ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com
TED Senior Fellows at TEDGlobal 2010

Peter Haas: When bad engineering makes a natural disaster even worse

彼得哈斯:海地的工程灾难

Filmed:
370,231 views

“海地地震不是自然灾难,”TED Fellow彼得哈斯说到:“这是场工程灾难。”在一月的致命地震后重建家园时,那些劣质老旧的建筑是不是成了定时炸弹?哈斯所在团体,AIDG,正在帮助海地建筑工人学习现代建筑及工程实践,一砖一瓦的建立坚固的家园。
- Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I learned学到了 about the Haiti海地 earthquake地震 by SkypeSkype的.
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我是从Skype上知道海地地震的。
00:19
My wife妻子 sent发送 me a message信息,
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我妻子给我发了个消息,
00:22
"Whoa, earthquake地震,"
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“哇,地震了,”
00:24
and then disappeared消失 for 25 minutes分钟.
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然后就消失了25分钟。
00:28
It was 25 minutes分钟 of absolute绝对 terror恐怖
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这是绝对恐怖的25分钟
00:31
that thousands数千 of people across横过 the U.S. felt.
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数以千计的美国人都感觉到了。
00:36
I was afraid害怕 of a tsunami海啸;
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我曾担心是海啸。
00:39
what I didn't realize实现
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我没意识到的是,
00:41
was there was a greater更大 terror恐怖 in Haiti海地,
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更可怕的事在海地发生了,
00:44
and that was building建造 collapse坍方.
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那就是建筑坍塌。
00:47
We've我们已经 all seen看到 the photos相片
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我们都看到过
00:49
of the collapsed倒塌 buildings房屋 in Haiti海地.
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海地建筑坍塌的照片。
00:52
These are shots镜头 my wife妻子 took
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这些是我妻子
00:54
a couple一对 days after the quake地震,
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在地震后几天拍摄的,
00:56
while I was making制造 my way through通过 the D.R. into the country国家.
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当时我正从D.R.赶往海地。
01:00
This is the national国民 palace --
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这是国家宫殿,
01:02
the equivalent当量 of the White白色 House.
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相当于白宫。
01:05
This is the largest最大 supermarket超级市场 in the Caribbean加勒比
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这是加勒比最大的超市
01:08
at peak shopping购物 time.
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购物高峰时的场面。
01:13
This is a nurses'护士 college学院 --
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这是一所护士学校
01:15
there are 300 nurses护士 studying研究.
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有三百名护士在此学习。
01:19
The general一般 hospital醫院 right next下一个 door
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学校旁边的综合医院
01:21
emerged出现 largely大部分 unscathed毫发无损.
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基本安然无恙。
01:24
This is the Ministry of Economics经济学 and Finance金融.
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这是经济与金融部。
01:30
We have all heard听说
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我们都听说了
01:32
about the tremendous巨大 human人的 loss失利
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海地地震所造成的
01:35
in the earthquake地震 in Haiti海地,
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巨大的人员伤亡,
01:37
but we haven't没有 heard听说 enough足够
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但我们并不十分了解
01:40
about why all those lives生活 were lost丢失.
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造成所有这些生命逝去的原因。
01:43
We haven't没有 heard听说 about
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我们不了解
01:45
why the buildings房屋 failed失败.
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为什么这些建筑会坍塌。
01:48
After all, it was the buildings房屋,
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毕竟,是这些建筑,
01:50
not the earthquake地震,
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而不是地震,
01:52
that killed杀害 220,000 people,
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导致220,000人死亡、
01:55
that injured受伤 330,000,
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330,000人受伤、
01:58
that displaced流离失所 1.3 million百万 people,
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130万人无家可归、
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that cut off food餐饮
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整个国家
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and water and supplies耗材
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都缺乏食物、水
02:08
for an entire整个 nation国家.
