ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Tod Machover - Composer, inventor
At MIT's Media Lab, Tod Machover creates boundary-breaking new music, often using new instruments and music technologies he has invented.

Why you should listen

Tod Machover is head of the MIT Media Lab's Hyperinstruments/Opera of the Future group. He has composed five operas and helped to develop many groundbeaking musical technologies -- including Hyperinstruments, a technology that augments musical expression for both virtuosi (from Yo-Yo Ma to Prince) and amateurs, and Hyperscore, software that allows anyone to create sophisticated, original music by using lines and colors. Many of Machover's principles about "active participation" in music are exemplified in Guitar Hero, which grew out of his lab.

Among his current projects is a new opera, Death and the Powers, complete with a musical chandelier, animatronic walls, and an army of robots. Death and the Powers premieres in Monaco in September 2009.

A recent focus of Machover's group has been on Music, Mind and Health, which marshals the power of music to promote well-being. Working with long-term patients at facilities such as Tewksbury Hospital, north of Boston, the group's goal is to develop personal musical activities that adapt to the particular skills and needs of each individual. In this way, the path to health becomes as rewarding as learning an instrument, composing a symphony, or premiering at Carnegie Hall.

More profile about the speaker
Tod Machover | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ellsey - Musician
Dan Ellsey uses Hyperscore music software and a custom-tuned musical "hyperinstrument" to write, perform and conduct his music, and to help others learn how to compose.

Why you should listen

A resident of Tewksbury Hospital in Massachusetts, Dan Ellsey has cerebral palsy and does not walk or speak. He does, however, write and play his own music, and mentor others, through a groundbreaking music system developed by MIT's Tod Machover and his team, including grad student Adam Boulanger. Working closely with this team, Ellsey helped to develop and fine-tune a head-mounted interface, tweaked to respond to his movements, that allows him to compose music and to conduct nuanced performances of his work. Hyperscore software helps Ellsey notate his musical ideas.

Ellsey's work has been performed at MIT, on the radio and at workshops around the Boston area. The Lowell Symphony Orchestra performed his piece "Our Musically" at a 2004 concert for residents of Tewksbury -- many of whom count Ellsey as a mentor in their own musical education.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Ellsey | Speaker | TED.com
TED2008

