ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Grégoire Courtine - Spinal cord researcher
Grégoire Courtine and his interdisciplinary lab imagine new ways to recover after devastating, mobility-impairing injury to the spinal cord.

Why you should listen

In a lab in Switzerland, a little white rat is re-learning how to walk. In research dubbed Project Rewalk, Grégoire Courtine and his collaborators are figuring out how a spinal cord with a severe lesion might repair itself, to the point that voluntary locomotion could happen again -- not just reactive movement but brain-directed walking and running. The treatment involves a re-awakening cocktail of chemicals released onto the spinal cord, combined with electrical stimulation -- plus repeated exercise that rehearses the walking movement. As part of the experiment, Courtine's team developed a robot that gently supports the rat vertically but does not push it forward; the rat has to decide to move on its own. And eventually, it does. As Courtine explains, "the training forces the brain to recruit what is left of the neural system to get the job done."
 
Courtine holds the International Paraplegic Foundation chair in spinal cord repair at the Center for Neuroprosthetics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne.

More profile about the speaker
Grégoire Courtine | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Grégoire Courtine: The paralyzed rat that walked

葛瑞格.庫爾坦 (Grégoire Courtine): 行走的癱瘓老鼠

Filmed:
989,937 views

脊椎損傷造成大腦和身軀溝通的中斷,導致癱瘓。葛瑞格.庫爾坦呈現他實驗室最新的結果,一個新的方法,結合藥物,電流刺激和機械支撐,重新喚起神經路徑,讓身軀能再次自行移動。看看這是如何辦到的,一隻癱瘓的老鼠能夠在步道上跑步行走。
- Spinal cord researcher
Grégoire Courtine and his interdisciplinary lab imagine new ways to recover after devastating, mobility-impairing injury to the spinal cord. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I am a neuroscientist神經學家
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我是一位神經科學家
00:14
with a mixed background背景 in physics物理 and medicine醫學.
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有物理和醫學的背景
00:17
My lab實驗室 at the Swiss瑞士人 Federal聯邦 Institute研究所 of Technology技術
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在蘇黎世聯邦理工學院
00:22
focuses重點 on spinal cord injury,
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我的實驗室專注在脊椎損傷
00:26
which哪一個 affects影響 more than 50,000 people
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每年全球有超過五萬人
00:28
around the world世界 every一切 year,
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深受其害
00:31
with dramatic戲劇性 consequences後果 for affected受影響 individuals個人,
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每位受害者遇到的戲劇性後果
00:35
whose誰的 life literally按照字面 shatters碎裂
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確實地粉碎了他們的生活
00:37
in a matter of a handful少數 of seconds.
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一切都發生在短短幾秒的瞬間
00:40
And for me, the Man of Steel,
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對我來說, 鋼鐵英雄,
00:43
Christopher克里斯托弗 Reeve里夫,
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克里斯多夫.李維
00:45
has best最好 raised上調 the awareness意識
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喚起大數人們
00:47
on the distress苦難 of spinal cord injured受傷 people.
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對脊椎損傷患者困境的認識
00:50
And this is how I started開始 my own擁有 personal個人 journey旅程
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這是我如何開始我個人的旅程
00:54
in this field領域 of research研究,
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在這研究領域中
00:55
working加工 with the Christopher克里斯托弗 and Dana達納 Reeve里夫 Foundation基礎.
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和李維夫婦基金會一同共事
00:58
I still remember記得 this decisive決定性 moment時刻.
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我仍記得這決定性的時刻
01:03
It was just at the end結束 of a regular定期 day of work
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那是一個在基金會的平常日子
01:05
with the foundation基礎.
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工作結束時
01:07
Chris克里斯 addressed解決 us, the scientists科學家們 and experts專家,
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克里斯多夫對我們這群科學家和專家說
01:11
"You have to be more pragmatic務實.
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"你們應該要更務實一點
01:15
When leaving離開 your laboratory實驗室 tomorrow明天,
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明天你們離開實驗時
01:17
I want you to stop by the rehabilitation復原 center中央
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我要你們到復健中心來一下
01:20
to watch injured受傷 people
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看看這些傷患
01:22
fighting戰鬥 to take a step,
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努力的跨出每一個步伐
01:24
struggling奮鬥的 to maintain保持 their trunk樹幹.
