ABOUT THE SPEAKER
LaToya Ruby Frazier - Photographer
LaToya Ruby Frazier focuses her camera lens on her family and her hometown of Braddock, Pennsylvania, to explore themes of family, inequality, health care and environmental racism.

Why you should listen

TED Fellow LaToya Ruby Frazier uses photography, video and performance to address issues of industrialism, rustbelt revitalization, environmental justice, healthcare inequality, family and communal history. Some of her work, which features images of her mother and grandmother (Grandma Ruby) was published in her first book, The Notion of Family, which received the International Center for Photography Infinity Award.

She has exhibited her work widely in the United States and elsewhere, with solo exhibitions at the Brooklyn Museum, Seattle Art Museum, the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston and the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston. She is an assistant professor of photography at the School of Art Institute of Chicago, having previously taught at Yale, Rutgers and Syracuse University.

LaToya received her BFA in applied media arts from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania and her MFA in art photography from Syracuse University. She was the Guna S. Mundheim Fellow for visual arts at the American Academy in Berlin in 2013 and won a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in 2014. She is also a 2015 MacArthur Fellow.

More profile about the speaker
LaToya Ruby Frazier | Speaker | TED.com
We the Future

LaToya Ruby Frazier: A creative solution for the water crisis in Flint, Michigan

LaToya Ruby Frazier: Uma solução criativa para a crise aquífera em Flint, Michigan

