TEDSalon NY2014
Nick Hanauer: Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming
Nick Hanauer: Čuvajte se, kolege plutokrati, dolaze vile
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Nick Hanauer je bogati čovjek, nepokolebljivi kapitalist — i ima nešto za reći svojim kolegama plutokratima: Probudite se! Rastuća nejednakost se sprema gurnuti naša društva u stanje koje nalikuje Francuskoj prije revolucije. Poslušajte njegovu raspravu zašto bi dramatično povećanje minimalne plaće moglo povećati srednji sloj, dovesti ekonomsko blagostanje ... i spriječiti revoluciju.
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, author
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
You probably don't know me,
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Vjerojatno me ne poznajete
00:15
but I am one of those .01 percenters
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Ali ja sam jedan od onih 0.1 posto
00:19
that you hear about and read about,
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o kojima slušate i čitate,
00:20
and I am by any reasonable definition a plutocrat.
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i ja sam po bilo kojoj
razumnoj definiciji plutokrat.
razumnoj definiciji plutokrat.
00:25
And tonight, what I would like to do is speak directly
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A večeras,
ono što bih volio je da se obratim izravno
ono što bih volio je da se obratim izravno
00:28
to other plutocrats, to my people,
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drugim plutokratima, mojim ljudima,
00:30
because it feels like it's time for us all
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jer osjećaj je da je vrijeme za sve nas
00:33
to have a chat.
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da porazgovaramo
00:35
Like most plutocrats, I too am a proud
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Kao većina plutokrata, i ja sam ponosan
00:37
and unapologetic capitalist.
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i bezobziran kapitalist
00:40
I have founded, cofounded or funded
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Osnovao sam
ili sam sudjelovao u osnivanju ili financirao
ili sam sudjelovao u osnivanju ili financirao
00:43
over 30 companies across a range of industries.
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više od 30 kompanija u širokom rasponu djelatnosti.
00:47
I was the first non-family investor in Amazon.com.
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Bio sam prvi neobiteljski ulagač u Amazon.com.
00:50
I cofounded a company called aQuantive
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Sudjelovao sam u osnivanju kompanije aQuantive
00:53
that we sold to Microsoft for 6.4 billion dollars.
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koju smo prodali Microsoftu za 6,4 milijarde dolara.
00:57
My friends and I, we own a bank.
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Moji prijatelji i ja, mi posjedujemo banku
01:00
I tell you this — (Laughter) —
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Govorim vam to — (Smijeh) —
01:02
unbelievable, right?
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nevjerojatno, jelda?
01:04
I tell you this to show
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Govorim vam to kako bih pokazao
01:07
that my life is like most plutocrats.
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da je moj život nalik većine plutokrata
01:10
I have a broad perspective on capitalism
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Imam širok pregled kapitalizma
01:13
and business,
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i poslovnog svijeta,
01:15
and I have been rewarded obscenely for that
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i bio sam bestidno nagrađen za to
01:19
with a life that most of you all
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životom koji većina vas
01:21
can't even imagine:
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ne može niti zamisliti:
01:23
multiple homes, a yacht, my own plane,
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više kuća, jahtom, svojim vlastitim avionom,
01:26
etc., etc., etc.
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itd., itd., itd.
01:30
But let's be honest: I am not the
smartest person you've ever met.
smartest person you've ever met.
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Ali budimo iskreni: ja nisam
najpametnija osoba koju ste ikad sreli
najpametnija osoba koju ste ikad sreli
01:33
I am certainly not the hardest working.
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Sigurno nisam najmarljivija.
01:35
I was a mediocre student.
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Bio sam prosječan student.
01:37
I'm not technical at all.
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Nisam u tehnici niti malo.
01:39
I can't write a word of code.
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Ne mogu napisati riječ koda.
01:41
Truly, my success is the consequence
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Zbilja, moj je uspjeh poslijedica
01:44
of spectacular luck,
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spektakularne sreće,
01:47
of birth, of circumstance and of timing.
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u rođenju, u okolnostima i u tajmingu.
01:52
But I am actually pretty good at a couple of things.
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Ali jesam zaista vrlo dobar u nekoliko stvari.
01:56
One, I have an unusually high tolerance for risk,
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Prvo, imam neobičnu visoku trpeljivost na rizik,
02:01
and the other is I have a good sense,
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a druga je što imam dobar osjećaj,
02:03
a good intuition about what will happen in the future,
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dobru intuiciju o tome
što će se desiti u budućnosti,
što će se desiti u budućnosti,
02:06
and I think that that intuition about the future
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a mislim da je ta intuicija o budućnosti
02:09
is the essence of good entrepreneurship.
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srž dobrog poduzetništva.
02:13
So what do I see in our future today,
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Pa što to vidim u našoj budućnosti danas,
02:15
you ask?
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pitate me?
02:17
I see pitchforks,
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Vidim vile,
02:19
as in angry mobs with pitchforks,
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kao u gnjevnoj gomili s vilama,
02:24
because while people like us plutocrats
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jer dok ljudi poput nas plutokrata
02:29
are living beyond the dreams of avarice,
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žive onkraj snova o pohlepi,
02:32
the other 99 percent of our fellow citizens
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ostalih 99 posto naših kolega građana
02:35
are falling farther and farther behind.
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ostaje sve dalje i dalje za nama.
02:38
In 1980, the top one percent of Americans
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1980, gornjih 1% Amerikanaca
02:41
shared about eight percent of national [income],
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je dijelio oko 8% nacionalnog [dohotka],
02:43
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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dok je donjih 50% Amerikanaca
02:46
shared 18 percent.
