ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Junger - Journalist and documentarian
The author of "The Perfect Storm" and the director of the documentaries "Restrepo" and "Korengal," Sebastian Junger tells non-fiction stories with grit and emotion.

Why you should listen

Sebastian Junger thundered onto the media landscape with his non-fiction book, The Perfect Storm. A correspondent for Vanity Fair and ABC News, Junger has covered stories all across the globe, igniting a new interest in non-fiction. One of his main interests: war.

From 2007 to 2008, Junger and photographer Tim Hetherington embedded with the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team in Afghanistan. They spent intensive time with the soldiers at the Restrepo outpost in the Korengal Valley, which saw more combat than any other part of Afghanistan. The experience became Junger's book WAR, and the documentary "Restrepo," which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary in 2011.

Junger and Hetherington planned to make a second documentary on the topic, "Korengal," meant to help soldiers and civilians alike understand the fear, courage and complexity involved in combat. It's a project that Junger decided to carry on after Hetherington was killed in Libya while covering the civil war there. Junger self-financed and released the film.

More profile about the speaker
Sebastian Junger | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSalon NY2014

Sebastian Junger: Why veterans miss war

塞巴斯汀.榮格: 退役軍人為何懷念戰爭

Filmed:
3,922,187 views

老百姓不會懷念戰爭,士兵卻經常會。記者塞巴斯汀.榮格分享他在雷斯特雷波──曾爆發激烈戰爭的阿富汗卡林哥谷地哨站──與美國士兵相處的經歷。他述說戰爭如何讓士兵們感受到強烈的情感聯繫,並帶領我們一瞥因戰爭而改變的心智。這麼說,會不會其實是「戰爭的另一面」讓士兵們感到懷念呢?
- Journalist and documentarian
The author of "The Perfect Storm" and the director of the documentaries "Restrepo" and "Korengal," Sebastian Junger tells non-fiction stories with grit and emotion. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'm going to ask and try to answer回答,
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我要問並且試著回答,
00:14
in some ways方法, kind of an uncomfortable不舒服 question.
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從某種角度來說,敏感的問題。
00:19
Both civilians老百姓, obviously明顯, and soldiers士兵
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顯然,不管是百姓還是士兵
00:22
suffer遭受 in war戰爭;
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都深受戰爭之苦;
00:24
I don't think any civilian平民 has ever missed錯過
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我不認為有哪位平民百姓會想念
00:26
the war戰爭 that they were subjected to.
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曾經經歷過的戰爭。
00:30
I've been covering覆蓋 wars戰爭 for almost幾乎 20 years年份,
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我作戰爭報導 20 年,
00:32
and one of the remarkable卓越 things for me
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有件事讓我感觸很深,
00:35
is how many許多 soldiers士兵 find themselves他們自己 missing失踪 it.
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那就是許多士兵會懷念戰爭。
00:39
How is it someone有人 can go through通過
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為什麼有人會
00:41
the worst最差 experience經驗 imaginable想像,
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在如此慘烈的經歷後,
00:43
and come home, back to their home,
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返回故土、回到家,
00:45
and their family家庭, their country國家, and miss小姐 the war戰爭?
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重回自己的家庭、國家,卻又懷念戰爭?
00:49
How does that work? What does it mean?
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這是為什麼?又意味什麼?
00:52
We have to answer回答 that question,
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我們必須回答這個問題,
00:56
because if we don't, it'll它會 be impossible不可能
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因為若非如此,我們不可能
00:59
to bring帶來 soldiers士兵 back
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將士兵帶回到
01:00
to a place地點 in society社會 where they belong屬於,
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他們所屬的社會中。
01:04
and I think it'll它會 also be impossible不可能 to stop war戰爭,
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我們將無法阻止戰爭,
01:06
if we don't understand理解 how that mechanism機制 works作品.
