ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Smith - Cancer fighter
Motivated by his wife's bout with cancer, IBM's Joshua Smith applies his engineering expertise to early diagnosis.

Why you should listen

As a research scientist and technical team lead for IBM's Nanobiotechnology Program, Dr. Joshua Smith researches innovative healthcare technologies at the intersection of engineering and biology to better understand disease progression.

Smith's team recently developed a chip-based solution that can rapidly isolate biomarkers as small as 20 nanometers to help identify cancer development even before symptoms occur. He is a sought-after speaker on the subject of lab-on-a-chip applications for healthcare and his work has been highlighted by Forbes, CNN Money, IEEE Spectrum and Pharma Technology Focus, among other media outlets. As a Research Staff Member and IBM Master Inventor, Smith has co-authored more than a dozen peer-reviewed scientific publications and is a co-inventor of more than 30 issued patents.

Currently, Smith is focusing on the development of a suite of core capabilities to manipulate, separate and detect individual macromolecules, providing a technological backbone for automation in sample preparation, diagnostics and therapeutics. When not with his colleagues in the lab, Smith enjoys teaching tomorrow's researchers and engineers at Columbia University. 


More profile about the speaker
Joshua Smith | Speaker | TED.com
TED@IBM

Joshua Smith: New nanotech to detect cancer early

約書亞·史密斯: 嶄新的早期癌症檢測奈米科技

Filmed:
1,060,909 views

倘若家家戶戶都有早期預警癌症的系統會如何呢?約書亞·史密斯研發一種奈米生技的癌症警報系統,能夠自動快篩「胞外染色體」這些生物標記。他在這個前瞻的演講裡分享革新的癌症偵測法,最終能挽救許多性命。
- Cancer fighter
Motivated by his wife's bout with cancer, IBM's Joshua Smith applies his engineering expertise to early diagnosis. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
"You have cancer癌症."
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「你得了癌症。」
00:20
Sadly可悲的是, about 40 percent百分 of us will hear
those three words within our lifetime一生,
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很不幸,約有 40% 的人
會在活著時聽到這幾個字,
00:25
and half will not survive生存.
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其中半數終將不治。
00:28
This means手段 that two out of five
of your closest最近的 friends朋友 and relatives親戚們
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意味著我們每五個親友當中
00:32
will be diagnosed確診
with some form形成 of cancer癌症,
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有兩個會被診斷出罹患某種癌症,
00:35
and one will die.
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而一個會病故。
00:39
Beyond the physical物理 hardships艱辛,
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除了身心受苦,
00:40
roughly大致 one-third三分之一
of cancer癌症 survivors倖存者 here in the US
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大約三分之一的美國癌症倖存者
00:43
will go into debt債務 from treatment治療.
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會因為醫療而負債累累;
00:45
And they're at least最小 two and a half times
more likely容易 to declare宣布 bankruptcy破產
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他們破產的機率
至少是未罹癌者的 2.5 倍。
00:49
than those without cancer癌症.
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00:51
This disease疾病 is pervasive無處不在.
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癌症無所不在,
00:54
It's emotionally感情上 draining排水
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它損耗人的情感,
00:55
and, for many許多,
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使許多人
00:56
financially經濟 destructive有害.
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散盡家財。
00:59
But a cancer癌症 diagnosis診斷
doesn't have to be a death死亡 sentence句子.
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但是被診斷出罹癌不等於被宣判死刑。
01:03
Finding查找 cancer癌症 early,
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及早發現
01:05
closer接近 its genesis創世紀,
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和貼近找出它的成因,
01:07
is one of the critical危急 factors因素
to improving提高 treatment治療 options選項,
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對於提高存活率、
01:10
reducing減少 its emotional情緒化 impact碰撞
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減低情緒影響,
01:12
and minimizing減少 financial金融 burdens負擔.
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和降低財務負擔至關重要。
01:15
Most importantly重要的,
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最關鍵的是要儘早發現癌症,
01:16
finding發現 cancer癌症 early --
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01:18
which哪一個 is one of the primary
aims目標 of my research研究 --
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這也是我主要的研究目標之一,