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dijelilo 18%.
02:48
Thirty years later, today, the top one percent
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Trideset godina kasnije, danas, gornjih 1%
02:52
shares over 20 percent of national [income],
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dijeli preko 20% nacionalnog [dohotka],
02:55
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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Dok donjih 50% Amerikanaca
02:57
share 12 or 13.
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Dijeli 12% ili 13%.
03:00
If the trend continues,
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Ako se trend nastavi,
03:03
the top one percent will share
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Gornjih 1% će dijeliti
03:04
over 30 percent of national [income]
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preko 30% nacionalnog [dohotka]
03:06
in another 30 years,
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u slijedećih 30 godina,
03:08
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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dok će donjih 50% Amerikanaca
03:10
will share just six.
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dijeliti samo 6%.
03:12
You see, the problem isn't that we have
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Vidite, problem nije da imamo
03:14
some inequality.
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nekakvu nejednakost.
03:16
Some inequality is necessary
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Nekakva je nejednakost potrebna
03:19
for a high-functioning capitalist democracy.
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za visoko funkcionirajuću
kapitalističku demokraciju.
kapitalističku demokraciju.
03:22
The problem is that inequality
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Problem je što je nejednakost
03:24
is at historic highs today
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danas na povijesnoj razini
03:27
and it's getting worse every day.
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a postaje sve gora svaki dan.
03:30
And if wealth, power, and income
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A ako se bogatstvo, moć, i dohodak
03:33
continue to concentrate
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nastave koncentrirati
03:35
at the very tippy top,
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na samom vrhu,
03:37
our society will change
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naše će se društvo promijeniti
03:39
from a capitalist democracy
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iz kapitalističke demokracije
03:41
to a neo-feudalist rentier society
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u neofeudalno društvo zakupaca
03:45
like 18th-century France.
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nalik Francuskoj 18. stoljeća.
03:47
That was France
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To je Francuska
03:50
before the revolution
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prije revolucije
03:51
and the mobs with the pitchforks.
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i gnjevne gomile s vilama.
03:53
So I have a message for my fellow plutocrats
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Tako da imam poruku za kolege plutokrate
03:56
and zillionaires
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i zilijunere
03:58
and for anyone who lives
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i za svakog koji živi
03:59
in a gated bubble world:
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u ograđenom mjehuru:
04:02
Wake up.
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Probudite se.
04:03
Wake up. It cannot last.
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Probudite se. Ovo ne može potrajati.
04:07
Because if we do not do something
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Jer ako ne učinimo nešto
04:09
to fix the glaring economic inequities in our society,
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da popravimo bliješteće
ekonomske nejednakosti u našem društvu,
ekonomske nejednakosti u našem društvu,
04:13
the pitchforks will come for us,
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vile će doći po nas,
04:16
for no free and open society can long sustain
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jer nijedno slobodno i
otvoreno društvo ne može dugo izdržati
otvoreno društvo ne može dugo izdržati
04:20
this kind of rising economic inequality.
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ovu vrstu rastuće ekonomske nejednakosti.
04:23
It has never happened. There are no examples.
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Nikad se nije desilo. Nema nikakvih primjera.
04:26
You show me a highly unequal society,
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Pokažite mi visoko nejednako društvo,
04:27
and I will show you a police state
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i ja ću vam pokazati policijsku državu
04:29
or an uprising.
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ili ustanak.
04:31
The pitchforks will come for us
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Vile će doći po nas
04:33
if we do not address this.
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ako to ne riješimo.
04:35
It's not a matter of if, it's when.
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Nije stvar hoće li, nego kada će.
04:39
And it will be terrible when they come
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A bit će strašno kada dođu
04:42
for everyone,
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za sve,
04:44
but particularly for people like us plutocrats.
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ali posebno za ljude poput nas plutokrata.
04:49
I know I must sound like some liberal do-gooder.
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Znam da moram zvučati kao neki liberalni dobrica.
04:52
I'm not. I'm not making a moral argument
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Nisam. Ne zastupam moralni stav
04:54
that economic inequality is wrong.
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da je ekonomska nejednakost nešto krivo.
04:58
What I am arguing is that rising economic inequality
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Tvrdim da je podizanje ekonomske nejednakosti
05:02
is stupid and ultimately self-defeating.
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glupo i u konačnici samoporažavajuće.
05:05
Rising inequality doesn't just increase our risks
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Podizanje ekonomske nejednakosti
ne samo da podiže rizik
ne samo da podiže rizik
05:09
from pitchforks,
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od vila,
05:11
but it's also terrible for business too.
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nego je također i strašno za posao.
05:15
So the model for us rich guys should be Henry Ford.
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Pa bi model za nas
bogatu ekipu trebao biti Henry Ford.
bogatu ekipu trebao biti Henry Ford.
05:19
When Ford famously introduced the $5 day,
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Kad je Ford slavno uveo dan od 5 dolara,
05:23
which was twice the prevailing wage at the time,
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što je bilo duplo od prevladavajuće plaće u to doba,
05:26
he didn't just increase the productivity
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nije samo povećao proizvodnost
05:28
of his factories,
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svojih tvornica,
05:30
he converted exploited autoworkers who were poor
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pretvorio je izrabljene
radnike koji su bili siromašni
radnike koji su bili siromašni
05:33
into a thriving middle class who could now afford
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u cvatuću srednju klasu
koja si je tada mogla priuštiti
koja si je tada mogla priuštiti
05:36
to buy the products that they made.
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da kupi proizvode koje su napravili.