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除非我們明白背後的道理。
01:09
The problem問題 is that war戰爭
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問題在於,戰爭這檔事,
01:13
does not have a simple簡單, neat整齊 truth真相,
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沒有一個簡單明瞭的真理可言,
01:17
one simple簡單, neat整齊 truth真相.
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完全沒有。
01:19
Any sane明智的 person hates war戰爭,
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有理智的人都厭惡戰爭、
01:21
hates the idea理念 of war戰爭,
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厭惡戰爭的概念、
01:23
wouldn't不會 want to have anything to do with it,
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不想和戰爭扯上關係,
01:26
doesn't want to be near it,
doesn't want to know about it.
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不想接觸也不想知道。
01:29
That's a sane明智的 response響應 to war戰爭.
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這是對戰爭的正常反應。
01:32
But if I asked all of you in this room房間,
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但如果我問在座的各位,
01:34
who here has paid支付 money
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有沒有花過錢
01:38
to go to a cinema電影
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去電影院
01:40
and be entertained封盤 by a Hollywood好萊塢 war戰爭 movie電影,
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看好萊塢戰爭片當作娛樂,
01:43
most of you would probably大概 raise提高 your hands.
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多數人應該都會舉手。
01:47
That's what's so complicated複雜 about war戰爭.
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戰爭就是如此複雜。
01:49
And trust相信 me, if a room房間 full充分 of peace-loving愛好和平的 people
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如果一群和平愛好者
01:53
finds認定 something compelling引人注目 about war戰爭,
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都可以感受戰爭吸引人之處,
01:56
so do 20-year-old-歲 soldiers士兵
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更不用說受過專門訓練、
01:59
who have been trained熟練 in it, I promise諾言 you.
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血氣方剛的 20 歲小伙子。
02:02
That's the thing that has to be understood了解.
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我們必須明白這一點。
02:05
I've covered覆蓋 war戰爭 for about 20 years年份, as I said,
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我作戰爭報導 20 年,
02:08
but my most intense激烈 experiences經驗 in combat戰鬥
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在戰地最深刻的記憶當數
02:11
were with American美國 soldiers士兵 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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和阿富汗的美國士兵共處的那段時光。
02:15
I've been in Africa非洲, the Middle中間 East,
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我去過非洲、中東,
02:16
Afghanistan阿富汗 in the '90s,
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90 年代去過阿富汗,
02:18
but it was with American美國 soldiers士兵 in 2007, 2008,
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但和美國士兵一起的經歷是 2007、2008 年。
02:22
that I was confronted面對 with
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當時,我參與了一場
02:25
very intense激烈 combat戰鬥.
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非常激烈的戰役。
02:26
I was in a small valley called the KorengalKorengal Valley
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我當時在一個叫卡林哥的谷地,
02:28
in eastern Afghanistan阿富汗.
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位於東阿富汗。
02:31
It was six miles英里 long.
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谷地有六英里長。
02:33
There were 150 men男人 of
Battle戰鬥 Company公司 in that valley,
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在那有 150 人的戰鬥連隊。
02:36
and for a while, while I was there,
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曾有那麼一陣子,
我還在那的時候,
02:40
almost幾乎 20 percent百分 of all the combat戰鬥
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阿富汗全境的戰爭
02:42
in all of Afghanistan阿富汗 was happening事件
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有百分之二十
02:44
in those six miles英里.
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就發生在這六英里內。
02:45
A hundred and fifty五十 men男人 were absorbing吸收
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150 名士兵承受著
02:48
almost幾乎 a fifth第五 of the combat戰鬥 for all of NATO北約 forces軍隊
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北約在阿富汗五分之一的戰鬥,
02:51
in the country國家, for a couple一對 months個月.
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為期數月。
02:54
It was very intense激烈.
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戰爭非常激烈。
02:56
I spent花費 most of my time at a small outpost前哨
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我大部分的時間在一個
叫雷斯特雷波的小哨站度過。
02:58
called Restrepo雷斯特雷波.
