ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Maria Bezaitis - Computer engineer
A principal engineer at Intel, Maria Bezaitis focuses on how constellations of personal data can form new business models.

Why you should listen

Maria Bezaitis examines the social and cultural landscape, charting new directions for technology innovation within it. At Intel, her work focuses on personal data and how it develops relationally – and what this will mean in terms of new business models, the development of new devices and interfaces, and the creation of better security technologies.

Maria joined Intel in June 2006 to direct the People and Practices Research Group. She also played a leadership role at the cutting-edge social research and design organizations, E-Lab and Sapient Corporation. A longtime literature student, Bezaitis finished her Ph.D at Duke University in French Literature.

More profile about the speaker
Maria Bezaitis | Speaker | TED.com
TED@Intel

Maria Bezaitis: Why we need strangeness

Maria Bezaitis: 人需要陌生感,不足為奇

Filmed:
1,213,949 views

在我們的數位世界裡,社會關係已變由數據去傳達。我們卻並未意識到,我們設置了路障,阻止自己認識陌生感,就是那些不同於我們往常習慣認識、喜歡的人和事,以及曾經到過的地方。就讓科技帶給我們所需要的人和事,縱使我們不熟悉它們。(錄製於 TED@Intel)
- Computer engineer
A principal engineer at Intel, Maria Bezaitis focuses on how constellations of personal data can form new business models. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
"Don't talk to strangers陌生人."
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「不要跟陌生人說話。」
00:16
You have heard聽說 that phrase短語 uttered發話
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幾十年來,你已聽過了
00:18
by your friends朋友, family家庭, schools學校 and the media媒體 for decades幾十年.
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你的朋友、家人、學校、媒體
說這句話。
00:22
It's a norm規範. It's a social社會 norm規範.
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這是一種規範,
這是一種社會規範,
00:25
But it's a special特別 kind of social社會 norm規範,
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但它是一種特殊的社會規範。
00:27
because it's a social社會 norm規範 that wants to tell us
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因為這社會規範告訴我們
00:30
who we can relate涉及 to and who we shouldn't不能 relate涉及 to.
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可以與誰親近,不應與誰親近。
00:34
"Don't talk to strangers陌生人" says,
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「不要跟陌生人說話」即是
00:37
"Stay from anyone任何人 who's誰是 not familiar to you.
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「遠離不熟悉的人,
00:41
Stick with the people you know.
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和熟悉的人在一起,
00:43
Stick with people like you."
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和像你的人在一起。」
00:46
How appealing吸引人的 is that?
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這樣聽起來吸引人嗎?
00:49
It's not really what we do, is it, when we're at our best最好?
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在我們於最佳狀態的時候,
其實我們不會這麼做,對吧?
00:52
When we're at our best最好, we reach達到 out to people
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當我們處於最佳狀態的時候,
00:55
who are not like us,
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會接觸其他和我們不同的人,
00:56
because when we do that, we learn學習 from people
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因為當我們這樣做的時候,
00:59
who are not like us.
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可從和我們不同的人身上學習,
01:01
My phrase短語 for this value of being存在 with "not like us"
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我稱這價值觀
「與其他和我們不同的人接觸」
01:06
is "strangeness陌生感,"
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為「陌生感」,
01:07
and my point is that in today's今天的 digitally數字 intensive集約 world世界,
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我認為在現今數位密集的世界,
01:11
strangers陌生人 are quite相當 frankly坦率地說 not the point.
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坦白說,陌生人並不是重點。
01:15
The point that we should be worried擔心 about is,
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我們應該擔心的是,
01:17
how much strangeness陌生感 are we getting得到?
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我們得到了多少陌生感?
01:20
Why strangeness陌生感? Because our social社會 relations關係
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為什麼是陌生感?
因為我們的社會關係
01:23
are increasingly日益 mediated by data數據,
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越來越多地透過數據傳達,
01:26
and data數據 turns our social社會 relations關係 into digital數字 relations關係,
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而數據把我們的社會關係
轉為數位關係,
01:30
and that means手段 that our digital數字 relations關係
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意味著我們的數位關係
01:32
now depend依靠 extraordinarily異常 on technology技術
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強烈地依賴科技,
01:36
to bring帶來 to them a sense of robustness穩健性,
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以帶來穩健感、
01:39
a sense of discovery發現,
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發現感、
01:41
a sense of surprise and unpredictability不可預測性.
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驚奇感和不可預測。
01:44
Why not strangers陌生人?
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為什麼不是陌生人?
01:46
Because strangers陌生人 are part部分 of a world世界
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因為陌生人屬於
01:48
of really rigid死板 boundaries邊界.
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界限鮮明世界的一部分,
01:50
They belong屬於 to a world世界 of people I know
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他們屬於我所熟識的人的世界,
01:53
