ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways.

Why you should listen

Michael McDaniel has worked on a wide range of projects for clients including MTV, Comcast, AT&T, American Airlines, Best Buy, HP, Sprint and Disney. His designs have been widely recognized; he's received awards from the Society of Environmental Graphic Designers for work at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and from Cooper Union for a conceptual redesign of the interstate highway system.

Prompted by the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, McDaniel began working in his spare time for five years straight on what would become the Exo Reaction Housing System -- portable, cheap disaster relief shelters. He is a principal designer at frog and the founder and C.E.O. at Reaction Systems, Inc.

More profile about the speaker
Michael McDaniel | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxAustin

Michael McDaniel: Cheap, effective shelter for disaster relief

Michael McDaniel: 便宜,高效的 救灾避难所

Filmed:
304,031 views

Michael McDaniel 为受灾区设计用于救灾的避难所-- 价格低廉,便于运输,甚至还有好看的外观—在发现没人愿意去建造这些房舍之后,怀着执着和着迷的心情,他决定自己来做这事。在TEDx奥斯汀大会上,McDaniel 像我们展示了他的应急住房解决机制,以及他是如何利用自己的空余时间和供应商,制造商共事 来为下一次自然灾害未雨绸缪的。(拍摄TEDx奥斯汀大会)
- Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
So, I'm going to start开始 off with kind of the buzzkillbuzzkill a little bit.
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好吧,我的开场可能有点让人扫兴
00:17
Forty-two四十二 million百万 people
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四千两百万人
00:19
were displaced流离失所 by natural自然 disasters灾害 in 2010.
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在2010年因灾成为无家可归的人。
00:22
Now, there was nothing particularly尤其 special特别 about 2010,
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不过,2010年可没有什么太大不了的
00:25
because, on average平均, 31 and a half million百万 people
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因为,平均来说,每年因为各种自然灾害
00:29
are displaced流离失所 by natural自然 disasters灾害 every一切 single year.
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而流离失所的人数达到了三千一百五十万之多。
00:32
Now, usually平时 when people hear statistics统计 or stats统计 like that,
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通常,人们听到这方面的统计数据的时候,
00:34
you start开始 thinking思维 about places地方 like Haiti海地 or other kind of
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都会想到海地或者是其他国家
00:37
exotic异国情调 or maybe even impoverished贫困 areas, but it happens发生
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或者是贫困地区,但事实上
00:40
right here in the United联合的 States状态 every一切 single year.
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类似的事情在美国每一年都在发生着。
00:44
Last year alone单独, 99 federally联邦政府 declared声明 disasters灾害
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仅去年一年,就有99起官方证实的灾害
00:47
were on file文件 with FEMAFEMA,
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被联邦应急管理局(FEMA)记录在案,
00:49
from Joplin乔普林, Missouri密苏里州, and Tuscaloosa塔斯卡卢萨, Alabama阿拉巴马,
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发生地点从密苏里州的乔普林、阿拉巴马州的塔斯卡卢萨、
00:52
to the Central中央 Texas德州 wildfires野火 that just happened发生 recently最近.
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到最近刚发生在德克萨斯州中部的森林大火。
00:56
Now, how does the most powerful强大 country国家 in the world世界
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那么,世界上最强大的国家
00:59
handle处理 these displaced流离失所 people?
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是怎么安排这些无家可归的人呢?
01:01
They cram填满 them onto cots婴儿床, put all your personal个人 belongings财物
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他们把灾民塞在简易床上,所有私人物品都被塞进
01:03
in a plastic塑料 garbage垃圾 bag, stick it underneath,
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一个塑料垃圾袋,然后扔在床下面,
01:05
and put you on the floor地板 of an entire整个 sports体育 arena竞技场,
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然后大家都挤在一个体育场里,
01:08
or a gymnasium健身房.
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或者体育馆里。
01:12
So obviously明显 there's a massive大规模的 housing住房 gap间隙,
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所以临时住房短缺问题很明显,
01:15
and this really upset烦乱 me, because academia学术界 tells告诉 you
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这让我很失望,因为学术界认为
01:18
after a major重大的 disaster灾害, there's typically一般 about
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在一次大灾难过后,一般需要
01:20
an 18-month-月 time frame to -- we kinda有点儿 recover恢复,
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经过18个月的时间,
01:23
start开始 the recovery复苏 process处理,
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才会开始重建的进程,
01:25