05:39
Ford intuited what we now know is true,
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Ford je intuitivno osjećao
ono što sada znamo da je istina
ono što sada znamo da je istina
05:43
that an economy is best understood as an ecosystem
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Da je ekonomiju najbolje
shvatiti kao ekosustav
shvatiti kao ekosustav
05:47
and characterized by the same kinds
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koji se odlikuje istim vrstama
05:49
of feedback loops you find
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petlji povratnih sprega koje nalazite
05:52
in a natural ecosystem,
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u prirodnom ekosustavu,
05:54
a feedback loop between customers and businesses.
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petlje povratnih sprega
između kupaca i poslova.
između kupaca i poslova.
05:58
Raising wages increases demand,
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Podizanje plaća povećava potražnju,
06:01
which increases hiring,
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koja povećava zapošljavanje,
06:03
which in turn increases wages
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koje potom opet povećava plaće
06:05
and demand and profits,
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i potražnju i prihode,
06:07
and that virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity
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a taj vrli krug povećanja blagostanja
06:12
is precisely what is missing
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je točno ono što nedostaje
06:14
from today's economic recovery.
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iz današnjeg ekonomskog oporavka.
06:19
And this is why we need to put behind us
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I to je zašto moramo ostaviti iza sebe
06:24
the trickle-down policies that so dominate
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politike slijevanja odozgo koje toliko gospodare
06:28
both political parties
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u obje političke stranke
06:30
and embrace something I call middle-out economics.
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i prigrliti nešto što nazivam srednje-van ekonomijom.
06:33
Middle-out economics rejects
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Srednje-van ekonomija odbacuje
06:35
the neoclassical economic idea
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neoklasičnu ekonomsku ideju
06:38
that economies are efficient, linear, mechanistic,
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da su ekonomije učinkovite,
linearne, mehanicističke,
linearne, mehanicističke,
06:42
that they tend towards equilibrium and fairness,
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da teže ka ravnoteži i poštenju,
06:45
and instead embraces the 21st-century idea
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i umjesto njih
prihvaća ideju iz 21 stoljeća
prihvaća ideju iz 21 stoljeća
06:49
that economies are complex, adaptive,
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da su ekonomije složene, prilagodljive,
06:52
ecosystemic,
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ekosistemske,
06:54
that they tend away from
equilibrium and toward inequality,
equilibrium and toward inequality,
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da teže od ravnoteže i ka nejednakosti,
06:58
that they're not efficient at all
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da uopće nisu učinkovite
06:59
but are effective if well managed.
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ali su djelotvorne
ako se njima upravlja dobro.
ako se njima upravlja dobro.
07:03
This 21st-century perspective
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Ovaj vidik iz 21. stoljeća
07:06
allows you to clearly see that capitalism
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omogućuje vam da jasno vidite kako kapitalizam
07:09
does not work by [efficiently] allocating
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ne radi [uspješno] raspodjeljujući
07:12
existing resources.
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postojeće resurse.
07:14
It works by [efficiently] creating new solutions
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Radi [uspješno] stvarajući nova rješenja
07:20
to human problems.
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ljudskim problemima.
07:22
The genius of capitalism
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Genij kapitalizma
07:24
is that it is an evolutionary solution-finding system.
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je da je on evolucionarni
sustav za nalaženje rješenja
sustav za nalaženje rješenja
07:29
It rewards people for solving
other people's problems.
other people's problems.
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Nagrađuje ljude za
rješavanje problema drugih ljudi
rješavanje problema drugih ljudi
07:35
The difference between a poor society
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Razlika između siromašnog društva
07:38
and a rich society, obviously,
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i bogatog društva, očito,
07:40
is the degree to which that society
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je stupanj do kojeg je to društvo
07:43
has generated solutions in the form
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stvorilo rješenja u obliku
07:45
of products for its citizens.
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proizvoda za svoje građane.
07:48
The sum of the solutions
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Zbroj rješenja
07:49
that we have in our society
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koje imamo u svojem društvu
07:51
really is our prosperity, and this explains
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je naše stvarno blagostanje,
i to objašnjava
i to objašnjava
07:54
why companies like Google and Amazon
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zašto su kompanije poput Googla i Amazona
07:56
and Microsoft and Apple
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i Microsofta i Applea
07:58
and the entrepreneurs who created those companies
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i poduzetnici koji su stvorili te kompanije
08:01
have contributed so much
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toliko doprinijeli
08:05
to our nation's prosperity.
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blagostanju naše nacije.
08:08
This 21st-century perspective
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Ova perspektiva 21-og stoljeća
08:10
also makes clear
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također jasno pokazuje
08:13
that what we think of as economic growth
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da ono o čemu razmišljamo
kao o ekonomskom rastu
kao o ekonomskom rastu
08:15
is best understood as
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je najbolje razumjeti kao
08:17
the rate at which we solve problems.
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brzinu kojom rješavamo probleme
08:20
But that rate is totally dependent upon
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Ali ta je brzina posve ovisna o tome
08:23
how many problem solvers —
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koliko rješavatelja problema —
08:27
diverse, able problem solvers — we have,
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različitih, sposobnih rješavatelja problema — imamo,
08:29
and thus how many of our fellow citizens
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a time koliko naših kolega građana
08:32
actively participate,
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aktivno sudjeluje,
08:34
both as entrepreneurs who can offer solutions,
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jednako kao poduzetnici koji mogu ponuditi rješenja
08:38
and as customers who consume them.
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i kao kupci koji ih koriste.
08:42
But this maximizing participation thing
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Ali ta stvar sa maksimizacijom sudjelovanja
08:46
doesn't happen by accident.