Tod Machover + Dan Ellsey: Inventing instruments that unlock new music

托德 馬克弗和丹 埃爾西演奏新音樂

Filmed:
578,384 views

(Click to translate into Chinese (Traditional))
- Composer, inventor
At MIT's Media Lab, Tod Machover creates boundary-breaking new music, often using new instruments and music technologies he has invented. Full bio - Musician
Dan Ellsey uses Hyperscore music software and a custom-tuned musical "hyperinstrument" to write, perform and conduct his music, and to help others learn how to compose. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
The first idea理念 I'd like to suggest建議 is that we all
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音樂,大家都非常熱愛它
00:20
love music音樂 a great deal合同. It means手段 a lot to us.
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因為它對於我們很重要。
00:23
But music音樂 is even more powerful強大 if you don't just listen to it, but you make it yourself你自己.
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假如你不只是作為一名聽眾,而且還能親自參與創作,那麼音樂會對你更具影響力
00:29
So, that's my first idea理念. And we all know about the Mozart莫扎特 effect影響 --
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所以,這是我要講的第一點。在最近5-10年裡頭
00:32
the idea理念 that's been around for the last five to 10 years年份 --
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有個著名的莫札特效應,
00:35
that just by listening to music音樂 or by playing播放 music音樂 to your baby寶寶 [in utero子宮],
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講的是只靠聽音樂,或者是給胎兒播放音樂,
00:39
that it'll它會 raise提高 our IQ智商 points 10, 20, 30 percent百分.
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就可以使我們的智商提高10%到30%,
00:43
Great idea理念, but it doesn't work at all.
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這真是個好主意,但是根本行不通。
00:46
So, you can't just listen to music音樂, you have to make it somehow不知何故.
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因為只是聽是不夠的,你還必須設法創作音樂。
00:49
And I'd add to that, that it's not just making製造 it,
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而且,我還要說,這不僅僅是這樣,
00:53
but everybody每個人, each of us, everybody每個人 in the world世界
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我們每一個人、世界上的所有的人,
00:55
has the power功率 to create創建 and be part部分 of music音樂 in a very dynamic動態 way,
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都具有能力去創作,並以動態的方式讓自己和音樂融為一體,
00:59
and that's one of the main主要 parts部分 of my work.
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這是我所從事的工作中非常重要的一部分。
01:01
So, with the MITMIT Media媒體 Lab實驗室, for quite相當 a while now,
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所以,這段時間裡,我和我的同事在美國麻省理工學院媒體實驗室(MIT Media Lab)裡,
01:03
we've我們已經 been engaged訂婚 in a field領域 called active活性 music音樂.
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致力於發展主動音樂。
01:05
What are all the possible可能 ways方法 that we can think of
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藉由任何我們可以想到的可行的途徑,
01:07
to get everybody每個人 in the middle中間 of a musical音樂 experience經驗,
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使得人人都可以融入音樂體驗,
01:10
not just listening, but making製造 music音樂?
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而且不只是聽音樂,還能創造音樂。
01:13
And we started開始 by making製造 instruments儀器 for some of the world's世界 greatest最大 performers表演者 --
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一開始,我們製造樂器給馬友友 Peter Gabriel,Prince等人,
01:16
we call these hyperinstrumentshyperinstruments -- for Yo-Yo悠悠球 Ma, Peter彼得 Gabriel加布里埃爾, Prince王子,
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而我們稱這些由管絃以及搖滾樂團製作的樂器為超級樂器(Hyper Instruments),
01:19
orchestras樂團, rock bands. Instruments儀器 where they're all kinds of sensors傳感器
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這種樂器具備多種感官感應器,
01:23
built內置 right into the instrument儀器, so the instrument儀器 knows知道 how it's being存在 played發揮.
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用來感知我們是如何演奏的。
01:26
And just by changing改變 the interpretation解釋 and the feeling感覺,
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所以,我只要稍微改變我的演奏方式以及情感
01:29
I can turn my cello大提琴 into a voice語音, or into a whole整個 orchestra樂隊,
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我可以把我的大提琴演奏聲轉變成和諧的人聲,一個樂團的協奏,
01:32
or into something that nobody沒有人 has ever heard聽說 before.
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或者是大家從未聽過的天籟之音。
01:35
When we started開始 making製造 these, I started開始 thinking思維, why can't we make
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當我們開始製作時,我開始思考
01:37
wonderful精彩 instruments儀器 like that for everybody每個人,
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為什麼我們不能創造出一個完美的樂器,使得平凡人
01:39
people who aren't fantastic奇妙 Yo-Yo悠悠球 Mas馬斯 or Princes王子?
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而不僅僅是馬友友或者Princes所演奏的?
01:43
So, we've我們已經 made製作 a whole整個 series系列 of instruments儀器.
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所以,我們製作的一整個系列的樂器。
01:45
One of the largest最大 collections集合 is called the Brain Opera歌劇.
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我們統稱它為「頭腦歌劇」。
01:48
It's a whole整個 orchestra樂隊 of about 100 instruments儀器,
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這整個管絃樂隊大概有100個樂器
01:50
all designed設計 for anybody任何人 to play using運用 natural自然 skill技能.
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都是以平常人的自然演奏方式去設計的。
01:53
So, you can play a video視頻 game遊戲, drive駕駛 through通過 a piece of music音樂,
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所以,你可以一邊玩遊戲,"駛"過一段音樂
01:56
use your body身體 gesture手勢 to control控制 huge巨大 masses群眾 of sound聲音,
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用你的肢體語言去控制大量的聲音
01:59
touch觸摸 a special特別 surface表面 to make melodies旋律, use your voice語音 to make a whole整個 aura光環.
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觸碰一個特別的介面去製造旋律,用你的聲音去製造整個氛圍。
02:04
And when we make the Brain Opera歌劇, we invite邀請 the public上市 to come in,
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當我們製作頭腦歌劇時,我們邀情一邊大眾加入
02:06
to try these instruments儀器 and then collaborate合作 with us
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去體驗這些樂器並且和我們合作,
02:09
to help make each performance性能 of the Brain Opera歌劇.
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舉辦了多場的頭腦歌劇。
02:10
We toured參觀 that for a long time. It is now permanently永久 in Vienna維也納,
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我們巡迴持續相當長的一段時間。現在,在音樂之都維也納,
02:13
where we built內置 a museum博物館 around it.
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我們還建造了一個永久性的博物館。
02:15
And that led to something which哪一個 you probably大概 do know.
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這些促使吉他英雄(Guitar Hero)的誕生,
02:18
Guitar吉他 Hero英雄 came來了 out of our lab實驗室,
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相信大多數的人都知道這些都源於我們的實驗室。
02:19
and my two teenage青少年 daughters女兒 and most of the students學生們 at the MITMIT Media媒體 Lab實驗室
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我從我兩個小女兒和大多數在MIT實驗室裡的學生身上,
02:22
are proof證明 that if you make the right kind of interface接口,