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02:59
It was named命名 after the platoon medic軍醫
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這名稱是為紀念一位醫護兵,
03:01
that had been killed殺害 about two
months個月 into the deployment部署.
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他被部署到戰地兩個月就犧牲了。
03:04
It was a few少數 plywood合板 B-hutsB-小屋
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哨站是個膠合板搭成的簡陋兵舍,
03:08
clinging執著 to a side of a ridge,
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依著山脊的一側而建,
03:12
and sandbags沙包, bunkers沙坑, gun positions位置,
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還有沙袋、掩體、散兵坑。
03:16
and there were 20 men男人 up there
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那裡有 20 個人,
03:18
of Second第二 Platoon, Battle戰鬥 Company公司.
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隸屬戰鬥連第二排。
03:20
I spent花費 most of my time up there.
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我在那度過大部分的時間。
03:22
There was no running賽跑 water.
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沒有流動水源。
03:23
There was no way to bathe洗澡.
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洗澡是奢望。
03:25
The guys were up there for a month at a time.
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士兵們在那一待就是一個月。
03:27
They never even got out of their clothes衣服.
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他們甚至衣服都不脫。
03:29
They fought戰鬥. The worked工作.
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戰鬥、出任務、
03:31
They slept in the same相同 clothes衣服.
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睡覺都穿同一套衣服。
03:33
They never took them off,
and at the end結束 of the month,
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他們從不脫衣服,到月底,
03:35
they went back down to the company公司 headquarters司令部,
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他們回到總部時,
03:37
and by then, their clothes衣服 were unwearableunwearable.
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身上的衣服都不能穿了。
03:39
They burned them and got a new set.
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他們就燒掉它,領一套新的。
03:42
There was no Internet互聯網. There was no phone電話.
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那裡沒有網路、沒有電話、
03:43
There was no communication通訊
with the outside world世界 up there.
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沒有對外的聯繫、
03:47
There was no cooked food餐飲.
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沒有現做的食物、
03:50
There was nothing up there
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沒有任何
03:53
that young年輕 men男人 typically一般 like:
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年輕人喜歡的東西:
03:54
no cars汽車, no girls女孩, no television電視, nothing
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沒車、沒妞、沒電視,什麼都沒有。
03:58
except combat戰鬥.
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除了戰鬥。
04:00
Combat戰鬥 they did learn學習 to like.
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他們因此被訓練成喜歡戰鬥。
04:04
I remember記得 one day, it was a very hot day
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我記得有次,一個大熱天,
04:06
in the spring彈簧,
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還是春天,
04:08
and we hadn't有沒有 been in a fight鬥爭
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我們已經沒事做
04:10
in a couple一對 of weeks, maybe.
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大概幾星期時間了。
04:13
Usually平時, the outpost前哨 was attacked襲擊,
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哨站通常都會遭受攻擊,
04:15
and we hadn't有沒有 seen看到 any
combat戰鬥 in a couple一對 of weeks,
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但是當時已經幾週沒遇到攻擊了,
04:18
and everyone大家 was just stunned目瞪口呆
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每個人都閒得發慌、
04:21
with boredom無聊 and heat.
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熱得發昏。
04:23
And I remember記得 the lieutenant陸軍中尉 walking步行 past過去 me
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我記得一個中尉從我身邊走過,
04:27
sort分類 of stripped剝離 to the waist腰部.
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打著赤膊。
04:29
It was incredibly令人難以置信 hot.
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當時真的很熱。
04:31
Stripped剝離 to the waist腰部, walked past過去 me muttering咕噥,
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他光著膀子走過,咕噥著:
04:34
"Oh God, please someone有人 attack攻擊 us today今天."
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「天哪,來次襲擊吧!」
04:36
That's how bored無聊 they were.
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他們已經無聊到不行了。
04:39
That's war戰爭 too, is a lieutenant陸軍中尉 saying,
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這也是戰爭的一部分,就像個中尉說:
04:42
"Please make something happen發生
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「拜託給我們點事做,
04:44
because we're going crazy."