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和补给品。
02:11
This is the largest最大 metropolitan-area大都市区 disaster灾害
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这是几十年来大城市地区
02:16
in decades几十年,
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最大的灾难。
02:19
and it was not a natural自然 disaster灾害 --
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但它不是自然灾难。
02:22
it was a disaster灾害 of engineering工程.
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它是场工程灾难。
02:25
AIDGAIDG has worked工作 in Haiti海地
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AIDG从2007年起开始在
02:27
since以来 2007,
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海地工作,
02:29
providing提供 engineering工程 and business商业 support支持
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为小型企业提供
02:31
to small businesses企业.
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工程和商业支持。
02:33
And after the quake地震, we started开始 bringing使 in earthquake地震 engineers工程师
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在地震后,我们带领地震工程师进入震区,
02:37
to figure数字 out why the buildings房屋 collapsed倒塌,
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以弄清楚什么导致了建筑坍塌,
02:39
to examine检查 what was safe安全 and what wasn't.
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并检查那些没有坍塌的建筑是否安全。
02:42
Working加工 with MINUSTAH联合国海地稳定特派团,
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我们与MINUSTAH(联合国驻海地稳定特派团)一起工作,
02:45
which哪一个 is the U.N. mission任务 in Haiti海地,
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他们是联合国驻海地机构,
02:47
with the Ministry of Public上市 Works作品,
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与公共工程部一起工作,
02:49
with different不同 NGOs非政府组织,
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还有其他的一些NGO组织,
02:51
we inspected检查 over 1,500 buildings房屋.
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我们检查了超过1500栋建筑。
02:55
We inspected检查 schools学校
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我们检查过的有学校
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and private私人的 residencies住院医生.
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和私人住所。
02:59
We inspected检查 medical centers中心
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我们还坚持了医疗中心
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and food餐饮 warehouses仓库.
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和食品仓库。
03:03
We inspected检查 government政府 buildings房屋.
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我也检查了政府的建筑。
03:05
This is the Ministry of Justice正义.
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这是司法部。
03:07
Behind背后 that door
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那扇门后
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is the National国民 Judicial司法 Archives档案.
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是国家司法档案馆。
03:12
The fellow同伴 in the door, Andre安德烈 FilitraultFilitrault --
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门旁站着的是安德烈.菲利亚特罗,
03:14
who's谁是 the director导向器
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他是布法罗大学
03:16
of the Center中央 for Interdisciplinary跨学科 Earthquake地震 Engineering工程 Research研究
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跨学科地震工程研究中心
03:20
at the University大学 of Buffalo水牛 --
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的负责人,
03:23
was examining检查 it to see if it was safe安全
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他正在检查这栋建筑,以确认是否可以
03:25
to recover恢复 the archives档案.
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安全的重建档案馆。
03:27
Andre安德烈 told me,
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安德烈告诉我,
03:29
after seeing眼看 these buildings房屋 fail失败
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在看到这些建筑
03:31
again and again in the same相同 way,
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不断的以同种方式倒下后,
03:34
that there is no new research研究 here.
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这儿没什么新的发现了。
03:37
There is nothing here that we don't know.
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没什么我们不知道的了。
03:40
The failure失败 points were the same相同:
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问题的根源是相同的--
03:43
walls墙壁 and slabs not tied properly正确 into columns --
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墙和楼板之间没有用柱子正确的连接起来--
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that's a roof屋顶 slab hanging off the building建造 --
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这是挂在建筑上的天台楼板--
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cantilevered悬臂 structures结构,
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悬臂式结构,
03:53
or structures结构 that were asymmetric非对称,
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或是非对称结构,
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that shook震撼 violently猛烈 and came来了 down,
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剧烈摇晃并垮塌,
03:59
poor较差的 building建造 materials物料,
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低劣的建筑材料,
04:01
not enough足够 concrete具体,
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没有足够的混凝土,
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not enough足够 compression压缩 in the blocks,
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块与块之间没有足够的压缩空间,
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rebar螺纹钢 that was smooth光滑,
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螺纹钢表面光滑,
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rebar螺纹钢 that was exposed裸露 to the weather天气 and had rusted生锈 away.