Filmed:
1,308,043 views

A artista LaToya Ruby Frazier morou durante cinco anos em Flint, em Michigan, documentando a vida das pessoas afetadas pela crise aquífera e realizou um ensaio fotográfico chamado “Flint is Family”. Enquanto a crise aquífera se prolongava, LaToya percebeu que seria necessário mais do que uma série de fotografias para trazer alívio para a população. Nesta palestra inspiradora e surpreendente, ela compartilha o seu empenho em trazer água limpa e gratuita para a população de Flint.
- Photographer
LaToya Ruby Frazier focuses her camera lens on her family and her hometown of Braddock, Pennsylvania, to explore themes of family, inequality, health care and environmental racism. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Em 2016,
00:13
So, in 2016,
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00:17
I was commissioned
to produce a photo essay
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fui contratada para realizar
um ensaio fotográfico
00:19
about the water crisis in Flint, Michigan.
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sobre a crise aquífera em Flint,
no estado de Michigan,
00:23
And that's been going on since 2014.
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que tem ocorrido desde 2014.
00:27
And I accepted the commission
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Eu aceitei fazer o ensaio
00:29
with the idea that I would photograph
three generations of women
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com a ideia de que eu fotografaria
três gerações de mulheres
00:33
dealing with the crisis on a daily basis.
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que conviviam com a crise diariamente.
00:38
I was fortunate to meet two best friends,
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Tive a sorte de conhecer
duas melhores amigas,
00:41
artists, activists and poets
Amber Hasan and Shea Cobb,
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as artistas, ativistas e poetisas
Amber Hasan e Shea Cobb,
00:46
who took me around Flint.
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que me guiaram pela cidade de Flint.
00:49
As a school bus driver,
Shea Cobb became the central figure
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Como era motorista do ônibus escolar,
Shea Cobb se tornou o centro do ensaio
00:53
of the photo essay,
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com a mãe dela, a Sra. Renée,
e a filha de oito anos de idade, Zion.
00:54
along with her mother, Ms. Renée,
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00:56
and her eight-year-old daughter, Zion.
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00:59
I obsessively followed
Shea's school bus routes.
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Segui o trajeto do ônibus de Shea
de forma obsessiva.
01:03
And when Shea wasn't driving the bus,
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E quando não estava dirigindo o ônibus,
01:06
she would be watching over Zion,
making sure she was studying.
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Shea cuidava de Zion, para ter certeza
de que ela estava estudando.
01:11
I embedded myself in every
intimate facet of Shea's life.
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Eu me inseri em cada faceta
da vida de Shea.
01:16
When Shea took me to Zion's school,
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Quando Shea me levou à escola de Zion,
01:19
and I saw the water fountains
covered with signs that said,
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e vi que os bebedouros
tinham cartazes que diziam:
01:22
"Contaminated. Do not drink,"
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"Água contaminada, não bebam",
01:25
I couldn't pick up
my camera to photograph it.
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não consegui pegar minha câmera
para fotografá-los.
01:29
It rocked me to the core
to see that in America,
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Fiquei muito impressionada
quando percebi que, nos Estados Unidos,
01:33
we can go from fountains
that say "Whites" or "Blacks only,"
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os bebedouros antes traziam os dizeres:
"Brancos" ou "Somente para Negros",
01:37
to today seeing fountains that say,
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e hoje, os dizeres são os seguintes:
01:39
"Contaminated water. Do not drink."
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"Agua contaminada, não bebam".
01:42
And somehow, that's acceptable?
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Como se pode aceitar isso?
01:47
The residents in Flint
have been forced to drink with,
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Os moradores de Flint
têm sido obrigados a beber,
01:50
cook with and bathe with bottled water,
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cozinhar e tomar banho
com água engarrafada,
01:54
while paying the highest
water bills in the country
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enquanto pagam as contas
de água mais altas do país
01:57
for water that is infected
with deadly legionella bacteria.
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para usarem água que está infectada
com a bactéria letal "Legionella".
02:03
It was natural for me to go to Flint,
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A minha ida a Flint foi natural,
02:05
because industrial pollution,
bacteria-contaminated water
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porque a poluição industrial
e a contaminação da água por bactéria
fizeram parte da minha infância
em Braddock, na Pensilvânia,
02:09
were all too familiar for me growing up
in my hometown, Braddock, Pennsylvania,
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02:15
where my mother and I battled cancer
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onde minha mãe e eu
lutamos contra o câncer
02:19
and autoimmune disorders like lupus.
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e doenças autoimunes, como o lúpus.
02:23
Our 14-year collaboration,
"The Notion of Family,"
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Nossa colaboração de 14 anos,
"The Notion of Family",
02:27
was created out of our struggle
to survive environmental racism,
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nasceu da nossa luta
para sobreviver ao racismo ambiental,
02:32
healthcare inequity
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à desigualdade de acesso à saúde
e às emissões químicas sem regulamentação
02:34
and chemical emissions
that were being deregulated
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02:38
and released from the United States
Steel Corporation,
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lançadas pela siderúrgica
"United States Steel Corporation",
02:42
making Braddock the town with the highest
asthma and infant mortality rates
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fazendo de Braddock a cidade
com os maiores índices de asma
e de mortalidade infantil do país.
02:49
in the country.
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02:51
From the Monongahela River
to the Flint River,
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Do Rio Monongahela ao Rio Flint,
02:54
in the words of W.E.B. Du Bois,
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segundo as palavras de W.E.B. Du Bois:
02:58