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不然我們要瘋了。」
04:46
To understand理解 that,
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要理解他們的想法,
04:49
you have to, for a moment時刻,
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你必須暫時
04:51
think about combat戰鬥 not morally道德 --
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以非道德的角度思考一下戰爭。
04:53
that's an important重要 job工作 to do —
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這很重要。
04:55
but for a moment時刻, don't think about it morally道德,
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只是暫時地,不從道德角度,
04:57
think about it neurologically神經學.
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而是從神經學的角度。
05:00
Let's think about what happens發生 in your brain
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大家想一下,你在戰鬥中,
05:02
when you're in combat戰鬥.
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你的腦子裡會發生什麼事?
05:04
First of all, the experience經驗
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首先,這種體驗
05:07
is very bizarre奇異的, it's a very bizarre奇異的 one.
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是很奇異的,簡直非同尋常。
05:11
It's not what I had expected預期.
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是我從來沒預料到的。
05:14
Usually平時, you're not scared害怕.
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通常你並不會感到害怕。
05:16
I've been very scared害怕 in combat戰鬥,
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戰鬥時我也曾感到非常害怕過,
05:18
but most of the time when I was out there,
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但大多數時候我在那,
05:20
I wasn't scared害怕.
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是不害怕的。
05:21
I was very scared害怕 beforehand預先
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去之前害怕過,
05:23
and incredibly令人難以置信 scared害怕 afterwards之後,
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回來之後也害怕,
05:25
and that fear恐懼 that comes afterwards之後 can last years年份.
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這種恐懼能持續好幾年。
05:27
I haven't沒有 been shot射擊 at in six years年份,
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我已有六年沒在槍林彈雨下,
05:29
and I was woken喚醒 up very abruptly突然 this morning早上
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但今早我猛然驚醒,
05:32
by a nightmare惡夢 that I was being存在 strafed掃射 by aircraft飛機,
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夢到我被戰機掃射。
05:35
six years年份 later後來.
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都六年了。
05:36
I've never even been strafed掃射 by aircraft飛機,
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我甚至沒被戰機掃射過,
05:38
and I was having nightmares噩夢 about it.
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但我卻會做這樣的惡夢。
05:41
Time slows減緩 down.
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時間慢下來、
05:43
You get this weird奇怪的 tunnel隧道 vision視力.
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視野變得狹窄、
05:45
You notice注意 some details細節 very, very, very accurately準確
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異常敏銳地注意到一些細節
05:49
and other things drop下降 out.
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而其他事被忽略。
05:51
It's almost幾乎 a slightly altered改變 state of mind心神.
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某種角度來說,改變人的心智。
05:54
What's happening事件 in your brain
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大腦開始作動,
05:55
is you're getting得到 an enormous巨大 amount of adrenaline腎上腺素
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腎上腺素被大量分泌,
05:58
pumped through通過 your system系統.
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流經你的全身。
06:00
Young年輕 men男人 will go to great lengths長度
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年輕人為了獲得這體驗,
06:02
to have that experience經驗.
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可以做出許多瘋狂的事。
06:05
It's wired有線 into us.
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這是個內建在身體的
06:08
It's hormonally激素 supported支持的.
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荷爾蒙調控機制。
06:11
The mortality死亡 rate for young年輕 men男人 in society社會
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社會上,年輕男性的死亡率
06:15
is six times what it is for young年輕 women婦女
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是年輕女性的六倍。
06:18
from violence暴力 and from accidents事故,
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死因是暴力或意外。
06:19
just the stupid stuff東東 that young年輕 men男人 do:
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反正就是年輕人愛幹的那些蠢事:
06:22
jumping跳躍 off of things they shouldn't不能 jump off of,
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從不該跳的地方跳下去、
06:24
lighting燈光 things on fire they shouldn't不能 light on fire,
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把不該點的東西點著了……
06:26
I mean, you know what I'm talking about.
