ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Goldberg - Roboticist
Ken Goldberg works reflect the intersection of robotics, social media, and art.

Why you should listen

Ken Goldberg is a Professor of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research in Robotics, Automation, and New Media at UC Berkeley and holds a position at UC San Francisco Medical School where he researches medical applications for robotics. Born in Nigeria and raised in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Ken hold degrees in Electrical Engineering and Economics from the University of Pennsylvania and received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University. He is widely recognized as an engineer, a teacher, and an artist – receiving the Joseph F. Engelberger Robotics Award in 2000, the IEEE Major Educational Innovation Award in 2001, and Isadora Duncan Award in 2006 for his Ballet Mori project, performed by the San Francisco Ballet. His works have been exhibited at the Whitney Biennial in New York City, the Pompidou Centre in Paris, and the Ars Electronica in Linz. His book, The Robot in the Garden, was published in March of 2000 by the MIT Press.

More profile about the speaker
Ken Goldberg | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBerkeley

Ken Goldberg: 4 lessons from robots about being human

Ken Goldberg: Četiri lekcije koje nas roboti mogu naučiti kako bismo postali bolji ljudi

Filmed:
387,467 views

Što su roboti učestaliji u našem svakodnevnom životu, to smo više prisiljeni preispitati sebe kao ljude. Na TEDxBerkeleyju, Ken Goldberg predstavlja četiri vrlo ljudske lekcije koje je naučio iz rada s robotima. (Snimljeno na TEDxBerkeley)
- Roboticist
Ken Goldberg works reflect the intersection of robotics, social media, and art. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I know this is going to soundzvuk strangečudan,
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Znam da će ovo zvučati čudno,
00:18
but I think robotsroboti can inspirenadahnuti us
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ali mislim da nas roboti mogu nadahnuti
00:22
to be better humansljudi.
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da postanemo bolji ljudi.
00:24
See, I grewrastao up in BethlehemBetlehem, PennsylvaniaPennsylvania,
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Vidite, odrastao sam u Bethlehemu, u Pennsylvaniji,
00:28
the home of BethlehemBetlehem SteelČelik.
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domu tvrtke Bethlehem Steel.
00:30
My fatherotac was an engineerinženjer,
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Moj otac je bio inženjer
00:32
and when I was growingrastući up, he would teachučiti me
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i dok sam odrastao, učio me
00:35
how things workedradio.
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kako stvari rade.
00:36
We would buildizgraditi projectsprojekti togetherzajedno,
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Radili smo na zajedničkim projektima,
00:39
like modelmodel rocketsrakete and slotutor carsautomobili.
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poput modela raketa i autića za utrkivanje.
00:42
Here'sOvdje je the go-kartZračna luka that we builtizgrađen togetherzajedno.
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Ovo je go-kart koji smo zajedno izradili.
00:45
That's me behindiza the wheelkotač,
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To sam ja za volanom,
00:47
with my sistersestra and my bestnajbolje friendprijatelj at the time,
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sa svojom sestrom i tadašnjim najboljim prijateljem.
00:51
and one day,
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Jednog dana,
00:53
he camedošao home, when I was about 10 yearsgodina oldstar,
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otac je došao kući, kad sam imao 10-ak godina,
00:56
and at the dinnervečera tablestol, he announcednajavio
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i za večerom objavio
00:59
that for our nextSljedeći projectprojekt, we were going to buildizgraditi a robotrobot.
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da ćemo za sljedeći projekt izgraditi robota.
01:05
A robotrobot.
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Robota.
01:06
Now, I was thrilledoduševljen about this,
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Naravno da sam bio ushićen zbog toga
01:08
because at schoolškola,
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jer je u školi bio
01:10
there was a bullynasilnik namedpod nazivom KevinKevin,
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nasilnik imenom Kevin,
01:12
and he was pickingbranje on me
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koji me maltretirao
01:14
because I was the only JewishŽidovski kiddijete in classklasa.
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jer sam bio jedini Židov u razredu.
01:17
So I couldn'tne mogu wait to get startedpočeo to work on this
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Jedva sam čekao da počnemo raditi na tome
01:20
so I could introducepredstaviti KevinKevin to my robotrobot. (LaughterSmijeh)
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kako bih mogao upoznati Kevina
sa svojim robotom. (Smijeh)
01:23
(RobotRobota noiseszvukovi)
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(Zvuci robota)
01:34
But that wasn'tnije the kindljubazan of robotrobot my dadtata had in mindum.
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No, moj otac nije na umu imao takvog robota.
01:39
See, he ownedvlasništvu a chromiumkrom platingoplata companydruštvo,
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On je imao tvrtku za kromirane oplate,
01:43
and they had to movepotez
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u kojoj su morali micati
01:45
heavyteško steelželjezo partsdijelovi betweenizmeđu tanksspremnici of chemicalskemikalije,
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teške čelične dijelove između spremnika s kemikalijama,
01:48
and so he neededpotreban an industrialindustrijski robotrobot like this
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i trebao je ovakvog industrijskog robota
01:52
that could basicallyu osnovi do the heavyteško liftingpodizanje.
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koji bi uglavnom mogao dizati te teške stvari.
01:55
But my dadtata didn't get the kindljubazan of robotrobot he wanted, eitherili.
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No, ni tata nije dobio robota kakvog je htio.