01:21
greatly非常 enhances提高 your odds可能性 of survival生存.
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能夠大大提高存活率。
01:24
If we just look at the case案件
of breast乳房 cancer癌症 for example,
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舉乳癌為例,
01:26
we find that those who are diagnosed確診
and treated治療 at stage階段 one
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在第一期就診斷且治療的患者
01:30
have a five-year五年 survival生存 rate
of nearly幾乎 100 percent百分 --
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五年的存活率幾近百分之百,
01:34
odds可能性 that decrease減少 to just 22 percent百分
if treated治療 at stage階段 four.
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如果到第四期才治療就只剩 22%。
01:40
And similar類似 trends趨勢 are found發現
for colorectal and ovarian卵巢 cancer癌症.
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大腸直腸癌和卵巢癌的情況類似。
01:46
Now, we're all aware知道的
that an early diagnosis診斷 that is accurate準確
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大家都知道,早期的準確診斷
01:51
is critical危急 for survival生存.
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是存活與否的關鍵。
01:55
The problem問題 is that many許多
cancer癌症 diagnostic診斷 tools工具 are invasive侵入的,
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問題是很多癌症篩檢具有侵入性,
01:59
costly昂貴,
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價格昂貴,
02:00
often經常 inaccurate不準確
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常常不準確,
02:01
and they can take an agonizing折騰
amount of time to get the results結果 back.
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並且等待結果既焦慮又曠日費時。
02:06
Still worse更差, when it comes
to some forms形式 of cancer癌症,
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更糟的是若干癌症,
02:08
such這樣 as ovarian卵巢,
liver or pancreatic cancer癌症,
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例如卵巢癌、肝癌、胰臟癌,
02:13
good screening篩查 methods方法 simply只是 don't exist存在,
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根本沒有好的檢驗方式,
02:16
meaning含義 that often經常 people wait
until直到 physical物理 symptoms症狀 surface表面,
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意味著等到出現症狀時
02:20
which哪一個 are themselves他們自己 already已經
indicators指標 of late-stage後期 progression級數.
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已經到了癌症擴散的晚期。
02:25
Like a tornado龍捲風 strike罷工 in an area
without an early warning警告 system系統,
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就好像在沒有龍捲風預警的地區
02:29
there is no alarm報警 to warn警告,
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沒有警報,
02:31
for the danger危險 is already已經 at your doorstep門階
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一旦龍捲風到了家門口,
02:34
when your odds可能性 of survival生存
are greatly非常 reduced減少.
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存活的機會就大大減少了。
02:39
Having the convenience方便 and accessibility無障礙
of regular定期 screening篩查 options選項
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方便、易取得、
02:43
that are affordable實惠, noninvasive無創
and could provide提供 results結果 much sooner,
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便宜、非侵入性
和快篩的定期檢驗方式
02:49
would provide提供 us with a formidable強大
weapon武器 in the fight鬥爭 against反對 cancer癌症.
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將會是我們對抗癌症的強大利器。
02:54
An early warning警告 would allow允許 us
to get out ahead of the disease疾病
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及早發現讓我們能搶得治療先機,
02:57
instead代替 of merely僅僅
following以下 in its relentless wake喚醒.
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而非只苦追在它殘酷無情的腳步後面。
03:00
And this is exactly究竟 what I've been doing.
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這正是我的工作。
03:02
For the past過去 three years年份,
I've been developing發展 technologies技術
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過去三年來,
我一直在研發能夠幫助臨床醫生
03:05
that could ultimately最終 aid援助 clinicians臨床醫生
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03:07
with rapid快速, early-stage早期
cancer癌症 diagnostics診斷.
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快速、早期診斷癌症的科技。
03:10
And I've been fueled燃料
by a deep scientific科學 curiosity好奇心,
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強烈的科學好奇心與熱情
推動我要改變那些癌症的統計數據。
03:14
and a passion to change更改 these statistics統計.
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03:18
Last year however然而,
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去年
03:20
this fight鬥爭 became成為 much more personal個人
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我的妻子被診斷出罹患乳癌,
使這努力成了與自身息息相關的戰鬥,
03:24
when my wife妻子 was diagnosed確診
with breast乳房 cancer癌症.
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03:27