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得到證實。就是,只要你提供適當的交界面,
02:25
people are really interested有興趣 in being存在 in the middle中間 of a piece of music音樂,
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人們就會真正的融入音樂
02:29
and playing播放 it over and over and over again.
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而且對這樣的演奏方式樂此不疲。
02:32
So, the model模型 works作品, but it's only the tip小費 of the iceberg冰山,
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所以,這樣的模式是可行的,但這只是冰山一角,
02:35
because my second第二 idea理念 is that it's not enough足夠 just to want
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我的第二觀點是,
02:38
to make music音樂 in something like Guitar吉他 Hero英雄.
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僅用"吉他英雄"這類的東西來做音樂是不夠的。
02:41
And music音樂 is very fun開玩笑, but it's also transformative變革.
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音樂不僅非常有趣,而且也頗具變化性。
02:44
It's very, very important重要.
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這是非常非常重要的一點。
02:45
Music音樂 can change更改 your life, more than almost幾乎 anything.
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音樂可以改變你的人生,勝過任何其他東西。
02:48
It can change更改 the way you communicate通信 with others其他,
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它可以改變你和其他人溝通的方式,
02:50
it can change更改 your body身體, it can change更改 your mind心神. So, we're trying
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還能改變你的身心靈。所以我們嘗試突破
02:53
to go to the next下一個 step of how you build建立 on top最佳 of something like Guitar吉他 Hero英雄.
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也就是想在"吉他英雄"這類東西的基礎上做些什麼。
02:57
We are very involved參與 in education教育. We have a long-term長期 project項目
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我們深入到教育界,開展了一個長久的計畫
03:00
called Toy玩具 Symphony交響樂, where we make all kinds of instruments儀器 that are also addictive上癮,
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稱為「玩具交響樂」(Toy Symphony)。我們製作各式各樣好玩的樂器
03:04
but for little kids孩子, so the kids孩子 will fall秋季 in love with making製造 music音樂,
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但是是給小孩子的,期望他們會愛上演奏音樂,
03:08
want to spend their time doing it, and then will demand需求 to know how it works作品,
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想要在這方面投入時間,而且渴求學習樂理知識,
03:11
how to make more, how to create創建. So, we make squeezysqueezy instruments儀器,
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以及如何演奏,如何創造音樂。所以我們製做一個可捏的樂器,
03:14
like these Music音樂 Shapers塑造者 that measure測量 the electricity電力 in your fingers手指,
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比如說這個可以測量你指尖的電流的音樂塑型機(Music Shapers)
03:18
BeatbugsBeatbugs that let you tap龍頭 in rhythms節奏 -- they gather收集 your rhythm韻律,
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又如這個敲擊節奏的節拍蟲子(Beat Bugs),你可以用他們來蒐集節奏,
03:21
and like hot potato土豆, you send發送 your rhythm韻律 to your friends朋友,
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傳遞這個節奏就像是傳送熱洋芋給你的朋友,
03:23
who then have to imitate模擬 or respond響應 to what your doing --
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他們需要模仿你,或者對你的動作做出回應
03:26
and a software軟件 package called HyperscoreHyperscore, which哪一個 lets讓我們 anybody任何人 use lines and color顏色
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再來就是製造一個稱為"超級樂譜"(Hyperscore)的軟件。可以讓大家用線條以及顏色
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to make quite相當 sophisticated複雜的 music音樂. Extremely非常 easy簡單 to use, but once一旦 you use it,
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去創造一個複雜的音樂。其操作容易,一旦你上了手
03:34
you can go quite相當 deep -- music音樂 in any style樣式. And then, by pressing緊迫 a button按鍵,
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你可以應付任何曲風的音樂。最後只要按下按鈕,
03:38
it turns into music音樂 notation符號 so that live生活 musicians音樂家 can play your pieces.
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這些音樂就會自動轉換成樂譜,以便音樂家來演奏你創作的樂曲。
03:44
We've我們已經 had good enough足夠, really, very powerful強大 effects效果 with kids孩子
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這個軟件,在全世界各地的孩子以及不同年齡層的人身上,
03:47
around the world世界, and now people of all ages年齡, using運用 HyperscoreHyperscore.
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都得到了非常良好、顯著的效果。
03:50
So, we've我們已經 gotten得到 more and more interested有興趣 in using運用 these kinds of creative創作的 activities活動
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所以,我們樂於將這類的創意
03:54
in a much broader更廣泛 context上下文, for all kinds of people
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加入到更廣泛的人群之中,
03:56
who don't usually平時 have the opportunity機會 to make music音樂.
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讓那些沒有機會進行音樂創作的人也能積極參與。
03:59
So, one of the growing生長 fields領域 that we're working加工 on
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其中,我們的實驗室正在著手一個領域
04:00
at the Media媒體 Lab實驗室 right now is music音樂, mind心神 and health健康.
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叫做音樂、心靈、健康。
04:03
A lot of you have probably大概 seen看到 Oliver奧利弗 Sacks'薩克斯“ wonderful精彩 new book called
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相信很多人都讀過奧利佛 薩克斯(Oliver Sacks')的新書
04:06
"MusicophiliaMusicophilia". It's on sale拍賣 in the bookstore書店. It's a great book.
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《腦袋裝了兩千部歌劇的人》,這是一本正在熱賣的好書。
04:10
If you haven't沒有 seen看到 it, it's worth價值 reading. He's a pianist鋼琴家 himself他自己,
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如果你還沒看過,那我推薦你讀一讀。書的作者是一個鋼琴家,
04:12
and he details細節 his whole整個 career事業 of looking at and observing觀察
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他在書中詳細地記錄了自己職業生涯中所觀察到的事實,
04:16
incredibly令人難以置信 powerful強大 effects效果 that music音樂 has had on peoples'人們' lives生活 in unusual異常 situations情況.
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那就是音樂在非常狀態下的人身上(殘疾 /重症病人),所能發生的不可思議的效應。
04:21
So we know, for instance, that music音樂 is almost幾乎 always the last thing
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正如大家所知道的那樣,
04:24
that people with advanced高級 Alzheimer's老年癡呆症 can still respond響應 to.
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音樂是老年癡呆症病患晚期能做出回應的最後一件事情。
04:28
Maybe many許多 of you have noticed注意到 this with loved喜愛 ones那些,
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也許不少人在摯愛身上發現這點,
04:30
you can find somebody who can't recognize認識 their face面對 in the mirror鏡子,
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他們無法在鏡子中認出自己、分辨自己的家人,
04:32
or can't tell anyone任何人 in their family家庭, but you can still find a shard碎片 of music音樂
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但你仍然能找到一段音樂,
04:35
that that person will jump out of the chair椅子 and start開始 singing唱歌. And with that
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讓他們從病床上驚醒,並且輕聲唱和。正是藉由這種方式,
04:39
you can bring帶來 back parts部分 of people's人們 memories回憶 and personalities個性.
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你可以喚回一些他們的記憶以及自我意識。
04:41