01:59
He and I workedradio on it for severalnekoliko yearsgodina,
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On i ja radili smo na njemu nekoliko godina,
02:02
but it was the 1970s,
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ali to su bile 1970-e
02:04
and the technologytehnologija that was availabledostupno to amateursamateri
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i tehnologija koja bi bila dostupna amaterima
02:06
just wasn'tnije there yetjoš.
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jednostavno nije postojala.
02:09
So DadTata continuedi dalje to do this kindljubazan of work by handruka,
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Tata je nastavio raditi takve poslove ručno
02:13
and a fewnekoliko yearsgodina laterkasnije,
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i par godina kasnije
02:15
he was diagnoseddijagnosticira with cancerRak.
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dijagnosticirali su mu rak.
02:19
You see, what the robotrobot we were tryingtežak to buildizgraditi
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Robot kojeg smo pokušavali napraviti
02:22
was tellingreći him was not about doing the heavyteško liftingpodizanje.
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nije mu pomagao pri dizanju teških stvari,
02:26
It was a warningupozorenje about his exposureizloženost to the toxicotrovan chemicalskemikalije.
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već ga je upozoravao na izloženost otrovnim kemikalijama.
02:30
He didn't recognizeprepoznati that at the time,
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On to tada nije prepoznao
02:33
and he contractedugovoreno leukemialeukemije,
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i dobio je leukemiju
02:35
and he diedumro at the agedob of 45.
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i umro u 45. godini života.
02:38
I was devastatedrazoren by this,
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To me shrvalo,
02:41
and I never forgotzaboravio the robotrobot that he and I triedpokušala to buildizgraditi.
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ali nikad nisam zaboravio robota
kojeg smo pokušali izraditi.
02:46
When I was in collegekoledž, I decidedodlučio to studystudija engineeringinženjering, like him.
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Odlučio sam studirati inženjerstvo, poput oca.
02:50
And I wentotišao to CarnegieCarnegie MellonMellon, and I earnedzarađen my PhDDr.sc. in roboticsRobotika.
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Studirao sam na sveučilištu Carnegie Mellon
i doktrorirao robotiku.
02:55
I've been studyingučenje robotsroboti ever sinceod.
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Od tada proučavam robote.
02:58
So what I'd like to tell you about
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Htio bih vam, dakle, govoriti
03:00
are fourčetiri robotrobot projectsprojekti
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o četiri projekta s robotima
03:02
and how they'vešto ga do inspirednadahnut me to be a better humanljudski.
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i o tome kako su me oni nadahnuli da postanem bolji čovjek.
03:09
By 1993, I was a youngmladi professorprofesor at USCUSK,
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1993. godine bio sam mladi profesor na USC-u,
03:15
and I was just buildingzgrada up my ownvlastiti roboticsRobotika lablaboratorija,
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osnivao sam vlastiti laboratorij za robotiku
03:18
and this was the yeargodina that the WorldSvijet WideŠirok WebWeb camedošao out.
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a te se godine pojavio i World Wide Web.
03:22
And I rememberzapamtiti my studentsstudenti were the onesone
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Sjećam se da su mi moji studenti
03:23
who told me about it,
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rekli za to
03:25
and we would -- we were just amazedzadivljen.
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i bili smo -- bili smo zapanjeni.
03:27
We startedpočeo playingigranje with this, and that afternoonposlijepodne,
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Počeli smo se igrati time i tog smo poslijepodneva
03:31
we realizedshvatio that we could use this newnovi, universaluniverzalan interfacesučelje
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shvatili da preko tog novog, univerzalnog sučelja
03:35
to allowdopustiti anyonebilo tko in the worldsvijet
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možemo bilo kome u svijetu omogućiti
03:37
to operateraditi the robotrobot in our lablaboratorija.
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da upravlja robotom u našem laboratoriju.
03:40
So, ratherradije than have it fightborba or do industrialindustrijski work,
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Umjesto da se bori ili radi industrijske poslove,
03:46
we decidedodlučio to buildizgraditi a plantersadilica,
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odlučili smo izraditi sadilicu,
03:48
put the robotrobot into the centercentar of it,
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i staviti robota u središte.
03:50
and we calledzvao it the TelegardenTelegarden.
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To smo nazvali Telegarden.
03:53
And we had put a camerafotoaparat in the gripperGripper of the handruka
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Stavili smo kamere na hvataljke ruke robota
03:56
of the robotrobot, and we wrotenapisao some specialposeban scriptsskripte
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i napisali posebne upute i softver
03:59
and softwaresoftver so that anyonebilo tko in the worldsvijet could come in
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kako bi bilo tko u svijetu mogao doći
04:02
and by clickingklikom on the screenzaslon
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i klikanjem po ekranu
04:04
they could movepotez the robotrobot around
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micati robota uokolo
04:07
and visitposjetiti the gardenvrt.
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te posjetiti vrt.
04:09
But we alsotakođer alloweddopušteno, setset up some other softwaresoftver
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Također smo nadogradili drugim softverom
04:13
that letsomogućuje you participatesudjelovati and help us watervoda the gardenvrt
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koji vam omogućava da sudjelujete
i pomognete nam u zalijevanju vrta
04:16
remotelydaljinski, and if you watervoda it a fewnekoliko timesputa,
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daljinskim upravljanjem. Kad ga zalijete nekoliko puta,
04:19
we'dmi bismo give you your ownvlastiti seedsjeme to plantbiljka.