It was an experience經驗 that added添加 a strong強大
and unexpected意外 emotional情緒化 dimension尺寸
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參雜了我始料未及的情感層面。
03:32
to these efforts努力.
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我親身體驗到
03:35
I know firsthand第一手 how life-altering改變生活
treatment治療 can be,
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治療對生活所造成的巨大衝擊,
十分清楚它帶來的精神浩劫,
03:39
and I'm keenly敏銳地 aware知道的
of the emotional情緒化 havoc浩劫
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03:42
that cancer癌症 can wreak發洩 on a family家庭,
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癌症可能會毀滅我們的家庭,
03:44
which哪一個 in our case案件
included包括 our two young年輕 daughters女兒.
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包括我們兩個年幼的女兒。
經由定期乳房攝影檢查及早發現,
03:48
Because we found發現 it early
during a routine常規 mammogram乳房X光檢查,
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我們得以專注治療仍限於局部的腫瘤,
03:51
we were able能夠 to focus焦點
primarily主要 on treatment治療 options選項
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03:55
for the localized本地化 tumor,
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03:56
reaffirming重申 to me
how important重要 an early diagnosis診斷 is.
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使得我再次確認早期診斷極其重要。
04:02
Unlike不像 other forms形式 of cancer癌症,
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不同於其他的癌症,
乳房攝影檢查能有效偵測早期乳癌。
04:05
mammograms乳房X光檢查 do offer提供 an early-stage早期
screening篩查 option選項 for breast乳房 cancer癌症.
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儘管如此,仍有人沒定期做檢查,
04:09
Still, not everyone大家 has this doneDONE,
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04:11
or they may可能 develop發展 breast乳房 cancer癌症
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也有人未達建議該接受乳房攝影
檢查的年齡之前就已罹患乳癌。
04:12
before the middle中間 age年齡 recommendation建議
for having a mammogram乳房X光檢查.
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因此,即便已有篩檢方式的癌症
仍有很大的改善空間。
04:17
So, there's still
a lot of room房間 for improvement起色,
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04:19
even for cancers癌症
that do have screening篩查 options選項,
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04:22
and, of course課程, considerable大量 benefits好處
for those that don't.
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而那些尚未有篩檢法的癌症
更將會大大受益。
04:25
A key challenge挑戰 then
for cancer癌症 researchers研究人員
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癌症研究者的關鍵挑戰在於
04:28
is to develop發展 methods方法
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開發出一種用於定期體檢,
04:29
that make regular定期 screening篩查
for many許多 types類型 of cancers癌症
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能夠更容易查出多種癌症的方法。
04:33
much more accessible無障礙.
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04:35
Imagine想像 a scenario腳本
where during your regular定期 checkup檢查,
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想像這情境:
醫生在定期體檢時能採取
簡單、非侵入性的尿液樣本
04:39
your doctor醫生 can take
a simple簡單, noninvasive無創 urine尿 sample樣品,
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或是其他的液狀活檢體,
04:42
or other liquid液體 biopsy活檢,
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04:44
and present當下 you with the results結果
before you even leave離開 the doctor's醫生 office辦公室.
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在你離開診所之前就告訴你結果。
這樣的科技能夠大量減少
04:48
Such這樣 a technology技術 could
dramatically顯著 reduce減少 the number of people
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早期癌症篩檢所漏掉的人數。
04:52
who slip through通過 the net
of an early-stage早期 cancer癌症 diagnosis診斷.
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我的工程與生化研究團隊面對這挑戰,
04:56
My research研究 team球隊
of engineers工程師 and biochemists生物化學家
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04:59
is working加工 on exactly究竟 this challenge挑戰.
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正試圖找出一種能在人們仍健康時
05:02
We're working加工 on ways方法 to frequently經常
activate啟用 an early-stage早期 cancer癌症 alarm報警
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就會觸發應該去做定期體檢的警示,
05:07
by enabling啟用 regular定期 screenings放映
that would start開始 when a person is healthy健康
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05:11
so that action行動 could be taken採取
to stop cancer癌症 the moment時刻 it emerges出現,
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一旦出現癌症徵兆,馬上採取行動,
不讓它有機會擴展到中、後期。
05:16
and before it can progress進展
beyond its infancy嬰兒期.
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此處的殺手鐧被稱為「胞外染色體」,
05:20
The silver bullet子彈 in this case案件
are tiny vesicles囊泡,
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05:23