Music音樂 is the best最好 way to restore恢復 speech言語 to people who have lost丟失 it through通過 strokes,
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對於中風所導致的失語症,以及帕金森氏症所導致的運動功能喪失,
04:45
movement運動 to people with Parkinson's帕金森氏 disease疾病.
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音樂是最好的治療方法。
04:47
It's very powerful強大 for depression蕭條, schizophrenia精神分裂症, many許多, many許多 things.
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它對抑鬱症、精神分裂症以及其他許許多多的病症都頗具療效。
04:51
So, we're working加工 on understanding理解 those underlying底層 principles原則
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所以我們正在探索其背後的原理,
04:53
and then building建造 activities活動 which哪一個 will let music音樂 really improve提高 people's人們 health健康.
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並展開一系列的活動,用音樂來改善人類的健康。
04:57
And we do this in many許多 ways方法. We work with many許多 different不同 hospitals醫院.
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我們採取了很多方式,和各類醫院有著合作。
05:00
One of them is right near Boston波士頓, called Tewksbury圖克斯伯里 Hospital醫院.
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其中有一家就是離美國波士頓不遠的圖斯伯里醫院。
05:03
It's a long-term長期 state hospital醫院, where several一些 years年份 ago
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這是一家歷史悠久的州立醫院。許多年前,
05:05
we started開始 working加工 with HyperscoreHyperscore and patients耐心 with physical物理 and mental心理 disabilities殘疾人.
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我們在那裡就開始將“超級樂譜” (Hyperscore) 介紹給生理和精神殘疾病人。
05:09
This has become成為 a central中央 part部分 of the treatment治療 at Tewksbury圖克斯伯里 hospital醫院,
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這已成為圖斯伯里醫院核心治療項目,
05:13
so everybody每個人 there clamors喧嘩 to work on musical音樂 activities活動.
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每個接受治療的人都要求參與音樂活動。
05:17
It's the activity活動 that seems似乎 to accelerate加速 people's人們 treatment治療 the most
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這一活動似乎大大加速了治療的過程,
05:21
and it also brings帶來 the entire整個 hospital醫院 together一起 as a kind of musical音樂 community社區.
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在某種程度上也把醫院變成音樂社區。
05:25
I wanted to show顯示 you a quick video視頻 of some of this work before I go on.
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繼續下一個話題之前,我想先給大家看些以上內容的相關短片。
06:10
Video視頻: They're manipulating操縱 each other's其他 rhythms節奏.
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(這些玩具交響樂的)參與者在操控音樂節奏。
06:12
It's a real真實 experience經驗, not only to learn學習 how to play and listen to rhythms節奏,
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通過親身體驗,孩子們不但學會了怎樣演奏和聽節奏,
06:16
but to train培養 your musical音樂 memory記憶 and playing播放 music音樂 in a group.
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而且鍛煉了音樂記憶,練習了合奏。
06:21
To get their hands on music音樂, to shape形狀 it themselves他們自己, change更改 it,
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他們“拿”著音樂,捏一捏,
06:25
to experiment實驗 with it, to make their own擁有 music音樂.
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改變和體驗它,並創作自己的音樂。
06:27
So HyperscoreHyperscore lets讓我們 you start開始 from scratch very quickly很快.
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“超級樂譜”從塗塗畫畫開始,很便捷。
06:38
Everybody每個人 can experience經驗 music音樂 in a profound深刻 way,
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每個人都可以深刻地體驗音樂,
06:40
we just have to make different不同 tools工具.
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我們所必須做的就是創造各種各樣的工具(來幫助大家)。
06:59
The third第三 idea理念 I want to share分享 with you is that music音樂, paradoxically自相矛盾,
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第三點想法是:我覺得音樂,異乎尋常地,
07:05
I think even more than words, is one of the very best最好 ways方法 we have
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是比語言更好的展示自我的方式。
07:08
of showing展示 who we really are. I love giving talks會談, although雖然
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我也喜歡做演講,
07:12
strangely奇怪 I feel more nervous緊張 giving talks會談 than playing播放 music音樂.
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但是奇怪的是,我在演講時,比演奏音樂感覺要更緊張些。
07:14
If I were here playing播放 cello大提琴, or playing播放 on a synth合成器, or sharing分享 my music音樂 with you,
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當在演奏大提琴,控制電子音響合成器,或者和你們共同分享我的音樂時,
07:17
I'd be able能夠 to show顯示 things about myself that I can't tell you in words,
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我就能展現無法用語言描述的一面,
07:22
more personal個人 things, perhaps也許 deeper更深 things.
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更多的是個人的東西,也許更深層的東西。
07:25
I think that's true真正 for many許多 of us, and I want to give you two examples例子
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對於我們中許多人來講,我想的確是這樣。我想舉兩個例子,
07:28
of how music音樂 is one of the most powerful強大 interfaces接口 we have,
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來說明音樂是我們與外界交流的
07:31
from ourselves我們自己 to the outside world世界.
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最有效的媒介之一。
07:33
The first is a really crazy project項目 that we're building建造 right now, called
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首先是我們現在正在進行的一個非常瘋狂的項目,名字叫作“死亡和鮑威爾一家”(Death and Powers)。
07:37
Death死亡 and the Powers鮑爾斯. And it's a big opera歌劇,
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它是一部大型歌劇,
07:39
one of the larger opera歌劇 projects項目 going on in the world世界 right now.
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是目前全球在運作中的大型歌劇項目之一。
07:43
And it's about a man, rich豐富, successful成功, powerful強大, who wants to live生活 forever永遠.
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它是關於一位富有、成功、有權勢並期望永生的人的歌劇。
07:48
So, he figures人物 out a way to download下載 himself他自己 into his environment環境,
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他找到了把自己下載到他所建立的環境中
07:50
actually其實 into a series系列 of books圖書.
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事實上是把自己放在一系列的書籍中。
07:53
So this guy wants to live生活 forever永遠, he downloads下載 himself他自己 into his environment環境.
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於是,他想長生不老,就把自己放進了系統中。
07:56
The main主要 singer歌手 disappears消失 at the beginning開始 of the opera歌劇
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主唱在歌劇開始後便消失了,
08:00
and the entire整個 stage階段 becomes the main主要 character字符. It becomes his legacy遺產.
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整個舞台變成了主角,變成了他的遺贈。
08:04
And the opera歌劇 is about what we can share分享, what we can pass通過 on to others其他,
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這部歌劇講的是,我們能和所愛的人分享些什麼,向他們傳承些什麼,
08:07
to the people we love, and what we can't.
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又有什麼是我們辦不到​​的。
08:09
Every一切 object目的 in the opera歌劇 comes alive and is a gigantic巨大 music音樂 instrument儀器,
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歌劇中的所有道具都是活的、巨型的樂器。
08:13
like this chandelier吊燈. It takes up the whole整個 stage階段. It looks容貌 like a chandelier吊燈,
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譬如,佔據舞台很大部份的一盞“吊燈。”它看上去像個吊燈,
08:16
