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Michael Rubinstein: See invisible motion, hear silent sounds
Michael Rubinstein: Pogledajte nevidljivi pokreti, poslušajte nečujne zvukove. Zgodno ili pak jezivo? Ne znamo ni mi
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Upoznajte "mikroskop za pokrete", alat za obradu snimaka koji reproducira majušne promjene u pokretu i boji koje su nevidljive golim okom. Istraživač videa Michael Rubinstein pokazuje nam niz zapanjujućih snimaka koje pokazuju kako ova tehnologija može pratiti puls i otkucaje srca pojedinca samo na temelju snimke. Gledajte kako reproducira razgovor pojačavajući pokrete zvučnih valova koji se odbijaju od vrećice čipsa. To je oduševljenja vrijedna, a opet pomalo zlokobna primjena ove tehnologije u koju nećete vjerovati dok je ne vidite vlastitim očima.
Michael Rubinstein - Research scientist, Google
Computer scientist Michael Rubinstein and his team have developed a "motion microscope" that can show video footage of barely perceivable movements, like breaths and heartbeats. Full bio
Computer scientist Michael Rubinstein and his team have developed a "motion microscope" that can show video footage of barely perceivable movements, like breaths and heartbeats. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So over the past few centuries,
microscopes have revolutionized our world.
microscopes have revolutionized our world.
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Tijekom posljednjih stoljeća
mikroskopi su promijenili naš svijet.
mikroskopi su promijenili naš svijet.
00:21
They revealed to us a tiny world
of objects, life and structures
of objects, life and structures
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Otkrili su nam maleni svijet
predmeta, života i struktura
predmeta, života i struktura
00:26
that are too small for us
to see with our naked eyes.
to see with our naked eyes.
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koje su premale
da bismo ih vidjeli golim okom.
da bismo ih vidjeli golim okom.
00:29
They are a tremendous contribution
to science and technology.
to science and technology.
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One su ogroman doprinos
znanosti i tehnologiji.
znanosti i tehnologiji.
00:32
Today I'd like to introduce you
to a new type of microscope,
to a new type of microscope,
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Danas vam želim predstaviti
novu vrstu mikroskopa -
novu vrstu mikroskopa -
00:35
a microscope for changes.
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mikroskop za promjene.
00:37
It doesn't use optics
like a regular microscope
like a regular microscope
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Ne koristi optiku
kao običan mikroskop
kao običan mikroskop
00:40
to make small objects bigger,
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koji uvećava manje objekte,
00:42
but instead it uses a video camera
and image processing
and image processing
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već koristi video-kameru
i prerađuje sliku
i prerađuje sliku
00:47
to reveal to us the tiniest motions
and color changes in objects and people,
and color changes in objects and people,
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ne bi li nam otkrio najmanje pokrete
i promjene boje predmeta i ljudi,
i promjene boje predmeta i ljudi,
00:52
changes that are impossible
for us to see with our naked eyes.
for us to see with our naked eyes.
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pokrete koje je nemoguće
vidjeti golim okom.
vidjeti golim okom.
00:56
And it lets us look at our world
in a completely new way.
in a completely new way.
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to nam omogućava da svijet
promotrimo na potpuno nov način.
promotrimo na potpuno nov način.
01:00
So what do I mean by color changes?
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Na što mislim pod "promjene u boji"?
01:02
Our skin, for example,
changes its color very slightly
changes its color very slightly
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Npr. naša koža gotovo
nezamjetno mijenja boju
nezamjetno mijenja boju
01:05
when the blood flows under it.
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dok krv teče ispod nje.
01:07
That change is incredibly subtle,
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To je izuzetno neprimjetna promjena,
01:09
which is why, when you
look at other people,
look at other people,
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a upravo zato kada gledate druge ljude,
01:11
when you look at the person
sitting next to you,
sitting next to you,
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kada gledate osobu koja sjedi do vas,
01:13
you don't see their skin
or their face changing color.
or their face changing color.
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ne vidite kako njezina koža
ili njezino lice mijenja boju.
ili njezino lice mijenja boju.
01:17
When we look at this video of Steve here,
it appears to us like a static picture,
it appears to us like a static picture,
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Kada gledamo ovaj video o Steveu,
izgleda nam kao statična slika,
izgleda nam kao statična slika,
01:21
but once we look at this video
through our new, special microscope,
through our new, special microscope,
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ali nakon što ga pogledamo
kroz naš nov, poseban mikroskop,
kroz naš nov, poseban mikroskop,
01:25
suddenly we see
a completely different image.
a completely different image.