"The town, the whole valley,
has turned its back upon the river.
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"A cidade e o vale inteiro
viraram as costas para o rio,
03:04
It has used it as a sewer, as a drain,
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que tem servido de esgoto, de escoadouro,
um lugar para jogarem o lixo deles".
03:06
as a place for throwing their waste."
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03:11
General Motors has been cited
for dumping chemicals in the Flint River
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A General Motors já foi citada
por despejar resíduos químicos
no Rio Flint durante décadas.
03:15
for decades.
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03:18
When my photo essay "Flint is Family"
came out in August of 2016,
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Quando o meu ensaio fotográfico,
"Flint is Family", saiu em agosto de 2016,
foi para lembrar os norte-americanos
03:23
it was released to remind America
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03:25
that although Flint
was no longer headline news,
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de que, apesar de Flint não estar mais
nas manchetes dos jornais,
a crise aquífera estava longe de acabar.
03:28
the water crisis was far from over.
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03:32
And, of course, I knew
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É claro que eu sabia
03:33
it was going to take more
than a series of photographs on my part
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que seria necessário mais que uma série
das minhas fotografias para levar alívio
03:37
to bring relief to the people
in Vehicle City.
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aos moradores de "Vehicle City",
como Flint é chamada.
03:43
Shea and I bonded
over our mothers and grandmothers.
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Shea e eu nos identificávamos
com nossas mãe e avós;
03:46
Amber and I bonded
over our battles with lupus.
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Amber e eu tínhamos em comum
a luta contra o lúpus.
03:49
Together, we decided to remain
in each other's life
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Decidimos permanecer unidas e prosseguir
com nossos esforços criativos.
03:53
and continue our creative efforts.
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03:57
In 2017, Shea and Amber cofounded
artist collective The Sister Tour,
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Em 2017,
Shea e Amber cofundaram a associação
de artistas "The Sister Tour",
04:03
whose mission is to provide
a safe space for Flint artists.
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cuja missão é proporcionar
um espaço seguro aos artistas de Flint.
04:08
One year later,
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Um ano depois, realizei minha exposição
solo, Flint is Family, aqui em Nova York,
04:09
I mounted my solo exhibition,
"Flint is Family,"
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04:13
here in New York City
at Gavin Brown's Enterprise
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na galeria Gavin Brown's Enterprise,
na rua 127 West.
04:16
on West 127th Street.
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04:20
As the audience approaches
the facade of the building,
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À medida que o público
se aproximava da fachada do edifício,
via um painel de 9,15 metros de altura,
feito com três grandes negativos,
04:23
they see a 30-foot billboard.
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04:25
The 30-foot billboard is made
of three large color negatives
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04:29
with the message "Water Is Life,"
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com a mensagem "Água é Vida",
04:31
spelled out in Nestle water bottles
by The Sister Tour.
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que aparece nas garrafas de água
da Nestlé, da The Sister Tour.
04:36
Nestle, the largest water-bottling
company in the world,
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A Nestlé, a maior empresa
de água engarrafada do mundo,
04:40
pumps 400 gallons of water per minute
out of aquifers in Lake Michigan,
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retira 1,5 mil litros de água por minuto
dos aquíferos do Lago Michingan,
04:45
nearly free of charge.
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praticamente de graça.
04:48
The company also extracts
millions of liters of water
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A empresa também extrai
milhões de litros de água
04:51
from First Nation reservations,
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de reservas de povos indígenas,
04:54
while they have no access
to clean water at all.
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enquanto eles não têm nenhum
acesso à água limpa.
04:59
This is a fundraiser print
that I used to raise money
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Essa foi uma foto que usei
para arrecadar fundos
05:02
to send The Sister Tour
to different venues
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para que a The Sister Tour
pudesse ir a vários lugares,
05:05
to educate people on the ongoing crisis.
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para informar as pessoas
sobre a crise que acontecia.
05:09
I also continued to keep it
in the public eye
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Também continuei mantendo
o assunto em evidência,
05:12
by producing countdown flags
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fazendo bandeiras de contagem regressiva
que eram hasteadas pelo país.
05:14
that were raised on institutions
across the country.
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05:18
This past June,
Amber emailed me with the news
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Em junho passado,
Amber me enviou um e-mail dizendo
05:21
that Michigan's attorney general
dropped all criminal charges
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que o procurador-geral
de Michigan tinha retirado
todas as acusações da investigação
da crise aquífera de Flint,
05:25
in the Flint Water Crisis investigation,
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05:28
where eight state and city employees
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na qual oito funcionários
municipais e estaduais
05:30
were facing charges
as serious as manslaughter.
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eram acusados de crimes
tão graves quanto o de homicídio.
05:35
I could no longer idly stand by
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Eu não podia mais
ficar de braços cruzados,
05:38
and wait for the government to do its job.
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esperando que o governo agisse.
05:42
Justice has been delayed,
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A justiça estava sendo adiada e negada.
05:45
and justice has been denied.
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05:48
It's been five years,
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Faz cinco anos, e ainda estamos
esperando que se faça justiça
05:49
and we're still waiting on justice
for the men, women and children in Flint.
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para os homens, mulheres