but it's actually其實 a robotic機器人 music音樂 instrument儀器.
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但同時又是一件機器人樂器。
08:18
So, as you can see in this prototype原型, gigantic巨大 piano鋼琴 strings字符串,
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正如你在這裡的樣機上所看到的,長長的鋼琴弦,
08:22
each string is controlled受控 with a little robotic機器人 element元件 --
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每根都被小型機器人部件所控制。
08:25
either little bows that stroke行程 the strings字符串, propellers螺旋槳 that tickle癢癢 the strings字符串,
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這裡有小​​巧的琴弓來撥動,驅動器來撩撥,
08:30
acoustic signals信號 that vibrate顫動 the strings字符串. We also have an army軍隊 of robots機器人 on stage階段.
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聲學信號來震動琴弦。在舞台上,還會出現一大群機器人。
08:35
These robots機器人 are the kind of the intermediary中介 between之間 the main主要 character字符, Simon西蒙 Powers鮑爾斯,
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這些機器人是主角西蒙 鮑威爾(Simon Powers)和家人之間交流的一種媒介。
08:39
and his family家庭. There are a whole整個 series系列 of them, kind of like a Greek希臘語 chorus合唱.
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他們為數眾多,有如古希臘歌劇中的合唱團。
08:43
They observe the action行動. We've我們已經 designed設計 these square廣場 robots機器人 that we're testing測試 right now
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他們觀察舞台上的一舉一動。我們在實驗室裡設計和測試了這些立方形的
08:48
at MITMIT called OperaBotsOperaBots. These OperaBotsOperaBots follow跟隨 my music音樂.
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“歌劇機器人”(Operabots)。它們能隨歌舞動,
08:51
They follow跟隨 the characters人物. They're smart聰明 enough足夠, we hope希望,
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還會跟隨舞台人物。它們很聰明,
08:54
not to bump磕碰 into each other. They go off on their own擁有.
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我們也希望他們能互相規避(以避免碰撞)。它們自主行動;
08:57
And then they can also, when you snap, line up exactly究竟 the way you'd like to.
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如果你打個指響,他們也會如你所願,排成整齊的一行。
09:03
Even though雖然 they're cubes立方體, they actually其實 have a lot of personality個性.
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別看它們是一個個方盒子,卻擁有許多人格化的內涵。
09:12
The largest最大 set piece in the opera歌劇 is called The System系統. It's a series系列 of books圖書.
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歌劇中最大的道具就是所謂“系統”。它是一系列“圖書”。
09:16
Every一切 single book is robotic機器人, so they all move移動, they all make sound聲音,
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每一部書都是一個機器人,都能運動,都能發聲。
09:20
and when you put them all together一起, they turn into these walls牆壁,
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放在一起,它們構成了一道道投影牆,
09:24
which哪一個 have the gesture手勢 and the personality個性 of Simon西蒙 Powers鮑爾斯. So he's disappeared消失,
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展現出西蒙 鮑威爾(Simon Powers)的動作和性格。歌劇的主人公雖然消失在舞台上,
09:29
but the whole整個 physical物理 environment環境 becomes this person.
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卻存在於環境之中。
09:32
This is how he's chosen選擇 to represent代表 himself他自己.
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這是他選擇的,代表自己的辦法。
09:35
The books圖書 also have high-packed高包裝 LEDs發光二極管 on the spines. So it's all display顯示.
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這些書的書脊上集成了LED的光源,作為顯示平面。
09:42
And here's這裡的 the great baritone男中音 James詹姆士 Maddalena馬達萊娜 as he enters進入 The System系統.
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這位是男中音詹姆士 馬達萊納(),他正在進入系統。
09:46
This is a sneak潛行 preview預習.
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這是預告片。
10:11
This premieres首映式 in Monaco摩納哥 -- it's in September九月 2009. If by any chance機會 you can't make it,
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首映將於 2009年10月在摩洛哥舉行。如果你不能前往觀看,
10:16
another另一個 idea理念 with this project項目 -- here's這裡的 this guy building建造 his legacy遺產
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那麼還有一個辦法。
10:19
through通過 this very unusual異常 form形成, through通過 music音樂 and through通過 the environment環境.
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西蒙用一種非同尋常的方法,即通過音樂和環境,來建立他的遺贈。
10:23
But we're also making製造 this available可得到 both online線上 and in public上市 spaces空間,
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我們將把系統放在網絡和公共場所,
10:27
as a way of each of us to use music音樂 and images圖片 from our lives生活
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以便人人都能用音樂和生活中的影像
10:31
to make our own擁有 legacy遺產 or to make a legacy遺產 of someone有人 we love.
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來製作我們或者我們摯愛的人的遺贈。
10:34
So instead代替 of being存在 grand盛大 opera歌劇, this opera歌劇 will turn into what we're
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這不再是一部單純的大歌劇,它將把我們現在所想的,
10:37
thinking思維 of as personal個人 opera歌劇.
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變成一部個性化歌劇。
10:39
And, if you're going to make a personal個人 opera歌劇, what about a personal個人 instrument儀器?
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要做個性化歌劇,怎麼能沒有個性化的樂器呢?
10:41
Everything I've shown顯示 you so far -- whether是否 it's a hyper-cello超大提琴 for Yo-Yo悠悠球 Ma
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我到目前為止所展示的這些,比如給馬友友的超級大提琴,
10:44
or squeezysqueezy toy玩具 for a child兒童 -- the instruments儀器 stayed the same相同 and are valuable有價值
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又或者是給孩子們捏音樂的玩具,這些樂器都是一成不變的,
10:49
for a certain某些 class of person: a virtuoso演奏家, a child兒童.
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或為藝術家,或為小朋友,它僅僅針對某一類人有著實用價值。
10:52
But what if I could make an instrument儀器 that could be adapted適應
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試想一下,如果我再製作一種樂器,能夠適應我的個人行為,
10:55
to the way I personally親自 behave表現, to the way my hands work,
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按照手指彈奏方式,根據我熟悉的,甚至不熟悉的技法
10:59
to what I do very skillfully, perhaps也許, to what I don't do so skillfully?
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來自我調整,情況又會如何呢?
11:02
I think that this is the future未來 of interface接口, it's the future未來 of music音樂, the future未來 of instruments儀器.
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我以為這就是交互界面,音樂和樂器的未來趨勢。
11:07
And I'd like now to invite邀請 two very special特別 people on the stage階段,
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為了現場演示個性化樂器,
11:10
so that I can give you an example of what personal個人 instruments儀器 might威力 be like.
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我想邀請兩位嘉賓到台上。
11:16
So, can you give a hand to Adam亞當 Boulanger布朗熱, Ph博士.D. student學生 from
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掌聲有請,亞當 布朗傑(Adam Boulanger),麻省理工媒體實驗室的博士生
11:21
the MITMIT Media媒體 Lab實驗室, and Dan EllseyEllsey. Dan,
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和丹 埃爾西(Dan Ellsey)。
11:28
thanks謝謝 to TEDTED and to Bombardier龐巴迪 FlexjetFlexjet, Dan is here with us today今天
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感謝泰德,感謝龐巴迪 佛里士傑(Bombardier Flexjet)
11:35
all the way from Tewksbury圖克斯伯里. He's a resident居民 at Tewksbury圖克斯伯里 Hospital醫院.