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dali bismo vam vlastito sjeme koje možete zasaditi.
04:23
Now, this was a projectprojekt, an engineeringinženjering projectprojekt,
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To je bio inženjerski projekt
04:26
and we publishedObjavljeno some papersnovine on the designdizajn,
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pa smo objavili nekoliko radova o oblikovanju,
04:29
the systemsistem designdizajn of it, but we alsotakođer thought of it
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o oblikovanju sustava, ali smo ga smatrali
04:31
as an artumjetnost installationmontaža.
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i umjetničkom instalacijom.
04:34
It was invitedpozvan, after the first yeargodina,
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Nakon prve godine pozvao nas je
04:36
by the ArsArs ElectronicaElectronica MuseumMuzej in AustriaAustrija
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muzej Ars Electronica iz Austrije
04:39
to have it installedinstaliran in theirnjihov lobbylobi,
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da ga postavimo u njihovo predvorje.
04:42
and I'm happysretan to say it remainedostala onlinena liniji there,
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Sretan sam što mogu reći da je ondje bio online
04:45
24 hourssati a day, for almostskoro ninedevet yearsgodina.
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24 sata na dan gotovo devet godina.
04:50
That robotrobot was operatedoperiran by more people
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Tim je robotom upravljalo više ljudi
04:53
than any other robotrobot in historypovijest.
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nego ikojim drugim robotom u povijesti.
04:57
Now, one day,
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Jednog dana,
04:58
I got a call out of the blueplava
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dobio sam neočekivan poziv
05:00
from a studentstudent,
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od jednog studenta
05:02
who askedpitao a very simplejednostavan but profounddubok questionpitanje.
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koji me pitao vrlo jednostavno, ali duboko pitanje.
05:07
He said, "Is the robotrobot realstvaran?"
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Rekao je: "Postoji li stvarno taj robot?"
05:12
Now, everyonesvatko elsedrugo had assumedpretpostavlja it was,
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Svi drugi pretpostavljali su da postoji,
05:14
and we knewznao it was because we were workingrad with it.
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a mi smo to znali jer smo na njemu radili.
05:17
But I knewznao what he meantznačilo,
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No, znao sam na što je mislio
05:18
because it would be possiblemoguće to take a bunchmnogo of picturesSlike
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jer bilo bi moguće uzeti mnoštvo slika cvjetova iz vrta
05:21
of flowerscvijeće in a gardenvrt and then, basicallyu osnovi, indexindeks them
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i onda ih samo ubaciti
05:25
in a computerračunalo systemsistem suchtakav that it would appearpojaviti
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u računalni sustav kako bi izgledalo
05:27
that there was a realstvaran robotrobot when there wasn'tnije.
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kao da postoji robot, a zapravo ga nema.
05:31
And the more I thought about it, I couldn'tne mogu think
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Što sam više razmišljao o tome, nisam mogao smisliti
05:32
of a good answerodgovor for how he could tell the differencerazlika.
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dobar odgovor kako vidjeti razliku.
05:35
This was right about the time that I was offeredponudio a positionpoložaj
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To se dogodilo otprilike u vrijeme
kad mi je bilo ponuđen posao
05:38
here at BerkeleyBerkeley,
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ovdje u Berkeleyju.
05:40
and when I got here, I lookedgledao up HubertHubert DreyfusDrajfus,
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Kad sam stigao ovamo, potražio sam Huberta Dreyfusa,
05:44
who'stko je a world-renownedsvjetski poznati professorprofesor of philosophyfilozofija,
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svjetski poznatog profesora filozofije.
05:47
and I talkedRazgovarao with him about this, and he said,
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Razgovarao sam s njime o tome i rekao je:
05:50
"This is one of the oldestnajstariji and mostnajviše centralsredišnji problemsproblemi
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"To je jedan od najstarijih i najvećih problema
05:53
in philosophyfilozofija. It goeside back to the SkepticsSkeptici,
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u filozofiji. Postoji još od Skeptika,
05:57
and up throughkroz DescartesDescartes.
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pa sve do Descartesa.
05:59
It's the issueizdanje of epistemologyEpistemologija,
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To je problem epistemologije,
06:02
the studystudija of how do we know that something is truepravi."
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proučavanja toga kako znamo da je nešto istina."
06:06
So he and I startedpočeo workingrad togetherzajedno,
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Tako smo počeli raditi zajedno
06:08
and we coinedskovao a newnovi termtermin: telepistemologytelepistemology,
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i skovali smo novi termin: telepistemologiju,
06:11
the studystudija of knowledgeznanje at a distanceudaljenost.
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proučavanje znanja na daljinu.
06:15
We invitedpozvan leadingvodeći artistsizvođači, engineersinženjeri,
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Pozvali smo vodeće umjetnike, inženjere i filozofe
06:17
and philosophersfilozofi to writepisati essaysEseji about this,
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da napišu eseje o tome,
06:21
and the resultsrezultati, the resultsrezultati are collectedprikupljeni in this bookrezervirati
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a rezultati su skupljeni u ovoj knjizi
06:23
from MITMIT PressTisak.
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u izdanju MIT Pressa.