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odjednom vidimo sasvim drugačiju sliku.
01:28
What you see here are small changes
in the color of Steve's skin,
in the color of Steve's skin,
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Ovdje vidite male promjene
u Steveovoj boji kože
u Steveovoj boji kože
01:32
magnified 100 times
so that they become visible.
so that they become visible.
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koja je povećana 100 puta
ne bi li te promjene postale vidljive.
ne bi li te promjene postale vidljive.
01:36
We can actually see a human pulse.
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Možemo zaista vidjeti čovjekov puls.
01:39
We can see how fast
Steve's heart is beating,
Steve's heart is beating,
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Možemo vidjeti koliko brzo
kuca Steveovo srce,
kuca Steveovo srce,
01:43
but we can also see the actual way
that the blood flows in his face.
that the blood flows in his face.
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ali možemo vidjeti i kako mu točno
krv teče u lice.
krv teče u lice.
01:48
And we can do that not just
to visualize the pulse,
to visualize the pulse,
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To možemo učiniti ne samo
za vizualizaciju pulsa
za vizualizaciju pulsa
01:51
but also to actually
recover our heart rates,
recover our heart rates,
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nego i za umirivanje otkucaja srca
01:54
and measure our heart rates.
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i mjerenje brzine njegova otkucaja.
01:56
And we can do it with regular cameras
and without touching the patients.
and without touching the patients.
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To možemo učiniti pomoću običnih
kamera, bez da uopće dotaknemo pacijenta.
kamera, bez da uopće dotaknemo pacijenta.
02:00
So here you see the pulse and heart rate
we extracted from a neonatal baby
we extracted from a neonatal baby
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Ovdje vidite puls i otkucaje srca
neonatalne bebe izvučenog
neonatalne bebe izvučenog
02:06
from a video we took
with a regular DSLR camera,
with a regular DSLR camera,
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iz videa snimljenog
običnom DSLR-kamerom,
običnom DSLR-kamerom,
02:09
and the heart rate measurement we get
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a broj otkucaja srca jednako je
02:11
is as accurate as the one you'd get
with a standard monitor in a hospital.
with a standard monitor in a hospital.
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precizan kao i onaj kojeg dobijete
klasičnim pregledom u bolnici.
klasičnim pregledom u bolnici.
02:16
And it doesn't even have to be
a video we recorded.
a video we recorded.
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To čak ne mora biti ni video
koji smo mi osobno snimili.
koji smo mi osobno snimili.
02:18
We can do it essentially
with other videos as well.
with other videos as well.
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Možemo to učiniti i s drugim videima.
02:21
So I just took a short clip
from "Batman Begins" here
from "Batman Begins" here
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Ovdje imam kratki isječak
iz filma "Batman: Početak",
iz filma "Batman: Početak",
02:25
just to show Christian Bale's pulse.
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samo da vam pokažem Baleov puls.
02:27
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:29
And you know, presumably
he's wearing makeup,
he's wearing makeup,
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Samo da znate, vjerojatno je našminkan,
02:31
the lighting here is kind of challenging,
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osvjetljenje je pravi izazov.
02:33
but still, just from the video,
we're able to extract his pulse
we're able to extract his pulse
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a ipak, samo na osnovu snimke
možemo izvući njegov puls
možemo izvući njegov puls
02:36
and show it quite well.
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i prilično ga precizno prikazati.
02:38
So how do we do all that?
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Kako sad to?
02:40
We basically analyze the changes
in the light that are recorded
in the light that are recorded
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Analiziramo snimljene promjene u svjetlu
02:44
at every pixel in the video over time,
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na svakom snimljenom pikselu
02:47
and then we crank up those changes.
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i onda ih dodatno pojačamo.
02:48
We make them bigger
so that we can see them.
so that we can see them.
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Povećamo ih kako bismo ih mogli vidjeti.
02:51
The tricky part is that those signals,
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Problematično je to što su ti signali,
02:52
those changes that we're after,
are extremely subtle,
are extremely subtle,
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te promjene koje tražimo iznimno suptilni
02:55
so we have to be very careful
when you try to separate them
when you try to separate them
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i moramo biti jako oprezni
kad ih pokušavamo razdvojiti
kad ih pokušavamo razdvojiti
02:58
from noise that always exists in videos.
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od buke koje uvijek ima na snimkama.
