We the Future
Alasdair Harris: How a handful of fishing villages sparked a marine conservation revolution
阿拉斯達爾‧哈里斯: 幾個漁村如何引發海洋保育革命
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我們需要激進的新方法來保育海洋，海洋生物學家及 TED 研究會員哈里斯如是說。他在這場充滿願景的演講中，鋪陳了一個令人驚訝的方法，來解決過度捕撈的問題。這個方法不但能恢復海洋的生命，還能重建地方漁業——只要減少對海洋的撈取。他說：「只要我們設計對了，海洋保育所帶來的好處就能遠遠超過保護自然。」
Alasdair Harris - Ocean conservationist, entrepreneur
TED Fellow Alasdair Harris is a social entrepreneur and ocean conservationist working at the interface of marine protection and poverty alleviation. Full bio
TED Fellow Alasdair Harris is a social entrepreneur and ocean conservationist working at the interface of marine protection and poverty alleviation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm a marine biologist
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我是海洋生物學家，
00:14
here to talk to you
about the crisis in our oceans,
about the crisis in our oceans,
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在此跟大家談談我們的海洋危機，
00:17
but this time perhaps not
with a message you've heard before,
with a message you've heard before,
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不過這次或許不要再提
大家已經聽過的訊息，
大家已經聽過的訊息，
00:21
because I want to tell you
that if the survival of the oceans
that if the survival of the oceans
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因為我想跟大家說如果海洋的生存
00:25
depended only on people like me,
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只能依靠像我這樣的人，
00:28
scientists trading in publications,
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只會在科學期刊裡談兵的科學家，
00:32
we'd be in even worse trouble than we are.
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我們會面臨比現在更大的麻煩。
00:34
Because, as a scientist,
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因為，身為科學家，
我所學到最重要的事情就是，
00:36
the most important things
that I've learned
that I've learned
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00:39
about keeping our oceans
healthy and productive
healthy and productive
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要讓我們海洋保持健康、豐饒
不能靠學界，
00:42
have come not from academia,
but from fishermen and women
but from fishermen and women
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而是要靠住在地球上
極為貧窮國家的漁夫漁婦。
極為貧窮國家的漁夫漁婦。
00:46
living in some of the poorest
countries on earth.
countries on earth.
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00:49
I've learned that as a conservationist,
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我學到身為保育專家，
00:51
the most important question is not,
"How do we keep people out?"
"How do we keep people out?"
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最重要的問題不是
「怎麼讓人進不來？」
「怎麼讓人進不來？」
00:55
but rather, "How do we make sure
that coastal people throughout the world
that coastal people throughout the world
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而是「要怎麼確保全球的沿岸居民
01:00
have enough to eat?"
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有足夠的食物吃？」
01:03
Our oceans are every bit as critical
to our own survival
to our own survival
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我們的海洋對我們的生存，其緊要程度
01:06
as our atmosphere,
our forests or our soils.
our forests or our soils.
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一點也不輸給我們的
大氣、森林或土壤。
大氣、森林或土壤。
01:09
Their staggering productivity
ranks fisheries with farming
ranks fisheries with farming
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它驚人的生產力使漁民與農民
01:13
as a mainstay of food production
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並列為人類糧食生產的支柱。
01:15
for humanity.
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01:17
Yet something's gone badly wrong.
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然而有件事相當不對勁。
01:19
We're accelerating
into an extinction emergency,
into an extinction emergency,
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我們加速朝向滅絕緊急狀態，
01:22
one that my field has so far
failed abysmally to tackle.
failed abysmally to tackle.
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到目前為止，我的領域
仍無法解決這件事。
仍無法解決這件事。
01:28
At its core is a very human
and humanitarian crisis.
and humanitarian crisis.
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它的核心是個非常人性
和人道主義的危機。
和人道主義的危機。
01:33
The most devastating blow
we've so far dealt our oceans
we've so far dealt our oceans
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到目前為止，我們對海洋
最具破壞性的打擊
最具破壞性的打擊
01:36
is through overfishing.
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就是過度捕撈。
01:38
Every year, we fish harder,
deeper, further afield.
deeper, further afield.
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每年我們都到更難、更深、
更遠的漁場捕魚。
更遠的漁場捕魚。
01:41
Every year, we chase ever fewer fish.