06:25
So thanksHvala to this studentstudent who questionedpitanje
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Zahvaljujući tom studentu koji je posumnjao
06:28
what everyonesvatko elsedrugo had assumedpretpostavlja to be truepravi,
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u ono za što su svi drugi pretpostavili da je istina,
06:31
this projectprojekt taughtučio me an importantvažno lessonlekcija about life,
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taj me projekt naučio važnu lekciju o životu,
06:35
whichkoji is to always questionpitanje assumptionspretpostavke.
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a to je da uvijek treba preispitivati pretpostavke.
06:39
Now, the seconddrugi projectprojekt I'll tell you about
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Drugi projekt o kojem ću vam govoriti
06:42
grewrastao out of the TelegardenTelegarden.
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proizašao je iz Telegardena.
06:43
As it was operatingradni, my studentsstudenti and I were very interestedzainteresiran
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Dok je radio, moje studente i mene zanimalo je
06:46
in how people were interactingu interakciji with eachsvaki other
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u kakvoj su ljudi bili interakciji jedni s drugima
06:49
and what they were doing with the gardenvrt.
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i što su radili s vrtom.
06:50
So we startedpočeo thinkingmišljenje, what if the robotrobot could leavenapustiti
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Počeli smo razmišljati što bi bilo
kad bi robot mogao izići iz vrta
06:53
the gardenvrt and go out into some other
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i otići u neko drugo
06:55
interestingzanimljiv environmentokolina?
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zanimljivo okruženje?
06:57
Like, for exampleprimjer, what if it could go to a dinnervečera partystranka
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Na primjer, što kad bi mogao otići na večeru
06:59
at the Whitebijeli Housekuća? (LaughterSmijeh)
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u Bijelu kuću? (Smijeh)
07:04
So, because we were interestedzainteresiran more in the systemsistem designdizajn
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Budući da su nas oblikovanje sustava
07:07
and the userkorisnik interfacesučelje than in the hardwarehardver,
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i korisničko sučelje zanimali više nego hardver,
07:10
we decidedodlučio that, ratherradije than have
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odlučili smo,
07:12
a robotrobot replacezamijeniti the humanljudski to go to the partystranka,
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umjesto da robot zamijeni čovjeka na večeri,
07:16
we'dmi bismo have a humanljudski replacezamijeniti the robotrobot.
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imati čovjeka da zamijeni robota.
07:19
We calledzvao it the Tele-ActorTele-glumac.
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Nazvali smo ga Tele-Actor.
07:21
We got a humanljudski,
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Uzeli smo čovjeka,
07:23
someonenetko who'stko je very outgoingizlazni and gregariousdruštven,
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nekoga tko je vrlo otvoren i društven.
07:26
and she was outfittedodjevenog with a helmetkaciga
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Bila je opremljena kacigom
07:30
with variousraznovrstan equipmentoprema, cameraskamere and microphonesmikrofoni,
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s raznom opremom, kamerama i mikrofonima,
07:32
and then a backpackruksak with wirelessbežični InternetInternet connectionveza,
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te ruksakom s bežičnim pristupom Internetu.
07:36
and the ideaideja was that she could go into a remotedaljinski and
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Ideja je bila da bi mogla otići u udaljenu,
07:39
interestingzanimljiv environmentokolina, and then over the InternetInternet,
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zanimljivu okolinu, a ljudi bi, preko Interneta,
07:43
people could experienceiskustvo what she was experiencingdoživljava,
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mogli doživjeti isto što i ona,
07:46
so they could see what she was seeingvidim,
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mogli bi vidjeti što ona vidi.
07:49
but then, more importantlyvažnije, they could participatesudjelovati
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Što je još važnije, mogli bi sudjelovati
07:52
by interactingu interakciji with eachsvaki other
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međusobnom interakcijom
07:55
and comingdolazak up with ideasideje about what she should do nextSljedeći
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i davanjem ideja što bi sljedeće mogla učiniti
07:59
and where she should go,
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i kamo da ide
08:01
and then conveyingprenošenje those to the Tele-ActorTele-glumac.
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te bi to prenijeli Tele-Actoru.
08:04
So we got a chanceprilika to take the Tele-ActorTele-glumac
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Dobili smo priliku da predstavimo Tele-Actora
08:07
to the WebbyWebby AwardsNagrade in SanSan FranciscoFrancisco,
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na Webby Awards u San Franciscu.
08:11
and that yeargodina, SamSam DonaldsonDonaldson was the hostdomaćin.
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Te je godine domaćin bio Sam Donaldson.
08:15
Just before the curtainzavjesa wentotišao up, I had about 30 secondssekundi
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Malo prije no što se digao zastor, imao sam oko 30 sekundi
08:18
to explainobjasniti to MrG.. DonaldsonDonaldson what we were gonna do,
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da objasnim g. Donaldsonu što ćemo učiniti.
08:23
and I said, "The Tele-ActorTele-glumac
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Rekao sam:
08:25
is going to be joiningspajanje you on stagefaza,
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"Tele-Actor će biti s vama na pozornici.
08:27
and this is a newnovi experimentaleksperimentalan projectprojekt,
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To je novi pokusni projekt,
08:29
and people are watchinggledanje her on theirnjihov screensekrani,
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ljudi je gledaju na svojim ekranima.
08:32
and she's got -- there's cameraskamere involvedumiješan and there's
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Ima -- tu su kamere i mikrofoni,
08:34
microphonesmikrofoni and she's got an earbudumetak za uši in her earuho,
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a ima i bubu u uhu.