03:02
So we use some clever
image processing techniques
image processing techniques
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Služimo se pametnim tehnikama
računalne obrade slike
računalne obrade slike
03:05
to get a very accurate measurement
of the color at each pixel in the video,
of the color at each pixel in the video,
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ne bismo li dobili iznimno točna
mjerenja boje na svakom pikselu,
mjerenja boje na svakom pikselu,
03:09
and then the way the color
changes over time,
changes over time,
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a onda i mjerenja postupnih promjena boje
03:12
and then we amplify those changes.
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koje zatim pojačamo.
03:14
We make them bigger to create those types
of enhanced videos, or magnified videos,
of enhanced videos, or magnified videos,
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Povećamo ih ne bismo li stvorili
onakve povećane videe
onakve povećane videe
03:18
that actually show us those changes.
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koji uistinu pokazuju te promjene,
03:21
But it turns out we can do that
not just to show tiny changes in color,
not just to show tiny changes in color,
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ali ispada da to nije dobro samo za
malene promjene u boji
malene promjene u boji
03:25
but also tiny motions,
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već i za malene pokrete,
03:27
and that's because the light
that gets recorded in our cameras
that gets recorded in our cameras
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a to je zato što će se svjetlo
koje naše kamere snimaju
koje naše kamere snimaju
03:31
will change not only if the color
of the object changes,
of the object changes,
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promijeniti ne samo ako se
boja predmeta promijeni
boja predmeta promijeni
03:33
but also if the object moves.
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već i ako se predmet pokrene.
03:36
So this is my daughter
when she was about two months old.
when she was about two months old.
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Ovo je moja kćer s otprilike dva mjeseca.
03:39
It's a video I recorded
about three years ago.
about three years ago.
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Video je snimljen prije neke tri godine.
03:42
And as new parents, we all want
to make sure our babies are healthy,
to make sure our babies are healthy,
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Kao mladi roditelji svi mi želimo
da nam djeca budu zdrava,
da nam djeca budu zdrava,
03:46
that they're breathing,
that they're alive, of course.
that they're alive, of course.
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da dišu i, naravno, da su živa.
03:48
So I too got one of those baby monitors
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Stoga sam i ja nabavio "baby monitor"
03:50
so that I could see my daughter
when she was asleep.
when she was asleep.
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ne bih li pazio na kćer i dok spava.
03:53
And this is pretty much what you'll see
with a standard baby monitor.
with a standard baby monitor.
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Sve to imate i na klasičnom baby monitoru.
03:56
You can see the baby's sleeping, but
there's not too much information there.
there's not too much information there.
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Vidite da dijete spava, ali nemate
nikakvih dodatnih informacija.
nikakvih dodatnih informacija.
04:00
There's not too much we can see.
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Nema se baš što vidjeti.
04:02
Wouldn't it be better,
or more informative, or more useful,
or more informative, or more useful,
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Ne bi li bilo bolje,
informativnije i korisnije
informativnije i korisnije
04:04
if instead we could look
at the view like this.
at the view like this.
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kad bismo mogli vidjeti ovo?
04:07
So here I took the motions
and I magnified them 30 times,
and I magnified them 30 times,
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Pokrete sam uvećao trideset puta.
04:14
and then I could clearly see that my
daughter was indeed alive and breathing.
daughter was indeed alive and breathing.
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Po njima sam jasno vidio
da mi je kćer živa i da diše.
da mi je kćer živa i da diše.
04:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:20
Here is a side-by-side comparison.
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Ovdje imamo usporedni prikaz.
04:22
So again, in the source video,
in the original video,
in the original video,
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Kao što sam već rekao,
u originalnom videu
u originalnom videu
04:24
there's not too much we can see,
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nema se baš što vidjeti,
04:26
but once we magnify the motions,
the breathing becomes much more visible.
the breathing becomes much more visible.
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no kada uvećamo pokrete,
disanje postaje uočljivije.
disanje postaje uočljivije.
04:30
And it turns out, there's
a lot of phenomena
a lot of phenomena
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Izgleda da ima mnogo fenomena
04:32
we can reveal and magnify
with our new motion microscope.
with our new motion microscope.
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koje možemo otkriti i povećati
našim novim mikroskopom za pokret.
našim novim mikroskopom za pokret.
04:35
We can see how our veins and arteries
are pulsing in our bodies.
are pulsing in our bodies.
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Možemo vidjeti kako nam vene
i arterije pulsiraju tijelom.
i arterije pulsiraju tijelom.
04:40
We can see that our eyes
are constantly moving
are constantly moving
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Možemo vidjeti kako nam se oči
04:42
in this wobbly motion.
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ljuljuškaju.