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年復一年，我們捕到的魚愈來愈少。
01:44
Yet the crisis of overfishing
is a great paradox:
is a great paradox:
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然而過度捕撈危機是個巨大的謬論：
01:48
unnecessary, avoidable
and entirely reversible,
and entirely reversible,
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不必要、可避免、完全可逆，
01:52
because fisheries are one of the most
productive resources on the planet.
productive resources on the planet.
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因為漁業是地球上
數一數二的生產資源。
數一數二的生產資源。
01:57
With the right strategies,
we can reverse overfishing.
we can reverse overfishing.
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我們只要使用適當的策略，
就能逆轉過度捕撈。
就能逆轉過度捕撈。
02:01
That we've not yet done so is, to my mind,
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然而我們還沒有做到那一點。
所以在我心裡，
這是人類最大的失敗。
這是人類最大的失敗。
02:04
one of humanity's greatest failures.
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02:07
Nowhere is this failure more apparent
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最能顯現這個失敗的地方，
02:10
than in the warm waters
on either side of our equator.
on either side of our equator.
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莫過於赤道兩邊的溫暖水域。
02:14
Our tropics are home to most
of the species in our ocean,
of the species in our ocean,
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我們的熱帶地區
是海洋內最多物種的家，
是海洋內最多物種的家，
02:18
most of the people whose existence
depends on our seas.
depends on our seas.
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大多數人要靠這片海洋生存。
02:22
We call these coastal fishermen and women
"small-scale fishers,"
"small-scale fishers,"
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我們稱這裡的沿岸漁民為
「小規模漁民，」
「小規模漁民，」
02:26
but "small-scale" is a misnomer
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但是「小規模」其實是誤稱，
02:28
for a fleet comprising over 90 percent
of the world's fishermen and women.
of the world's fishermen and women.
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因為這批人佔了
全球漁民的百分之九十。
全球漁民的百分之九十。
02:34
Their fishing is generally
more selective and sustainable
more selective and sustainable
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他們的捕魚法更具選擇性、更永續，
02:37
than the indiscriminate destruction
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有別於其他大型商業漁船
無差別性的破壞。
無差別性的破壞。
02:40
too often wrought
by bigger industrial boats.
by bigger industrial boats.
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02:43
These coastal people have the most
to gain from conservation
to gain from conservation
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這些海岸居民是保育的最大受益人，
02:46
because, for many of them,
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因為，對他們來說，
02:48
fishing is all that keeps them
from poverty, hunger or forced migration,
from poverty, hunger or forced migration,
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捕魚就是生存的全部，
讓他們脫離貧窮、飢餓或強迫遷徙，
讓他們脫離貧窮、飢餓或強迫遷徙，
02:53
in countries where the state
is often unable to help.
is often unable to help.
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因為他們的國家常常對此無能為力。
02:57
We know that the outlook is grim:
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我們知道前景堪憂：
02:59
stocks collapsing
on the front lines of climate change,
on the front lines of climate change,
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在氣候變遷的前線，漁獲資源崩盤，
03:03
warming seas, dying reefs,
catastrophic storms,
catastrophic storms,
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暖化的海洋、垂死的珊瑚礁、
災難型的風暴、
災難型的風暴、
03:06
trawlers, factory fleets,
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拖網船、漁業加工船，
03:09
rapacious ships from richer countries
taking more than their share.
taking more than their share.
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來自富裕國家的貪婪船隻
強取了更多的資源。
強取了更多的資源。
03:13
Extreme vulnerability is the new normal.
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極度脆弱成了新常態。
03:17
I first landed on the island
of Madagascar two decades ago,
of Madagascar two decades ago,
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二十年前我第一次登上
馬達加斯加島，
馬達加斯加島，
03:21
on a mission to document
its marine natural history.
its marine natural history.
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是為了紀錄當地的海洋自然歷史。
03:24
I was mesmerized
by the coral reefs I explored,
by the coral reefs I explored,
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我被所探索的珊瑚礁深深迷住，
03:28
and certain I knew how to protect them,
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而且我知道要如何保護牠們，
03:30
because science provided all the answers:
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因為科學已經提供了所有的答案：
03:32
close areas of the reef permanently.
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永久關閉珊瑚礁區域。
03:35
Coastal fishers
simply needed to fish less.
simply needed to fish less.