versus people I don't know,
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和我不認識的人的世界,
01:56
and in the context上下文 of my digital數字 relations關係,
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在數位關係的背景下,
01:58
I'm already已經 doing things with people I don't know.
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我已經和不認識的人一起做事。
02:02
The question isn't whether是否 or not I know you.
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問題不在於我到底是否認識你,
02:06
The question is, what can I do with you?
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問題是,我們可以一起做什麼呢?
02:08
What can I learn學習 with you?
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我們可以一起學習什麼?
02:11
What can we do together一起 that benefits好處 us both?
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我們可以一起做些什麼,
以致雙方得益?
02:15
I spend a lot of time thinking思維 about
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我花了很多時間去思考,
02:17
how the social社會 landscape景觀 is changing改變,
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社會地景是怎樣改變的,
02:20
how new technologies技術 create創建 new constraints限制
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新科技如何帶給人類新的限制
02:23
and new opportunities機會 for people.
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與新的機會。
02:25
The most important重要 changes變化 facing面對 us today今天
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今天我們面對的最重要改變是
02:28
have to do with data數據 and what data數據 is doing
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必須處理數據和處理哪些數據去
02:31
to shape形狀 the kinds of digital數字 relations關係
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塑造各類不同的數位關係,
02:33
that will be possible可能 for us in the future未來.
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未來對我們有用的關係。
02:35
The economies經濟 of the future未來 depend依靠 on that.
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未來的經濟依靠著這些關係,
02:38
Our social社會 lives生活 in the future未來 depend依靠 on that.
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我們的社交生活依靠著這些關係,
02:41
The threat威脅 to worry擔心 about isn't strangers陌生人.
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令人擔心的並不是陌生人,
02:44
The threat威脅 to worry擔心 about is whether是否 or not
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我們須擔心的威脅是
02:46
we're getting得到 our fair公平 share分享 of strangeness陌生感.
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能否得到本屬於
我們份額的陌生感。
02:49
Now, 20th-centuryTH-世紀 psychologists心理學家 and sociologists社會學家
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二十世紀的心理學家和社會學家
02:51
were thinking思維 about strangers陌生人,
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過去在關於陌生人的議題上,
02:53
but they weren't thinking思維 so dynamically動態 about human人的 relations關係,
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沒有隨著時代變遷思考人類關係,
02:56
and they were thinking思維 about strangers陌生人
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在這個議題上,
02:58
in the context上下文 of influencing影響 practices做法.
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他們把陌生人放在
實踐影響的脈絡來思考。
03:00
Stanley斯坦利 Milgram米爾格拉姆 from the '60s and '70s,
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六、七十年代,
斯坦利·米爾格拉姆 (Stanley Milgram) ──
03:03
the creator創造者 of the small-world小世界 experiments實驗,
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小世界實驗的創造者,
03:05
which哪一個 became成為 later後來 popularized推廣 as six degrees of separation分割,
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這實驗後來普及為六度分隔理論,
03:08
made製作 the point that any two arbitrarily任意 selected people
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即是任何兩個隨意揀選的人,
03:12
were likely容易 connected連接的 from between之間 five to seven intermediary中介 steps腳步.
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很可能由五至七個中間人
連接在一起,
03:15
His point was that strangers陌生人 are out there.
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他認為陌生人就在那裡。
03:18
We can reach達到 them. There are paths路徑
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我們能夠接觸他們,
03:20
that enable啟用 us to reach達到 them.
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總有些路徑使我們能夠接觸他們。
03:23
Mark標記 Granovetter格蘭諾維特, Stanford斯坦福 sociologist社會學家, in 1973
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在1973年,史丹佛社會學家
馬克.格蘭諾維特 (Mark Granovetter),
03:26
in his seminal essay文章 "The Strength強度 of Weak Ties領帶,"
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寫了一篇具開創性的論文,
名為「弱連結的力量」,
03:29
made製作 the point that these weak ties聯繫
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指出這些弱連結
03:32
that are a part部分 of our networks網絡, these strangers陌生人,
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是我們網絡的一部分,這些陌生人
03:35
are actually其實 more effective有效 at diffusing擴散 information信息 to us
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較強連結、與我們最接近的人,
03:38
than are our strong強大 ties聯繫, the people closest最近的 to us.
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更有效地向我們傳播信息,
03:42
He makes品牌 an additional額外 indictment起訴書 of our strong強大 ties聯繫
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他對我們的強連結提出額外指控,
03:46
when he says that these people who are so close to us,
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當他說這些人那麼接近我們,
03:48
these strong強大 ties聯繫 in our lives生活,
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這些我們生活中的強連結,
03:50
actually其實 have a homogenizing均質 effect影響 on us.
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事實上對我們有著均質化的影響,
03:54
They produce生產 sameness千篇一律.
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他們產生相同性,