04:44
And that's actually my eye,
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Ovo je moje oko.
04:46
and again this video was taken
right after my daughter was born,
right after my daughter was born,
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I video je snimljen
odmah nakon rođenja kćeri,
odmah nakon rođenja kćeri,
04:49
so you can see I wasn't getting
too much sleep. (Laughter)
too much sleep. (Laughter)
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dakle nisam baš puno spavao. (Smijeh)
04:53
Even when a person is sitting still,
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Čak i kad osoba mirno sjedi,
04:56
there's a lot of information
we can extract
we can extract
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mnogo informacija možemo izvući
04:58
about their breathing patterns,
small facial expressions.
small facial expressions.
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iz njezinog disanja i
mikrofacijalnih ekspresija.
mikrofacijalnih ekspresija.
05:01
Maybe we could use those motions
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Možda ih možemo iskoristiti
05:03
to tell us something about
our thoughts or our emotions.
our thoughts or our emotions.
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kako bismo saznali nešto
o našim mislima ili emocijama.
o našim mislima ili emocijama.
05:06
We can also magnify small
mechanical movements,
mechanical movements,
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Možemo povećati i male mehaničke pokrete
05:09
like vibrations in engines,
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poput vibracija motora koje bi
05:11
that can help engineers detect
and diagnose machinery problems,
and diagnose machinery problems,
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inženjerima pomogle u pronalaženju
i dijagnosticiranju mehaničkih problema
i dijagnosticiranju mehaničkih problema
05:15
or see how our buildings and structures
sway in the wind and react to forces.
sway in the wind and react to forces.
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ili u izučavanju kako se građevine
njišu na vjetru i reagiraju na sile.
njišu na vjetru i reagiraju na sile.
05:19
Those are all things that our society
knows how to measure in various ways,
knows how to measure in various ways,
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Sve su to stvari koje čovječanstvo
može izmjeriti na razne načine,
može izmjeriti na razne načine,
05:24
but measuring those motions is one thing,
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ali njihovo je mjerenje jedna stvar,
05:26
and actually seeing those
motions as they happen
motions as they happen
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a njihovo promatranje
dok se zaista događaju
dok se zaista događaju
05:29
is a whole different thing.
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potpuno je druga stvar.
05:31
And ever since we discovered
this new technology,
this new technology,
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Otkad smo otkrili tu novu tehnologiju,
05:34
we made our code available online so that
others could use and experiment with it.
others could use and experiment with it.
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objavili smo taj kod online
ne bi li ga i drugi mogli isprobati.
ne bi li ga i drugi mogli isprobati.
05:38
It's very simple to use.
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Vrlo je jednostavan za uporabu.
05:40
It can work on your own videos.
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Možete ga koristiti
na vlastitim snimkama.
na vlastitim snimkama.
05:42
Our collaborators at Quanta Research
even created this nice website
even created this nice website
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Naši suradnici u Quanta Researchu
stvorili su ovu zgodnu stranicu
stvorili su ovu zgodnu stranicu
05:45
where you can upload your videos
and process them online,
and process them online,
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gdje možete učitati svoje snimke
i tamo ih obrađivati,
i tamo ih obrađivati,
05:48
so even if you don't have any experience
in computer science or programming,
in computer science or programming,
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pa čak i ako nemate nikakvog iskustva
s računarstvom i programiranjem,
s računarstvom i programiranjem,
05:52
you can still very easily experiment
with this new microscope.
with this new microscope.
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možete vrlo lako eksperimentirati
s ovim novim mikroskopom.
s ovim novim mikroskopom.
05:55
And I'd like to show you
just a couple of examples
just a couple of examples
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Htio bih vam pokazati
tek nekoliko primjera
tek nekoliko primjera
05:57
of what others have done with it.
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tuđih eksperimenata.
06:00
So this video was made by
a YouTube user called Tamez85.
a YouTube user called Tamez85.
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Ovaj je video napravio korisnik YT-a
pod korisničkim imenom "Tamez85".
pod korisničkim imenom "Tamez85".
06:05
I don't know who that user is,
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Ne znam tko je to,
06:07
but he, or she, used our code
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ali on/a je iskoristio naš kod
06:09
to magnify small belly
movements during pregnancy.
movements during pregnancy.
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ne bi li uvećao male pokrete trbuha
tijekom trudnoće.
tijekom trudnoće.
06:13
It's kind of creepy.
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Malo je jezivo.
06:14
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:16
People have used it to magnify
pulsing veins in their hands.
pulsing veins in their hands.