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丹今天從圖斯伯里遠道而來,他在那裡住院。
11:39
This is by far the farthest最遠 he's strayed迷路 from Tewksbury圖克斯伯里 Hospital醫院, I can tell you that,
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我要告訴大家:這是迄今為止,他離開醫院外出旅行距離最遠的一次。
11:43
because he's motivated動機 to meet遇到 with you today今天 and show顯示 you his own擁有 music音樂.
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他是因為要和大家見面並分享自已的音樂,才特地來這裡的。
11:48
So, first of all, Dan, do you want to say hi to everyone大家 and tell everyone大家 who you are?
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首先,丹,先自我介紹一下,好嗎?
11:57
Dan EllseyEllsey: Hello你好. My name名稱 is Dan EllseyEllsey. I am 34 years年份 old and I have cerebral顱內 palsy麻痺.
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丹•埃爾西(以下簡稱丹):你們好,我叫丹•埃爾西。我34歲,是一名腦癱患者。
12:05
I have always loved喜愛 music音樂 and I am excited興奮 to be able能夠 to conduct進行
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我一直都很熱愛音樂,能用這樣的新軟件來指揮我的樂曲,
12:11
my own擁有 music音樂 with this new software軟件.
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我感到非常激動。
12:15
Tod MachoverMachover: And we're really excited興奮 to have you here, really Dan. (Applause掌聲)
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托德•麥克弗(以下簡稱托德):你能來這裡,我們真的也很激動。(掌聲)
12:26
So we met會見 Dan about three years年份 ago, three and a half years年份 ago,
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我們和丹大約在三年半前相識,
12:29
when we started開始 working加工 at Tewksbury圖克斯伯里. Everybody每個人 we met會見 there was fantastic奇妙,
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那時我們剛開始和圖斯伯里醫院合作。那裡我們遇到的每一個人都妙極了,
12:34
did fantastic奇妙 music音樂. Dan had never made製作 music音樂 before, and it turned轉身 out
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能作出美妙的曲子。丹此前從來沒有作曲,但出乎意料的是,
12:39
he was really fantastic奇妙 at it. He's a born天生 composer作曲家.
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他擅長於這種方式。他天生就是個作曲家。
12:46
He's very shy害羞, too.
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他也很害羞。
12:49
So, turned轉身 out he's a fantastic奇妙 composer作曲家, and over the last few少數 years年份 has been
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嗯,他是一個非常棒的作曲家。從那以後,
12:53
a constant不變 collaborator合作者 of ours我們的. He has made製作 many許多, many許多 pieces.
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我們就成了固定合作者。丹作了許多許多曲子,
12:56
He makes品牌 his own擁有 CDs光盤. Actually其實, he is quite相當 well known已知 in the Boston波士頓 area --
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發行了自己的光碟唱片。其實在波士頓地區,他知名度很高,
12:59
mentors導師 people at the hospital醫院 and children孩子, locally本地, in how to make their own擁有 music音樂.
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還教授醫院的人們和當地的孩子如何創作音樂。
13:03
And I'll let Adam亞當 tell you. So, Adam亞當 is a Ph博士.D. student學生 at MITMIT, an expert專家 in music音樂
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下面請亞當來講,他是麻省理工學院的博士生,
13:08
technology技術 and medicine醫學. And Adam亞當 and Dan have become成為 close collaborators合作者.
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他是音樂技術和醫藥方面的專家,和丹有著密切的合作。
13:13
What Adam's亞當 been working加工 on for this last period is not only how to have Dan
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亞當所做的不但使丹能夠
13:17
be able能夠 easily容易 to make his own擁有 pieces,
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輕輕鬆鬆作曲,
13:20
but how he can perform演出 his piece using運用 this kind of personal個人 instrument儀器.
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而且使他能用個性化樂器來演奏自己的作品。
13:23
So, you want to say a little bit about how you guys work?
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所以,談談你們是怎麼做的吧?
13:25
Adam亞當 Boulanger布朗熱: Yes. So, Tod and I entered進入 into a discussion討論
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亞當•布朗傑(以下簡稱亞當):好。圖斯伯里醫院的項目源自
13:28
following以下 the Tewksbury圖克斯伯里 work and it was really about how Dan is an expressive表現的
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我和托德的一次討論,那時我們談到丹是個非常有表現欲,
13:32
person, and he's an intelligent智能 and creative創作的 person. And it's in his face面對,
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聰明而且有創造力的人。你可以從
13:37
it's in his breathing呼吸, it's in his eyes眼睛. How come he can't perform演出
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他的一舉一動裡看出來。但是為什麼他就不能演奏一段屬於自己樂曲呢?
13:40
one of his pieces of music音樂? That's our responsibility責任, and it doesn't make sense.
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沒有理由說這不可以呀!同樣,這也是我們的責任。
13:44
So we started開始 developing發展 a technology技術 that will allow允許 him with nuance細微差別,
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於是我們開始著手研發一種技術,
13:47
with precision精確, with control控制, and despite儘管 his physical物理 disability失能, to be able能夠 to do that,
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讓他用微小的動作和精準的操控,來演奏自己的作品,
13:52
to be able能夠 to perform演出 his piece of music音樂.
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並且不需要在意自己肢體上的不便。
13:55
So, the process處理 and the technology技術 --
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接著,談到流程和技術,
13:57
basically基本上, first we needed需要 an engineering工程 solution. So, you know,
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簡言之,首先需要一個工程之道。你看,
14:00
we have a FireWire火線 camera相機, it looked看著 at an infrared紅外線 pointer指針.
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我們放置了一台1394火線接口的攝像頭來追踪紅外指針。
14:03
We went with the type類型 of gesture手勢 metaphor隱喻 that Dan was already已經 used to
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我們利用了丹在言語控制中使用的肢體語言
14:07
with his speaking請講 controller調節器.
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和表意系統。
14:11
And this was actually其實 the least最小 interesting有趣 part部分 of the work, you know,
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設計流程是“不太”有趣的一部份。
14:14
the design設計 process處理. We needed需要 an input輸入; we needed需要 continuous連續 tracking追踪;
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我們需要一些輸入,持續的跟踪
14:17
in the software軟件, we look at the types類型 of shapes形狀 he's making製造.
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以及軟件來監測他做出的不同形狀。
14:20
But, then was the really interesting有趣 aspect方面 of the work, following以下 the engineering工程 part部分,
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解決了工程問題,隨後便是工作中真正有趣的部分了。
14:24
where, basically基本上, we're coding編碼 over Dan's shoulder at the hospital醫院
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簡單的講吧,我們在醫院現場編程,和丹密切合作,
14:27
extensively廣泛 to figure數字 out, you know, how does Dan move移動?
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理解他是如何動作,
14:30
What's useful有用 to him as an expressive表現的 motion運動?
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哪些具有表現力的動作是他覺得有用的。
14:32
You know, what's his metaphor隱喻 for performance性能?
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再如,他用什麼手法來演奏?
14:35
What types類型 of things does he find
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哪些是他覺得重要,
14:37