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總之,你懂的。
06:29
They die at six times the rate
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年輕男性的死亡率
06:31
that young年輕 women婦女 do.
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是年輕女性的六倍。
06:32
Statistically統計學, you are safer更安全 as a teenage青少年 boy男孩,
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從統計數字上來說,一個小伙子
06:36
you would be safer更安全 in the fire department
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待在美國城市的消防隊
06:39
or the police警察 department in most American美國 cities城市
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或是警察局,
06:41
than just walking步行 around the
streets街道 of your hometown家鄉
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會比在老家的街上閒逛、
06:44
looking for something to do,
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找事幹,要安全得多。
06:46
statistically統計學.
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從統計數字上來看的話是如此。
06:49
You can imagine想像 how that plays播放 out in combat戰鬥.
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你可以想像這在戰爭中也一樣。
06:52
At Restrepo雷斯特雷波, every一切 guy up there was almost幾乎 killed殺害,
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在雷斯特雷波,幾乎每個人都命懸一線,
06:55
including包含 me,
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包括我,
06:57
including包含 my good friend朋友 Tim蒂姆 Hetherington赫瑟林頓,
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包括我的好朋友蒂姆.赫瑟林頓,
06:59
who was later後來 killed殺害 in Libya利比亞.
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他後來在利比亞犧牲了。
07:02
There were guys walking步行 around
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那有很多士兵
07:03
with bullet子彈 holes in their uniforms制服,
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穿著被子彈打穿的制服,
07:05
rounds that had cut through通過 the fabric
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子彈打穿了布料,
07:07
and didn't touch觸摸 their bodies身體.
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沒碰到他們的身體。
07:10
I was leaning against反對 some sandbags沙包 one morning早上,
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一天早上,我靠著沙袋,
07:13
not much going on, sort分類 of spacing間距 out,
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沒事做,正神遊的時候,
07:16
and some sand was kicked into the side of,
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一些沙子飛起,
07:20
sort分類 of hit擊中 the side of my face面對.
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打在我的側臉上。
07:23
Something hit擊中 the side of my face面對,
and I didn't know what it was.
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有東西打在我臉上,
但我不知道是什麽。
07:25
You have to understand理解 about bullets子彈
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你得知道子彈這東西
07:26
that they go a lot faster更快 than sound聲音,
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飛得比音速還快。
07:28
so if someone有人 shoots at you
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如果有人朝你開槍,
07:30
from a few少數 hundred meters,
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射程幾百米的話,
07:32
the bullet子彈 goes by you, or hits點擊 you obviously明顯,
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子彈不是與你擦肩而過,就是擊中你
07:35
half a second第二 or so before
the sound聲音 catches漁獲 up to it.
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而槍聲半秒之後才會傳來。
07:38
So I had some sand sprayed in the side of my face面對.
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所以沙子打到我的側臉上,
07:40
Half a second第二 later後來, I heard聽說 dut-dut-dut-dut-duhDUT-DUT-DUT式DUT咄.
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半秒之後,我才聽到槍聲。
07:42
It was machine gun fire.
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是機關槍的聲音。
07:43
It was the first round回合, the first burst爆裂
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那是第一輪襲擊,
07:46
of an hour-long長達一小時 firefight交火.
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槍戰維持了一個小時之久。
07:49
What had happened發生 was the bullet子彈 hit擊中,
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那發子彈濺起沙子,撲在我臉上,
07:52
a bullet子彈 hit擊中 three or four inches英寸
from the side of my head.
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一發子彈打在離我腦袋三、四吋的地方。
07:55
Imagine想像, just think about it, because I certainly當然 did,
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想像一下,其實我後來也的確想了,
08:00
think about the angle角度 of deviation偏差 that saved保存 my life.
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就是這點偏差救了我一命。
08:02
At 400 meters, it missed錯過 me by three inches英寸.
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400 公尺外,它差 3 英吋就要擊中我。
08:04
Just think about the math數學 on that.