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沿海漁民就是要少捕點魚。
03:38
I approached elders here
in the village of Andavadoaka
in the village of Andavadoaka
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我去找安達瓦多卡村的長老，
03:42
and recommended that they close off
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並建議他們關閉最健康、
最多樣化的珊瑚礁漁場，
最多樣化的珊瑚礁漁場，
03:44
the healthiest and most diverse
coral reefs to all forms of fishing
coral reefs to all forms of fishing
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不准任何型式的捕魚活動，
03:47
to form a refuge to help stocks recover
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形成保護區，幫助魚群復育，
03:50
because, as the science tells us,
after five or so years,
after five or so years,
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因為，科學告訴我們，
只要大約五年，
只要大約五年，
03:55
fish populations inside those refuges
would be much bigger,
would be much bigger,
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這些保護區內的魚量就會增加，
03:58
replenishing the fished areas outside,
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補充外面的漁場，
04:01
making everybody better off.
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讓每個人都過得更好。
04:03
That conversation didn't go so well.
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那場對談並不順利。
04:06
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:07
Three-quarters of Madagascar's
27 million people
27 million people
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馬達加斯加二千七百萬人口，
其中四分之三
其中四分之三
04:11
live on less than two dollars a day.
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每天僅靠不到兩塊錢維生。
04:13
My earnest appeal to fish less
took no account
took no account
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我懇求少捕點魚，根本沒有考慮到
04:16
of what that might actually mean
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對靠捕魚生存的人來說
這到底意味著什麼。
這到底意味著什麼。
04:18
for people who depend
on fishing for survival.
on fishing for survival.
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04:20
It was just another squeeze from outside,
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這只不過是外界來的另一次壓榨，
04:23
a restriction rather than a solution.
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一項限制，而非解方。
04:26
What does protecting a long list
of Latin species names mean to Resaxx,
of Latin species names mean to Resaxx,
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要保護一長串的拉丁名魚種，
對瑞莎克這位住在
安達瓦多卡的婦女來說——
安達瓦多卡的婦女來說——
04:30
a woman from Andavadoaka
who fishes every day
who fishes every day
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04:32
to put food on the table
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她每天捕魚以養家活口，
04:34
and send her grandchildren to school?
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並送孫子去上學——意味著什麼？
04:37
That initial rejection taught me
that conservation is, at its core,
that conservation is, at its core,
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那次初步的拒絕讓我學到
保育的核心是一段深入聆聽的旅程，
04:43
a journey in listening deeply,
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04:46
to understand the pressures
and realities that communities face
and realities that communities face
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要去了解社區對自然的依賴
所面臨的壓力及現實。
所面臨的壓力及現實。
04:50
through their dependence on nature.
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04:52
This idea became
the founding principle for my work
the founding principle for my work
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這個想法變成了
我的工作的基本原則，
我的工作的基本原則，
04:55
and grew into an organization
that brought a new approach
that brought a new approach
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並發展成一個組織，
為海洋保育帶來新方法，
04:58
to ocean conservation
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05:00
by working to rebuild fisheries
with coastal communities.
with coastal communities.
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要跟沿岸社區合作重建漁業。
05:05
Then, as now, the work
started by listening,
started by listening,
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然後，像現在一樣，
這項工作從聆聽開始，
這項工作從聆聽開始，
05:08
and what we learned astonished us.
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我們學到的讓我們驚訝。
05:11
Back in the dry south of Madagascar,
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回到馬達加斯加乾燥的南邊，
05:13
we learned that one species
was immensely important for villagers:
was immensely important for villagers:
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我們學到某種物種對村民極為重要：
05:16
this remarkable octopus.
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這種了不起的章魚。
05:18
We learned that soaring demand
was depleting an economic lifeline.
was depleting an economic lifeline.
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我們學到飆升的需求
正在耗盡這條經濟命脈。
正在耗盡這條經濟命脈。
05:23
But we also learned that this animal
grows astonishingly fast,
grows astonishingly fast,
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但是我們同時學習到
這種動物生長非常快速，
這種動物生長非常快速，
05:27
doubling in weight
every one or two months.
every one or two months.
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體重每一兩個月就增加一倍。
05:30
We reasoned that protecting
just a small area of fishing ground
just a small area of fishing ground
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我們認為只要保護一小塊漁場，
05:33
for just a few months
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只要幾個月，
05:35
might lead to dramatic
increases in catches,
increases in catches,
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就可能大幅增加捕獲量，
05:38
enough to make a difference
to this community's bottom line
to this community's bottom line
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足以對這個社區的財務有所幫助，
05:42
in a time frame that might
just be acceptable.
just be acceptable.