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螺纹钢暴露在空气中并已经生锈了。
04:12
Now there's a solution
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现在对所有这些问题
04:15
to all these problems问题.
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有个解决方案。
04:17
And we know how to build建立 properly正确.
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我们知道如何进行适当的建设。
04:20
The proof证明 of this came来了 in Chile智利,
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证明来自智利,
04:23
almost几乎 a month later后来,
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大约一个月后,
04:26
when 8.8 magnitude大小 earthquake地震
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当时8.8级的地震
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hit击中 Chile智利.
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袭击了智利。
04:32
That is 500 times
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五百倍与7.0级地震
04:34
the power功率 of the 7.0
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的力量
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that hit击中 Port-au-Prince太子港 --
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袭击了太子港--
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500 times the power功率,
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五百倍的能量,
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yet然而 only under a thousand casualties伤亡.
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然而只造成了低于一千的伤亡。
04:46
Adjusted调整 for population人口 density密度,
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考虑到人口密度,
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that is less than one percent百分
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这次地震造成的影响小于
04:50
of the impact碰撞 of the Haitian海地 quake地震.
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海地地震的百分之一。
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What was the difference区别
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智利与海地之间
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between之间 Chile智利 and Haiti海地?
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有什么不同?
04:59
Seismic地震 standards标准
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抗震标准
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and confined受限 masonry石工,
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和砖石结构,
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where the building建造 acts行为 as a whole整个 --
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建筑物作为一个整体--
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walls墙壁 and columns
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墙、柱子
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and roofs屋顶 and slabs
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屋顶和楼板
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tied together一起 to support支持 each other --
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连接在一起,相互支撑,
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instead代替 of breaking破坏 off into separate分离 members会员 and failing失败.
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以免断裂成块,坠落下来。
05:18
If you look at this building建造 in Chile智利,
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你看看智利的这栋建筑,
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it's ripped撕开 in half,
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它裂成两半,
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but it's not a pile of rubble瓦砾.
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但并没有变成一堆瓦砾。
05:27
Chileans智利人 have been building建造 with confined受限 masonry石工
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智利人用砖混结构建筑房屋已经有
05:29
for decades几十年.
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几十年了。
05:32
Right now, AIDGAIDG is working加工 with KPFFKPFF Consulting咨询 Engineers工程师,
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目前,AIDG与KPFF咨询工程师,
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Architecture建筑 for Humanity人性,
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“人本建筑”协会一起
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to bring带来 more confined受限 masonry石工 training训练
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为海地带去更多的
05:41
into Haiti海地.
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砖混结构培训。
05:45
This is XantusXantus Daniel丹尼尔;
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这是埃克赞塔 丹尼尔。
05:47
he's a mason石匠,
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他是名泥瓦匠,
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just a general一般 construction施工 worker工人, not a foreman领班,
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他只是名普通工人,不是工头,
05:52
who took one of our trainings培训.
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他参加了我们的培训。
05:54
On his last job工作 he was working加工 with his boss老板,
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他最近的工作是跟他的老板一起工作,
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and they started开始 pouring浇注 the columns wrong错误.
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开始他们出现了浇筑柱子的错误。
06:00
He took his boss老板 aside在旁边,
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他让他老板站着旁边,
06:02
and he showed显示 him the materials物料 on confined受限 masonry石工.
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向他老板展示砖混结构的材料。
06:05
He showed显示 him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrong错误.
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对他老板说,“你知道,我们可以避免这个错误。
06:08
It won't惯于 cost成本 us any more
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用正确的方式完成这个工序
06:10
to do it the right way."
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不会增加任何开销。“
06:13
And they redid已重做 that building建造.