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Ljudi su ga koristili ne bi li povećali
pulsirajuće vene na rukama.
pulsirajuće vene na rukama.
06:21
And you know it's not real science
unless you use guinea pigs,
unless you use guinea pigs,
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To ne bi bila prava znanost
da se nije koristio zamorac,
da se nije koristio zamorac,
06:25
and apparently this guinea pig
is called Tiffany,
is called Tiffany,
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ovo je zamorac Tiffany,
06:28
and this YouTube user claims
it is the first rodent on Earth
it is the first rodent on Earth
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a ovaj korisnik YT-a tvrdi da je to
prvi glodavac na Zemlji
prvi glodavac na Zemlji
06:31
that was motion-magnified.
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čije su kretnje uvećane.
06:34
You can also do some art with it.
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Možete ga koristiti i u umjetničke svrhe.
06:36
So this video was sent to me
by a design student at Yale.
by a design student at Yale.
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Ovo mi je poslala
studentica dizajna na Yaleu.
studentica dizajna na Yaleu.
06:39
She wanted to see
if there's any difference
if there's any difference
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Htjela je vidjeti
postoji li ikakva razlika
postoji li ikakva razlika
06:41
in the way her classmates move.
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u načinu kretanja njenih kolega.
06:43
She made them all stand still,
and then magnified their motions.
and then magnified their motions.
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Natjerala ih je da mirno stoje,
a onda je uvećala njihove pokrete.
a onda je uvećala njihove pokrete.
06:47
It's like seeing
still pictures come to life.
still pictures come to life.
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Kao da gledate kako
nepomične slike oživljavaju.
nepomične slike oživljavaju.
06:50
And the nice thing with
all those examples
all those examples
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Ono što je dobro sa svim tim primjerima
06:53
is that we had nothing to do with them.
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jest to da mi nismo imali
nikakve veze s njima.
nikakve veze s njima.
06:55
We just provided this new tool,
a new way to look at the world,
a new way to look at the world,
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Mi smo ljudima samo dali taj novi alat,
nov način gledanja na svijet,
nov način gledanja na svijet,
06:59
and then people find other interesting,
new and creative ways of using it.
new and creative ways of using it.
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a onda su oni našli nove, zanimljive
i kreativne načine njegova korištenja.
i kreativne načine njegova korištenja.
07:04
But we didn't stop there.
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No nismo se zaustavili samo na tome.
07:06
This tool not only allows us
to look at the world in a new way,
to look at the world in a new way,
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Taj alat ne samo da nam omogućava
da svijet promatramo na drugi način
da svijet promatramo na drugi način
07:09
it also redefines what we can do
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već i redefinira što možemo raditi
07:11
and pushes the limits of what
we can do with our cameras.
we can do with our cameras.
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i pomiče granice toga što možemo
raditi s našim kamerama.
raditi s našim kamerama.
07:15
So as scientists, we started wondering,
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Kao znanstvenici počeli smo se pitati
07:17
what other types of physical phenomena
produce tiny motions
produce tiny motions
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koji još fizički fenomeni
proizvode malene pokrete
proizvode malene pokrete
07:21
that we could now use
our cameras to measure?
our cameras to measure?
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koje bismo mogli izmjeriti kamerama.
07:23
And one such phenomenon
that we focused on recently is sound.
that we focused on recently is sound.
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Jedan takav fenomen na koji smo se
nedavno usredotočili jest zvuk.
nedavno usredotočili jest zvuk.
07:27
Sound, as we all know,
is basically changes
is basically changes
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Zvuk, kao što već znamo,
predstavlja promjene
predstavlja promjene
07:30
in air pressure that
travel through the air.
travel through the air.
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u tlaku zraka koje putuju zrakom.
07:32
Those pressure waves hit objects
and they create small vibrations in them,
and they create small vibrations in them,
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Ti tlačni valovi udaraju o predmete
i u njima stvaraju malene vibracije,
i u njima stvaraju malene vibracije,
07:35
which is how we hear
and how we record sound.
and how we record sound.
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a tako čujemo i snimamo zvukove.
07:38
But it turns out that sound
also produces visual motions.
also produces visual motions.
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No ispada da zvuk proizvodi
i vizualne pokrete.
i vizualne pokrete.
07:42
Those are motions
that are not visible to us
that are not visible to us
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To su pokreti koji nama nisu vidljivi,
07:44
but are visible to a camera
with the right processing.
with the right processing.
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ali jesu vidljivi kameri
koja je za to opremljena.
koja je za to opremljena.
