ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bastian Schaefer - Aircraft engineer
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers.

Why you should listen

Bastian Schaefer is the Cabin and Cargo Innovation Manager at Airbus Operations -- and leads a group of far-thinking engineers who are building out a concept plane. Previously at Airbus, he worked on the development of A380 stairs and components for in-flight entertainment. Between 2006 and 2011 Bastian worked at Bertrand Ingenieurbüro GmbH working on projects with C&D Zodiac Development A350XWB Lavatories, AT Kearney and EADS Technology Watch Consulting. He considers himself a mechanical engineer and has a special interest in cars.

More profile about the speaker
Bastian Schaefer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Bastian Schaefer: A 3D-printed jumbo jet?

巴斯蒂安·谢弗: 巴斯蒂安·谢弗: 一架3D打印的大型喷气式客机?

Filmed:
1,146,821 views

设计师巴斯蒂安·谢弗展示了一个未来喷气式飞机的巧妙设计。这架喷气式飞机的骨架是源于强大,灵活的自然形态的启发,以及日益增长的人口的需要。想象一下一架通透明亮的飞机-而其部件全部由3D打印机制作。
- Aircraft engineer
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
What do we know about the future未来?
0
381
2002
我们知道多少未来的事儿?
00:14
Difficult question, simple简单 answer回答: nothing.
1
2383
3065
这个问题听起来难,但答案很简单:一无所知。
00:17
We cannot不能 predict预测 the future未来.
2
5448
2491
我们没法预知未来。
00:19
We only can create创建 a vision视力 of the future未来, how it might威力 be,
3
7939
4639
我们只能憧憬未来,想象未来的样子,
00:24
a vision视力 which哪一个 reveals揭示 disruptive破坏性 ideas思路, which哪一个 is inspiring鼓舞人心,
4
12578
3333
不过这种憧憬可以萌生颠覆性的想法,具有启发性,
00:27
and this is the most important重要 reason原因
5
15911
2286
这是打破惯性思维的枷锁
00:30
which哪一个 breaks休息 the chains of common共同 thinking思维.
6
18197
3048
最重要的方式。
00:33
There are a lot of people
7
21245
1328
有很多人
00:34
who created创建 their own拥有 vision视力 about the future未来,
8
22573
2050
有他们对未来独特的憧憬,
00:36
for instance, this vision视力 here from the early 20th century世纪.
9
24623
3356
例如,这一产生于20 世纪初的设想。
00:39
It says here that this is the ocean海洋 plane平面 of the future未来.
10
27979
4060
他们说这是未来可以飞跃海洋的飞机。
00:44
It takes only one and a half days to cross交叉 the Atlantic大西洋 Ocean海洋.
11
32039
3613
它只需一个半就能横渡大西洋。
00:47
Today今天, we know that this future未来 vision视力 didn't come true真正.
12
35652
3501
今天,我们知道这个未来的远景没有成真。
00:51
So this is our largest最大 airplane飞机 which哪一个 we have,
13
39153
2932
这是我们最大的飞机,
00:54
the Airbus空中客车公司 A380, and it's quite相当 huge巨大,
14
42085
2799
空客A380,它体积庞大,
00:56
so a lot of people fit适合 in there
15
44884
1548
可以容纳很多人
00:58
and it's technically技术上 completely全然 different不同
16
46432
2521
从技术上讲它和
01:00
than the vision视力 I've shown显示 to you.
17
48953
2211
之前的那个愿景完全不同。
01:03
I'm working加工 in a team球队 with Airbus空中客车公司,
18
51164
1970
我在空客的团队里工作
01:05
and we have created创建 our vision视力
19
53134
1579
我们创造了对于未来
01:06
about a more sustainable可持续发展 future未来 of aviation航空.
20
54713
2932
更具可持续性的航空业的愿景。
01:09
So sustainability可持续性 is quite相当 important重要 for us,
21
57645
2485
所以可持续性对我们而言是相当重要的,
01:12
which哪一个 should incorporate合并 social社会
22
60130
1774
其中应纳入社会性
01:13
but as well as environmental环境的 and economic经济 values.