little escape逃逸 pods regularly經常 shed
by cells細胞 called exosomes外來體.
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是細胞經常脫落的小小逃生艙。
05:28
Exosomes are important重要 biomarkers生物標記物
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胞外染色體
是能在癌症早期預警的重要生物標記。
05:31
that provide提供 an early-warning預先警告 system系統
for the development發展 of cancer癌症.
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這些標記大量而廣泛存在體液裡,
05:35
And because they're abundantly豐富地 present當下
in just about every一切 bodily身體 fluid流體,
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05:39
including包含 blood血液, urine尿 and saliva唾液,
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包括血液、尿液和唾液中,
05:41
they're extremely非常 attractive有吸引力
for noninvasive無創 liquid液體 biopsies活檢.
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不具侵入性,極具液體活檢的優勢。
05:47
There's just one problem問題.
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但這裡仍然有個問題,
05:48
An automated自動化 system系統 for rapidly急速 sorting排序
these important重要 biomarkers生物標記物
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能夠自動快篩這些生物標記的機制
05:52
is not currently目前 available可得到.
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目前並不存在。
05:55
We've我們已經 created創建 a technology技術
that we call nano-DLD納米
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我們建立了稱作「奈米 DLD」的科技
05:59
that is capable of precisely恰恰 this:
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能夠精準做到
06:01
automated自動化 exosome外來體 isolation隔離
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自動分離出胞外染色體
06:04
to aid援助 rapid快速 cancer癌症 diagnostics診斷.
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以快速癌症篩檢。
06:08
Exosomes are the newest最新
early-warning預先警告 weapon武器, if you will,
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胞外染色體是出現在液體活檢陣線的
06:11
to emerge出現 on the liquid液體 biopsy活檢 front面前.
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最新早期預警利器。
06:13
And they're really, really small.
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它們非常微小,
06:16
They measure測量 just 30 to 150
nanometers納米 in diameter直徑.
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直徑僅有 30 到 150 奈米,
06:20
This is so tiny
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小到
06:21
that you could fit適合 about a million百萬
of them into a single red blood血液 cell細胞.
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一粒紅血球的體積裡能裝下一百萬個,
06:25
That's roughly大致 the difference區別
between之間 a golf高爾夫球 ball
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比例相當於一顆高爾夫球
06:28
and a fine grain糧食 piece of sand.
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對應於一粒沙子。
06:30
Once一旦 thought to be little bins垃圾箱
for unwanted不需要 cellular細胞的 waste浪費,
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它雖曾被認為是細胞廢物的垃圾桶,
06:34
it has been found發現
that cells細胞 actually其實 communicate通信
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後來卻發現,事實上細胞經由
06:37
by producing生產 and absorbing吸收 these exosomes外來體
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產生和吸收胞外染色體來互相溝通,
06:40
which哪一個 contain包含 surface表面 receptors受體,
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因為它們具有表面接收器、蛋白質
06:43
proteins蛋白質 and other genetic遺傳 material材料
collected from their cell細胞 of origin起源.
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以及母細胞所給予的基因。
06:48
When absorbed吸收 by a neighboring鄰接 cell細胞,
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一旦被臨近的細胞所吸收,
06:51
exosomes外來體 release發布 their contents內容
into the receiving接收 cell細胞,
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胞外染色體就會釋放內含的物質,
06:55
and can set in motion運動
fundamental基本的 changes變化 in gene基因 expression表達 --
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大幅改變接收細胞的基因表現。
06:58
some good,
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有些是好的改變;
06:59
and this is where cancer癌症 comes in,
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但在癌症的情況下
07:01
some bad.
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則是不好的改變。
07:02
Because they are clothed豐衣足食
in the material材料 of the mother母親 cell細胞,
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因為它們被母細胞的物質包覆著,
07:06
and contain包含 a sample樣品 of its environment環境,
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裡頭含有環境的樣本,
07:08
they provide提供 a genetic遺傳 snapshot快照
of that cell's細胞 health健康 and its origin起源.
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可以提供來源細胞的健康情況。
07:15
All of these qualities氣質
make exosomes外來體 invaluable無價 messengers使者
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胞外染色體具有這些無價的特質