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艱難的維持他們的身軀
01:26
And when you go home,
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然後當你們回家後
01:28
think of what you are going to change更改 in your research研究
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想想你們要如何改變你們的研究
01:30
on the following以下 day to make their lives生活 better."
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在將來可以讓他們的生活更好"
01:34
These words, they stuck卡住 with me.
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這段話震驚了我
01:38
This was more than 10 years年份 ago,
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這是十多年之前的事
01:40
but ever since以來, my laboratory實驗室 has followed其次
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到今, 我實驗室一直都是
01:43
the pragmatic務實 approach途徑 to recovery復甦
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追求務實的方式
01:45
after spinal cord injury.
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使脊椎損傷患者復原
01:47
And my first step in this direction方向
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而我的第一步
01:49
was to develop發展 a new model模型 of spinal cord injury
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是發展一個新的模型
01:53
that would more closely密切 mimic模仿者 some of the key features特徵 of human人的 injury
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使脊椎損傷能像其它種類的損傷
01:56
while offering well-controlled良好控制 experimental試驗 conditions條件.
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提供一個控制良好的實驗環境
02:00
And for this purpose目的, we placed放置 two hemisectionshemisections
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為了這個目的, 我們安置兩個半切的部位
02:02
on opposite對面 sides雙方 of the body身體.
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在身軀的兩側
02:04
They completely全然 interrupt打斷 the communication通訊
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他們完全地阻礙
02:06
between之間 the brain and the spinal cord,
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大腦和脊椎的溝通
02:08
thus從而 leading領導 to complete完成 and permanent常駐 paralysis麻痺
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造成腿部全面性及永久性的
02:11
of the leg.
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癱瘓
02:13
But, as observed觀察到的, after most injuries受傷 in humans人類,
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但觀察後發現, 大部分人體的損傷
02:17
there is this intervening介入 gap間隙 of intact完整 neural神經 tissue組織
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在完好神經組織之間的存在著空隙
02:20
through通過 which哪一個 recovery復甦 can occur發生.
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讓復原的現象發生
02:22
But how to make it happen發生?
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這是如何發生的呢?
02:25
Well, the classical古典 approach途徑
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傳統的方法是
02:29
consists of applying應用 intervention介入
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施行手術
02:31
that would promote促進 the growth發展 of the severed切斷 fiber纖維
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讓斷裂的神經纖維
02:34
to the original原版的 target目標.
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生長到你的目標去
02:36
And while this certainly當然 remained保持 the key for a cure治愈,
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這是目前治療的重要關鍵
02:40
this seemed似乎 extraordinarily異常 complicated複雜 to me.
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但對我來說是非常的複雜
02:44
To reach達到 clinical臨床 fruition享用 rapidly急速,
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要即刻享受臨床的成果
02:46
it was obvious明顯:
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很明顯地
02:48
I had to think about the problem問題 differently不同.
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我必須要用不同的方式思考問題
02:52
It turned轉身 out that more than 100 years年份 of research研究
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脊椎神經生理學超過一百年的研究
02:55
on spinal cord physiology生理,
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脊椎神經生理學超過一百年的研究
02:57
starting開始 with the Nobel諾貝爾 Prize Sherrington謝林頓,
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諾貝爾獎得主謝靈頓
02:59
had shown顯示 that
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曾指出
03:01
the spinal cord, below下面 most injuries受傷,
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脊椎神經在未達到重大損傷
03:03
contained all the necessary必要 and sufficient足夠 neural神經 networks網絡
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保有必要及足夠的神經網絡
03:06
to coordinate坐標 locomotion運動,
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來協調運動
03:09
but because input輸入 from the brain is interrupted間斷,
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但因為從大腦來的訊號被阻礙
03:12
they are in a nonfunctional非功能性 state, like kind of dormant休眠.
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它們處於無作用狀態, 像是冬眠
03:15
My idea理念: We awaken this network網絡.
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我的想法是: 喚醒這神經網絡
03:19
And at the time, I was a post-doctoral博士後 fellow同伴 in Los洛杉磯 Angeles洛杉磯,
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當我在洛杉機做博士後研究時
03:23
after completing完成 my Ph博士.D. in France法國,
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也是我在法國拿到博士學位之後
03:26
where independent獨立 thinking思維
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獨立思考的能力
03:28
is not necessarily一定 promoted提拔.