23
61904
3090
以及环保和经济价值。
01:16
So we have created创建 a very disruptive破坏性 structure结构体
24
64994
2906
我们创建了一个极具分裂性的结构
01:19
which哪一个 mimics模仿 the design设计 of bone, or a skeleton骨架,
25
67900
3608
模仿了骨或骨架的结构
01:23
which哪一个 occurs发生 in nature性质.
26
71508
1725
这些源于自然世界的设计。
01:25
So that's why it looks容貌 maybe a little bit weird奇怪的,
27
73233
2250
这就是它看起来有点奇怪的原因
01:27
especially特别 to the people who deal合同 with structures结构 in general一般.
28
75483
3828
特别是对常和结构打交道的人而言。
01:31
But at least最小 it's just a kind of artwork艺术品
29
79311
2463
但至少它是一种艺术品
01:33
to explore探索 our ideas思路 about a different不同 future未来.
30
81774
5190
探索我们对不同未来的构想。
01:38
What are the main主要 customers顾客 of the future未来?
31
86964
2152
未来的主要客户有哪些?
01:41
So, we have the old, we have the young年轻,
32
89116
1848
我们有老年客户群,有年轻客户群,
01:42
we have the uprising起义 power功率 of women妇女,
33
90964
2732
女性力量逐渐崛起等,
01:45
and there's one mega-trend大趋势 which哪一个 affects影响 all of us.
34
93696
4003
还有一个影响我们所有人的大趋势。
01:49
These are the future未来 anthropometrics人体测量学.
35
97699
2425
这与未来人体测量学息息相关。
01:52
So our children孩子 are getting得到 larger, but at the same相同 time
36
100124
3492
我们的下一代身材越来越高大,但同时
01:55
we are growing生长 into different不同 directions方向.
37
103616
2502
我们成长的方向有所不同。
01:58
So what we need is space空间 inside the aircraft飞机,
38
106118
5684
所以我们需要的是飞机内部的空间,
02:03
inside a very dense稠密 area.
39
111802
2125
一个密度非常高的空间内。
02:05
These people have different不同 needs需求.
40
113927
1738
人们有不同的需求。
02:07
So we see a clear明确 need of active活性 health健康 promotion提升,
41
115665
3558
我们看到对健康促进清楚的需求,
02:11
especially特别 in the case案件 of the old people.
42
119223
2672
尤其是老人们。
02:13
We want to be treated治疗 as individuals个人.
43
121895
1870
我们希望被区分对待。
02:15
We like to be productive生产的 throughout始终 the entire整个 travel旅行 chain,
44
123765
5493
我们喜欢在旅途中高效工作,
02:21
and what we are doing in the future未来 is
45
129258
2297
在未来我们希望
02:23
we want to use the latest最新 man-machine人机 interface接口,
46
131555
3180
可以实现最新的人机互动,
02:26
and we want to integrate整合 this and show显示 this in one product产品.
47
134735
4371
和我们想要融入这些想法到一种产品内。
02:31
So we combined结合 these needs需求 with technology's技术的 themes主题.
48
139106
3442
因此我们将这些需要与技术主题相结合。
02:34
So for instance, we are asking ourselves我们自己,
49
142548
2528
例如,我们自问,
02:37
how can we create创建 more light?
50
145076
2213
我们如何能创造更多的光照?
02:39
How can we bring带来 more natural自然 light into the airplane飞机?
51
147289
2574
我们怎么能让更多自然光线照入飞机?
02:41
So this airplane飞机 has no windows视窗 anymore, for example.
52
149863
3396
例如,这架飞机已经没有窗户了。
02:45
What about the data数据 and communication通讯 software软件
53
153259
2733
数据和通信软件
02:47
which哪一个 we need in the future未来?
54
155992
1673
这些未来的需要怎么办?
02:49
My belief信仰 is that the airplane飞机 of the future未来
55
157665
2901
我相信未来的飞机
02:52
will get its own拥有 consciousness意识.
56
160566
2133
将会有自主的意识。
02:54
It will be more like a living活的 organism生物
57
162699
2479
它将更像一个生物体
02:57
than just a collection采集 of very complex复杂 technology技术.
58
165178
4422
而不是复杂技术的集合体。
03:01
This will be very different不同 in the future未来.
59
169600
2122
这在未来将非常不同。