e crianças de Flint.
Perguntei a Amber: "O que posso fazer?"
05:56
I asked Amber, "What can I do?"
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05:58
She told me about a man named Moses West
that she met in Puerto Rico,
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Ela me falou sobre Moses West,
um homem que ela
tinha conhecido em Porto Rico,
que tinha inventado um gerador
atmosférico de água
06:04
who invented a 26,000-pound
atmospheric water generator.
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que pesava cerca de 11,8 toneladas.
Amber levou Moses
aos representantes da cidade de Flint.
06:12
Amber took Moses to elected officials
in the city of Flint.
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06:17
None of them seemed interested in bringing
the machine for relief to Flint at all.
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Nenhum deles demonstrou interesse
em trazer o gerador para ajudar a cidade.
06:24
Amber needed to get the machine
from a military base in Texas
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Amber precisava buscar o gerador
em uma base militar no Texas
06:28
all the way to Flint.
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e levá-lo para Flint.
06:31
Nobody in Flint had
that kind of money lying around.
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Ninguém em Flint dispunha de dinheiro.
06:35
And it was at that point that I decided
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E foi então que decidi
06:39
to take the proceeds from my
solo exhibition "Flint is Family,"
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usar a renda da minha
exposição Flint is Family,
06:43
along with the generous match grant
from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation,
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além da generosa doação
da Fundação Robert Rauschenberg,
06:48
and sent it to Moses West.
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e enviei tudo para Moses West.
06:52
This past July,
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Em julho passado,
06:54
Moses West and his atmospheric water
generator arrived to Flint, Michigan,
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O gerador atmosférico de água
de Moses West chegou em Flint,
06:59
on North Saginaw
between Marengo and Pulaski,
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no norte de Saginaw,
entre Marengo e Pulaski,
07:03
and is actually still there
right now, operating.
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e ainda está lá em funcionamento.
07:08
This community that sits
three miles from downtown
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Essa comunidade, que fica
a 4,83 Km do centro da cidade,
07:12
has been stripped of its schools,
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tem sido privada de escolas, de acesso
a alimentos saudáveis e de água limpa.
07:15
access to healthy grocery stores
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07:17
and clean water.
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07:19
Socially, it's viewed
as a violent, poor community.
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Em termos sociais, é vista
como uma comunidade violenta e pobre.
07:22
But I see something completely different.
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Mas vejo algo completamente diferente.
07:27
Moses, an officer, Ranger, veteran,
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Moses é um oficial e patrulheiro veterano
e foi muito claro
sobre a missão de salvamento:
07:32
was very clear about his
water rescue mission:
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07:37
Bring relief of free, clean water
to the people in Flint.
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levar alívio com água gratuita e limpa
para a população de Flint,
07:42
Teach them how to use the machine,
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ensiná-la a usar o gerador,
a como cuidar dele
07:44
teach them how to take care of it,
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07:46
and most importantly,
take ownership of the machine.
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e, sobretudo, a serem donos dele.
07:50
Tell everybody across the city
to bring all their containers
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"Digam a todos na cidade
para trazerem os galões
07:54
and come and take as much water
as they can stock up on,
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e pegarem o que puderem de água,
sobretudo antes que o inverno chegue.
07:58
especially before the winter season hits;
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08:01
the machine doesn't extract moisture
in freezing temperatures.
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O gerador não extrai água
em temperaturas negativas."
08:05
This technology pulls air
through a high-volume air filter.
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Essa tecnologia aspira o ar
usando um filtro de grande capacidade.
08:11
It mechanically creates condensation,
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Ele cria a condensação mecanicamente
08:14
which produces 2,000 gallons
of water per day.
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e produz 7,5 mil litros de água por dia.
08:20
Residents are free
to walk up to the machine
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Os moradores podem ir até o gerador
entre as 9h e 20h, diariamente,
08:22
anywhere between 9am and 8pm daily
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e pegar o quanto quiserem,
08:27
and take as much as they want,
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08:29
alleviating them from standing
in long lines for bottled water.
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não precisam mais esperar em longas filas
para comprar água engarrafada.
08:34
I've been at the machine,
interviewing people, asking them,
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Fui até o gerador
e entrevistei as pessoas:
08:37
"What does it mean to see Moses
and his machine in [your] community?"
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"Como é ver, na sua comunidade,
Moses e o gerador que ele inventou?
08:41
And, "What has it been like
living without access to clean water?"
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Como tem sido viver sem ter água limpa?"
08:46
Alita told me,
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Alita me disse:
08:47
"It's a miracle that God gave Moses
the knowledge and technology
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"É um milagre Deus ter dado a Moses
o conhecimento e a tecnologia
08:53
to provide us with pure drinking water."
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para nos proporcionar água potável".
08:57
She also told me that
prior to the machine coming,
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Ela também me disse que,
antes da chegada do gerador,
09:00
she had severe headaches,
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a água lhe causava muitas dores
de cabeça e problemas estomacais,
09:02
and the water made her
so sick to her stomach,
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09:05
she couldn't eat.
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e que não conseguia comer.
09:08
Tina told me that
the lead-contaminated water