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還沒有必然地建立起來
03:31
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:33
I was afraid害怕 to talk to my new boss老闆,
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我很擔心和我的新老闆對談
03:36
but decided決定 to muster鼓起 up my courage勇氣.
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但我鼓起勇氣
03:39
I knocked被撞 at the door of my wonderful精彩 advisor顧問,
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敲了敲我那出色指導教授 Reggie Edgerton 的門
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Reggie雷吉 Edgerton埃傑頓, to share分享 my new idea理念.
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分享我新的想法
03:46
He listened聽了 to me carefully小心,
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他仔細地聆聽
03:48
and responded回應 with a grin微笑.
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不時露齒而笑
03:51
"Why don't you try?"
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"你為何不去試試看呢?"
03:53
And I promise諾言 to you,
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我可以向你保證
03:55
this was such這樣 an important重要 moment時刻 in my career事業,
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這是我生命中一個重要的時刻
03:58
when I realized實現 that the great leader領導
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一個出色的領導者
04:01
believed相信 in young年輕 people and new ideas思路.
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相信一位年輕人和新想法
04:04
And this was the idea理念:
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我的新想法是:
04:05
I'm going to use a simplistic簡單化 metaphor隱喻
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我要使用最簡單的比喻
04:08
to explain說明 to you this complicated複雜 concept概念.
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向你們解釋這複雜的概念
04:10
Imagine想像 that the locomotor運動 system系統 is a car汽車.
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想像一台汽車裡的引擎
04:15
The engine發動機 is the spinal cord.
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這引擎就是脊椎神經
04:17
The transmission傳輸 is interrupted間斷. The engine發動機 is turned轉身 off.
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當神經傳導被中斷, 引擎就熄火了
04:20
How could we re-engage重新介入 the engine發動機?
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我們要如何讓引擎再次起動呢?
04:23
First, we have to provide提供 the fuel汽油;
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首先, 我們要提供燃油
04:26
second第二, press the accelerator加速器 pedal踏板;
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其次, 踩下油門
04:29
third第三, steer駕駛 the car汽車.
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最後, 發動汽車
04:31
It turned轉身 out that there are known已知 neural神經 pathways途徑
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有一個已知的從大腦出來的神經傳導路徑
04:33
coming未來 from the brain that play this very function功能
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扮演著運動的關鍵功能
04:35
during locomotion運動.
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扮演著運動的關鍵功能
04:37
My idea理念: Replace更換 this missing失踪 input輸入
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我的想法: 取代遺失的訊號
04:40
to provide提供 the spinal cord
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提供脊椎神經
04:41
with the kind of intervention介入
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一種手術
04:42
that the brain would deliver交付 naturally自然 in order訂購 to walk步行.
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讓大腦可以自然地傳達走路的訊號
04:47
For this, I leveraged槓桿 20 years年份 of past過去 research研究 in neuroscience神經科學,
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我使用了過去二十幾年的神經科學研究成果
04:52
first to replace更換 the missing失踪 fuel汽油
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先是用輔佐藥取代遺失的燃油
04:54
with pharmacological藥理 agents代理
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先是用輔佐藥取代遺失的燃油
04:56
that prepare準備 the neurons神經元 in the spinal cord to fire,
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讓脊椎中的神經元預備起動
05:00
and second第二, to mimic模仿者 the accelerator加速器 pedal踏板
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然後用電極刺激模仿油門
05:04
with electrical電動 stimulation促進.
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然後用電極刺激模仿油門
05:05
So here imagine想像 an electrode電極
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想像一個電極
05:08
implanted植入 on the back of the spinal cord
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植入脊椎的後面
05:10
to deliver交付 painless無痛人流 stimulation促進.
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以傳導無痛的刺激
05:12
It took many許多 years年份, but eventually終於 we developed發達
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歷經許多年, 最終發展出
05:15
an electrochemical電化學 neuroprosthesis神經假體
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電化學神經修補術
05:18
that transformed改造 the neural神經 network網絡
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可以將脊椎的神經網絡
05:19
in the spinal cord from dormant休眠 to a highly高度 functional實用 state.
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從休眠中喚醒成具高度功能性狀態
05:24
Immediately立即, the paralyzed rat can stand.