03:56
My colleagues同事 and I at Intel英特爾 have spent花費 the last few少數 years年份
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在英特爾,我和同事
曾經花掉了數年時間去尋找,
03:59
looking at the ways方法 in which哪一個 digital數字 platforms平台
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數位平台正以何種方式
04:02
are reshaping重塑 our everyday每天 lives生活,
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改變我們的日常生活,
04:04
what kinds of new routines例程 are possible可能.
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哪些新的常規可能造成影響?
04:06
We've我們已經 been looking specifically特別 at the kinds
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我們曾特別地尋找
04:08
of digital數字 platforms平台 that have enabled啟用 us
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各式各樣的數位平台,
04:10
to take our possessions財產, those things that used to be
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讓我們把佔有物 ──那些曾只限於
04:14
very restricted限制 to us and to our friends朋友 in our houses房屋,
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我們在自家裡和朋友使用──
04:17
and to make them available可得到 to people we don't know.
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分享給我們不認識的人。
04:20
Whether是否 it's our clothes衣服, whether是否 it's our cars汽車,
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不管是我們的衣服,
不管是我們的車,
04:23
whether是否 it's our bikes自行車, whether是否 it's our books圖書 or music音樂,
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不管是我們的自行車,
不管是我們的書或音樂,
04:26
we are able能夠 to take our possessions財產 now
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現在我們也可以把自己的東西,
交給那些未曾謀面的陌生人。
04:29
and make them available可得到 to people we've我們已經 never met會見.
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04:32
And we concluded總結 a very important重要 insight眼光,
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而且我們總結出一條非常重要的見解,
04:35
which哪一個 was that as people's人們 relationships關係
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就是當人與生活中的事物
04:37
to the things in their lives生活 change更改,
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改變關係的時候,
04:39
so do their relations關係 with other people.
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他們與其他人的關係也改變了。
04:43
And yet然而 recommendation建議 system系統
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一代又一代的推薦系統
04:44
after recommendation建議 system系統 continues繼續 to miss小姐 the boat.
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持續讓我們坐失良機。
04:49
It continues繼續 to try to predict預測 what I need
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這系統還根據我過往的
04:51
based基於 on some past過去 characterization描述 of who I am,
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一些特徵和做過什麼事情,
04:54
of what I've already已經 doneDONE.
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來預測我的需要。
04:57
Security安全 technology技術 after security安全 technology技術
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一代又一代的保安技術
04:59
continues繼續 to design設計 data數據 protection保護
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也持續設計數據保護方案
05:01
in terms條款 of threats威脅 and attacks攻擊,
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來抵禦威脅和攻擊。
05:04
keeping保持 me locked鎖定 into really rigid死板 kinds of relations關係.
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讓我聚焦在真正制式的各類關係,
05:07
Categories分類 like "friends朋友" and "family家庭"
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分類如「朋友」和「家庭」,
05:10
and "contacts往來" and "colleagues同事"
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「聯絡人」和「同事」,
05:12
don't tell me anything about my actual實際 relations關係.
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不要告訴我任何現實生活的關係是什麼。
05:16
A more effective有效 way to think about my relations關係
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一個更有效的方法去思考我的關係,
05:18
might威力 be in terms條款 of closeness親近 and distance距離,
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就是根據親密和距離來說,
05:21
where at any given特定 point in time, with any single person,
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在某一特定的時間,與任何一個人,
05:25
I am both close and distant遙遠 from that individual個人,
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讓我與那人親近,同時保持距離,
05:28
all as a function功能 of what I need to do right now.
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一切都取決於我現在需要做什麼。
05:33
People aren't close or distant遙遠.
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我們與其他人並不親密,也不疏離,
05:35
People are always a combination組合 of the two,
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人們總是兩者的結合,
05:38
and that combination組合 is constantly經常 changing改變.
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而這結合是不斷變化的。
05:42
What if technologies技術 could intervene干預
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假如科技能夠介入
05:45
to disrupt破壞 the balance平衡 of certain某些 kinds of relationships關係?
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並破壞某類關係的平衡呢?
05:49
What if technologies技術 could intervene干預
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假如科技能夠介入
05:51
to help me find the person that I need right now?
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幫助我去找尋那些
我現在就需要的人呢?
05:55
Strangeness奇詭 is that calibration校準
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陌生感就是
05:57
of closeness親近 and distance距離
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親密感和距離的衡量標準,
06:00
that enables使 me to find the people that I need right now,
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讓我們找到我們現在就需要的人,
06:04
that enables使 me to find the sources來源 of intimacy親密關係,