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se ne događa slučajno.
08:47
It doesn't happen by itself.
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1969
Ne događa se sama od sebe.
08:49
It requires effort and investment,
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3729
Zahtjeva trud i ulaganje,
08:53
which is why all
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što je zašto su sve
08:56
highly prosperous capitalist democracies
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3231
vrlo imućne kapitalističke demokracije
08:59
are characterized by massive investments
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2549
karakterizirane velikim ulaganjima
09:01
in the middle class and the infrastructure
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2565
u srednji sloj i infrastrukturu
09:04
that they depend on.
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2868
o kojoj ovise.
09:07
We plutocrats need to get this
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535240
1999
Mi plutokrati moramo ostaviti tu
09:09
trickle-down economics thing behind us,
188
537239
3139
stvar sa ekonomijom
'slijevanja odozgo' iza sebe,
'slijevanja odozgo' iza sebe,
09:12
this idea that the better we do,
189
540378
1906
tu ideju da što bolje ide nama,
09:14
the better everyone else will do.
190
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2667
to će bolje ići svima.
09:16
It's not true. How could it be?
191
544951
3920
To nije istina. Kako bi moglo biti?
09:20
I earn 1,000 times the median wage,
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4128
Zarađujem 1000 puta prosječnu plaću,
09:24
but I do not buy 1,000 times as much stuff,
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2925
ali ne kupujem 1000 puta toliko stvari,
09:27
do I?
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555924
1064
kupujem li?
09:28
I actually bought two pairs of these pants,
195
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3188
Zapravo sam kupio dva para ovih hlača,
09:32
what my partner Mike calls
196
560176
1934
koje moj partner Mike zove
09:34
my manager pants.
197
562110
1515
moje menadžerske hlače.
09:35
I could have bought 2,000 pairs,
198
563625
2936
Mogao sam kupiti 2000 pari,
09:38
but what would I do with them? (Laughter)
199
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3066
ali što bih radio s njima? (Smijeh)
09:41
How many haircuts can I get?
200
569627
3029
Koliko puta se mogu šišati?
09:44
How often can I go out to dinner?
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3705
Koliko često mogu izaći na večeru?
09:48
No matter how wealthy a few plutocrats get,
202
576361
4073
Bez obzira koliko bogato
par plutokrata može postati,
par plutokrata može postati,
09:52
we can never drive a great national economy.
203
580434
3544
nikad ne možemo pokretati
veliku državnu ekonomiju.
veliku državnu ekonomiju.
09:55
Only a thriving middle class can do that.
204
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5693
Jedino uspješan srednji sloj to može.
10:01
There's nothing to be done,
205
589671
1697
Ništa se ne može učiniti,
10:03
my plutocrat friends might say.
206
591368
4141
moji plutokratski prijatelji bi mogli reći.
10:07
Henry Ford was in a different time.
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595509
3204
Henry Ford je bio u drugačije vrijeme.
10:10
Maybe we can't do some things.
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598713
2274
Možda ne možemo učiniti neke stvari.
10:12
Maybe we can do some things.
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600987
2936
Možda možemo učiniti neke stvari.
10:15
June 19, 2013,
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3861
19. lipnja 2013.
10:19
Bloomberg published an article I wrote called
211
607784
3433
Bloomberg objavljuje članak
koji sam napisao, naslova
koji sam napisao, naslova
10:23
"The Capitalist’s Case for a $15 Minimum Wage."
212
611217
4933
"Kapitalistovo potraživanje
minimalne plaće od 15$"
minimalne plaće od 15$"
10:28
The good people at Forbes magazine,
213
616150
2922
Dobri ljudi u časopisu Forbes,
10:31
among my biggest admirers,
214
619072
2198
među mojim većim obožavateljima,
10:33
called it "Nick Hanauer's near-insane proposal."
215
621270
4720
nazvali su ga:
"Nick Hanauerov gotovo sumanuti prijedlog"
"Nick Hanauerov gotovo sumanuti prijedlog"
10:37
And yet, just 350 days
216
625990
3229
Pa ipak, samo 350 dana
10:41
after that article was published,
217
629219
2576
nakon što je članak objavljen,
10:43
Seattle's Mayor Ed Murray signed into law
218
631795
2949
gradonačelnik Seattle-a Ed Murray je potpisao
10:46
an ordinance raising the minimum wage in Seattle
219
634744
3766
kao zakon odredbu koja povećava
minimalnu plaću u Seattle-u
minimalnu plaću u Seattle-u
10:50
to 15 dollars an hour,
220
638510
1688
na 15 dolara po satu,
10:52
more than double
221
640198
1440
više nego dvostruko
10:53
what the prevailing federal $7.25 rate is.
222
641638
4692
od federalno prevladavajuće stope od 7,25$
10:58
How did this happen,
223
646330
1780
Kako se to dogodilo,
11:00
reasonable people might ask.
224
648110
2085
razumni se ljudi mogu zapitati.
11:02
It happened because a group of us
225
650195
1668
Dogodilo se jer je grupa nas
11:03
reminded the middle class
226
651863
1364
podsjetila srednji sloj
11:05
that they are the source
227
653227
1651
da su oni izvor
11:06
of growth and prosperity in capitalist economies.
228
654878
3666
rasta i blagostanja
u kapitalističkim ekonomijama
u kapitalističkim ekonomijama
11:10
We reminded them that when
workers have more money,
workers have more money,
229
658544
3566
Podsjetili smo ih kako
kad radnici imaju više novca,
kad radnici imaju više novca,
11:14
businesses have more customers,
230
662110
1712
poslovi imaju više kupaca,
11:15
and need more employees.