03:03
It will communicate通信 directly
60
171722
1569
它将与机舱内部的乘客们
03:05
with the passenger乘客 in its environment环境.
61
173291
2880
进行直接沟通。
03:08
And then we are talking also about materials物料,
62
176171
2101
然后我们还谈论材料,
03:10
synthetic合成的 biology生物学, for example.
63
178272
1986
例如合成生物学。
03:12
And my belief信仰 is that we will get more and more
64
180258
3715
我相信我们将会有更多
03:15
new materials物料 which哪一个 we can put into structure结构体 later后来 on,
65
183973
3702
新型材料来投入到结构设计中,
03:19
because structure结构体 is one of the key issues问题 in aircraft飞机 design设计.
66
187675
4146
因为结构是飞机设计中的关键问题之一。
03:23
So let's compare比较 the old world世界 with the new world世界.
67
191821
3272
因此让我们来比较一下旧世界和新世界。
03:27
I just want to show显示 you here what we are doing today今天.
68
195093
1967
我想展示给大家看我们在研究的技术。
03:29
So this is a bracket托架 of an A380 crew船员 rest休息 compartment隔室.
69
197060
4280
这是一个 A380 机组休息舱结构。
03:33
It takes a lot of weight重量,
70
201340
1697
它能承受很大的重量,
03:35
and it follows如下 the classical古典 design设计 rules规则.
71
203037
3151
遵从了经典的设计法则。
03:38
This here is an equal等于 bracket托架 for the same相同 purpose目的.
72
206188
3651
这是相同用途的相似支架设计。
03:41
It follows如下 the design设计 of bone.
73
209839
2149
它和骨头的设计一样。
03:43
The design设计 process处理 is completely全然 different不同.
74
211988
2520
设计过程是完全不同的。
03:46
At the one hand, we have 1.2 kilos公斤,
75
214508
2721
一个是1.2 公斤重,
03:49
and at the other hand 0.6 kilos公斤.
76
217229
1943
另一个是 0.6 公斤重。
03:51
So this technology技术, 3D printing印花, and new design设计 rules规则
77
219172
3267
所以这技术、 3D 印刷和新的设计规则
03:54
really help us to reduce减少 the weight重量,
78
222439
1592
真正帮助我们减轻重量,
03:56
which哪一个 is the biggest最大 issue问题 in aircraft飞机 design设计,
79
224031
2595
这是飞机设计中最大的问题,
03:58
because it's directly linked关联 to greenhouse温室 gas加油站 emissions排放.
80
226626
2654
因为它与温室气体排放量直接相关。
04:01
Push this idea理念 a little bit forward前锋.
81
229280
1820
再进一步推进这一想法。
04:03
So how does nature性质 build建立 its components组件 and structures结构?
82
231100
4976
自然是如何建造各个部件和结构的呢?
04:08
So nature性质 is very clever聪明. It puts看跌期权 all the information信息
83
236076
3041
大自然是非常聪明的。它把所有的信息放到
04:11
into these small building建造 blocks, which哪一个 we call DNA脱氧核糖核酸.
84
239117
3197
这些小积木内,我们称之为 DNA。
04:14
And nature性质 builds建立 large skeletons骷髅 out of it.
85
242314
2576
自然在它的基础上生成了大骨架。
04:16
So we see a bottom-up自下而上 approach途径 here,
86
244890
2494
我们可以看到一个自下而上的方法,
04:19
because all the information信息, as I said, are inside the DNA脱氧核糖核酸.
87
247384
3165
因为所有的信息,正如我所说的都在 DNA里。
04:22
And this is combined结合 with a top-down自顶向下 approach途径,
88
250549
1994
这与自上而下的方法相结合,
04:24
because what we are doing in our daily日常 life
89
252543
2318
因为我们在日常生活中
04:26
is we train培养 our muscles肌肉, we train培养 our skeleton骨架,
90
254861
3106
训练我们的肌肉和骨骼
04:29
and it's getting得到 stronger.
91
257967
2000
使它们越来越强壮。
04:31
And the same相同 approach途径 can be applied应用的 to technology技术 as well.
92
259967
2376
这种方法也能运用到技术上。
04:34
So our building建造 block is carbon nanotubes纳米管, for example,
93
262343
3844
例如我们的构建基块是碳纳米管,
04:38
to create创建 a large, rivet-less铆钉少 skeleton骨架 at the end结束 of the day.