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而且應該就在
剛剛好可接受的時間範圍內。
剛剛好可接受的時間範圍內。
05:45
The community thought so too,
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這個社區也這麼認為，
05:47
opting to close a small area of reef
to octopus fishing temporarily,
to octopus fishing temporarily,
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選擇關閉一小塊珊瑚區
暫時不准捕章魚，
暫時不准捕章魚，
05:52
using a customary social code,
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用他們習慣的社會守則，
05:54
invoking blessings from the ancestors
to prevent poaching.
to prevent poaching.
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祈求祖先的庇佑以防止偷捕。
05:58
When that reef reopened
to fishing six months later,
to fishing six months later,
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六個月後，那塊珊瑚礁
重新開放捕魚，
重新開放捕魚，
06:02
none of us were prepared
for what happened next.
for what happened next.
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我們都沒有料到接下來發生的事。
06:05
Catches soared,
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漁獲量激增，
06:07
with men and women landing
more and bigger octopus
more and bigger octopus
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漁夫漁婦都捕到
更多更大的章魚上岸，
更多更大的章魚上岸，
06:11
than anyone had seen for years.
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比過去多年看到的都大。
06:13
Neighboring villages saw the fishing boom
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鄰村看到這樣大增的魚量，
06:15
and drew up their own closures,
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也畫了一塊自己的禁捕區，
06:17
spreading the model virally
along hundreds of miles of coastline.
along hundreds of miles of coastline.
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讓這個模式沿著數百哩海岸線瘋傳。
06:20
When we ran the numbers,
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當我們算算數字，
06:22
we saw that these communities,
among the poorest on earth,
among the poorest on earth,
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我們看到這些社區，
地球上數一數二窮的地方，
地球上數一數二窮的地方，
06:25
had found a way to double their money
in a matter of months, by fishing less.
in a matter of months, by fishing less.
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找到了能在短短幾個月內
倍增收入的方法，就是少捕點魚。
倍增收入的方法，就是少捕點魚。
06:31
Imagine a savings account
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想像你有一個儲蓄帳戶，
06:33
from which you withdraw
half your balance every year
half your balance every year
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你每年從中領取一半的餘額，
06:35
and your savings keep growing.
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然而存款還是繼續增加。
06:37
There is no investment
opportunity on earth
opportunity on earth
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地球上沒有其他的投資機會
06:40
that can reliably deliver
what fisheries can.
what fisheries can.
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可以像漁業一樣這麼可靠。
06:44
But the real magic went beyond profit,
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但是真正的魔力還不是利潤，
06:47
because a far deeper transformation
was happening in these communities.
was happening in these communities.
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因為有某種更深層的轉化
在這些社區發生。
在這些社區發生。
06:52
Spurred on by rising catches,
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在漁獲量上升的刺激下，
06:54
leaders from Andavadoaka joined force
with two dozen neighboring communities
with two dozen neighboring communities
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安達瓦多卡的領袖
合力與兩打鄰近社區，
合力與兩打鄰近社區，
06:59
to establish a vast conservation area
along dozens of miles of coastline.
along dozens of miles of coastline.
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沿著許多哩的海岸線
建立廣闊的保育區。
建立廣闊的保育區。
07:04
They outlawed fishing with poison
and mosquito nets
and mosquito nets
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他們禁止用毒藥和蚊帳捕魚，
07:07
and set aside permanent refuges
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並畫出一塊永久保護區，
07:09
around threatened
coral reefs and mangroves,
coral reefs and mangroves,
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圈住受到威脅的珊瑚礁及紅樹林，
07:12
including, to my astonishment,
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包括——我很驚訝——
07:15
those same sights that I'd flagged
just two years earlier
just two years earlier
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我在兩年前標記過的同樣的地方，
07:19
when my evangelism for marine protection
was so roundly rejected.
was so roundly rejected.
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當時我對海洋保護的熱情被徹底拒絕。
07:23
They created a community-led
protected area,
protected area,
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他們創建了社區主導的保護區，
07:26
a democratic system
for local marine governance
for local marine governance
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民主制度用在地方海洋管理，
07:29
that was totally unimaginable
just a few years earlier.
just a few years earlier.
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這在幾年前完全無法想像。
07:33
And they didn't stop there:
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他們沒有就此停止：
07:35
within five years, they'd secured
legal rights from the state
legal rights from the state
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五年內，他們從國家拿到合法權利
07:38
to manage over 200 square miles of ocean,
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管理超過 200 平方哩的海洋，
07:41
eliminating destructive
industrial trawlers from the waters.
industrial trawlers from the waters.