231
663822
1982
i trebaju više djelatnika.
11:17
We reminded them that when businesses
232
665804
2686
Podsjetili smo ih da kad poslovi
11:20
pay workers a living wage,
233
668490
2720
plaćaju radnicima dobru plaću,
11:23
taxpayers are relieved of the burden
234
671210
1892
porezni su obveznici rasterećeni
11:25
of funding the poverty programs
235
673102
1710
od plaćanja programa za siromašne
11:26
like food stamps and medical assistance
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674812
2902
poput bonova za hranu i medicinske pomoći
11:29
and rent assistance
237
677714
1710
i stambene pomoći
11:31
that those workers need.
238
679424
2396
koju ti radnici trebaju.
11:33
We reminded them that low-wage workers
239
681820
2964
Podsjetili smo ih da slabo plaćeni radnici
11:36
make terrible taxpayers,
240
684784
2326
čine užasne porezne platiše,
11:39
and that when you raise the minimum wage
241
687110
2018
i da kad povećate minimalnu plaću
11:41
for all businesses,
242
689128
2125
za sve poslove,
11:43
all businesses benefit
243
691253
1667
svi poslovi se okoriste
11:44
yet all can compete.
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692920
2731
a ipak se svi mogu natjecati.
11:47
Now the orthodox reaction, of course,
245
695651
1721
Sad ortodoksna reakcija, naravno
11:49
is raising the minimum wage costs jobs. Right?
246
697372
3803
je kako povećanje minimalca košta. Jel tako?
11:53
Your politician's always echoing
247
701175
2588
Vaši političari uvijek ponavljaju
11:55
that trickle-down idea by saying things like,
248
703763
3092
tu ideju slijevanja odozgo govoreći stvari poput
11:58
"Well, if you raise the price of employment,
249
706855
2093
"Pa, ako povećate cijenu uposlenja,
12:00
guess what happens? You get less of it."
250
708948
2792
pogodite što se dogodi? Dobijete ga manje."
12:03
Are you sure?
251
711740
2430
Jeste li sigurni?
12:06
Because there's some contravening evidence.
252
714170
3653
Jer postoje dokazi za obrnuto.
12:09
Since 1980, the wages of CEOs in our country
253
717823
4759
Od 1980, direktorske plaće u ovoj zemlji
12:14
have gone from about 30 times the median wage
254
722582
2268
su otišle od veličine oko 30 prosjećnih plaća
12:16
to 500 times.
255
724850
2272
do veličine 500 .
12:19
That's raising the price of employment.
256
727122
3168
To je povećanje cijene uposlenja.
12:22
And yet, to my knowledge,
257
730290
2972
Pa ipak, koliko mi je poznato,
12:25
I have never seen a company
258
733262
2172
nikad nisam vidio da je kompanija
12:27
outsource its CEO's job, automate their job,
259
735434
3746
izmjestila posao direktora, automatizirala ga,
12:31
export the job to China.
260
739180
2087
izvezla posao u Kinu.
12:33
In fact, we appear to be employing
261
741267
2026
Zapravo, izgleda da upošljavamo
12:35
more CEOs and senior managers than ever before.
262
743293
3222
više direktora i
starijih poslovođa nego ikad prije
starijih poslovođa nego ikad prije
12:38
So too for technology workers
263
746515
4190
Također i za tehnologe
12:42
and financial services workers,
264
750705
1826
i djelatnike u financijskim uslugama,
12:44
who earn multiples of the median wage
265
752531
2618
koji zarađuju višestruke prosječne plaće
12:47
and yet we employ more and more of them,
266
755149
2005
pa ih ipak zapošljavamo sve više i više,
12:49
so clearly you can raise the price of employment
267
757154
4896
tako da je jasno da se može
povećati cijenu uposlenja
povećati cijenu uposlenja
12:54
and get more of it.
268
762050
2041
i dobiti ga više.
12:56
I know that most people
269
764091
2584
Znam da većina ljudi
12:58
think that the $15 minimum wage
270
766675
1722
misli da je minimalna plaća od 15$
13:00
is this insane, risky economic experiment.
271
768397
3915
lud, riskantan ekonomski pokus.
13:04
We disagree.
272
772312
1898
Ne slažemo se s time.
13:06
We believe that the $15 minimum wage
273
774210
2474
Vjerujemo da je minimalna plaća od 15$
13:08
in Seattle
274
776684
1266
u Seattleu
13:09
is actually the continuation
275
777950
1853
zapravo nastavak
13:11
of a logical economic policy.
276
779803
2708
logične ekonomske politike.
13:14
It is allowing our city
277
782511
1960
Ona omogućuje našem gradu
13:16
to kick your city's ass.
278
784471
2735
da razlupa vaš grad.
13:19
Because, you see,
279
787206
1759
Jer, vidite,
13:20
Washington state already has
280
788965
1712
država Washington već ima
13:22
the highest minimum wage
281
790677
1493
najvišu minimalnu plaću
13:24
of any state in the nation.
282
792170
1699
među svim zemljama naše nacije.
13:25
We pay all workers $9.32,
283
793869
2261
Plaćamo sve radnike 9,32$,
13:28
which is almost 30 percent more
284
796130
1843
Što je gotovo 30% više
13:29
than the federal minimum of 7.25,
285
797973
2558
od federalnog minimuma od 7,25$,
13:32
but crucially, 427 percent more
286
800531
3953
ali ključno, 427 posto više
13:36
than the federal tipped minimum of 2.13.