94
266187
4266
最终制造出一个巨型、无缝的构架。
04:42
How this looks容貌 in particular特定, you can show显示 it here.
95
270453
3054
这个构架外观如何,可以在这里展现。
04:45
So imagine想像 you have carbon nanotubes纳米管 growing生长
96
273507
2134
想象一下有一个碳纳米管
04:47
inside a 3D printer打印机,
97
275641
1437
在3D 打印机里制作,
04:49
and they are embedded嵌入式 inside a matrix矩阵 of plastic塑料,
98
277078
3199
被嵌入一个塑料模型中,
04:52
and follow跟随 the forces军队 which哪一个 occur发生 in your component零件.
99
280277
3093
并按照组件内部力量延展。
04:55
And you've got trillions万亿 of them.
100
283370
1743
有上万亿个这样的纳米管。
04:57
So you really align对齐 them to wood,
101
285113
2193
所以你真的对齐它们到木头,
04:59
and you take this wood and make morphological形态 optimization优化,
102
287306
3169
然后对木头进行形态优化,
05:02
so you make structures结构, sub-structures亚结构,
103
290475
1959
然后制作架构以及次级架构,
05:04
which哪一个 allows允许 you to transmit发送 electrical电动 energy能源 or data数据.
104
292434
4033
以便传输电能或数据。
05:08
And now we take this material材料, combine结合 this
105
296467
1937
现在我们用这种材料,结合
05:10
with a top-down自顶向下 approach途径,
106
298404
1578
自上而下的方法,
05:11
and build建立 bigger and bigger components组件.
107
299982
3552
制作更大的组件。
05:15
So how might威力 the airplane飞机 of the future未来 look?
108
303534
3045
那么未来飞机究竟长什么样呢?
05:18
So we have very different不同 seats which哪一个 adapt适应
109
306579
2121
我们会有不同的座位来适应
05:20
to the shape形状 of the future未来 passenger乘客,
110
308700
1623
未来旅客的体型,
05:22
with the different不同 anthropometrics人体测量学.
111
310323
1711
运用不同的人体测量学法。
05:24
We have social社会 areas inside the aircraft飞机
112
312034
2709
飞机内部有公共区域
05:26
which哪一个 might威力 turn into a place地点
113
314743
2760
可能会有
05:29
where you can play virtual虚拟 golf高尔夫球.
114
317503
2200
虚拟高尔夫球场。
05:31
And finally最后, this bionic仿生 structure结构体,
115
319703
2463
最后,这种仿生结构
05:34
which哪一个 is covered覆盖 by a transparent透明
116
322166
2161
由透明生物聚合物膜覆盖
05:36
biopolymer生物聚合物 membrane, will really change更改 radically根本
117
324327
3864
真的会彻底改变
05:40
how we look at aircrafts飞行器 in the future未来.
118
328191
2393
我们未来对飞机的认识。
05:42
So as Jason贾森 Silva席尔瓦 said,
119
330584
2024
正如杰森.席尔瓦所说的,
05:44
if we can imagine想像 it, why not make it so?
120
332608
2523
如果我们能想象,为什么不去实现呢?
05:47
See you in the future未来. Thank you.
121
335131
1735
我们未来见。谢谢。
05:48
(Applause掌声)
122
336866
4262
(掌声)
Translated by Weichen Cai
Reviewed by Julia Xu

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bastian Schaefer - Aircraft engineer
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers.

Why you should listen

Bastian Schaefer is the Cabin and Cargo Innovation Manager at Airbus Operations -- and leads a group of far-thinking engineers who are building out a concept plane. Previously at Airbus, he worked on the development of A380 stairs and components for in-flight entertainment. Between 2006 and 2011 Bastian worked at Bertrand Ingenieurbüro GmbH working on projects with C&D Zodiac Development A350XWB Lavatories, AT Kearney and EADS Technology Watch Consulting. He considers himself a mechanical engineer and has a special interest in cars.

More profile about the speaker
Bastian Schaefer | Speaker | TED.com