07:47
So here are two examples.
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Evo dva primjera.
07:49
This is me demonstrating
my great singing skills.
my great singing skills.
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Tu ja demonstriram
svoje sjajne pjevačke sposobnosti.
svoje sjajne pjevačke sposobnosti.
07:53
(Singing)
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(Pjevanje)
07:54
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:56
And I took a high-speed video
of my throat while I was humming.
of my throat while I was humming.
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Ubrzao sam video svog grla
dok sam pjevušio.
dok sam pjevušio.
07:59
Again, if you stare at that video,
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Ako se zagledate u video,
08:00
there's not too much
you'll be able to see,
you'll be able to see,
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nemate tu što vidjeti,
08:02
but once we magnify the motions 100 times,
we can see all the motions and ripples
we can see all the motions and ripples
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ali kad pokrete uvećamo 100 puta,
vidimo sve pokrete i mreškanja
vidimo sve pokrete i mreškanja
08:07
in the neck that are involved
in producing the sound.
in producing the sound.
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u vratu koja su zadužena
za proizvodnju zvuka.
za proizvodnju zvuka.
08:10
That signal is there in that video.
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Taj je signal u videu.
08:13
We also know that singers
can break a wine glass
can break a wine glass
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Znamo da pjevači mogu razbiti čaše za vino
08:15
if they hit the correct note.
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ako pogode pravi ton.
08:17
So here, we're going to play a note
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Sada ćemo odsvirati ton
08:19
that's in the resonance
frequency of that glass
frequency of that glass
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koja je u istoj frekvenciji kao i čaša
08:21
through a loudspeaker that's next to it.
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kroz zvučnik pored nje.
08:23
Once we play that note
and magnify the motions 250 times,
and magnify the motions 250 times,
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Kad odsviramo taj ton
i povećamo pokrete 250 puta,
i povećamo pokrete 250 puta,
08:28
we can very clearly see
how the glass vibrates
how the glass vibrates
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jasno vidimo kako čaša vibrira
08:30
and resonates in response to the sound.
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i odjekuje kao reakcija na zvuk.
08:34
It's not something you're used
to seeing every day.
to seeing every day.
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To se ne vidi baš svaki dan,
08:36
But this made us think.
It gave us this crazy idea.
It gave us this crazy idea.
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što nas je natjeralo na razmišljanje.
Došli smo na jednu ludu ideju.
Došli smo na jednu ludu ideju.
08:40
Can we actually invert this process
and recover sound from video
and recover sound from video
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Mogli bismo preokrenuti taj proces
i povratiti zvuk iz videa
i povratiti zvuk iz videa
08:45
by analyzing the tiny vibrations
that sound waves create in objects,
that sound waves create in objects,
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analizirajući malene vibracije
koje zvukovi stvaraju na predmetima
koje zvukovi stvaraju na predmetima
08:49
and essentially convert those
back into the sounds that produced them.
back into the sounds that produced them.
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i ponovno ih pretvoriti
u zvukove koji su ih i proizveli.
u zvukove koji su ih i proizveli.
08:54
In this way, we can turn
everyday objects into microphones.
everyday objects into microphones.
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Na taj način obične predmete
možemo pretvoriti u mikrofone.
možemo pretvoriti u mikrofone.
08:58
So that's exactly what we did.
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I učinili smo upravo to.
09:01
So here's an empty bag of chips
that was lying on a table,
that was lying on a table,
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Ovo je prazna vrećica čipsa
koja je bila na stolu
koja je bila na stolu
09:03
and we're going to turn that
bag of chips into a microphone
bag of chips into a microphone
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i pretvorit ćemo je u mikrofon
09:06
by filming it with a video camera
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snimajući je kamerom
09:08
and analyzing the tiny motions
that sound waves create in it.
that sound waves create in it.
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i analizirajući majušne pokrete
koje stvaraju zvučni valovi.
koje stvaraju zvučni valovi.
09:11
So here's the sound
that we played in the room.
that we played in the room.
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Ovo je sviralo u sobi.
09:14
(Music: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
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(Glazba: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
09:22
And this is a high-speed video
we recorded of that bag of chips.
we recorded of that bag of chips.
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Ovo je ubrzani video
snimljene vrećice čipsa.
snimljene vrećice čipsa.
09:25
Again it's playing.
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Ponovno puštamo.