287
804484
3586
od najnižeg federalnog minimuma, 2,13$.
13:40
If trickle-down thinkers were right,
288
808070
2616
Kada bi odozgo slijevajući mislioci bili u pravu,
13:42
then Washington state should
have massive unemployment.
have massive unemployment.
289
810686
3112
država Washington bi
morala imati ogromnu nezaposlenost.
morala imati ogromnu nezaposlenost.
13:45
Seattle should be sliding into the ocean.
290
813798
2680
Seattle bi trebao klizati u ocean.
13:48
And yet, Seattle
291
816478
3023
Pa ipak, Seattle
13:51
is the fastest-growing big city in the country.
292
819501
3898
je najbrže rastući veliki grad u zemlji.
13:55
Washington state is generating small business jobs
293
823399
4117
Država Washington stvara poslove u malim poduzećima
13:59
at a higher rate than any other major state
294
827516
2621
višom stopom od bilo koje velike države
14:02
in the nation.
295
830137
1856
u naciji.
14:03
The restaurant business in Seattle? Booming.
296
831993
3904
Restoranski posao u Seattlu? Vrije.
14:07
Why? Because the fundamental law of capitalism is,
297
835897
4388
Zašto? Jer temeljni je zakon kapitalizma,
14:12
when workers have more money,
298
840285
1615
kad radnici imaju više novca,
14:13
businesses have more customers
299
841900
1526
poslovi imaju više mušterija,
14:15
and need more workers.
300
843426
2257
i trebaju više radnika.
14:17
When restaurants pay restaurant workers enough
301
845683
3151
Kad restorani plaćaju radnike u restoranima dovoljno
14:20
so that even they can afford to eat in restaurants,
302
848834
3622
tako da čak i oni mogu jesti u restoranima,
14:24
that's not bad for the restaurant business.
303
852456
2665
to nije loše za restoranski posao.
14:27
That's good for it,
304
855121
1699
To je dobro za njega,
14:28
despite what some restaurateurs may tell you.
305
856820
4579
bez obzira što bi vam neki
vlasnici restorana mogli reći.
vlasnici restorana mogli reći.
14:33
Is it more complicated than I'm making out?
306
861399
2058
Je li to složenije od ovoga kako iznosim?
14:35
Of course it is.
307
863457
997
Naravno da jest.
14:36
There are a lot of dynamics at play.
308
864454
1868
Puno je dinamike u igri.
14:38
But can we please stop insisting
309
866322
2242
Ali možemo li molim prestati navaljivati
14:40
that if low-wage workers earn a little bit more,
310
868564
2801
da ako slabo plaćeni
radnici dobiju malo više,
radnici dobiju malo više,
14:43
unemployment will skyrocket
311
871365
1508
nezaposlenost će uzletjeti do neba
14:44
and the economy will collapse?
312
872873
1328
a ekonomija se srušiti?
14:46
There is no evidence for it.
313
874201
2609
Nema dokaza za to.
14:48
The most insidious thing
314
876810
1231
Najpodmuklija stvar
14:50
about trickle-down economics
315
878041
1847
glede ekonomije slijevanja odozgo
14:51
is not the claim that if the rich get richer,
316
879888
2302
nije tvrdnja da ako bogati postaju bogatiji
14:54
everyone is better off.
317
882190
1537
je svima bolje.
14:55
It is the claim made by those who oppose
318
883727
3061
Nego tvrdnja koju
iznose oni koji se suprotstavljaju
iznose oni koji se suprotstavljaju
14:58
any increase in the minimum wage
319
886788
1902
bilo kakvom povećanju minimalne plaće
15:00
that if the poor get richer,
320
888690
1855
da ako siromašni postanu bogatiji,
15:02
that will be bad for the economy.
321
890545
2217
to će biti loše za ekonomiju.
15:04
This is nonsense.
322
892762
1980
To je besmislica.
15:06
So can we please dispense with this rhetoric
323
894742
3865
Pa možemo li molim
prekinuti s tom retorikom
prekinuti s tom retorikom
15:10
that says that rich guys like me
324
898607
2343
koja govori da su bogati momci poput mene
15:12
and my plutocrat friends
325
900950
2854
i mojih plutokratskih prijatelja
15:15
made our country?
326
903804
2573
napravili ovi zemlju?
15:18
We plutocrats know,
327
906377
2075
Mi plutokrati znamo,
15:20
even if we don't like to admit it in public,
328
908452
1624
čak i ako ne volimo to javno priznati,
15:22
that if we had been born somewhere else,
329
910076
2669
kako da smo se rodili negdje drugdje,
15:24
not here in the United States,
330
912745
1897
a ne ovdje u Sjedinjenim državama,
15:26
we might very well be just some dude standing barefoot
331
914642
2860
mogli bi isto tako biti neki bosonogi likovi koji stoje
15:29
by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
332
917502
3150
pored prašnjave ceste i prodaju voće.
15:32
It's not that they don't have good
entrepreneurs in other places,
entrepreneurs in other places,
333
920652
2531
Nije da nemaju dobre
poduzetnike u drugim mjestima,
poduzetnike u drugim mjestima,
15:35
even very, very poor places.
334
923183
2025
čak i vrlo, vrlo siromašnim mjestima.
15:37
It's just that that's all
335
925208
1552
Jednostavno je stvar u tome da je to sve
15:38
that those entrepreneurs' customers can afford.
336
926760
4536
što si mušterije tog poduzetnika mogu priuštiti.
