i podelili zadatke.
04:42
Our design was something in between
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Naš dizajn je bio nešto između
04:45
a building and a house.
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zgrade i kuće.
04:48
As a building, it could pay
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Kao zgrada, moglo se isplatiti
04:50
for expensive, well-located land,
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za skupu zemlju na dobroj lokaciji
04:53
and as a house, it could expand.
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i kao kuća, mogla se proširiti.
04:57
If, in the process of not being expelled
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Ako bi, u procesu
zaustavljanja izbacivanja
zaustavljanja izbacivanja
04:59
to the periphery while getting a house,
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na periferiju dok ne dobiju kuće,
05:02
families kept their
network and their jobs,
network and their jobs,
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porodice čuvale svoju mrežu i poslove,
05:04
we knew that the expansion
would begin right away.
would begin right away.
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znali bismo da bi ekspanzija
momentalo počela.
momentalo počela.
05:09
So we went from this initial social housing
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Krenuli smo od ovog početnog
socijalnog stanovanja
socijalnog stanovanja
05:13
to a middle-class unit achieved
by families themselves
by families themselves
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do jedinice za srednju klasu koju su
same porodice napravile
same porodice napravile
05:18
within a couple of weeks.
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tokom nekoliko nedelja.
05:20
This was our first project
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Ovo je bio prvi projekat
05:22
in Iquique 10 years ago.
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u Ikikeu pre 10 godina.
05:24
This is our last project in Chile.
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Ovo je naš poslednji projekat u Čileu.
05:28
Different designs, same principle:
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Različiti projekti, isti princip:
05:31
You provide the frame,
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vi omogućite okvir,
05:32
and from then on, families take over.
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i odatle, porodice preuzimaju.
05:36
So the purpose of design,
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Namena projekta,
05:40
trying to understand and
trying to give an answer
trying to give an answer
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pokušavanje da se shvati
i pokušavanje da se odgovori
i pokušavanje da se odgovori
05:43
to the "3S" menace,
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na opasnost "3S":
05:45
scale, speed, and scarcity,
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veličina, brzina i nestašica,
05:47
is to channel people's own building capacity.
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je da usmeri
ljudski građevinski kapacitet.
ljudski građevinski kapacitet.
05:50
We won't solve the one million
people per week equation
people per week equation
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Nećemo rešiti jednačinu
jednog miliona ljudi nedeljno
jednog miliona ljudi nedeljno
05:54
unless we use people's own power for building.
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ako ne koristimo
ljudsku snagu za građenje.
ljudsku snagu za građenje.
05:59
So, with the right design,
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Sa pravim projektom,
06:01
slums and favelas may not be the problem
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straćare i favele
ne moraju da budu problem,
ne moraju da budu problem,
06:05
but actually the only possible solution.
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već zapravo jedino moguće rešenje.
06:08
The second case is how design can contribute
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Drugi slučaj je kako dizajn može doprineti
06:12
to sustainability.
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održivosti.
06:14
In 2012, we entered the competition
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2012. godine učestvovali smo na takmičenju
06:16
for the Angelini Innovation Center,
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za Inovacioni centar Andželini,
06:19
and the aim was to build
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i cilj je bio da se izgradi
06:21
the right environment for knowledge creation.
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pravo okruženje za stvaranje znanja.
06:25
It is accepted that for such an aim,
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Prihvaćeno je da za takav cilj,
06:27
knowledge creation,
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stvaranje znanja,
06:29
interaction among people,
face-to-face contact,
face-to-face contact,
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interakcija među ljudima,
kontakt licem u lice,
kontakt licem u lice,
06:31
it's important, and we agreed on that.
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da je važna stvar,
i složili smo se oko toga.
i složili smo se oko toga.
06:34
But for us, the question
of the right environment
of the right environment
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Ali za nas, pitanje pravog okruženja
06:37
was a very literal question.
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je bilo veoma doslovno pitanje.
06:39
We wanted to have a working space
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Želeli smo da imamo radni prostor
06:42
with the right light, with the right temperature,
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sa prikladnim osvetljenjem,
sa prikladnom temperaturom
sa prikladnom temperaturom
06:44
with the right air.
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i prikladnim vazduhom.
06:46
So we asked ourselves:
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Onda smo se zapitali:
06:48
Does the typical office building
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da li nam tipična poslovna zgrada
06:51
help us in that sense?
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pomaže u tom smislu?
06:53
Well, how does that
building look, typically?
building look, typically?
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Pa, kako ta zgrada tipično izgleda?