07:18
that potentially可能 allow允許 physicians醫師
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使得醫生能從細胞層面
07:20
to eavesdrop竊聽 on your health健康
at the cellular細胞的 level水平.
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監測你的健康水平。
07:24
To catch抓住 cancer癌症 early, however然而,
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但想要儘早發現癌症
07:25
you have to frequently經常
intercept截距 these messages消息
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就必須頻繁截取這些訊息,
07:28
to determine確定 when cancer-causing致癌
troublemakers鬧事 within your body身體
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看體內潛伏的鬧事份子
07:32
decide決定 to start開始 staging分期 a coup政變,
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是不是要滋事了。
07:34
which哪一個 is why regular定期
screening篩查 is so critical危急
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這就是為什麼定期檢查非常重要,
07:37
and why we're developing發展
technologies技術 to make this possible可能.
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以及我們為什麼要發展這科技。
07:41
While the first exosome-based外來體為主 diagnostics診斷
emerged出現 on the market市場 just this year,
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儘管今年市場上出現了
首宗胞外染色體檢驗機制,
07:46
they are not yet然而 part部分
of mainstream主流 healthcare衛生保健 options選項.
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它們還不是主流的篩檢選項。
07:51
In addition加成 to their recent最近 emergence緊急情況,
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除了上市的時間很短,
07:53
another另一個 factor因子 that's limiting限制
their widespread廣泛 adoption採用
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另一個影響普及的因素
07:56
is that currently目前, no automated自動化
exosome外來體 isolation隔離 system系統 exists存在
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是目前尚無法自動分離出胞外染色體,
08:00
to make regular定期 screening篩查
economically經濟 accessible無障礙.
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所以用於定期體檢仍不夠便宜。
08:04
The current當前 gold standard標準
for exosome外來體 isolation隔離
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當下隔絕胞外染色體的標準做法,
08:07
includes包括 ultracentrifugation超速,
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包括超速離心法,
08:09
a process處理 requiring要求
expensive昂貴 laboratory實驗室 equipment設備,
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必須使用昂貴的實驗器材,
08:12
a trained熟練 lab實驗室 tech高科技
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由專業培訓過的技師操作,
08:14
and about 30 hours小時 of time
to process處理 a sample樣品.
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耗費三十小時來處理一份樣本。
我們想出另一種方法,
08:18
We've我們已經 come up with a different不同 approach途徑
for achieving實現 automated自動化 exosome外來體 isolation隔離
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從尿液之類的液體樣本
自動分離出胞外染色體。
08:23
from a sample樣品 such這樣 as urine尿.
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08:25
We use a chip-based基於芯片的, continuous連續 flow
separation分割 technique技術
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我們用基於晶片的持續流動分離技術,
08:29
called deterministic確定性 lateral displacement移位.
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這方法稱為「確定性側向位移」。
08:32
And we have doneDONE with it
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藉由過去五十年來半導體產業
08:34
what the semiconductor半導體 industry行業 has doneDONE
so successfully順利 for the past過去 50 years年份.
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非常成功的晶片微縮技術,
08:38
We shrunk壓縮 the dimensions尺寸
of this technology技術
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我們把這技術
08:40
from the micron微米 scale規模
to the true真正 nanoscale納米級.
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從微米縮小到了真正的奈米等級。
08:44
So how does it work?
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原理是什麼呢?
08:46
In a nutshell簡而言之,
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簡單來說,
08:47
a set of tiny pillars支柱
separated分離 by nanoscopic納米級 gaps空白
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把許多有奈米級間隙的細小柱子
排成能讓液體細細分流的形式,
08:51
are arranged安排 in such這樣 a way
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08:52
that the system系統 divides分歧
the fluid流體 into streamlines流線,
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08:55
with the larger cancer-related癌症相關
nanoparticles納米粒子 being存在 separated分離
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較大的癌症奈米粒子會改道,
08:59
through通過 a process處理 of redirection重定向
from the smaller, healthier健康 ones那些,
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與較小的健康粒子分流;
09:03
which哪一個 can in contrast對比
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另一方面,
體積較小的健康粒子
會沿著之字形的方向移動。
09:04
move移動 around the pillars支柱
in a zigzag-type鋸齒型 motion運動