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想想這驚悚的數字。
08:09
Every一切 guy up there
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每個在那的士兵,
08:11
had some experience經驗 like that,
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都有類似的經驗,
08:12
at least最小 once一旦, if not many許多 times.
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如果不是幾次,至少也有一次。
08:16
The boys男孩 are up there for a year.
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小伙子們在那待了一年,
08:18
They got back.
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然後回家。
08:20
Some of them got out of the Army軍隊
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有些人退伍回家,
08:22
and had tremendous巨大 psychological心理
problems問題 when they got home.
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心理上還有嚴重的問題。
08:24
Some of them stayed in the Army軍隊
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有些人留在軍隊,
08:26
and were more or less okay, psychologically心理.
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心理狀況稍微好些。
08:29
I was particularly尤其 close to a
guy named命名 Brendan布倫丹 O'Byrne奧伯恩.
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我和叫布蘭登.歐布萊恩
的小伙子走很近。
08:32
I'm still very good friends朋友 with him.
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我們仍是好朋友。
08:34
He came來了 back to the States狀態. He got out of the Army軍隊.
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他回美國之後離開了部隊。
08:37
I had a dinner晚餐 party派對 one night.
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有次,我舉辦晚宴,
08:39
I invited邀請 him,
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邀請了他。
08:41
and he started開始 talking with a woman女人,
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晚宴上他和一位女士交談,
08:45
one of my friends朋友,
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也是我的朋友,
08:46
and she knew知道 how bad it had been out there,
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她知道戰地生活的險惡,
08:49
and she said, "Brendan布倫丹,
203
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她說:「布蘭登,
08:51
is there anything at all that you miss小姐 about
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在阿富汗打仗,
08:54
being存在 out in Afghanistan阿富汗, about the war戰爭?"
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有沒有什麽讓你懷念的?」
08:58
And he thought about it quite相當 a long time,
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3169
他想了很久,
09:01
and finally最後 he said, "Ma'am女士, I miss小姐 almost幾乎 all of it."
207
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最後說:「女士,我懷念那裡的一切。」
09:06
And he's one of the most traumatized創傷 people
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他是我見過,在那場戰爭中,
09:09
I've seen看到 from that war戰爭.
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受創最嚴重的人之一。
09:13
"Ma'am女士, I miss小姐 almost幾乎 all of it."
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2011
「女士,我懷念那裡的一切。」
09:15
What is he talking about?
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這究竟意味著什麼?
09:18
He's not a psychopath精神病患者.
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他不是精神病患、
09:21
He doesn't miss小姐 killing謀殺 people.
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不懷念殺人、
09:23
He's not crazy. He doesn't miss小姐 getting得到 shot射擊 at
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沒有瘋、不喜歡被槍射、
09:25
and seeing眼看 his friends朋友 get killed殺害.
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不希望戰友犧牲。
09:27
What is it that he misses錯過? We have to answer回答 that.
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那他懷念的是什麽?
這問題我們必須回答。
09:31
If we're going to stop war戰爭, we
have to answer回答 that question.
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想阻止戰爭發生,
我們必須回答這個問題。
09:37
I think what he missed錯過 is brotherhood手足情誼.
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我認為,他懷念的是袍澤之情。
09:42
He missed錯過, in some ways方法,
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從某種角度來說,他懷念的
09:44
the opposite對面 of killing謀殺.
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是殺戮的反面,
09:46
What he missed錯過 was connection連接
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是他與其他士兵之間的
09:48
to the other men男人 he was with.
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情感聯繫。
09:50
Now, brotherhood手足情誼 is different不同 from friendship友誼.
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這裡的袍澤之情不同於友誼。
09:53
Friendship友誼 happens發生 in society社會, obviously明顯.
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友誼多見於社會上,
09:57
The more you like someone有人,
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1538
你愈喜歡一個人,
09:58
the more you'd be willing願意 to do for them.