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禁止破壞性的商業拖網漁船
在各水域活動。
在各水域活動。
07:47
Ten years on, we're seeing
recovery of those critical reefs
recovery of those critical reefs
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十年了，我們看到這些瀕危的珊瑚礁
07:50
within those refuges.
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在保護區內復育。
07:51
Communities are petitioning
for greater recognition
for greater recognition
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各社區正在陳情要求擴大認可
07:54
of the right to fish
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他們的捕魚權，
07:56
and fairer prices
that reward sustainability.
that reward sustainability.
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以及更公平的價格以鼓勵永續發展。
07:59
But all that is just
the beginning of the story,
the beginning of the story,
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但是這只是故事的起頭，
08:03
because this handful
of fishing villages taking action
of fishing villages taking action
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因為這一小撮捕魚村落的行動，
08:06
has sparked a marine
conservation revolution
conservation revolution
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激起了一連串海洋保育革命，
08:09
that has spread over thousands of miles,
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傳播了數千哩，
08:12
impacting hundreds of thousands of people.
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衝擊了成千上萬的人。
08:14
Today in Madagascar, hundreds of sites
are managed by communities
are managed by communities
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今天在馬達加斯加，
許多地方都由當地社區管理，
許多地方都由當地社區管理，
08:18
applying this human rights-based
approach to conservation
approach to conservation
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運用這種以人道主義為基礎的方法
08:21
to all kinds of fisheries,
from mud crabs to mackerel.
from mud crabs to mackerel.
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來保育各種漁產，
包括紅蟳及青花魚。
包括紅蟳及青花魚。
08:25
The model has crossed borders
through East Africa and the Indian Ocean
through East Africa and the Indian Ocean
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這個模式跨越國界，
傳到東非及印度洋，
傳到東非及印度洋，
08:29
and is now island-hopping
into Southeast Asia.
into Southeast Asia.
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目前正在東南亞各島傳播遊走。
08:32
From Tanzania to Timor-Leste,
from India to Indonesia,
from India to Indonesia,
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從坦尚尼亞到東帝汶，
從印度到印尼，
從印度到印尼，
08:37
we're seeing the same story unfold:
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我們都可以看見同樣的故事：
08:40
that when we design it right,
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只要我們設計對了，
08:42
marine conservation reaps dividends
that go far beyond protecting nature,
that go far beyond protecting nature,
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海洋保育取得的豐碩成果
遠遠超出保護自然，
遠遠超出保護自然，
08:47
improving catches
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改善漁獲，
08:48
and driving waves of social change
along entire coastlines,
along entire coastlines,
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還能激起社會改變的浪花，
沿著整條海岸線，
沿著整條海岸線，
08:52
strengthening confidence, cooperation
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增強信心，合作，
08:55
and the resilience of communities
to face the injustice of poverty
to face the injustice of poverty
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並加強社區面對貧窮不公
09:00
and climate change.
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及氣候變遷的韌性。
09:02
I've been privileged to spend my career
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我有幸能把職涯
09:05
catalyzing and connecting these movements
throughout the tropics,
throughout the tropics,
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放在促進和聯繫
整個熱帶地區的保育運動上，
整個熱帶地區的保育運動上，
09:10
and I've learned that as conservationists,
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我也從中學到，身為保育專家，
09:12
our goal must be to win at scale,
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我們的目標必須是大規模獲勝，
09:15
not just to lose more slowly.
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而不是慢慢的輸。
09:18
We need to step up
to this global opportunity
to this global opportunity
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我們必須加緊把握這個全球機會
09:21
to rebuild fisheries:
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來重建漁業：
09:23
with field workers to stand
with communities
with communities
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讓實地工作者與社區站在同一陣線，
09:26
and connect them, to support them
to act and learn from one another;
to act and learn from one another;
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連結他們，支持他們行動及彼此學習；
09:30
with governments and lawyers
standing with communities
standing with communities
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讓政府及立法單位與社區
站在同一陣線，
站在同一陣線，
09:33
to secure their rights
to manage their fisheries;
to manage their fisheries;
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維護他們的權利，管理他們的漁業；
09:36
prioritizing local food and job security
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優先考慮地方糧食安全及工作保障，
09:40
above all competing interests
in the ocean economy;
in the ocean economy;
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而非在海洋經濟中所有的競爭利益；
09:43
ending subsidies for grotesquely
overcapitalized industrial fleets
overcapitalized industrial fleets
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終止補助荒誕不經
過度投資的商業船隊，
過度投資的商業船隊，
09:48
and keeping those industrial
and foreign vessels
and foreign vessels
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並讓這些商業漁船及外國船隻
09:51
out of coastal waters.