but what most people don't realize实现 is that on average平均
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但是大部分人都没意识到
01:27
it takes 45 to 60 days or more
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一般要经过45到60天甚至更多时间
01:30
for the infamous臭名昭著 FEMAFEMA trailers拖车 to even begin开始 to show显示 up.
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那些声名狼藉的的联邦应急管理局的拖车才会开始出现。
01:33
Before that time, people are left to their own拥有 devices设备.
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在那之前,人们只能靠自己。
01:37
So I became成为 obsessed痴迷 with trying to figure数字 out a way
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所以我开始很专注于找到一个方法来
01:40
to actually其实 fill this gap间隙.
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填补这个空缺。
01:42
This actually其实 became成为 my creative创作的 obsession困扰.
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这项创造性的事业使我十分痴迷。
01:45
I put aside在旁边 all my freelance自由职业者 work after hours小时 and started开始
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几个小时后,我就把我所有的手头兼职工作抛到一边
01:48
just focusing调焦 particularly尤其 on this problem问题.
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开始全身心投入到这项工作中。
01:53
So I started开始 sketching素描.
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画草图是第一项工作。
01:55
Two days after Katrina卡特里娜, I started开始 sketching素描 and sketching素描
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卡特里娜飓风过后两天,我开始一遍遍的画草图
01:57
and trying to brainstorm头脑风暴 up ideas思路 or solutions解决方案 for this,
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尽己所能想方设法的来找到一个可行的方案,
01:59
and as things started开始 to congeal or ideas思路 started开始 to form形成,
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当我的构思最终成形后,
02:02
I started开始 sketching素描 digitally数字 on the computer电脑,
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我开始用电脑上进行设计,
02:04
but it was an obsession困扰, so I couldn't不能 just stop there.
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当然这终究还是图纸,所以我不能就此停下。
02:07
I started开始 experimenting试验, making制造 models楷模,
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之后我开始做实验,做一些模型,
02:10
talking to experts专家 in the field领域, taking服用 their feedback反馈,
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展示给这个领域的专家们,倾听他们的反馈,
02:12
and refining精制, and I kept不停 on refining精制 and refining精制
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并进行改进,我一遍一遍的改进
02:15
for nights and weekends周末 for over five years年份.
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这个过程持续了五年多。
02:18
Now, my obsession困扰 ended结束 up driving主动 me to create创建
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最终,这个使我着迷的计划有了一个结果
02:22
full-size全尺寸 prototypes原型 in my own拥有 backyard后院 — (Laughter笑声) —
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那就是在我家后院的全尺寸原型产品(笑声)
02:24
and actually其实 spending开支 my own拥有 personal个人 savings on
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它们花光了我所有的积蓄
02:26
everything from tooling工装 to patents专利
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包括购买工具到付专利使用费
02:29
and a variety品种 of other costs成本,
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以及其他各种各样的费用,
02:31
but in the end结束 I ended结束 up with this modular模块化 housing住房 system系统
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不过最后我还是成功做出了这个模块化房屋系统
02:34
that can react应对 to any situation情况 or disaster灾害.
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它可以应付各种情况和灾难。
02:37
It can be put up in any environment环境,
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它可以被安放在任何环境中,
02:40
from an asphalt沥青 parking停車處 lot to pastures牧场 or fields领域,
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从沥青停车场到牧场或农田,
02:44
because it doesn't require要求 any special特别 setup建立
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因为它不需要任何特殊的基础建设
02:46
or specialty专业 tools工具.
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或是特殊的工具。
02:48
Now, at the foundation基础 and kind of the core核心
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这套系统的基础和核心
02:50
of this whole整个 system系统 is the Exo Housing住房 Unit单元,
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是外挂式房屋模块,
02:53
which哪一个 is just the individual个人 shelter庇护 module.
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那是一种独立的避难所模块。
02:55
And though虽然 it's light, light enough足够 that you can actually其实
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它非常轻,轻到你用手就可以
02:57
lift电梯 it by hand and move移动 it around,
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轻易的举起来并且来回挪动,
02:59
and it actually其实 sleeps睡觉 four people.
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这屋子能睡4个人。