06:57
It's a collection of floors,
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To je spoj spratova,
06:59
one on top of each other,
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jedan na vrhu drugog,
07:01
with a core in the center
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sa jezgrom u centru,
07:04
with elevators, stairs,
pipes, wires, everything,
pipes, wires, everything,
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sa liftovima, stepenicama, cevima,
žicama, svačim,
žicama, svačim,
07:09
and then a glass skin on the outside
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i onda staklenom oblogom spolja,
07:12
that, due to direct sun radiation,
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koja prilikom direktnog sunčevog zračenja
07:16
creates a huge greenhouse effect inside.
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unutra stvara
veliki efekat staklene bašte.
veliki efekat staklene bašte.
07:21
In addition to that, let's say a guy
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Kao dodatak tome, recimo da čovek
07:23
working on the seventh floor
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koji radi na sedmom spratu
07:25
goes every single day
through the third floor,
through the third floor,
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prolazi svaki dan kroz treći sprat,
07:28
but has no idea what the guy on that floor
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ali ne zna na čemu radi
07:31
is working on.
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čovek na tom spratu.
07:33
So we thought, well, maybe
we have to turn this scheme
we have to turn this scheme
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Stoga smo mislili da bi možda
morali da izokrenemo
morali da izokrenemo
07:36
inside out.
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ovu šemu naopačke.
07:38
And what we did was,
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Pomislili smo, hajde da imamo
07:40
let's have an open atrium,
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otvoreni atrijum,
07:44
a hollowed core,
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šuplje jezgro,
07:46
the same collection of floors,
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istu grupu spratova,
07:47
but have the walls and the mass in the perimeter,
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ali sa zidovima i masama unutar,
07:52
so that when the sun hits,
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tako da kada sunce sija,
07:56
it's not impacting directly glass, but a wall.
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ne utiče direktno na staklo, već na zid.
08:02
When you have an open atrium inside,
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Kada unutra imate otvoreni atrijum,
08:05
you are able to see what others are doing
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možete da vidite šta drugi rade
08:07
from within the building, and you have
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iz unutrašnjosti zgrade i imate
08:09
a better way to control light,
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bolji način da kontrolišete svetlo,
08:11
and when you place the mass and the walls
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a kada smestite masu i zidove
08:14
in the perimeter,
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u obim,
08:16
then you are preventing direct sun radiation.
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onda sprečavate direktno sunčevo zračenje.
08:20
You may also open those windows
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Mogli biste takođe da otvorite
te prozore
te prozore
08:21
and get cross-ventilation.
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i dobijete ukrštenu ventilaciju.
08:24
We just made those openings
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Ove otvore smo napravili
08:27
of such a scale that they could work
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baš te veličine da bi mogli da funkcionišu
08:29
as elevated squares,
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kao izdignuti trgovi,
08:31
outdoor spaces throughout
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spoljašnji prostori
08:33
the entire height of the building.
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kroz čitavu visinu zgrade.
08:37
None of this is rocket science.
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Ništa od ovoga nije naučna fantastika.
08:39
You don't require sophisticated programming.
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Ne trebaju vam sofisticirani programi.
08:41
It's not about technology.
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Ne radi se o tehnologiji.
08:43
This is just archaic,
primitive common sense,
primitive common sense,
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Ovo je samo arhaičan,
primitivan zdrav razum,
primitivan zdrav razum,
08:49
and by using common sense,
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i korišćenjem zdravog razuma,
08:51
we went from 120 kilowatts
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prešli smo sa 120 kilovata
08:53
per square meter per year,
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po kvadratnom metru godišnje,
08:56
which is the typical energy consumption
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što je tipično korišćenje energije
08:58
for cooling a glass tower,
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za hlađenje staklenog tornja,
09:00
to 40 kilowatts per square meter per year.
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na 40 kilovata
po kvadratnom metru godišnje.
po kvadratnom metru godišnje.
09:04
So with the right design,
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Sa pravim dizajnom,
09:07
sustainability is nothing but the rigorous use
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održivost nije ništa drugo
sem rigoroznog korišćenja
sem rigoroznog korišćenja
09:09
of common sense.
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zdravog razuma.
Poslednji slučaj koji bih želeo da podelim
sa vama je kako dizajn
sa vama je kako dizajn
09:13
Last case I would like
to share is how design
to share is how design
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09:16
can provide more comprehensive answers
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može da obezbedi razumljivije odgovore
09:18
against natural disasters.
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protiv prirodnih katastrofa.
09:21
You may know that Chile, in 2010,
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Možda se sećate da je Čile 2010.