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緊接著, 癱瘓的老鼠就可以站立了
05:31
As soon不久 as the treadmill跑步機 belt starts啟動 moving移動,
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步行機一旦開始移動
05:33
the animal動物 shows節目 coordinated協調 movement運動 of the leg,
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老鼠腳部可以表現出相對應的動作
05:37
but without the brain.
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但不需要經過大腦
05:39
Here what I call "the spinal brain"
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我稱之為 "脊椎腦"
05:41
cognitively認知 processes流程 sensory感覺的 information信息
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它能處理從運動的腿部
05:44
arising產生 from the moving移動 leg
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傳來的感覺訊息
05:46
and makes品牌 decisions決定 as to how to activate啟用 the muscle肌肉
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然後決定如何去作動肌肉
05:49
in order訂購 to stand, to walk步行, to run,
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以便能站立, 行走, 或跑步
05:53
and even here, while sprinting衝刺,
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甚至在衝刺時
05:55
instantly即刻 stand
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能在跑步機停止時
05:57
if the treadmill跑步機 stops停止 moving移動.
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馬上站立住
06:00
This was amazing驚人.
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這相當地神奇
06:01
I was completely全然 fascinated入迷 by this locomotion運動
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我完全被這種
06:04
without the brain,
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不需大腦的運動動作所震攝
06:07
but at the same相同 time so frustrated受挫.
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但同時也很挫折
06:11
This locomotion運動 was completely全然 involuntary非自願.
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這種運動是完全非自願性
06:13
The animal動物 had virtually實質上 no control控制 over the legs.
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動物幾乎是無法控制它的腿
06:16
Clearly明確地, the steering操舵 system系統 was missing失踪.
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很明顯地, 缺乏方向盤操控系統
06:21
And it then became成為 obvious明顯 from me
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對我來說
06:22
that we had to move移動 away
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我們必須改變方式
06:24
from the classical古典 rehabilitation復原 paradigm範例,
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從傳統復健的模式
06:27
stepping步進 on a treadmill跑步機,
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踏上這一跑步機
06:29
and develop發展 conditions條件 that would encourage鼓勵
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然後發展出一個機制
06:32
the brain to begin開始 voluntary自主性 control控制 over the leg.
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能喚起腦部自發性地控制大腿
06:37
With this in mind心神, we developed發達 a completely全然 new
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在這思維下, 我們發展一個全新的機械系統
06:41
robotic機器人 system系統 to support支持 the rat
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在任何方位來幫忙這隻老鼠
06:44
in any direction方向 of space空間.
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在任何方位來幫忙這隻老鼠
06:46
Imagine想像, this is really cool.
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這很酷的
06:49
So imagine想像 the little 200-gram-公克 rat
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想像一個200公克的小老鼠
06:52
attached at the extremity末端 of this 200-kilo-公斤 robot機器人,
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依在一個200公斤的機械上
06:56
but the rat does not feel the robot機器人.
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但它不會感覺到機械的存在
06:59
The robot機器人 is transparent透明,
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這機械是透明的
07:01
just like you would hold保持 a young年輕 child兒童
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就像你扶著一個小孩
07:03
during the first insecure不安全 steps腳步.
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讓他踏出他的第一步
07:06
Let me summarize總結: The rat received收到
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簡言之
07:09
a paralyzing癱瘓 lesion病變 of the spinal cord.
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這老鼠得了脊椎麻痺損傷
07:12
The electrochemical電化學 neuroprosthesis神經假體 enabled啟用
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電化學神經修補術
07:14
a highly高度 functional實用 state of the spinal locomotor運動 networks網絡.
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能讓脊椎運動神經網絡再次作用起來
07:18
The robot機器人 provided提供 the safe安全 environment環境
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這機械提供一個安全的環境
07:22
to allow允許 the rat to attempt嘗試 anything
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讓老鼠能自主的觸發
07:24
to engage從事 the paralyzed legs.
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作動起癱瘓的腿部
07:27
And for motivation動機, we used what I think
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就動機而言, 我們使用了
07:30
is the most powerful強大 pharmacology藥理 of Switzerland瑞士:
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在瑞典最有影響力的藥理學:
07:33
fine Swiss瑞士人 chocolate巧克力.