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Tina me disse que a água contaminada
lhe causou queda de cabelos.
09:11
made her hair fall out.
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09:13
Usually, she's weak and very light-headed.
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Ela se sentia constantemente
indisposta e tinha tonturas.
09:17
Since using the machine,
she's had energy and strength.
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Desde que começou
a consumir a água do gerador,
ela tem tido mais disposição e força.
09:24
David, he was overwhelmed with joy
that someone from Texas cared.
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David ficou impressionado que alguém
do Texas se importasse com eles.
09:30
When he tasted the water,
he thought to himself,
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Quando ele provou a água, disse:
09:32
"Now, this is the way
God intended water to be."
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"É assim que Deus queria
que a água fosse".
09:37
He brings three seven-gallon
containers to refill
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Ele enche três galões de 26,5 litros
09:41
to use at his barbecue stand.
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para abastecer
a barraquinha de churrasco dele.
09:45
Through creativity and solidarity,
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Com criatividade e solidariedade,
09:48
Amber Hasan, Shea Cobb,
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Amber Hasan, Shea Cobb,
09:51
Tuklor Senegal, The Sister Tour,
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Tuklor Senegal, The Sister Tour,
09:54
myself, the people of Flint,
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eu, a população de Flint,
09:57
Dexter Moon, Moses West
and his atmospheric water generator
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Dexter Moon, Moses West
e seu gerador de água atmosférico
10:03
have been able to provide 120,000 gallons
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conseguimos fornecer 454 mil litros
10:08
of free, clean water.
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de água limpa e gratuita.
10:10
(Applause)
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598646
6064
(Aplausos)
10:17
The people in Flint deserve
access to clean water.
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3400
A população de Flint merece
ter acesso à água limpa.
10:20
Water is life.
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1851
Água é vida.
10:22
It is the spirit that binds us
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2476
É o sentimento que nos une
contra as doenças, a morte e a destruição.
10:25
from sickness, death and destruction.
164
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3084
Pensem em quantos milhões
de vidas poderíamos salvar
10:29
Imagine how many millions
of lives we could save
165
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3971
10:33
if Moses's machine were in places like
Newark, New Jersey,
166
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4393
se o gerador de Moses estivesse
em lugares como Newark, em Nova Jersey,
10:37
South Africa
167
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1505
na África do Sul e na Índia,
10:39
and India,
168
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1160
10:40
with compassion instead of profit motives.
169
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3677
motivado pela compaixão e não pelo lucro.
10:45
I loaded my camera,
170
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1944
Carreguei minha câmera,
10:47
I locked my focus,
171
635863
1436
focalizei a imagem
e coloquei o dedo no disparador
10:49
and I placed my finger
over the shutter release,
172
637323
2500
10:51
as Shea and Zion went to take
their first sip of clean water.
173
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4796
enquanto Shea e Zion tomavam
água limpa pela primeira vez.
10:57
When the shutter released,
174
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1650
Quando apertei o disparador,
10:58
I was overcome with a deep sense
of joy and righteousness.
175
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5072
fui tomada por uma sensação profunda
de alegria e de justiça.
11:04
When I sent Shea some of the photographs,
176
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2167
Quando enviei algumas das fotografias
para Shea, ela me escreveu:
11:07
she wrote,
177
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1362
11:08
"Thank you again for the light
that you bring to my city."
178
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4325
"Obrigada novamente por trazer
luz para a minha cidade".
11:13
I immediately replied,
179
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2276
Respondi imediatamente:
"A luz já estava lá, dentro de vocês".
11:15
"The light was already there within you."
180
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2600
11:21
It's been four years
since I've been photographing in Flint,
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4452
Faz quatro anos que fotografo Flint
11:25
and finally, I've been able
to render a poetic justice.
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4919
e, finalmente, consegui fazer justiça.
11:32
No matter how dark a situation may be,
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4024
Por mais obscura que uma situação seja,
uma câmera pode extrair a luz
11:36
a camera can extract the light
and turn a negative into a positive.
184
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5888
e transformar um negativo
em algo positivo.
11:42
Thank you.
185
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1150
Obrigada.
11:43
(Applause)
186
691651
4182
(Aplausos)
Translated by Simone Gumier
Reviewed by Maricene Crus

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
LaToya Ruby Frazier - Photographer
LaToya Ruby Frazier focuses her camera lens on her family and her hometown of Braddock, Pennsylvania, to explore themes of family, inequality, health care and environmental racism.

Why you should listen

TED Fellow LaToya Ruby Frazier uses photography, video and performance to address issues of industrialism, rustbelt revitalization, environmental justice, healthcare inequality, family and communal history. Some of her work, which features images of her mother and grandmother (Grandma Ruby) was published in her first book, The Notion of Family, which received the International Center for Photography Infinity Award.

She has exhibited her work widely in the United States and elsewhere, with solo exhibitions at the Brooklyn Museum, Seattle Art Museum, the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston and the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston. She is an assistant professor of photography at the School of Art Institute of Chicago, having previously taught at Yale, Rutgers and Syracuse University.

LaToya received her BFA in applied media arts from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania and her MFA in art photography from Syracuse University. She was the Guna S. Mundheim Fellow for visual arts at the American Academy in Berlin in 2013 and won a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in 2014. She is also a 2015 MacArthur Fellow.

More profile about the speaker
LaToya Ruby Frazier | Speaker | TED.com
THE ORIGINAL VIDEO ON TED.COM