important重要 to control控制 and convey傳達 in a piece of music音樂?
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並可以用於控制和傳達音樂的東西?
14:39
So all the parameter參數 fitting配件, and really the technology技術
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可以說,所有的參數,所有的技術,
14:43
was stretched拉伸 at that point to fit適合 just Dan.
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都是為丹量身定做的。
14:46
And, you know, I think this is a perspective透視 shift轉移. It's not that our technologies技術 --
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嗯,我覺得,這也是未來的趨勢。
14:52
they provide提供 access訪問, they allow允許 us to create創建 pieces of creative創作的 work.
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並非是技術本身打開了創新之門。
14:56
But what about expression表達? What about that moment時刻 when an artist藝術家 delivers提供
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是表達麼?是藝術家創作作品的那一刻嗎?
14:59
that piece of work? You know, do our technologies技術 allow允許 us to express表現?
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我們的技術有給大家表述的機會麼?
15:03
Do they provide提供 structure結構體 for us to do that? And, you know, that's a personal個人 relationship關係
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他們有提供這樣的構架嗎?其實,是人與人之間的聯繫
15:07
to expression表達 that is lacking不足 in the technological技術性 sphere領域. So, you know,
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產生了表達,而這恰是技術本身所不能的。
15:11
with Dan, we needed需要 a new design設計 process處理, a new engineering工程 process處理
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於是,我們需要新的設計流程和工程流程,
15:14
to sort分類 of discover發現 his movement運動 and his path路徑 to expression表達 that allow允許 him to perform演出.
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來了解丹的動作以及表達方式,使他能更容易的表演,
15:19
And so that's what we'll do today今天.
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這便是今天我們所要做的。
15:21
TMTM值: So let's do it. So Dan do you want to tell everyone大家
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托德:我們開始吧,丹,要告訴大家
15:23
about what you're going to play now?
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你將要演奏什麼嗎?
15:31
DEDE: This is "My Eagle Song歌曲."
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丹:我的“鷹之頌”。
15:35
TMTM值: So Dan is going to play a piece of his, called "My Eagle Song歌曲".
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托德:丹將演奏他的樂曲“鷹之頌”。
15:38
In fact事實, this is the score得分了 for Dan's piece,
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這是他的樂譜,
15:40
completely全然 composed by Dan in HyperscoreHyperscore.
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完全由他用“超級樂譜”完成的。
15:43
So he can use his infrared紅外線 tracker跟踪器 to go directly into HyperscoreHyperscore.
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他用紅外追踪器來操作軟件。
15:48
He's incredibly令人難以置信 fast快速 at it, too, faster更快 than I am, in fact事實.
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他用起軟件來,出乎意料的快,事實上,比我還快呢。
15:51
(Laughter笑聲)
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丹:(笑聲)... ...(似乎想說些什麼)
15:55
TMTM值: He's really modest謙虛, too.
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托德:他太謙虛了,哈哈。
15:58
So he can go in HyperscoreHyperscore. You start開始 out by making製造 melodies旋律 and rhythms節奏.
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他使​​用了軟件,從樂音和旋律開始,
16:04
He can place地點 those exactly究竟 where he wants.
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他可以把它們放置在自己想要的地方。
16:06
Each one gets得到 a color顏色. He goes back into the composition組成 window窗口,
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每個元素都有​​色彩,回到編曲窗口,
16:09
draws the lines, places地方 everything the way he wants to. Looking at the HyperscoreHyperscore,
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畫線,把這些東西放到他所想要的位置。
16:14
you can see it also, you can see where the sections部分 are,
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看著“超級樂譜”
16:17
something might威力 continue繼續 for a while, change更改, get really crazy and then end結束
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你可以觀察到音樂的
16:22
up with a big bang at the end結束.
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起承轉合。
16:25
So that's the way he made製作 his piece, and as Adam亞當 says,
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這就是他作曲的方法。正如亞當所說的,
16:28
we then figured想通 out the best最好 way to have him perform演出 his piece.
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我們找到了讓他演奏的最好的辦法。
16:35
It's going to be looked看著 at by this camera相機, analyze分析 his movements運動,
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攝像頭會監控丹,分析他的動作,
16:38
it's going to let Dan bring帶來 out all the different不同 aspects方面 of his music音樂 that he wants to.
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讓他隨心所欲地展示他音樂的各種層面。
16:42
And you're also going to notice注意 a visual視覺 on the screen屏幕.
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你還會看到銀屏上的視覺特效。
16:45
We asked one of our students學生們 to look at what the camera相機 is measuring測量.
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我的一位學生負責視覺採樣。
16:51
But instead代替 of making製造 it very literal文字, showing展示 you exactly究竟
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其實這裡並非是原封不動地顯示相機跟踪的物體,
16:54
the camera相機 tracing追踪, we turned轉身 it into a graphic圖像 that shows節目 you the basic基本
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我們把採集的數據轉化成了影像,
16:59
movement運動, and shows節目 the way it's being存在 analyzed分析.
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以便顯示基本的運動和分析的方法。
17:03
I think it gives an understanding理解 of how we're picking選擇 out movement運動 from what
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我覺得這些影像有助於大家理解我們是如何提取丹的動作。
17:07
Dan's doing, but I think it will also show顯示 you, if you look at that movement運動,
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如果觀察他表演時的舉動,
17:11
that when Dan makes品牌 music音樂, his motions運動 are very purposeful有目的的, very precise精確,
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銀幕上的影像還能展現丹的動作目的明確、精準、
17:18
very disciplined紀律 and they're also very beautiful美麗.
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有專業素養,並且很優美。
17:21
So, in hearing聽力 this piece, as I mentioned提到 before, the most important重要 thing is
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正如我先前提到的,在聽他的作品時,
17:26
the music's音樂的 great, and it'll它會 show顯示 you who Dan is.
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重點是音樂棒極了,它會告訴你一個真正的丹。
17:29
So, are we ready準備 Adam亞當?
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亞當,準備好了嗎?
17:31
ABAB: Yeah.
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亞當:好啦。
17:33
TMTM值: OK, now Dan will play his piece "My Eagle Song歌曲" for you.
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托德:好,有請丹為大家表演他的作品“鷹之頌”。
20:01
(Applause掌聲)
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(持續熱烈的掌聲)
20:25
TMTM值: Bravo布拉沃.
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托德:太棒了。
20:27
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by 家偉 廖
Reviewed by Nova Upinel Altesse