09:26
There's no chance you'll be able
to see anything going on in that video
to see anything going on in that video
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Nema šanse da možete vidjeti
da se na tom videu nešto događa
da se na tom videu nešto događa
09:29
just by looking at it,
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samo gledajući ga,
09:30
but here's the sound we were able
to recover just by analyzing
to recover just by analyzing
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ali evo zvuka koji smo uspjeli dobiti
samo analizirajući
samo analizirajući
09:33
the tiny motions in that video.
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malene pokrete na toj snimci.
09:35
(Music: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
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(Glazba: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
09:52
I call it -- Thank you.
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Ja to nazivam -- hvala vam.
09:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:01
I call it the visual microphone.
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Nazivam to vizualnim mikrofonom.
10:04
We actually extract audio signals
from video signals.
from video signals.
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Izdvajamo zvučne signale iz videosignala.
10:07
And just to give you a sense
of the scale of the motions here,
of the scale of the motions here,
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Samo da vam malo približim
tu skalu pokreta --
tu skalu pokreta --
10:10
a pretty loud sound will cause that bag
of chips to move less than a micrometer.
of chips to move less than a micrometer.
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prilično glasan zvuk pomaknut će
vrećicu čipsa za manje od mikrometra.
vrećicu čipsa za manje od mikrometra.
10:16
That's one thousandth of a millimeter.
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To je tisućina milimetra.
10:18
That's how tiny the motions are
that we are now able to pull out
that we are now able to pull out
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Toliko su maleni pokreti
koje sada možemo izvući
koje sada možemo izvući
10:22
just by observing how light
bounces off objects
bounces off objects
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samo promatranjem
kako svjetlo odskakuje od predmeta
kako svjetlo odskakuje od predmeta
10:25
and gets recorded by our cameras.
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i kako ga naše kamere hvataju.
10:27
We can recover sounds
from other objects, like plants.
from other objects, like plants.
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Možemo povratiti zvukove
i iz drugih predmeta, poput biljaka.
i iz drugih predmeta, poput biljaka.
10:31
(Music: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
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(Glazba: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
10:39
And we can recover speech as well.
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A možemo povratiti i govor.
10:41
So here's a person speaking in a room.
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Ovdje osoba govori u prostoriji.
10:43
Voice: Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
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Glas: Marija je imala malo janje
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
10:47
and everywhere that Mary went,
that lamb was sure to go.
that lamb was sure to go.
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i gdjegod da bi Marija pošla,
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
10:52
Michael Rubinstein: And here's
that speech again recovered
that speech again recovered
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Michael Rubinstein:
A evo i tog govora koji smo povratili
A evo i tog govora koji smo povratili
10:54
just from this video
of that same bag of chips.
of that same bag of chips.
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samo iz videa one iste vrećice čipsa.
10:58
Voice: Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
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Glas: Marija je imala malo janje
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
11:03
and everywhere that Mary went,
that lamb was sure to go.
that lamb was sure to go.
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i gdjegod da bi Marija pošla,
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
11:07
MR: We used "Mary Had a Little Lamb"
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MR: Koristili smo "Mary Had a Little Lamb"
11:10
because those are said to be
the first words
the first words
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zato što su to prve riječi
11:12
that Thomas Edison spoke
into his phonograph in 1877.
into his phonograph in 1877.
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koje je Thomas Edison 1877. godine
izgovorio u svoj fonograf.
izgovorio u svoj fonograf.
11:16
It was one of the first sound
recording devices in history.
recording devices in history.
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Bio je to jedan od prvih uređaja
za snimanje glasa u povijesti.
za snimanje glasa u povijesti.
11:19
It basically directed the sounds
onto a diaphragm
onto a diaphragm
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Uređaj je zvukove
preusmjeravao u dijafragmu
preusmjeravao u dijafragmu
11:23
that vibrated a needle that essentially
engraved the sound on tinfoil
engraved the sound on tinfoil
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od koje je vibrirala iglica koja je
gravirala zvuk u alu-foliju
gravirala zvuk u alu-foliju
11:27
that was wrapped around the cylinder.
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koja je bila omotana oko cilindra.
11:29
Here's a demonstration of recording and
replaying sound with Edison's phonograph.
replaying sound with Edison's phonograph.
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Evo demonstracije snimanja i
reprodukcije zvuka Edisonovim gramofonom.
reprodukcije zvuka Edisonovim gramofonom.
11:35
(Video) Voice: Testing,
testing, one two three.
testing, one two three.
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(Video) Glas: Test, test, jedan, dva, tri.
11:38
Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
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Marija je imala malo janje
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
11:41
and everywhere that Mary went,
the lamb was sure to go.
the lamb was sure to go.