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瑞士巧克力
07:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:39
Actually其實, the first results結果 were very, very,
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事實上, 第一的結果是非常非常
07:43
very disappointing令人失望.
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非常的令人失望
07:46
Here is my best最好 physical物理 therapist治療師
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這是我最好的物理治療師
07:56
completely全然 failing失敗 to encourage鼓勵 the rat
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他完全地失敗
07:59
to take a single step,
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無法讓老鼠踏出一步
08:01
whereas the same相同 rat, five minutes分鐘 earlier,
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這是五分鐘前的同一隻老鼠
08:04
walked beautifully精美 on the treadmill跑步機.
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很優雅的在跑步機上行走
08:06
We were so frustrated受挫.
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我們感到非常的挫折
08:08
But you know, one of the most essential必要 qualities氣質
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但是你知道的, 科學家最重要特質之一
08:11
of a scientist科學家 is perseverance毅力.
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就是堅持不懈
08:14
We insisted堅持. We refined精製 our paradigm範例,
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我們重新改善我們的模型
08:17
and after several一些 months個月 of training訓練,
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經過數個月的訓練
08:19
the otherwise除此以外 paralyzed rat could stand,
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另外癱瘓的老鼠可以站立了
08:23
and whenever每當 she decided決定,
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無論何時它想要
08:25
initiated啟動 full充分 weight-bearing負重 locomotion運動
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可以激起帶動全身重量的運動
08:27
to sprint短跑 towards the rewards獎勵.
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衝刺達向終點
08:31
This is the first recovery復甦 ever observed觀察到的
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這是第一次的大發現
08:34
of voluntary自主性 leg movement運動
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自主性的腿部運動
08:36
after an experimental試驗 lesion病變 of the spinal cord
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在造成永久癱瘓的脊椎損傷之後
08:38
leading領導 to complete完成 and permanent常駐 paralysis麻痺.
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在造成永久癱瘓的脊椎損傷之後
08:42
In fact事實 --
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事實上...
08:44
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
08:45
Thank you.
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謝謝
08:50
In fact事實, not only could the rat initiate發起
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事實上, 這老鼠不單單地
08:53
and sustain支持 locomotion運動 on the ground地面,
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激發並維持著運動
08:56
they could even adjust調整 leg movement運動,
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也能夠調整腿部的運動
08:58
for example, to resist gravity重力
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例如, 抵抗重力
09:00
in order訂購 to climb a staircase樓梯.
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以便能爬樓梯
09:03
I can promise諾言 you this was
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我可以向各位保證
09:05
such這樣 an emotional情緒化 moment時刻 in my laboratory實驗室.
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這是我實驗室中多麼令人動容的時刻
09:08
It took us 10 years年份 of hard work
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十年的努力
09:11
to reach達到 this goal目標.
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達到這樣的成果
09:13
But the remaining其餘 question was, how?
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但我們仍要問, 這是如何辦到的?
09:16
I mean, how is it possible可能?
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我是說, 為什麼可能?
09:17
And here, what we found發現
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這裡我們所發現的
09:19
was completely全然 unexpected意外.
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是完全在意料之外的
09:23
This novel小說 training訓練 paradigm範例
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這個全新的訓練模式
09:27
encouraged鼓勵 the brain to create創建 new connections連接,
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讓腦部產生新的網絡聯結
09:31
some relay中繼 circuits電路
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一些轉接的網絡
09:33
that relay中繼 information信息 from the brain
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將來自大腦的訊息
09:36
past過去 the injury and restore恢復 cortical皮質 control控制
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繞過損傷, 恢復皮層的控制
09:40
over the locomotor運動 networks網絡 below下面 the injury.
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在損傷之下重建運動的網絡
09:43
And here, you can see one such這樣 example,
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你可以看到一個例子
09:46
where we label標籤 the fibers纖維 coming未來 from the brain in red.
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我們將來自大腦的神輕標成紅色
09:49
This blue藍色 neuron神經元 is connected連接的 with the locomotor運動 center中央,
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藍色神經元連接到運動中樞
09:53
and what this constellation星座
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這些像星座的
09:55
of synaptic突觸 contacts往來 means手段
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神經突觸代表著
09:57
is that the brain is reconnected重新連接 with the locomotor運動 center中央
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大腦重新連結到運動中樞
10:01
with only one relay中繼 neuron神經元.