09:24
was hit by an 8.8 Richter scale
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pogođen zemljotresom od 8,8 stepeni
09:27
earthquake and tsunami,
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Rihterove skale i cunamijem,
09:30
and we were called to work
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i pozvani smo da radimo
09:31
in the reconstruction of the Constitución,
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na rekonstrukciji Konstitusiona,
09:34
in the southern part of the country.
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u južnom delu zemlje.
09:36
We were given 100 days, three months,
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Dali su nam 100 dana, tri meseca,
09:39
to design almost everything,
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da isprojektujemo skoro sve,
09:41
from public buildings to public space,
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od javnih objekata do javnih prostora,
09:43
street grid, transportation, housing,
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mreže ulica, prevoza, zgrada
09:45
and mainly how to protect the city
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i najvažnije, kako zaštititi grad
09:48
against future tsunamis.
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od budućih cunamija.
09:50
This was new in Chilean urban design,
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Ovo je novi čileanski urbani dizajn
09:54
and there were in the
air a couple of alternatives.
air a couple of alternatives.
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i u vazduhu je ostalo nekoliko
alternativa.
alternativa.
09:57
First one:
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Prva:
09:58
Forbid installation on ground zero.
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zabraniti instalacije na prizemlju.
10:01
Thirty million dollars spent mainly
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30 miliona dolara potrošenih uglavnom
10:03
in land expropriation.
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na eksprorpijaciju zemljišta.
10:05
This is exactly what's being
discussed in Japan nowadays,
discussed in Japan nowadays,
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Ovo je upravo ono o čemu se priča
u Japanu danas
u Japanu danas
10:08
and if you have a disciplined population
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i ako imate disciplinovanu populaciju
10:11
like the Japanese, this may work,
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poput Japanaca, ovo može da funkcioniše,
10:13
but we know that in Chile,
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ali znamo da će u Čileu,
10:14
this land is going to be
occupied illegally anyhow,
occupied illegally anyhow,
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ova zemlja biti na bilo koji način
ilegalno zauzeta
ilegalno zauzeta
10:18
so this alternative was
unrealistic and undesirable.
unrealistic and undesirable.
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tako da je ova alternativa bila
nerealna i nepoželjna.
nerealna i nepoželjna.
10:22
Second alternative: build a big wall,
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Druga alternativa: izgraditi veliki zid,
10:26
heavy infrastructure to resist
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tešku infrastrukturu da izdrži
10:28
the energy of the waves.
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energiju talasa.
10:30
This alternative was conveniently lobbied
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Ovu alternativu su
ne baš slučajno lobirale
ne baš slučajno lobirale
velike građevinske kompanije,
10:32
by big building companies,
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10:33
because it meant 42 million
dollars in contracts,
dollars in contracts,
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jer je to značilo 42 miliona dolara
u ugovorima,
u ugovorima,
10:38
and was also politically preferred,
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a to je bila i politički
poželjnija opcija,
poželjnija opcija,
10:40
because it required no land expropriation.
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jer eksprorijacija zemljišta
nije bila potrebna.
nije bila potrebna.
10:44
But Japan proved that trying to resist
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Ipak, Japan je dokazao da je
pokušavanje odolevanja
pokušavanje odolevanja
10:47
the force of nature is useless.
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silama prirode uzaludno.
10:50
So this alternative was irresponsible.
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Stoga je ova alternativa bila neodgovorna.
10:53
As in the housing process,
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Mi u stambenom procesu,
10:55
we had to include the community
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morali smo da uključimo zajednicu
10:57
in the way of finding a solution for this,
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u način traženja rešenja za ovo,
11:01
and we started a participatory design process.
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i počeli smo proces učesničkog dizajna.
11:04
(Video) [In Spanish] Loudspeaker:
What kind of city do you want?
What kind of city do you want?
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(Video) [na španskom] Zvučnik:
Kakav grad želite?
Kakav grad želite?
11:06
Vote for Constitución.
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Glasajte za Konstitusion.
11:08
Go to the Open House and express your options.
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Dođite do Otvorenog doma
i izrazite svoje opcije.
i izrazite svoje opcije.
11:10
Participate!
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Učestvujte!
11:12
Fisherman: I am a fisherman.
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Pecaroš: Ja sam pecaroš.
11:14
Twenty-five fishermen work for me.
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25 pecaroša radi za mene.
11:16
Where should I take them? To the forest?
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Gde treba da ih vodim? U šumu?
11:19
Man: So why can't we have a concrete defense?
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Čovek: Zašto onda ne možemo da imamo
betonsku odbranu?
betonsku odbranu?
11:22
Done well, of course.