08:37
and people over the networkmreža are givingdavanje her advicesavjet
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Ljudi u mreži daju joj savjete
08:39
about what to do nextSljedeći."
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što da sljedeće napravi."
08:40
And he said, "Wait a seconddrugi,
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On je rekao: "Čekaj malo,
08:43
that's what I do." (LaughterSmijeh)
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to je moj posao." (Smijeh)
08:49
So he lovedvoljen the conceptkoncept,
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Svidjela mu se ideja,
08:51
and when the Tele-ActorTele-glumac walkedhodao onstagena pozornici,
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i kad je Tele-Actor stupio na pozornicu,
08:54
she walkedhodao right up to him, and she gavedali him a bigvelika kisspoljubac
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otišla je do njega i dala mu velik poljubac
08:57
right on the lipsusne. (LaughterSmijeh)
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ravno u usta. (Smijeh)
09:00
We were totallypotpuno surprisediznenađen.
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Bili smo potpuno iznenađeni.
09:01
We had no ideaideja that would happendogoditi se.
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Nismo imali pojma da će se to dogoditi.
09:03
And he was great. He just gavedali her a bigvelika hugzagrljaj in returnpovratak,
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Bio je odličan. Uzvratio joj je velikim zagrljajem
09:06
and it workedradio out great.
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i ispalo je sjajno.
09:07
But that night, as we were packingpakiranje up,
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No, te noći, dok smo se pakirali,
09:09
I askedpitao the Tele-ActorTele-glumac, how did the Tele-DirectorsTele-direktora
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pitao sam Tele-Actora kako su Tele-Direktori odlučili
09:13
decideodlučiti that they would give a kisspoljubac to SamSam DonaldsonDonaldson?
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dati poljubac Samu Donaldsonu?
09:19
And she said they hadn'tnije.
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Rekla je da nisu to odlučili.
09:21
She said, when she was just about to walkhodati on stagefaza,
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Rekla je da, baš kad je trebala stupiti na pozornicu,
09:23
the Tele-DirectorsTele-direktora were still tryingtežak to agreesložiti on what to do,
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Tele-Direktori su se još pokušavali dogovoriti što da učine,
09:25
and so she just walkedhodao on stagefaza and did
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pa je tako samo ušla na pozornicu
09:28
what feltosjećala mostnajviše naturalprirodni. (LaughterSmijeh)
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i učinila ono što joj je bilo najprirodnije. (Smijeh)
09:33
So, the successuspjeh of the Tele-ActorTele-glumac that night
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Dakle, za uspjeh Tele-Actora te noći
09:37
was dueuslijed to the factčinjenica that she was a wonderfulpredivan actorglumac.
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zaslužno je to što je ona odlična glumica.
09:41
She knewznao when to trustpovjerenje her instinctsinstinkti,
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Znala je kada treba vjerovati instinktima.
09:44
and so that projectprojekt taughtučio me anotherjoš lessonlekcija about life,
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Tako me taj projekt naučio još jednu lekciju o životu:
09:48
whichkoji is that, when in doubtsumnjati, improviseimprovizirati. (LaughterSmijeh)
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kad ne znaš što bi, improviziraj. (Smijeh)
09:54
Now, the thirdtreći projectprojekt grewrastao out of
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Treći projekt proizašao je
09:57
my experienceiskustvo when my fatherotac was in the hospitalbolnica.
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iz mog iskustva kad mi je otac bio u bolnici.
10:02
He was undergoingprolazi kroz a treatmentliječenje,
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Bio je na liječenju,
10:04
chemotherapykemoterapija treatmentstretmani, and there's a relatedpovezan treatmentliječenje
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na kemoterapiji, a postoji i slična terapija,
10:08
calledzvao brachytherapybrahiterapija, where tinysićušan, radioactiveradioaktivni seedssjemenke
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brahiterapija, u kojoj se sitne radioaktivne čestice
10:13
are placedpostavljen into the bodytijelo to treatliječiti cancerouskancerogen tumorstumori.
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stavljaju u tijelo kako bi izliječile kancerogene tumore.
10:17
And the way it's doneučinio, as you can see here,
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To se izvodi, kao što vidite ovdje,
10:19
is that surgeonskirurzi insertumetnuti needlesigle into the bodytijelo
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tako da doktori ubadaju igle po tijelu
10:24
to deliverdostaviti the seedssjemenke, and all this,
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kako bi doveli čestice i sve to,
10:26
all these needlesigle are insertedumetnuta in parallelparalelno,
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sve te igle postavljene su paralelno
10:30
so it's very commonzajednička that some of the needlesigle
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pa vrlo često neke od igala
10:33
penetrateprodrijeti sensitiveosjetljiv organsorgana, and as a resultproizlaziti,
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probiju osjetljive organe
10:37
the needlesigle damagešteta these organsorgana, causeuzrok damagešteta
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i tako oštećuju organe i prouzročuju štetu
10:43
whichkoji leadsvodi to traumatraume and sidestrana effectsefekti.
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koja dovodi do traume i nuspojava.
10:46
So my studentsstudenti and I wonderedpitala, what if we could
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Tako smo se moji studenti i ja pitali, što kad bismo mogli
10:49
modifyizmijeniti the systemsistem
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promijeniti sustav
10:52
so that the needlesigle could come in at differentdrugačiji angleskutovi?
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tako da igle mogu ulaziti pod različitim kutovima?