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只經由一個轉接神經元
10:05
But the remodeling重塑 was not restricted限制
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但這個重建現象不僅限於
10:07
to the lesion病變 area.
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癱瘓的部位
10:08
It occurred發生 throughout始終 the central中央 nervous緊張 system系統,
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它也發生在中央神經系統
10:12
including包含 in the brain stem,
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包含腦幹
10:14
where we observed觀察到的 up to 300-percent-百分 increase增加
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我們觀察到來自大腦的神經纖維密度
10:17
in the density密度 of fibers纖維 coming未來 from the brain.
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增加了三倍
10:21
We did not aim目標 to repair修理 the spinal cord,
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我們並沒有想要修復脊椎神經
10:24
yet然而 we were able能夠 to promote促進
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但我們提供了一個
10:27
one of the more extensive廣泛 remodeling重塑
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針對神經突軸
10:29
of axonal軸突 projections預測 ever observed觀察到的
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非常廣泛的重建技術
10:32
in the central中央 nervous緊張 system系統 of adult成人 mammal哺乳動物
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應用在損傷的成年哺乳類動物的
10:34
after an injury.
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中央神經統上
10:36
And there is a very important重要 message信息
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在這個發現背後
10:42
hidden behind背後 this discovery發現.
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有個非常重要的訊息
10:46
They are the result結果 of a young年輕 team球隊
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這些成果來自於
10:49
of very talented天才 people:
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一個很有才氣的年經團隊:
10:52
physical物理 therapists治療師, neurobiologists神經生物學家, neurosurgeons神經外科醫生,
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包括物理治療師, 神經生物學家, 神經外科家
10:56
engineers工程師 of all kinds,
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各類的工程師
10:58
who have achieved實現 together一起
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一同達成的成果
11:00
what would have been impossible不可能 by single individuals個人.
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這對任何一個單獨的人都是不可能的任務
11:04
This is truly a trans-disciplinary跨學科 team球隊.
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這是一個真正的跨領域團隊
11:07
They are working加工 so close to each other
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他們很密切的合作
11:09
that there is horizontal transfer轉讓 of DNA脫氧核糖核酸.
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像是DNA的平行轉移
11:12
We are creating創建 the next下一個 generation
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我們創造出下個世代的
11:14
of M.D.'s and engineers工程師
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醫生和工程師
11:16
capable of translating翻譯 discoveries發現 all the way
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有能力將基礎研究
11:18
from bench長凳 to bedside床頭.
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轉到臨床實驗上
11:21
And me?
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那我呢?
11:23
I am only the maestro大師 who orchestrated策劃 this beautiful美麗 symphony交響樂.
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我只是一個交響樂團的指揮家
11:28
Now, I am sure you are all wondering想知道, aren't you,
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現在, 你們一定都很好奇
11:34
will this help injured受傷 people?
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這個真的能幫助受傷的人們嗎?
11:38
Me too, every一切 day.
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我每天也問這個問題
11:42
The truth真相 is that we don't know enough足夠 yet然而.
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事實上我們還不知道
11:46
This is certainly當然 not a cure治愈 for spinal cord injury,
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這確實不算是脊椎損傷的治療
11:50
but I begin開始 to believe that this may可能 lead
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但我開始相信
11:53
to an intervention介入 to improve提高 recovery復甦
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這很有可能是一個開端去改善
11:55
and people's人們 quality質量 of life.
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人們的復原和生活狀況
11:58
I would like you all
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我希望各位
12:01
to take a moment時刻 and dream夢想 with me.
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和我一起有著這個夢想
12:04
Imagine想像 a person just suffered遭遇 a spinal cord injury.
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想像一個受到脊椎損傷的人
12:10
After a few少數 weeks of recovery復甦,
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在數週之後的復原
12:13
we will implant注入 a programmable可編程的 pump
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植入一個可程式化的泵
12:16
to deliver交付 a personalized個性化 pharmacological藥理 cocktail雞尾酒
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把個人化的藥物
12:19
directly to the spinal cord.