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i gdjegod da bi Marija pošla,
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
11:45
Testing, testing, one two three.
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Test, test, jedan, dva, tri.
11:48
Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
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Marija je imala malo janje
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
čija vuna bijaše bijela poput snijega
11:52
and everywhere that Mary went,
the lamb was sure to go.
the lamb was sure to go.
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i gdjegod da bi Marija pošla,
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
11:57
MR: And now, 137 years later,
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MR: A sada, 137 godina kasnije
12:01
we're able to get sound
in pretty much similar quality
in pretty much similar quality
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možemo dobiti zvuk slične kvalitete,
12:05
but by just watching objects
vibrate to sound with cameras,
vibrate to sound with cameras,
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ali putem kamera - promatranjem kako
predmeti vibriraju na zvukove,
predmeti vibriraju na zvukove,
12:09
and we can even do that when the camera
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a možemo to raditi i onda kad je kamera
12:11
is 15 feet away from the object,
behind soundproof glass.
behind soundproof glass.
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udaljena od predmeta pet metara,
iza zvučno izoliranog stakla.
iza zvučno izoliranog stakla.
12:15
So this is the sound that we were
able to recover in that case.
able to recover in that case.
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Ovo je zvuk koji smo uspjeli povratiti
u jednom takvom slučaju.
u jednom takvom slučaju.
12:19
Voice: Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
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Marija je imala malo janje
čija vuna bijaše bila bijela poput snijega
čija vuna bijaše bila bijela poput snijega
12:24
and everywhere that Mary went,
the lamb was sure to go.
the lamb was sure to go.
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i gdjegod da bi Marija pošla,
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
pošlo bi i janje s njom.
12:29
MR: And of course, surveillance is
the first application that comes to mind.
the first application that comes to mind.
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MR: Naravno, odmah se sjetite
mogućnosti nadzora.
mogućnosti nadzora.
12:33
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:36
But it might actually be useful
for other things as well.
for other things as well.
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Ali može biti korisno
i za neke druge stvari.
i za neke druge stvari.
12:40
Maybe in the future, we'll be able
to use it, for example,
to use it, for example,
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U budućnosti ćemo ga možda
moći koristiti i za, npr.
moći koristiti i za, npr.
12:42
to recover sound across space,
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reprodukciju zvukova iz svemira
12:45
because sound can't travel
in space, but light can.
in space, but light can.
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jer zvuk ne može putovati svemirom,
ali svjetlo može.
ali svjetlo može.
12:48
We've only just begun exploring
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Tek smo počeli istraživati
12:51
other possible uses
for this new technology.
for this new technology.
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druge mogućnosti korištenja
te nove tehnologije.
te nove tehnologije.
12:54
It lets us see physical processes
that we know are there
that we know are there
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Daje nam da vidimo fizikalne procese
koji znamo da postoje,
koji znamo da postoje,
12:57
but that we've never been able
to see with our own eyes until now.
to see with our own eyes until now.
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ali koje nismo mogli vidjeti
vlastitim očima - sve dosad.
vlastitim očima - sve dosad.
13:00
This is our team.
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Ovo je naš tim.
13:01
Everything I showed you today
is a result of a collaboration
is a result of a collaboration
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Sve što sam vam danas pokazao
rezultat je suradnje
rezultat je suradnje
13:04
with this great group
of people you see here,
of people you see here,
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s ovom sjajnom grupom ljudi
koju tu vidite,
koju tu vidite,
13:06
and I encourage you and welcome you
to check out our website,
to check out our website,
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a potičem vas da posjetite
našu web-stranicu,
našu web-stranicu,
13:10
try it out yourself,
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sami isprobate
13:11
and join us in exploring
this world of tiny motions.
this world of tiny motions.
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i pridružite nam se
u otkrivanju svijeta mini-pokreta.
u otkrivanju svijeta mini-pokreta.
13:14
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
13:16
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Rubinstein - Research scientist, GoogleComputer scientist Michael Rubinstein and his team have developed a "motion microscope" that can show video footage of barely perceivable movements, like breaths and heartbeats.
Why you should listen
Michael Rubinstein zooms in on what we can't see and mangnifies it by thirty or a hundred times. His "motion microscope," developed at MIT with Microsoft and Quanta Research, picks up on subtle motion and color changes in videos and blows them up for the naked eye to see. The result: fun, cool, creepy videos.
Rubinstein is a research scientist at a new Cambridge-based Google lab for computer vision research. He has a PhD in computer science and electrical engineering from MIT.
Michael Rubinstein | Speaker | TED.com