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讓我們找到親密感與
06:07
of discovery發現, and of inspiration靈感 that I need right now.
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發現的來源,和我現在就需要的靈感。
06:11
Strangeness奇詭 is not about meeting會議 strangers陌生人.
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陌生感並不是與陌生人會面,
06:13
It simply只是 makes品牌 the point that we need
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簡言之,我們需要
06:16
to disrupt破壞 our zones of familiarity熟悉.
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瓦解我們熟悉的圈子。
06:19
So jogging跑步 those zones of familiarity熟悉 is one way to think about strangeness陌生感,
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所以在熟悉地帶慢跑,
就是思考陌生感的方式之一。
06:23
and it's a problem問題 faced面對 not just by individuals個人 today今天,
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這並不只是今日個人所面對的問題,
06:25
but also by organizations組織,
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不同機構也同樣面對這問題,
06:28
organizations組織 that are trying to embrace擁抱 massively大規模 new opportunities機會.
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機構正嘗試迎接大量的新機會。
06:32
Whether是否 you're a political政治 party派對
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無論你是否一身為個政黨,
06:34
insisting堅持 to your detriment損害 on a very rigid死板 notion概念
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堅持於受到嚴格條件的限制
06:37
of who belongs屬於 and who does not,
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不論屬於誰,或不屬於誰;
06:39
whether是否 you're the government政府
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無論你是否身為一個政府,
06:41
protecting保護 social社會 institutions機構 like marriage婚姻
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要保護社會制度,如婚姻,
06:44
and restricting限制 access訪問 of those institutions機構 to the few少數,
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並只讓很少人接觸這些制度;
06:48
whether是否 you're a teenager青少年 in her bedroom臥室
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無論你是否是一個
身處自己臥房的年輕人,
06:50
who's誰是 trying to jostle爭搶 her relations關係 with her parents父母,
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試圖與父母修補關係。
06:53
strangeness陌生感 is a way to think about how we pave鋪平 the way
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陌生感是一種讓我們思考
06:56
to new kinds of relations關係.
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要如何建立新關係的方式。
06:59
We have to change更改 the norms規範.
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我們必須改變規範,
07:02
We have to change更改 the norms規範 in order訂購 to enable啟用
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我們一定要改變規範,
07:05
new kinds of technologies技術
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使各種類型的新科技,
07:07
as a basis基礎 for new kinds of businesses企業.
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能夠成為各類新商業活動的基礎。
07:10
What interesting有趣 questions問題 lie謊言 ahead for us
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在這個沒有陌生人的世界,
07:14
in this world世界 of no strangers陌生人?
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擺在我們面前的是什麼有趣問題?
07:16
How might威力 we think differently不同 about our relations關係 with people?
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我們怎樣以不同的方式
去思考與其他人的關係?
07:20
How might威力 we think differently不同 about our relations關係
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我們怎樣以不同的方式去思考
07:23
with distributed分散式 groups of people?
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與其他異己大眾間的關係?
07:25
How might威力 we think differently不同 about our relations關係 with technologies技術,
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我們怎樣以不同的方式去思考
我們與科技的關係?
07:30
things that effectively有效 become成為 social社會 participants參與者
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而事實上,科技憑藉著自身的重要性
07:33
in their own擁有 right?
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變成了社會參與者。
07:35
The range範圍 of digital數字 relations關係 is extraordinary非凡.
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數位關係涉及範圍超乎相像,
07:39
In the context上下文 of this broad廣闊 range範圍 of digital數字 relations關係,
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在這廣大數位關係的時空背景下,
07:43
safely安然 seeking strangeness陌生感 might威力 very well be
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我們安全地尋求陌生感
07:46
a new basis基礎 for that innovation革新.
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也許就能成為創新的一種新基礎了。
07:48
Thank you.
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謝謝!
07:50
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by William Choi
Reviewed by Marssi Draw

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Maria Bezaitis - Computer engineer
A principal engineer at Intel, Maria Bezaitis focuses on how constellations of personal data can form new business models.

Why you should listen

Maria Bezaitis examines the social and cultural landscape, charting new directions for technology innovation within it. At Intel, her work focuses on personal data and how it develops relationally – and what this will mean in terms of new business models, the development of new devices and interfaces, and the creation of better security technologies.

Maria joined Intel in June 2006 to direct the People and Practices Research Group. She also played a leadership role at the cutting-edge social research and design organizations, E-Lab and Sapient Corporation. A longtime literature student, Bezaitis finished her Ph.D at Duke University in French Literature.

More profile about the speaker
Maria Bezaitis | Speaker | TED.com