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他们重建了这个建筑。
06:15
They tied the rebar螺纹钢 right,
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他们把螺纹钢正确的绑在一起。
06:17
they poured the columns right,
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正确的浇筑柱子。
06:19
and that building建造 will be safe安全.
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这样的建筑就安全了。
06:21
And every一切 building建造
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而且他们以后建筑的
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that they build建立 going forward前锋
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每一栋建筑都会
06:25
will be safe安全.
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是安全的。
06:28
To make sure these buildings房屋 are safe安全,
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为了确保这些建筑是安全的,
06:30
it's not going to take policy政策 --
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不用制定政策,
06:33
it's going to take reaching到达 out
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只要与在场
06:35
to the masons泥瓦匠 on the ground地面
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的泥瓦匠们接触
06:38
and helping帮助 them learn学习 the proper正确 techniques技术.
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帮助他们学习适合的技术。
06:43
Now there are many许多 groups doing this.
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现在,在那儿有许多团体在做这类工作。
06:45
And the fellow同伴 in the vest背心 there,
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那儿穿着马甲的家伙,
06:47
Craig克雷格 Toten滔天,
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克雷格 图腾,
06:49
he has pushed forward前锋
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他在推动
06:51
to get documentation文件 out to all the groups that are doing this.
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让记录所有参与这项行动的组织。
06:55
Through通过 Haiti海地 Rewired重新布线,
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通过Haiti Rewired,
06:57
through通过 Build建立 Change更改, Architecture建筑 for Humanity人性,
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通过Build Change,Architecture for Humanity
07:00
AIDGAIDG,
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AIDG,
07:02
there is the possibility可能性
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就可能
07:04
to reach达到 out
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使得全国
07:07
to 30,000 -- 40,000 masons泥瓦匠
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三万至四万的泥瓦匠
07:10
across横过 the country国家
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接受辅导,
07:12
and create创建 a movement运动 of proper正确 building建造.
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并建立一个合格建筑的运动。
07:17
If you reach达到 out to the people on the ground地面
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如果通过这种合作的方式
07:19
in this collaborative共同 way
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对当地人进行培训,
07:21
it's extremely非常 affordable实惠.
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这非常经济实惠。
07:24
For the billions数十亿 spent花费 on reconstruction重建,
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对于花费数十亿的重建工作来说,
07:28
you can train培养 masons泥瓦匠
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可以用一些钱来为每栋房屋的
07:30
for dollars美元 on every一切 house
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泥瓦匠进行培训,
07:32
that they end结束 up building建造 over their lifetime一生.
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他们会把学到的东西用于今后的建设中。
07:37
Ultimately最终,, there are two ways方法
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最终,有两个方法
07:39
that you can rebuild重建 Haiti海地;
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来重建海地,
07:41
the way at the top最佳
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第一个方法
07:43
is the way that Haiti's海地 been building建造 for decades几十年.
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是海地已经进行了几十年的方法。
07:46
The way at the top最佳
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这个方法
07:48
is a poorly不好 constructed building建造
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建造出易倒塌的
07:50
that will fail失败.
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结构不良的建筑,
07:52
The way at the bottom底部 is a confined受限 masonry石工 building建造,
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第二个方法是建造砖混结构的建筑,
07:55
where the walls墙壁 are tied together一起,
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这样的建筑中墙壁连接在一起,
07:57
the building建造 is symmetric对称,
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建筑是对称的,
07:59
and it will stand up to an earthquake地震.
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并且能抵御地震。
08:02
For all the disaster灾害,
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所有的灾难过后,
08:04
there is an opportunity机会 here
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都有机会
08:07
to build建立 better houses房屋
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为下一代建造
08:09
for the next下一个 generation,
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更好的房屋,
08:11
so that when the next下一个 earthquake地震 hits点击,
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这样,当下一次地震袭来时,
08:14
it is a disaster灾害 --
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它只是灾难,
08:16
but not a tragedy悲剧.
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而不是悲剧。
08:19
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Felix Chen
Reviewed by Tony Yet

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com