03:03
And you can arrange安排 these things as kind of more
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你可以随意摆放它们
03:05
for encampments营地 and more of a city grid type类型 layout布局,
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例如像露营一样,或按照城市街区来规划摆放,
03:08
or you can circle the wagons货车, essentially实质上,
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或者你可以先把一些售货手推车围成一个圈,
03:10
and form形成 these circular pods out of them,
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然后把这些房屋围到外面形成帐子,
03:12
which哪一个 give you this semi-private半私人 communal公社 area
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这样一个半私密性的公共区域
03:15
for people to actually其实 spill out into so they're not actually其实
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会让住在里面的人们愿意出来走走
03:17
trapped被困 inside these units单位.
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而不是一直呆在这些屋子里。
03:19
Now this fundamentally从根本上 changes变化
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所以这项发明从根本上改变了
03:22
the way we respond响应 to disasters灾害,
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我们对灾难的反应,
03:24
because gone走了 are the horrid可怕的 conditions条件
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因为之前那种很多人躺在小床上
03:26
inside a sports体育 arena竞技场 or a gymnasium健身房, where people
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挤在体育场或体育馆里简易床的场景
03:29
are crammed临时抱佛脚 on these cots婴儿床 inside.
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已经一去不复返了。
03:31
Now we have instant瞬间 neighborhoods社区 outside.
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现在大家都成了新的邻居。
03:36
So the Exo is designed设计 to be simply只是, basically基本上
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这个房屋系统被设计的很简洁,基本上
03:39
like a coffee咖啡 cup杯子. They can actually其实 stack together一起
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很像一个咖啡杯。它们可以摞在一起
03:42
so we get extremely非常 efficient高效 transportation运输
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所以我们可以非常高效的运输
03:44
and storage存储 out of them.
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和储存它们。
03:47
In fact事实, 15 ExosEXOS can fit适合 on a single semi truck卡车 by itself本身.
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事实上,一个半挂卡车可以装15个这样的屋子。
03:51
This means手段 the Exo can actually其实 be transported and set up
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这就表明这种房屋比目前世界上其他任何住房系统
03:54
faster更快 than any other housing住房 option选项 available可得到 today今天.
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都能更快的运输和安装。
03:59
But I'm obsessive强迫症, so I couldn't不能 just stop there,
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我对这个项目很着迷,所以我并不止步于此,
04:01
so I actually其实 started开始 modifying修改 the bunks铺位 where you could
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接着我就开始设计床铺,你可以从墙壁上
04:03
actually其实 slide滑动 out the bunks铺位 and slide滑动 in desks书桌 or shelving货架,
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把床滑出来然后耨把桌子和柜子滑进去,
04:06
so the same相同 unit单元 can now be used
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这种设计也可以被用为
04:07
for an office办公室 or storage存储 location位置.
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办公室或者储藏室。
04:10
The doors can actually其实 swap交换 out, so you can actually其实 put on
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房屋的门是可以拆换的,所以你可以
04:14
a rigid死板 panel面板 with a window窗口 unit单元 in it for climate气候 control控制,
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换一个带窗户的门来调节气温,
04:17
or a connector连接器 module that would allow允许 you to actually其实
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或者装上连接模块,就可以让你
04:19
connect multiple units单位 together一起, which哪一个 gives you
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把多个房屋连接起来,这样生活空间
04:22
larger and kind of compartmentalized条块 living活的 spaces空间,
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就会变大而且可以分成不同区块,
04:26
so now this same相同 kit套件 of parts部分, this same相同 unit单元
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因此同一个屋子,
04:28
can actually其实 serve服务 as a living活的 room房间, bedroom卧室 or bathroom浴室,
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可以被当做起居室,卧室或浴室,
04:32
or an office办公室, a living活的 space空间 and secure安全 storage存储.
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或是办公室,居住空间和安全储藏室。
04:39
Sounds声音 like a great idea理念, but how do you make it real真实?
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这听起来很不错,但是要怎样才能让这些成为现实?
04:42
So the first idea理念 I had, initially原来, was just
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我最初的想法是
04:44