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愈情願為他付出。
10:00
Brotherhood手足情誼 has nothing to do
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但是袍澤之情,
10:02
with how you feel about the other person.
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與對他人的感覺無關。
10:05
It's a mutual相互 agreement協議 in a group
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那是群體中的共識,
10:08
that you will put the welfare福利 of the group,
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大家都會把群體的福祉、
10:10
you will put the safety安全 of everyone大家 in the group
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2020
群體中他人的安危,
10:12
above以上 your own擁有.
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1860
置於自身安危之上。
10:14
In effect影響, you're saying,
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實際上相當於說:
10:18
"I love these other people more than I love myself."
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「我愛他人勝過愛自己。」
10:23
Brendan布倫丹 was a team球隊 leader領導
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布蘭登是一個隊長,
10:25
in command命令 of three men男人,
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手下有三名士兵。
10:26
and the worst最差 day in Afghanistan阿富汗
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他在阿富汗經歷了最慘痛的一天:
10:30
He was almost幾乎 killed殺害 so many許多 times.
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他好幾次險些喪生,
10:33
It didn't bother him.
239
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但這對他不算什麽。
10:34
The worst最差 thing that happened發生 to him in Afghanistan阿富汗
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對他來說最慘痛的是,
10:37
was one of his men男人 was hit擊中 in the head with a bullet子彈
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他的一個手下被子彈射中頭部,
10:39
in the helmet頭盔, knocked被撞 him over.
242
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4484
打到鋼盔,把他震昏了。
10:44
They thought he was dead.
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他們以為他死了。
10:45
It was in the middle中間 of a huge巨大 firefight交火.
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當時戰況正酣,
10:46
No one could deal合同 with it, and a minute分鐘 later後來,
245
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2020
沒人顧得上他,一分鐘之後,
10:48
Kyle凱爾 Steiner施泰納 satSAT back up
246
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2040
凱爾.史坦納坐了起來,
10:51
from the dead, as it were,
247
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1925
像是復活一樣,
10:52
because he'd他會 come back to consciousness意識.
248
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2025
因為他又恢復了意識。
10:54
The bullet子彈 had just knocked被撞 him out.
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子彈只是震昏他。
10:56
It glanced瞥了一眼 off the helmet頭盔.
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鋼盔擋開了子彈。
10:58
He remembers記得 people saying,
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他記得,
11:00
as he was sort分類 of half-conscious半意識,
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在他半昏半醒時,
11:01
he remembers記得 people saying,
253
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3499
聽到人們說:
11:05
"Steiner's施泰納 been hit擊中 in the head. Steiner's施泰納 dead."
254
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「史坦納被擊中頭部,他死了。」
11:07
And he was thinking思維, "I'm not dead."
255
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他想:「我沒死。」
11:08
And he satSAT up.
256
656899
1748
於是坐了起來。
11:10
And Brendan布倫丹 realized實現 after that
257
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2197
之後布蘭登意識到,
11:12
that he could not protect保護 his men男人,
258
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1641
他沒能保護自己的手下。
11:14
and that was the only time he cried哭了 in Afghanistan阿富汗,
259
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2378
在阿富汗那麽久,他第一次哭了,
11:16
was realizing實現 that.
260
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2965
因為他意識到了這件事。
11:19
That's brotherhood手足情誼.
261
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2512
這就是袍澤之情。
11:22
This wasn't invented發明 recently最近.
262
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2432
這不是什麼新詞。
11:24
Many許多 of you have probably大概 read "The Iliad伊利亞特."
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在座許多人可能讀過《伊利亞德》。
11:27
Achilles阿喀琉斯 surely一定 would have risked冒險 his life
264
675269
1971
阿基里斯寧願犧牲自己,
11:29
or given特定 his life to save保存 his friend朋友 Patroclus帕特羅克洛斯.