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遠離沿岸水域。
09:53
We need agile data systems
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我們需要靈敏的數據系統，
09:55
that put science
in the hands of communities
in the hands of communities
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讓社區擁有科學，
09:58
to optimize conservation
to the target species or habitat.
to the target species or habitat.
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以最佳化保育目標物種或棲息地。
10:03
We need development agencies,
donors and the conservation establishment
donors and the conservation establishment
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我們需要開發單位、贊助人及保護機構
10:07
to raise their ambition
to the scale of investment
to the scale of investment
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提高雄心，擴大投資規模，
10:11
urgently required to deliver this vision.
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迫切要求實現此願景。
10:14
And to get there,
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要達到這個目標，
10:16
we all need to reimagine
marine conservation
marine conservation
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我們需要重新想像海洋保育
10:19
as a narrative of abundance
and empowerment,
and empowerment,
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為豐富物產及賦權的故事，
10:23
not of austerity and alienation;
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而不是緊縮及疏離；
10:25
a movement guided by the people who depend
on healthy seas for their survival,
on healthy seas for their survival,
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是一個由一群靠健康海洋
維生的人主導的運動，
維生的人主導的運動，
10:30
not by abstract scientific values.
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而不是抽象的科學價值。
10:34
Of course, fixing overfishing
is just one step to fixing our oceans.
is just one step to fixing our oceans.
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當然，解決過度捕撈
僅是修復海洋的第一步。
僅是修復海洋的第一步。
10:38
The horrors of warming,
acidification and pollution grow each day.
acidification and pollution grow each day.
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對暖化、酸化及污染的恐懼
天天都在增長。
天天都在增長。
10:44
But it's a big step.
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但這是一大步。
10:46
It's one we can take today,
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這是我們今天能走的一步，
10:48
and it's one that will give
a much-needed boost
a much-needed boost
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而且它是我們所亟需的強心針，
10:51
to those exploring scalable solutions
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給那些正在為其他海洋緊急狀況
探索可擴展解決方案的人。
探索可擴展解決方案的人。
10:53
to other dimensions
of our ocean emergency.
of our ocean emergency.
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10:56
Our success propels theirs.
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我們的成功會推波助瀾。
10:59
If we throw up our hands in despair,
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如果我們在絕望中舉手投降，
11:01
it's game over.
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那就玩完了。
11:03
We solve these challenges
by taking them on one by one.
by taking them on one by one.
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我們一個接一個來解決這些挑戰。
11:08
Our overwhelming dependence
on our ocean is the solution
on our ocean is the solution
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我們壓倒性的依賴海洋
一直就是我們視而不見的解決方案，
11:12
that has been hiding in plain sight,
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11:15
because there's nothing small
about small-scale fishers.
about small-scale fishers.
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因為小規模漁民一點都不小。
11:19
They're a hundred million strong
and provide nutrition to billions.
and provide nutrition to billions.
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他們不但有上億人口，
還為數十億人提供營養。
還為數十億人提供營養。
11:23
It's this army of everyday
conservationists
conservationists
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就是這群日常保育大軍
11:26
who have the most at stake.
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才是風險最大的人。
11:28
Only they have the knowledge
and global reach needed
and global reach needed
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只有他們有知識及全球影響力
11:31
to reshape our relationship
with our oceans.
with our oceans.
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來重塑我們與海洋的關係。
11:35
Helping them achieve this
is the most powerful thing we can do
is the most powerful thing we can do
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幫助他們達成這個目標
就是我們能做最有力的事，
就是我們能做最有力的事，
11:40
to keep our oceans alive.
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讓我們的海洋能活下去。
11:42
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:44
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alasdair Harris - Ocean conservationist, entrepreneurTED Fellow Alasdair Harris is a social entrepreneur and ocean conservationist working at the interface of marine protection and poverty alleviation.
Why you should listen
Alasdair Harris works in some of the world's poorest countries, where his organization Blue Ventures seeks to demonstrate that effective marine conservation requires pragmatic, entrepreneurial and locally led approaches to ocean protection. His work focuses on developing scalable solutions to marine environmental challenges that make marine conservation make sense to coastal communities.
Alasdair Harris | Speaker | TED.com