10:56
So we simulatedsimuliran this, and we developedrazvijen some
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Simulirali smo to i razvili
10:59
optimizationOptimizacija algorithmsalgoritmi and we simulatedsimuliran this,
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nekoliko optimizacijskih algoritama
11:01
and we were ableu stanju to showpokazati that we are ableu stanju to avoidIzbjegavajte
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te smo uspjeli pokazati da možemo izbjeći
11:03
the delicatedelikatan organsorgana and yetjoš still achievepostići the coveragepokrivenost
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osjetljive organe, a ipak postići
11:07
of the tumorstumori with the radiationradijacija.
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pokrivenost tumora radijacijom.
11:11
So now, we're workingrad with doctorsliječnici at UCSFUCSF
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Trenutno radimo s liječnicima na UCSF-u
11:14
and engineersinženjeri at JohnsJohns HopkinsHopkins
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i inženjerima iz Johns Hopkinsa
11:17
and we're buildingzgrada a robotrobot that has a numberbroj of,
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i gradimo robota koji ima brojne --
11:20
it's a specializedspecijalizirani designdizajn with differentdrugačiji jointszglobova that can allowdopustiti
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specijaliziranog je dizajna, sa zglobovima koji omogućuju
11:24
the needlesigle to come in at an infinitebeskonačan varietyraznolikost of angleskutovi,
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da igle budu ubodene pod beskrajno mnogo kutova.
11:28
and as you can see here, they can avoidIzbjegavajte delicatedelikatan organsorgana
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Kao što možete ovdje vidjeti, izbjeći će osjetljive organe,
11:31
and still reachdohvatiti the targetsciljevi they're aimings ciljem for.
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a opet doseći ciljana mjesta.
11:35
So, by questioningispitivanje this assumptionpretpostavka that all the needlesigle
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Preispitivanjem pretpostavke da igle
11:39
have to be parallelparalelno, this projectprojekt alsotakođer taughtučio me
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moraju biti postavljene paralelno, taj me projekt naučio
11:42
an importantvažno lessonlekcija: When in doubtsumnjati --
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važnu lekciju: Kad ne znaš što bi --
11:45
When your pathstaza is blockedblokiran, pivotStožer.
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Kada ti je put zakrčen, zakreni se.
11:49
And the last projectprojekt alsotakođer has to do with medicalmedicinski roboticsRobotika.
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Zadnji projekt također ima veze s medicinskom robotikom.
11:54
And this is something that's grownodrastao out of a systemsistem calledzvao
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Ovo je proizašlo iz sustava
11:58
the dada VinciVinci surgicalkirurška robotrobot,
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koji se zove da Vincijev kirurški robot,
12:01
and this is a commerciallykomercijalno availabledostupno deviceuređaj.
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koji je komercijalno dostupan uređaj.
12:04
It's beingbiće used in over 2,000 hospitalsbolnice around the worldsvijet,
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Koristi ga više od 2000 bolnica diljem svijeta,
12:07
and the ideaideja is it allowsomogućuje the surgeonkirurg
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a omogućuje kirurgu
12:10
to operateraditi comfortablyudobno in his ownvlastiti coordinatekoordinirati frameokvir,
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da udobno djeluje u svojem vlastitom koordinatnom okviru.
12:14
but manymnogi of the subtaskspodzadatke in surgerykirurgija
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No, mnogi podzadaci u kirurgiji
12:19
are very routinerutina and tediousdosadan, like suturingiskustva,
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vrlo su rutinski i dosadni, poput šivanja,
12:22
and currentlytrenutno, all of these are performedizvedena
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i trenutno se svi provode
12:24
underpod the specificspecifično and immediateneposredan controlkontrolirati of the surgeonkirurg,
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pod posebnom i neposrednom kontrolom kirurga
12:29
so the surgeonkirurg becomespostaje fatiguedUmoran over time.
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pa se kirurg s vremenom umara.
12:31
And we'veimamo been wonderingpitate,
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Razmišljali smo,
12:33
what if we could programprogram the robotrobot
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što kad bismo mogli programirati robota
12:35
to performizvesti some of these subtaskspodzadatke,
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da obavlja neke od tih podzadataka
12:37
and therebytime freebesplatno the surgeonskirurzi to focusfokus
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kako bi se kirurzi mogli slobodno koncentrirati
12:39
on the more complicatedsložen partsdijelovi of the surgerykirurgija,
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na kompliciranije dijelove operacije?
12:42
and alsotakođer cutrez down on the time that the surgerykirurgija would take
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I bi li operacije mogle biti kraće
12:45
if we could get the robotrobot to do them a little bitbit fasterbrže?
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kad bi robot te zadatke mogao obavljati malo brže?
12:48
Now, it's hardteško to programprogram a robotrobot to do delicatedelikatan things
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Teško je programirati robota da radi takve osjetljive stvari,
12:50
like this, but it turnsokreti out my colleaguekolega, PieterPieter AbbeelAbbeel,
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ali doznao sam da je moj kolega Pieter Abbeel,
12:55
who'stko je here at BerkeleyBerkeley, has develelopeddeveleloped
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koji je ovdje na Berkeleyju,
12:57
a newnovi setset of techniquesTehnike for teachingnastava robotsroboti from exampleprimjer.
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razvio nove tehnike kojima uči robote na primjerima.