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09:07
in the direction方向 of fluid流體 flow.
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09:10
The net result結果 is a complete完成 separation分割
of these two particle粒子 populations人群.
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結果大小兩種粒子被完全分開了。
09:15
You can visualize想像 this separation分割 process處理
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可以把分離的過程
觀想成用有高度限制的穿山隧道
09:19
similar類似 to traffic交通 on a highway高速公路
that separates中隔離 into two roads道路,
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把車流一分為二:
09:23
with one road going into
a low-clearance低通關 tunnel隧道 under a mountain,
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一條進隧道,另一條繞山而過。
09:26
and the other road going around it.
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09:28
Here, smaller cars汽車
can go through通過 the tunnel隧道
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像這樣,小車可以進入隧道,
09:31
while larger trucks卡車,
carrying攜帶 potentially可能 hazardous危險 material材料,
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而載有危險物品的大卡車
09:34
are forced被迫 to take the detour車輛改道 route路線.
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只能繞路。
09:37
Traffic交通 is effectively有效 separated分離
by size尺寸 and contents內容
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由車輛的大小和載物的種類引導,
09:41
without impeding阻礙 its flow.
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不會阻礙車流。
09:43
And this is exactly究竟 how our system系統 works作品
on a much, much smaller scale規模.
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我們建置的工作原理相同,
只是規模遠小得多。
09:49
The idea理念 here is that
the separation分割 process處理 for screening篩查
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用分離篩檢的理念來分析
簡易取得的尿液、血液或唾液樣本,
09:53
could be as simple簡單 as processing處理
a sample樣品 of urine尿, blood血液 or saliva唾液,
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09:57
which哪一個 is a near-term短期 possibility可能性
within the next下一個 few少數 years年份.
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近幾年內就可實行。
10:00
Ultimately最終,, it could be used
to isolate隔離 and detect檢測 target目標 exosomes外來體
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最終,這方法能分離和偵測出
10:06
associated相關 with
a particular特定 type類型 of cancer癌症,
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與特定癌症相關的胞外染色體,
10:09
sensing傳感 and reporting報告
their presence存在 within minutes分鐘.
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而且自偵測至結果僅需數分鐘,
10:12
This would make rapid快速 diagnostics診斷
virtually實質上 painless無痛人流.
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使得篩檢的過程快速且無痛。
10:16
Broadly廣泛 speaking請講,
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廣泛說,
10:18
the ability能力 to separate分離
and enrich豐富 biomarkers生物標記物
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有了奈米級精準的自動化分離機制
10:20
with nanoscale納米級 precision精確
in an automated自動化 way,
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與濃縮的生物標記,
10:24
opens打開 the door to better understanding理解
diseases疾病 such這樣 as cancer癌症,
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使我們更能了解癌症等疾病;
10:27
with applications應用 ranging不等
from sample樣品 preparation製備 to diagnostics診斷,
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它的應用廣泛,從準備樣品、診斷,
10:31
and from drug藥物 resistance抵抗性
monitoring監控 to therapeutics療法.
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至觀察抗藥性和治療都能做。
10:35
Even before my wife's妻子 bout回合 with cancer癌症,
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即使在我的妻子罹癌之前,
10:37
it was a dream夢想 of mine to facilitate促進
the automation自動化 of this process處理 --
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我​​已經夢想要自動化檢驗的過程,
10:41
to make regular定期 screening篩查 more accessible無障礙,
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要使定期檢查更容易,
10:44
similar類似 to the way Henry亨利 Ford
made製作 the automobile汽車 accessible無障礙
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就像亨利·福特自動化汽車的生產線,
10:47
to the general一般 population人口
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使得普羅大眾買得起汽車那樣。
10:49
through通過 development發展 of the assembly部件 line.
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10:51
Automation自動化 is the key to accessibility無障礙.
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自動化是普及的關鍵。
10:56
And in the spirit精神 of the Hoover胡佛 dream夢想,
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就像胡佛選總統的逐夢精神口號:
10:58
"a chicken in every一切 pot
and a car汽車 in every一切 garage車庫,"
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「每只鍋裡有雞肉,每間車庫有輛車。」
11:01
we're developing發展 a technology技術