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Dobro odrađenu, naravno.
11:24
Man 2: I am the history of Constitución.
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Čovek 2: Ja sam istorija Konstitusiona.
11:26
And you come here to tell me
that I cannot keep on living here?
that I cannot keep on living here?
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I dolazite ovde da mi kažete da ne mogu
da nastavim da živim ovde?
da nastavim da živim ovde?
11:30
My whole family has lived here,
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Moja čitava porodica je živela ovde,
11:32
I raised my children here,
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odgajio sam svoju decu ovde,
11:33
and my children will also
raise their children here.
raise their children here.
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2085
i moja deca će takođe odgajiti
svoju decu ovde.
svoju decu ovde.
11:36
and my grandchildren
and everyone else will.
and everyone else will.
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I moji unuci i svi ostali.
11:38
But why are you imposing this on me?
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Zašto mi onda namećete to?
11:41
You! You are imposing this on me!
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Vi! Vi mi ovo namećete!
11:42
In danger zone I am not authorized to build.
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U opasnoj zoni nemam pravo da gradim.
11:44
He himself is saying that.
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On to sebi govori.
11:46
Man 3: No, no, no, Nieves...
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Čovek br.3: Ne, ne, ne. Nieves...
11:51
Alejandro Aravena: I don't know if you were able
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Alehandro Aravena:
Ne znam da li ste uspeli
Ne znam da li ste uspeli
11:53
to read the subtitles, but you can tell
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da pročitate prevod,
ali možete da zaključite
ali možete da zaključite
11:55
from the body language
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iz govora tela
11:57
that participatory design
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da učesnički dizajn
11:58
is not a hippie, romantic,
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nije hipi, romantična,
12:00
let's-all-dream-together-about-
the-future-of-the-city
the-future-of-the-city
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stvar koja okuplja ljude da bi sanjarili
12:04
kind of thing.
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o budućnosti grada.
12:06
It is actually — (Applause)
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Zapravo je - (Aplauz)
12:09
It is actually not even with the families
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Zapravo se ne radi ni o porodicama
12:12
trying to find the right answer.
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koje pokušavaju da nađu pravi odgovor.
12:15
It is mainly trying to identify with precision
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Uglavnom se radi o pokušavanju
preciznog identifikovanja
preciznog identifikovanja
12:18
what is the right question.
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šta je pravo pitanje.
12:20
There is nothing worse than answering well
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Nema ničeg goreg od dobrog odgovaranja
12:22
the wrong question.
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na pogrešna pitanja.
12:24
So it was pretty obvious after this process
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Bilo je prilično očigledno nakon
ovog procesa
ovog procesa
12:27
that, well, we chicken out here
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da ćemo se ovde uplašiti
12:31
and go away because it's too tense,
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i otići jer je previše napeto,
12:33
or we go even further in asking,
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ili ćemo ići čak dalje u pitanju -
12:35
what else is bothering you?
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šta vas još muči?
12:37
What other problems do you have
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Koje ostale probleme imate
12:38
and you want us to take
care of now that the city
care of now that the city
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i o kojima želite da se sada pobrinemo
da bi grad
da bi grad
12:41
will have to be rethought from scratch?
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morao da bude isprojektovan iz temelja?
12:45
And what they said was,
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Ono što su rekli je bilo,
12:47
look, fine to protect the city
against future tsunamis,
against future tsunamis,
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vidite, lepo je što čuvate grad
od budućih cunamija,
od budućih cunamija,
12:50
we really appreciate, but the next one
is going to come in, what, 20 years?
is going to come in, what, 20 years?
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zaista cenimo to, ali će sledeći naići
tek za oko 20 godina?
tek za oko 20 godina?
12:55
But every single year, we have problems
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Svake godine, imamo probleme
12:57
of flooding due to rain.
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poplava zbog kiše.
13:00
In addition, we are in the middle
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Štaviše, u sred smo
13:02
of the forest region of the country,
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šumovite regije zemlje,
13:04
and our public space sucks.
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i naš javni prostor je očajan.
13:07
It's poor and it's scarce.
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Siromašan je i ograničen.
13:11
And the origin of the city, our identity,
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2584
A poreklo grada, naš identitet,
13:13
is not really connected to the buildings that fell,
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nije zapravo povezan sa zgradama
koje su pale,
koje su pale,
13:16
it is connected to the river,
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povezan je sa rekom,
13:18
but the river cannot be accessed publicly,
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ali reci se ne može pristupiti javno,
13:20
because its shores are privately owned.
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jer su obale pod privatnim vlasništvom.