13:03
So he's gottendobivši robotsroboti to flyletjeti helicoptersHelikopteri,
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Tako je imao robote koji upravljaju helikopterima,
13:05
do incrediblynevjerojatno interestingzanimljiv, beautifullijep acrobaticsakrobacije,
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izvode nevjerojatno zanimljive, prekrasne akrobacije
13:08
by watchinggledanje humanljudski expertsstručnjaci flyletjeti them.
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gledajući ljudske majstore kako ih izvode.
13:11
So we got one of these robotsroboti.
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Dobili smo jednoga od tih robota.
13:14
We startedpočeo workingrad with PieterPieter and his studentsstudenti,
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Počeli smo raditi s Pieterom i njegovim studentima
13:16
and we askedpitao a surgeonkirurg to performizvesti
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i zamolili smo jednoga kirurga da izvede zadatak
13:19
a taskzadatak, and what we do is we, with the robotrobot,
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a mi tada s robotom,
13:23
so what we're doing is askingtraži the robotrobot,
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tražimo od robota --
13:25
the surgeonkirurg to performizvesti the taskzadatak,
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kirurg treba izvesti zadatak,
13:26
and we recordsnimiti the motionsPrijedlozi of the robotrobot.
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a mi snimamo pokrete robota.
13:29
So here'sevo an exampleprimjer. I'll use a figurelik eightosam,
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Evo primjera. Uzet ću oblik osmice,
13:31
tracingprecrtavanje out a figurelik eightosam as an exampleprimjer.
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pratit ću oblik osmice za primjer.
13:33
So here'sevo what it looksizgled like when the robotrobot,
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Ovako to izgleda kad robot --
13:37
this is what the robot'srobota pathstaza looksizgled like,
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ovako izgleda robotov put,
13:39
those threetri examplesprimjeri.
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ta tri primjera.
13:40
Now, those are much better than what a noviceNovak
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To je mnogo bolje nego što bi početnik kao ja
13:43
like I could do, but they're still jerkysušeno meso and impreciseneprecizan.
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mogao napraviti, ali još uvijek je grčevito i neprecizno.
13:47
So we recordsnimiti all these examplesprimjeri, the datapodaci,
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Snimili smo sve te primjere, podatke,
13:49
and then we go throughkroz a sequenceslijed of stepskoraci.
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i prošli kroz slijed koraka.
13:53
First, we used a techniquetehnika calledzvao dynamicdinamičan time warpingsavijanje
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Prvo smo koristili tehniku dinamičkog savijanja vremena
13:57
from speechgovor recognitionpriznanje, and this allowsomogućuje us to
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iz prepoznavanja govora, i to nam je omogućilo
13:59
temporallyvremenski alignPoravnajte all of the examplesprimjeri,
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da privremeno poravnamo sve primjere.
14:02
and then we applyprimijeniti KalmanKalman filteringfiltriranje,
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Zatim izvršimo Kalmanovo filtriranje,
14:05
a techniquetehnika from controlkontrolirati theoryteorija, that allowsomogućuje us
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tehniku iz teorije kontrole, koja nam omogućava
14:08
to statisticallystatistički analyzeanalizirati all the noisebuka
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da statistički analiziramo buku
14:10
and extractekstrakt the desiredželjeni trajectoryputanja that underliesnalazi u pozadini them.
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i izlučimo željenu putanju koja joj je temelj.
14:16
Now, so what we're doing is that we take those
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Zatim uzmemo te ljudske demonstracije,
14:18
humanljudski demonstrationsdemonstracije, they're all noisyglasan and imperfectnesavršen,
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bučne i nesavršene,
14:20
and we extractekstrakt from them an inferredslučajna taskzadatak trajectoryputanja
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i izlučimo iz njih pretpostavljenu putanju zadatka
14:24
and controlkontrolirati sequenceslijed for the robotrobot.
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i kontrolni slijed za robota.
14:27
We then executeizvršiti that on the robotrobot,
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To primijenimo na robotu,
14:29
we observepromatrati what happensdogađa se,
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gledamo što se događa,
14:31
then we adjustprilagoditi the controlskontrole usingkoristeći a sequenceslijed of techniquesTehnike
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te prilagodimo kontrole koristeći slijed tehnika
14:34
calledzvao iterativeiterativni learningučenje.
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koji se zove iterativno učenje.
14:37
Then what we do is, we increasepovećati the velocitybrzina a little bitbit.
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Zatim malo povećamo brzinu.
14:41
We observepromatrati the resultsrezultati, adjustprilagoditi the controlskontrole again,
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Promatramo rezultate, ponovno prilagodimo kontrole
14:44
and observepromatrati what happensdogađa se.
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i promatramo što se događa.
14:47
And we go throughkroz this severalnekoliko roundsrundi.
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Nekoliko puta prolazimo kroz taj postupak.
14:49
And here'sevo the resultproizlaziti.
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Evo rezultata.
14:50
That's the inferredslučajna taskzadatak trajectoryputanja,
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To je pretpostavljena putanja zadatka,
14:52
and here'sevo the robotrobot movingkreće at the speedubrzati of the humanljudski.
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a ovo je robot koji se miče ljudskom brzinom.
14:55
Here'sOvdje je fourčetiri timesputa the speedubrzati of the humanljudski.
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Ovo je četiri puta brže.
14:58
Here'sOvdje je sevensedam timesputa.