15:43
So here's an idea for a new kind of economics,
337
931296
4599
Pa evo ideje za novu vrstu ekonomije,
15:47
a new kind of politics
338
935895
1547
novu vrstu politike
15:49
that I call new capitalism.
339
937442
2887
koju zovem novi kapitalizam.
15:52
Let's acknowledge that capitalism
340
940329
2472
Priznajmo da kapitalizam
15:54
beats the alternatives,
341
942801
1797
nadmašuje alternativu,
15:56
but also that the more people we include,
342
944598
3997
ali također da što više ljudi uključimo,
16:00
both as entrepreneurs and as customers,
343
948595
3524
jednako kao poduzetnike ili mušterije,
16:04
the better it works.
344
952119
2160
stvar bolje radi.
16:06
Let's by all means shrink the size of government,
345
954279
3786
Smanjimo veličinu
upravnog aparata, svakako,
upravnog aparata, svakako,
16:10
but not by slashing the poverty programs,
346
958065
2719
ali ne križanjem programa za siromašne,
16:12
but by ensuring that workers are paid enough
347
960784
2017
već osiguravanjem
da su radnici dovoljno plaćeni
da su radnici dovoljno plaćeni
16:14
so that they actually don't need those programs.
348
962801
3322
da im takvi programi
zbilja niti ne trebaju.
zbilja niti ne trebaju.
16:18
Let's invest enough in the middle class
349
966123
2917
Uložimo dovoljno u srednji sloj
16:21
to make our economy fairer and more inclusive,
350
969040
3193
da učinimo našu ekonomiju
poštenijom i više uključujućom,
poštenijom i više uključujućom,
16:24
and by fairer, more truly competitive,
351
972233
3934
a pod poštenijom,
više zbiljski takmičarskom
više zbiljski takmičarskom
16:28
and by more truly competitive,
352
976167
1762
a pod više zbiljski takmičarskom
16:29
more able to generate the solutions
353
977929
2816
sposobnijom da stvori rješenja
16:32
to human problems
354
980745
1472
ljudskim problemima
16:34
that are the true drivers of growth and prosperity.
355
982217
5630
koja su pravi upravljači rasta i blagostanja.
16:39
Capitalism is the greatest social technology
356
987847
3273
Kapitalizam je najveća društvena tehnologija
16:43
ever invented
357
991120
1469
ikad izmišljena
16:44
for creating prosperity in human societies,
358
992589
2862
za stvaranje blagostanja
u ljudskim društvima,
u ljudskim društvima,
16:47
if it is well managed,
359
995451
1734
ako se njome dobro upravlja,
16:49
but capitalism, because of the fundamental
360
997185
3171
ali kapitalizam, zbog temeljne
16:52
multiplicative dynamics of complex systems,
361
1000356
2765
višestrukosti dinamika
u kompleksnim sustavima
u kompleksnim sustavima
16:55
tends towards, inexorably, inequality,
362
1003121
3528
teži ka, neumoljivo, nejednakosti,
16:58
concentration and collapse.
363
1006649
4421
zgušnjavanju i kolapsu.
17:03
The work of democracies
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2448
Posao demokracija
17:05
is to maximize the inclusion of the many
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1013518
4503
je da svedu na
najveću mjeru uključenost mnogih
najveću mjeru uključenost mnogih
17:10
in order to create prosperity,
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2977
da bi stvorile blagostanje,
17:12
not to enable the few to accumulate money.
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1020998
3922
ne da omoguće nekolicini da nagomila novac.
17:16
Government does create prosperity and growth,
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1024920
3100
Upravni aparat zbilja stvara blagostanje i rast,
17:20
by creating the conditions that allow
369
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3226
stvarajući uvjete koji dopuštaju
17:23
both entrepreneurs and their customers
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1031246
2891
jednako poduzetnicima
i njihovim mušterijama
i njihovim mušterijama
17:26
to thrive.
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1845
da uspijevaju.
17:27
Balancing the power of capitalists like me
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1035982
3184
Uravnoteženje moći kapitalista poput mene
17:31
and workers isn't bad for capitalism.
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3172
i radnika nije loše za kapitalizam.
17:34
It's essential to it.
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1800
To je sama njegova srž.
17:36
Programs like a reasonable minimum wage,
375
1044138
2666
Programi poput razumne minimalne plaće,
17:38
affordable healthcare,
376
1046804
2014
dostupne zdravstvene skrbi,
17:40
paid sick leave,
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1303
plaćenog bolovanja,
17:42
and the progressive taxation necessary
378
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3419
i progresivno oporezivanje nužno
17:45
to pay for the important infrastructure
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2196
da platiza plaćanje važne infrastrukture
17:47
necessary for the middle class like education, R and D,
380
1055736
4051
nužne za srednji sloj poput
obrazovanja, istraživanja i razvoja,
obrazovanja, istraživanja i razvoja,
17:51
these are indispensable tools
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1059787
2566
to su neophodna oruđa
17:54
shrewd capitalists should embrace
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2109
koje bi lukav kapitalist trebao prigrliti
17:56
to drive growth, because no one benefits from it
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3986
da pokrene rast,
jer nikome ne koriste toliko
jer nikome ne koriste toliko
18:00
like us.
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1646
koliko nama.
18:02
Many economists would have you believe
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2248
Brojni ekonomisti bi vas uvjerili
18:04
that their field is an objective science.
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3080
da je njihovo polje objektivna znanost.