13:24
So we thought that we had
to produce a third alternative,
to produce a third alternative,
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Stoga smo razmišljali da moramo
da stvorimo treću alternativu,
da stvorimo treću alternativu,
13:29
and our approach was
against geographical threats,
against geographical threats,
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i naš pristup je bio protiv
geografskih pretnji,
geografskih pretnji,
13:34
have geographical answers.
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imao je geografski odgovor.
13:37
What if, in between the city
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Šta ako, između grada
13:43
and the sea
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i mora
13:48
we have a forest,
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imamo šumu,
13:51
a forest that doesn't try to resist
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šumu koja ne pokušava da odoli
13:54
the energy of nature,
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energiji prirode,
13:56
but dissipates it by introducing friction?
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već je rasipa uvodeći trenje?
14:00
A forest that may be able to laminate the water
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Šuma koja može da smanji vodu
14:04
and prevent the flooding?
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i spreči poplavu?
14:06
That may pay the historical debt of public space,
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Koja može da plati istorijski dug
javnog prostora,
javnog prostora,
14:11
and that may provide, finally,
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a potom može da obezbedi, konačno,
14:14
democratic access to the river.
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demokratski pristup reci.
14:16
So as a conclusion of the participatory design,
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Kao zaključak učesničkog dizajna,
14:19
the alternative was validated politically and socially,
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alternativa je bila uvažena
politički i socijalno,
politički i socijalno,
14:22
but there was still the problem of the cost:
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ali je i dalje bio problem troška:
14:25
48 million dollars.
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48 miliona dolara.
14:29
So what we did was a survey
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2404
Stoga smo napravili anketu,
14:31
in the public investment system,
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u javnom investicionom sistemu,
14:34
and found out that there
were three ministries
were three ministries
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i otkrili smo
da je tamo bilo tri ministarstva
da je tamo bilo tri ministarstva
14:36
with three projects in
the exact same place,
the exact same place,
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sa tri projekta u istom mestu,
14:39
not knowing of the existence
of the other projects.
of the other projects.
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ne znajući za postojanje drugih projekata.
14:42
The sum of them: 52 million dollars.
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Njihova suma: 52 miliona dolara.
14:46
So design's power of synthesis
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Snaga sinteze dizajna
je pokušavanje stvaranja
efikasnijeg korišćenja
efikasnijeg korišćenja
14:49
is trying to make a more efficient use
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14:51
of the scarcest resource in cities,
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najoskudnijih izvora u gradovima,
14:54
which is not money but coordination.
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što nije novac već koordinacija.
14:57
By doing so, we were able to save
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2782
Radom na tome, možemo da sačuvamo
15:00
four million dollars, and
that is why the forest
that is why the forest
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2842
4 miliona dolara i zato se
15:03
is today under construction.
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šuma danas izgrađuje.
15:07
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
15:09
So be it the force of self construction,
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Bez obzira da li je to
snaga samoizgrađivanja,
snaga samoizgrađivanja,
15:13
the force of common sense,
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snaga zdravog razuma,
15:16
or the force of nature, all these forces
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3105
ili snaga prirode, sve te snage
15:19
need to be translated into form,
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treba da budu prevedene u formu,
15:22
and what that form is modeling and shaping
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i ta forma je modelovanje i oblikovanje
15:26
is not cement, bricks, or wood.
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a ne cement, cigle ili drvo.
15:29
It is life itself.
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To je sam život.
15:32
Design's power of synthesis
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2338
Snaga sinteze dizajna
15:34
is just an attempt to put
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je samo pokušaj stavljanja
15:36
at the innermost core of architecture
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u najskrivenije jezgro arhitekture
15:40
the force of life.
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snagu života.
15:42
Thank you so much.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
15:45
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alejandro Aravena - Urban architectAlejandro Aravena works inside paradoxes, seeing space and flexibility in public housing, clarity in economic scarcity, and the keys to rebuilding in the causes of natural disasters. He
Why you should listen
Throughout his career, Alejandro Aravena has grappled with what he calls the “double condition of cities.” Attracting people, knowledge, development and opportunities on one hand, the Chilean architect says cities also concentrate and magnify social pressures.
Through Elemental, the firm he founded in 1994, Aravena has devoted as much time to the design of iconic structures like the San Joaquin Universidad Catolica's “Siamese Towers” and Santiago’s Metropolitan Park as he has to the design of flexible and beautiful low-cost housing for low-income families. The firm's work is not just about buildings, but about shaping lives.
Aravena is the winner of the 2016 Pritzker Prize.
Alejandro Aravena | Speaker | TED.com