to go the federal联邦 and state governments政府 and go,
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找到政府部门并且跟他们说,
04:45
"Here, take it, for free自由."
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“这个送给你们,拿去吧 。”
04:48
But I was quickly很快 told that, "Boy男孩, our government政府
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但是我很快被告诉,“亲,我们的政府
04:50
doesn't really work like that." (Laughter笑声)
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根本不会这么做的。”(笑声)
04:52
Okay. Okay. So maybe I would start开始 a nonprofit非营利性
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好吧,好吧。我或许应当创立一个非盈利的机构
04:56
to kind of help consult请教 and get this idea理念 going
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来使这个想法能得到政府的支持
04:59
along沿 with the government政府, but then I was told,
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但之后我却被告知,
05:01
"Son儿子, our government政府 looks容貌 to private私人的 sector扇形
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“亲,我们的政府还指望
05:04
for things like this."
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私营企业来做这样的事情呢。”
05:05
Okay. So maybe I would take this whole整个 idea理念 and go
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好吧。我也许应该把这个主意
05:08
to private私人的 corporations公司 that would have this mutually相互 shared共享
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交给那些能共同获利的私营企业
05:11
benefit效益 to it, but I was quickly很快 told by some corporations公司
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可接着我很快收到一些公司的答复
05:14
that my personal个人 passion project项目 was not a brand fit适合
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他们认为来源于我自己倒腾出来的项目和品牌形象不符
05:18
because they didn't want their logos徽标 stamped冲压
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他们不愿意让自己的品牌
05:21
across横过 the ghettos贫民区 of Haiti海地.
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沾上 海地贫民区的痕迹
05:23
Now, I wasn't just obsessed痴迷. I was outraged愤怒. (Laughter笑声.)
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那时,我就不止是着迷怎么简单了。我愤怒了。(笑声)
05:29
So I decided决定, kind of told myself,
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于是我对自己说,
05:33
"Oh yeah? Watch this. I'll do it myself." (Laughter笑声)
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“ 是嘛?等着瞧吧,我自己来做。” (笑声)
05:39
Now, this quickly很快, my day job工作 sent发送 me to work out of
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很快,因为日常工作的缘故
05:41
our Milan米兰 office办公室 for a few少数 months个月, so I was like,
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我会有几个月不在米兰,有时候会迷惘
05:45
what will I do? So I actually其实 scheduled计划 sleep睡觉 on my calendar日历,
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我要去做些啥啊?而实际上我忙着调整我的睡眠时间呢
05:47
and spent花费 the 8-hour-小时 time difference区别 on conference会议 calls电话
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把多出来的8个小时时差用在联系
05:50
with material材料 suppliers供应商, manufacturers制造商 and potential潜在 customers顾客.
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那些供应商,制造商和潜在客源的电话会议上
05:55
And we found发现 through通过 this whole整个 process处理, we found发现
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在这过程中,我们找到了
05:56
this great little manufacturer生产厂家 in Virginia弗吉尼亚州,
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位于弗吉尼亚的这个伟大的小制造商,
05:58
and if his body身体 language语言 is any indication迹象,
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如果说他的肢体语言是想说明什么的话
06:00
that's the owner所有者 — (Laughter笑声) — of what it's like
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就是老板—(笑声)— 那他的样子就形象的再现了
06:03
for a manufacturer生产厂家 to work directly with a designer设计师,
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当制造商和设计师共事的时候,会是一副怎样的场景
06:05
you've got to see what happens发生 here. (Laughter笑声)
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正如你们现在所看到的这样。(笑声)
06:08
But G.S. Industries工业 was fantastic奇妙.
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不过G.S. 工业公司实在是太棒了
06:10
They actually其实 built内置 three prototypes原型 for us by hand.
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他们为我们做出了3个手工的模版
06:15
So now we have prototypes原型 that can show显示 that four people
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我们现在有了模版,能容纳四个人
06:18
can actually其实 sleep睡觉 securely安全 and much more comfortably舒服
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还提升了睡觉的安全度和舒适度
06:20
than a tent帐篷 could ever provide提供.
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这比帐篷可好多了
06:25
And they actually其实 shipped them here to Texas德州 for us.
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他们还为我们把模版装运到了德克萨斯州
06:26
Now, a funny滑稽 thing started开始 happening事件.