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我們開發這技術
11:02
that could ultimately最終 place地點
an early-warning預先警告 cancer癌症 detection發現 system系統
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為的是把早期的癌症預警系統
最終普及於每個家庭。
11:06
in every一切 home.
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11:08
This would allow允許
every一切 man, woman女人 and child兒童
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讓每個男人、女人和小孩
11:10
the opportunity機會 to be regularly經常 tested測試
while they're still healthy健康,
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都能夠在仍然健康時就定期做檢查,
11:14
catching cancer癌症 when it first emerges出現.
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在初發的早期就偵測到癌症。
11:17
It is my hope希望 and dream夢想
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我希望,我夢想
11:18
to help people around the world世界
avoid避免 the high costs成本 --
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要幫助世人
避掉癌症患者所面對的昂貴開銷,
11:22
physical物理, financial金融 and emotional情緒化 --
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免去身體、財務和精神層面的艱辛,
11:25
faced面對 by today's今天的 cancer癌症 patients耐心,
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11:27
hardships艱辛 that I'm well acquainted熟悉 with.
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那是我再熟悉也不過的艱辛。
11:31
I'm also happy快樂 to report報告 that because
we caught抓住 my wife's妻子 cancer癌症 early,
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我也開心地告訴大家,
由於發現得早,
我的妻子治癌成功,
11:35
her treatment治療 was successful成功,
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11:37
and she is now, thankfully感激地, cancer-free癌症免費.
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謝天謝地,現在她已肅清癌細胞。
11:39
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
11:48
It is an outcome結果 that I would like to see
for everyone大家 with a cancer癌症 diagnosis診斷.
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我希望每位罹癌者都能被治癒。
11:53
With the work that my team球隊
has already已經 doneDONE
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我團隊開發的奈米生物標記分離法
11:55
on separation分割 of nanoscale納米級 biomarkers生物標記物
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能快速、早期偵測出癌症。
11:58
for rapid快速, early-stage早期 cancer癌症 diagnostics診斷,
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12:01
I am optimistic樂觀
that within the next下一個 decade,
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我樂觀看待在未來十年內,
12:03
this type類型 of technology技術 will be available可得到,
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這技術會被用來
12:06
helping幫助 protect保護 our friends朋友,
our family家庭 and future未來 generations.
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保護我們的朋友、家人和子孫後代。
12:10
Even if we are so unlucky不幸的
as to be diagnosed確診 with cancer癌症,
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即便我們不幸被診斷出癌症,
12:14
that early-stage早期 alarm報警
will provide提供 a strong強大 beacon烽火 of hope希望.
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早期警示將會提供更大的治癒希望。
12:18
Thank you.
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謝謝大家。
12:19
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Helen Chang
Reviewed by S Sung

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joshua Smith - Cancer fighter
Motivated by his wife's bout with cancer, IBM's Joshua Smith applies his engineering expertise to early diagnosis.

Why you should listen

As a research scientist and technical team lead for IBM's Nanobiotechnology Program, Dr. Joshua Smith researches innovative healthcare technologies at the intersection of engineering and biology to better understand disease progression.

Smith's team recently developed a chip-based solution that can rapidly isolate biomarkers as small as 20 nanometers to help identify cancer development even before symptoms occur. He is a sought-after speaker on the subject of lab-on-a-chip applications for healthcare and his work has been highlighted by Forbes, CNN Money, IEEE Spectrum and Pharma Technology Focus, among other media outlets. As a Research Staff Member and IBM Master Inventor, Smith has co-authored more than a dozen peer-reviewed scientific publications and is a co-inventor of more than 30 issued patents.

Currently, Smith is focusing on the development of a suite of core capabilities to manipulate, separate and detect individual macromolecules, providing a technological backbone for automation in sample preparation, diagnostics and therapeutics. When not with his colleagues in the lab, Smith enjoys teaching tomorrow's researchers and engineers at Columbia University. 


More profile about the speaker
Joshua Smith | Speaker | TED.com