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Tod Machover - Composer, inventor
At MIT's Media Lab, Tod Machover creates boundary-breaking new music, often using new instruments and music technologies he has invented.

Why you should listen

Tod Machover is head of the MIT Media Lab's Hyperinstruments/Opera of the Future group. He has composed five operas and helped to develop many groundbeaking musical technologies -- including Hyperinstruments, a technology that augments musical expression for both virtuosi (from Yo-Yo Ma to Prince) and amateurs, and Hyperscore, software that allows anyone to create sophisticated, original music by using lines and colors. Many of Machover's principles about "active participation" in music are exemplified in Guitar Hero, which grew out of his lab.

Among his current projects is a new opera, Death and the Powers, complete with a musical chandelier, animatronic walls, and an army of robots. Death and the Powers premieres in Monaco in September 2009.

A recent focus of Machover's group has been on Music, Mind and Health, which marshals the power of music to promote well-being. Working with long-term patients at facilities such as Tewksbury Hospital, north of Boston, the group's goal is to develop personal musical activities that adapt to the particular skills and needs of each individual. In this way, the path to health becomes as rewarding as learning an instrument, composing a symphony, or premiering at Carnegie Hall.

More profile about the speaker
Tod Machover | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ellsey - Musician
Dan Ellsey uses Hyperscore music software and a custom-tuned musical "hyperinstrument" to write, perform and conduct his music, and to help others learn how to compose.

Why you should listen

A resident of Tewksbury Hospital in Massachusetts, Dan Ellsey has cerebral palsy and does not walk or speak. He does, however, write and play his own music, and mentor others, through a groundbreaking music system developed by MIT's Tod Machover and his team, including grad student Adam Boulanger. Working closely with this team, Ellsey helped to develop and fine-tune a head-mounted interface, tweaked to respond to his movements, that allows him to compose music and to conduct nuanced performances of his work. Hyperscore software helps Ellsey notate his musical ideas.

Ellsey's work has been performed at MIT, on the radio and at workshops around the Boston area. The Lowell Symphony Orchestra performed his piece "Our Musically" at a 2004 concert for residents of Tewksbury -- many of whom count Ellsey as a mentor in their own musical education.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Ellsey | Speaker | TED.com