18:07
I disagree, and I think that it is equally
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2847
Ne slažem se, i mislim da je to jednako
18:10
a tool that humans use
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2069
oruđe koje ljudi koriste
18:12
to enforce and encode
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1889
da provedu i propišu
18:14
our social and moral preferences and prejudices
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3576
naša društvena i moralna preimućstva i predrasude
18:17
about status and power,
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3902
o statusu i moći,
18:21
which is why plutocrats like me
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2277
što je zašto su plutokrati poput mene
18:23
have always needed to find persuasive stories
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1091982
4006
uvijek morali iznalaziti uvjerljive priče
18:27
to tell everyone else
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1674
koje mogu pričaju svima drugima
18:29
about why our relative positions
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4114
o tome zašto su naše relativne pozicije
18:33
are morally righteous and good for everyone:
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1101776
4132
moralno ispravne i dobre za sve:
18:37
like, we are indispensable, the job creators,
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4275
kao, mi smo nezamjenjivi, stvaratelji poslova,
18:42
and you are not;
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2362
a vi niste;
18:44
like, tax cuts for us create growth,
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1112545
3386
kao, naše porezne olakšice stvaraju rast,
18:47
but investments in you
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1115931
2014
ali ulaganje u vas
18:49
will balloon our debt
401
1117945
1676
će napumpati naš dug
18:51
and bankrupt our great country;
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1119621
2508
i bankrotirati našu divnu zemlju;
18:54
that we matter;
403
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1868
da smo mi od značaja;
18:55
that you don't.
404
1123997
2351
da vi niste.
18:58
For thousands of years, these stories were called
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2643
Kroz tisuće godina, te su se priče zvale
19:00
divine right.
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1128991
1448
božansko pravo.
19:02
Today, we have trickle-down economics.
407
1130439
4254
Danas, imamo odozgo slijevajuću ekonomiju.
19:06
How obviously, transparently self-serving
408
1134693
3883
Kako je očito, providno samoživo
19:10
all of this is.
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1138576
1594
sve ovo.
19:12
We plutocrats need to see
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2782
Mi plutokrati moramo vidjeti
19:14
that the United States of America made us,
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2353
da su nas stvorile
Sjedinjene Američke Države,
Sjedinjene Američke Države,
19:17
not the other way around;
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1145305
1684
ne obrnuto;
19:18
that a thriving middle class is the source
413
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2838
Da je uspješna srednja klasa izvor
19:21
of prosperity in capitalist economies,
414
1149827
2296
blagostanja u kapitalističkim ekonomijama,
19:24
not a consequence of it.
415
1152123
2639
ne njihova poslijedica.
19:26
And we should never forget
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2691
I ne smijemo nikada zaboraviti
19:29
that even the best of us in
the worst of circumstances
the worst of circumstances
417
1157453
3695
da i najbolji među nama
u najgorim okolnostima
u najgorim okolnostima
19:33
are barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
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5734
stoje bosonogi pored ceste i prodaju voće.
19:38
Fellow plutocrats, I think it may be time for us
419
1166882
2614
Kolege plutokrati, mislim
da je vrijeme za nas
da je vrijeme za nas
Da se iznova posvetimo svojoj zemlji,
19:41
to recommit to our country,
420
1169496
2203
19:43
to commit to a new kind of capitalism
421
1171699
2562
da se posvetimo novoj vrsti kapitalizma
19:46
which is both more inclusive and more effective,
422
1174261
4354
koji je istovremeno uključiviji i djelotvorniji,
19:50
a capitalism that will ensure
423
1178615
2058
kapitalizam koji će osigurati
19:52
that America's economy remains
424
1180673
3161
da američka ekonomija ostane
19:55
the most dynamic and prosperous in the world.
425
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3386
najdinamičnija i najimućnija na svijetu.
19:59
Let's secure the future for ourselves,
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1187220
2160
Osigurajmo budućnost za sebe,
20:01
our children and their children.
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1189380
2734
svoju djecu i njihovu djecu.
20:04
Or alternatively, we could do nothing,
428
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3048
Ili alternativno, možemo ništa ne učiniti,
20:07
hide in our gated communities
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2081
sakriti se u svoje ograđene zajednice
20:09
and private schools,
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1197243
2857
i privatne škole,
20:12
enjoy our planes and yachts
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1200100
2036
uživati u svojim avionima i jahtama
20:14
— they're fun —
432
1202136
2340
— one su zabavne —
20:16
and wait for the pitchforks.
433
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1811
i čekati vile.
20:18
Thank you.
434
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1523
Hvala.
20:19
(Applause)
435
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1647
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, authorNick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats.
Why you should listen
Nick Hanauer has founded, co-founded and funded more than 30 companies across a range of industries, with a pretty notable record of success. As a few highlights, he cofounded a company called aQuantive that sold to Microsoft for $6.4 billion, and was the first non-family investor in Amazon.
Meanwhile Hanauer, a “proud and unapologetic capitalist,” has also been looking closely at society’s growing inequality gap, and the consequences it holds for our shared destiny — and the ultimate fate of our democracies. In 2007, he and civic activist Eric Liu co-wrote the book The True Patriot, an examination of progressive patriotism. This was followed by 2011’s The Gardens of Democracy, also with Liu, a vision for “growing” good citizens.
In 2013, Hanauer published a commentary in Bloomberg BusinessWeek proposing a $15 minimum wage (a suggestion that Seattle acted on this year). Early in 2014, he and Eric Beinhocker published "Capitalism, Redefined." In the summer of 2014, Hanauer published a much-shared essay in Politico that suggests, if societal inequality is allowed to grow unchecked, modern societies could start looking an awful lot like pre-Revolutionary France.
He is working on a new book, due out in 2015.
Nick Hanauer | Speaker | TED.com