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直接送到脊椎裡
12:21
At the same相同 time, we will implant注入 an electrode電極 array排列,
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同時, 也植入一個電極陣列
12:25
a sort分類 of second第二 skin皮膚
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像是第二層的表皮
12:27
covering覆蓋 the area of the spinal cord controlling控制 leg movement運動,
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覆蓋控制腿部運動的脊椎神經
12:30
and this array排列 is attached to an electrical電動 pulse脈衝 generator發電機
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這些電極陣列連結到一個電脈衝產生器
12:33
that delivers提供 stimulations刺激 that are tailored量身定制
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根據個人的需要
12:36
to the person's人的 needs需求.
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傳導神經刺激
12:38
This defines定義 a personalized個性化 electrochemical電化學 neuroprosthesis神經假體
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這是一個個人化的電化學神經修補術
12:43
that will enable啟用 locomotion運動
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能夠在新設計的支撐機構上復健後
12:46
during training訓練 with a newly designed設計 supporting支持 system系統.
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進行運動動作
12:50
And my hope希望 is that after several一些 months個月 of training訓練,
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而我希望在數個月的訓練後
12:53
there may可能 be enough足夠 remodeling重塑 of residual剩餘的 connection連接
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有足夠的網絡能重建起來
12:55
to allow允許 locomotion運動 without the robot機器人,
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使得不依賴這些機械而能運動
12:59
maybe even without pharmacology藥理 or stimulation促進.
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甚至是可以不用靠藥物或電流刺激
13:03
My hope希望 here is to be able能夠 to create創建
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我希望能創造出一個
13:05
the personalized個性化 condition條件
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個人化的環境
13:07
to boost促進 the plasticity可塑性 of the brain
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來加強大腦和脊椎神經的
13:10
and the spinal cord.
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可塑性
13:12
And this is a radically根本 new concept概念
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這是一個全新的概念
13:14
that may可能 apply應用 to other neurological神經 disorders障礙,
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或許可以應用在其它的神經失調
13:18
what I termed被稱為 "personalized個性化 neuroprosthetics神經義肢,"
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我稱之為 "個人化神經修補術"
13:22
where by sensing傳感 and stimulating刺激 neural神經 interfaces接口,
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透過感應和刺激神經介面
13:25
I implanted植入 throughout始終 the nervous緊張 system系統,
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遍及整個神經系統
13:29
in the brain, in the spinal cord,
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包含大腦, 脊椎神經
13:32
even in peripheral外圍設備 nerves神經,
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甚至在周邊神經系統
13:35
based基於 on patient-specific患者特異性的 impairments障礙.
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根據病患的損傷程度來進行
13:38
But not to replace更換 the lost丟失 function功能, no --
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這不是取代失去的功能
13:43
to help the brain help itself本身.
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而且幫大腦自行重建
13:46
And I hope希望 this enticed誘惑 your imagination想像力,
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我期盼這能誘發你的想像力
13:49
because I can promise諾言 to you
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因為我保證
13:51
this is not a matter of whether是否 this revolution革命 will occur發生,
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這不是關於革新能否成功
13:54
but when.
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而且在於何時
13:56
And remember記得, we are only as great
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記住, 我們因想像而美好
13:58
as our imagination想像力, as big as our dream夢想.
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因夢想而偉大
14:01
Thank you.
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謝謝
14:03
(Applause掌聲)
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4000
(掌聲)
Translated by Wen-Hsin (Willy) Feng
Reviewed by Lee Li

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Grégoire Courtine - Spinal cord researcher
Grégoire Courtine and his interdisciplinary lab imagine new ways to recover after devastating, mobility-impairing injury to the spinal cord.

Why you should listen

In a lab in Switzerland, a little white rat is re-learning how to walk. In research dubbed Project Rewalk, Grégoire Courtine and his collaborators are figuring out how a spinal cord with a severe lesion might repair itself, to the point that voluntary locomotion could happen again -- not just reactive movement but brain-directed walking and running. The treatment involves a re-awakening cocktail of chemicals released onto the spinal cord, combined with electrical stimulation -- plus repeated exercise that rehearses the walking movement. As part of the experiment, Courtine's team developed a robot that gently supports the rat vertically but does not push it forward; the rat has to decide to move on its own. And eventually, it does. As Courtine explains, "the training forces the brain to recruit what is left of the neural system to get the job done."
 
Courtine holds the International Paraplegic Foundation chair in spinal cord repair at the Center for Neuroprosthetics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne.

More profile about the speaker
Grégoire Courtine | Speaker | TED.com