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接着,有趣的情形出现了
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Other people started开始 to believe in what we were doing,
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其他人开始认同我们的所作所为
06:30
and actually其实 offered提供 us hangar机库 space空间, donated捐赠 hangar机库
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给我们提供或捐赠机库以便工作
06:32
space空间 to us. And then the Georgetown乔治敦 Airport飞机场 Authority权威
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乔治敦机场官方还愿意帮忙
06:34
was bent弯曲 over backwards向后 to help us with anything we needed需要.
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竭尽所能满足我们的任何需要。
06:39
So now we had a hangar机库 space空间 to work in,
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现在我们有了工作的地方
06:40
and prototypes原型 to demo演示 with.
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还有了制造的样本
06:43
So in one year, we've我们已经 negotiated manufacturing制造业 agreements协议,
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接下来的一年内,我们又和制造商商议了生产协议
06:47
been awarded颁发 one patent专利, filed提交 our second第二 patent专利,
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申请到了我们的一个专利,接着又申请了第二个
06:50
talked to multiple people, demoed全世界展示 this to FEMAFEMA
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和很多人交流,向联邦应急管理局和他们的顾问展示产品样本
06:52
and its consultants顾问 to rave狂欢 reviews评论,
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联邦应急管理局的咨询师给了很高的评价
06:54
and then started开始 talking to some other people who requested要求
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之后又开始答复一些前来咨询的人
06:57
information信息, this little group called the United联合的 Nations国家.
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联合国的这群家伙
06:59
And on top最佳 of that, now we have
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正是在名单的最上端
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a whole整个 plethora过多 of other individuals个人 that have come up
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联系我们的人实在是太多了
07:04
and started开始 to talk to us from doing it for mining矿业 camps营地,
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从矿区营地到移动青年旅舍
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mobile移动 youth青年 hostels旅馆, right down to the World世界 Cup杯子
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甚至还有世界杯
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and the Olympics奥运会.
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和奥运会
07:12
So, in closing关闭, on this whole整个 thing here
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那么,在结束之前,我要说的是
07:19
is hopefully希望 very soon不久 we will not have to
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所幸我们很快就将不用再像原来一样,
07:24
respond响应 to these painful痛苦 phone电话 calls电话 that we get
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在灾难发生后,接到的令人痛心的电话
07:26
after disasters灾害 where we don't really have anything
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却只能告诉他们
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to sell or give you yet然而.
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我们现在还没有现成的东西帮助你。
07:30
Hopefully希望 very soon不久 we will be there,
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所幸我们很快就会达成目标
07:33
because we are destined注定,
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因为我们命中注定,而且
07:35
obsessed痴迷 with making制造 it real真实.
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执着于把它变成实现
07:39
Thank you. (Applause掌声)
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谢谢大家。(掌声)
Translated by Xueling Sun
Reviewed by dahong zhang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael McDaniel - Graphic designer
Michael McDaniel is a graphic designer using his skills to help people in meaningful ways.

Why you should listen

Michael McDaniel has worked on a wide range of projects for clients including MTV, Comcast, AT&T, American Airlines, Best Buy, HP, Sprint and Disney. His designs have been widely recognized; he's received awards from the Society of Environmental Graphic Designers for work at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and from Cooper Union for a conceptual redesign of the interstate highway system.

Prompted by the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, McDaniel began working in his spare time for five years straight on what would become the Exo Reaction Housing System -- portable, cheap disaster relief shelters. He is a principal designer at frog and the founder and C.E.O. at Reaction Systems, Inc.

More profile about the speaker
Michael McDaniel | Speaker | TED.com