265
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要保護他的朋友帕特羅克洛斯。
11:34
In World世界 War戰爭 IIII, there were many許多 stories故事
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2938
在二戰期間,也有許多故事。
11:36
of soldiers士兵 who were wounded負傷,
267
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受傷的士兵,
11:40
were brought to a rear base基礎 hospital醫院,
268
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2067
被送去後方戰地醫院,
11:42
who went AWOL擅離職守,
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1356
但他們會逃跑。
11:43
crawled out of windows視窗, slipped下滑 out doors,
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爬窗翻牆、
11:45
went AWOL擅離職守, wounded負傷,
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3598
身負重傷,
11:49
to make their way back to the front面前 lines
272
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也要回到前線,
11:50
to rejoin歸隊 their brothers兄弟 out there.
273
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2636
重回戰友身邊。
11:53
So you think about Brendan布倫丹,
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2349
所以想到布蘭登,
11:55
you think about all these soldiers士兵
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就能想到這些戰士。
11:59
having an experience經驗 like that, a bond like that,
276
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有如此經歷、如此的感情紐帶,
12:01
in a small group,
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在一個小群體,
12:03
where they loved喜愛 20 other people
278
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關心著其他 20 個人
12:05
in some ways方法 more than they loved喜愛 themselves他們自己,
279
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勝過關心自己,
12:08
you think about how good that would feel, imagine想像 it,
280
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想像一下這是多美好的體驗。
12:13
and they are blessed幸福 with that experience經驗 for a year,
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他們有幸能有這樣一年的經歷。
12:18
and then they come home,
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後來回到家中,
12:19
and they are just back in society社會
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回到社會,
12:22
like the rest休息 of us are,
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像我們普通人一樣,
12:25
not knowing會心 who they can count計數 on,
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不知道自己可以依靠誰、
12:28
not knowing會心 who loves them, who they can love,
286
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不知道誰深愛自己、誰值得自己去愛、
12:33
not knowing會心 exactly究竟 what anyone任何人 they know
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2591
不知道那些自己認識的人
12:35
would do for them if it came來了 down to it.
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在關鍵時刻願意為他們做什麼。
12:38
That is terrifying可怕的.
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這是很恐怖的事情。
12:41
Compared相比 to that,
290
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1990
相較之下,
12:43
war戰爭, psychologically心理, in some ways方法, is easy簡單,
291
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4074
戰爭從某種角度來說,對心理很簡單,
12:47
compared相比 to that kind of alienation異化.
292
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2497
沒有這種疏離感。
12:50
That's why they miss小姐 it,
293
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1390
這就是為什麽他們會懷念戰爭。
12:51
and that's what we have to understand理解
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這是我們必須要瞭解,
12:54
and in some ways方法 fix固定 in our society社會.
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也是我們需要修正社會的部分。
12:57
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝各位。
13:00
(Applause掌聲)
297
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2955
(掌聲)
Translated by Kuan-Yi Li
Reviewed by Adrienne Lin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Junger - Journalist and documentarian
The author of "The Perfect Storm" and the director of the documentaries "Restrepo" and "Korengal," Sebastian Junger tells non-fiction stories with grit and emotion.

Why you should listen

Sebastian Junger thundered onto the media landscape with his non-fiction book, The Perfect Storm. A correspondent for Vanity Fair and ABC News, Junger has covered stories all across the globe, igniting a new interest in non-fiction. One of his main interests: war.

From 2007 to 2008, Junger and photographer Tim Hetherington embedded with the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team in Afghanistan. They spent intensive time with the soldiers at the Restrepo outpost in the Korengal Valley, which saw more combat than any other part of Afghanistan. The experience became Junger's book WAR, and the documentary "Restrepo," which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary in 2011.

Junger and Hetherington planned to make a second documentary on the topic, "Korengal," meant to help soldiers and civilians alike understand the fear, courage and complexity involved in combat. It's a project that Junger decided to carry on after Hetherington was killed in Libya while covering the civil war there. Junger self-financed and released the film.

More profile about the speaker
Sebastian Junger | Speaker | TED.com