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Ovdje sedam puta.
15:00
And here'sevo the robotrobot operatingradni at 10 timesputa
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I ovdje je robot koji radi 10 puta brže
15:04
the speedubrzati of the humanljudski.
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od brzine čovjeka.
15:06
So we're ableu stanju to get a robotrobot to performizvesti a delicatedelikatan taskzadatak,
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Dakle, robot može izvršiti osjetljiv zadatak
15:09
like a surgicalkirurška subtaskpodzadatak,
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poput kirurškog podzadatka
15:12
at 10 timesputa the speedubrzati of a humanljudski.
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u brzini deset puta većoj od čovjekove.
15:16
So this projectprojekt alsotakođer, because of its involvedumiješan practicingvježbanje
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Ovaj projekt također, budući da uključuje vježbanje
15:20
and learningučenje, doing something over and over again,
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i učenje, neprestano ponavljanje nečega,
15:22
this projectprojekt alsotakođer has a lessonlekcija, whichkoji is,
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iz ovog projekta također možemo naučiti jednu lekciju:
15:25
if you want to do something well,
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ako želiš nešto učiniti dobro,
15:28
there's no substitutezamjena for practicepraksa, practicepraksa, practicepraksa.
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nema druge nego vježbati, vježbati, vježbati.
15:36
So these are fourčetiri of the lessonslekcije that I've learnednaučeno
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To su četiri pouke koje sam tijekom godina
15:39
from robotsroboti over the yearsgodina,
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naučio od robota.
15:42
and roboticsRobotika, the fieldpolje of roboticsRobotika has gottendobivši much better
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I robotika -- područje robotike mnogo se poboljšalo
15:48
over time.
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tijekom vremena.
15:50
NowadaysDanas, highvisok schoolškola studentsstudenti can buildizgraditi robotsroboti
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Danas srednjškolci mogu izrađivati robote
15:52
like the industrialindustrijski robotrobot my dadtata and I triedpokušala to buildizgraditi.
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poput onog industrijskog kojeg smo
moj otac i ja pokušali izraditi.
15:56
And now, I have a daughterkći,
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Sada imam kćer,
16:03
namedpod nazivom OdessaOdessa.
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zove se Odessa.
16:05
She's eightosam yearsgodina oldstar,
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Ima osam godina
16:07
and she likessviđa robotsroboti, too.
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i također voli robote.
16:10
Maybe it runsradi in the familyobitelj. (LaughterSmijeh)
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Možda je to nešto nasljedno. (Smijeh)
16:12
I wishželja she could meetsastati my dadtata.
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Volio bih da je mogla upoznati mojega oca.
16:16
And now I get to teachučiti her how things work,
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Sada je mogu učiti kako stvari rade,
16:18
and we get to buildizgraditi projectsprojekti togetherzajedno, and I wonderčudo
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možemo zajedno raditi na projektima i pitam se
16:21
what kindljubazan of lessonslekcije that she'llljuska learnnaučiti from them.
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kakve će ona pouke iz njih izvući.
16:26
RobotsRoboti are the mostnajviše humanljudski
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Roboti su najljudskiji
16:28
of our machinesstrojevi.
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od svih strojeva.
16:30
They can't solveriješiti all of the world'ssvijetu problemsproblemi,
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Oni ne mogu riješiti sve svjetske probleme,
16:33
but I think they have something importantvažno to teachučiti us.
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ali mislim da nas mogu naučiti nečemu bitnome.
16:38
I invitepozvati all of you to think about the innovationsinovacije
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Pozivam vas sve da razmislite o inovacijama
16:41
that you're interestedzainteresiran in,
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koje vas zanimaju,
16:44
the machinesstrojevi that you wishželja for,
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strojevima koje želite
16:47
and think about what they mightmoć be tellingreći you,
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i promislite što bi vam mogli reći,
16:50
because I have a hunchpredosjećaj
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jer imam osjećaj
16:52
that manymnogi of our technologicaltehnološki innovationsinovacije,
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da nas mnoge naše tehnološke inovacije,
16:54
the devicesuređaji we dreamsan about,
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uređaji o kojima sanjamo,
16:57
can inspirenadahnuti us to be better humansljudi.
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mogu potaknuti da postanemo bolji ljudi.
17:01
Thank you. (ApplausePljesak)
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Hvala. (Pljesak)
Translated by Kristina Loncar
Reviewed by Katarina Smetko

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Goldberg - Roboticist
Ken Goldberg works reflect the intersection of robotics, social media, and art.

Why you should listen

Ken Goldberg is a Professor of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research in Robotics, Automation, and New Media at UC Berkeley and holds a position at UC San Francisco Medical School where he researches medical applications for robotics. Born in Nigeria and raised in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Ken hold degrees in Electrical Engineering and Economics from the University of Pennsylvania and received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University. He is widely recognized as an engineer, a teacher, and an artist – receiving the Joseph F. Engelberger Robotics Award in 2000, the IEEE Major Educational Innovation Award in 2001, and Isadora Duncan Award in 2006 for his Ballet Mori project, performed by the San Francisco Ballet. His works have been exhibited at the Whitney Biennial in New York City, the Pompidou Centre in Paris, and the Ars Electronica in Linz. His book, The Robot in the Garden, was published in March of 2000 by the MIT Press.

More profile about the speaker
Ken Goldberg | Speaker | TED.com