ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Larry Brilliant - Epidemiologist, philanthropist
TED Prize winner Larry Brilliant has spent his career solving the ills of today -- from overseeing the last smallpox cases to saving millions from blindness -- and building technologies of the future. Now, as Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, he's redefining how we solve the world's biggest problems.

Why you should listen

Larry Brilliant's career path, as unlikely as it is inspirational, has proven worthy of his surname. Trained as a doctor, he was living in a Himalayan monastery in the early 1970s when his guru told him he should help rid the world of smallpox. He joined the World Health Organization's eradication project, directed efforts to eliminate the disease in India and eventually presided over the last case of smallpox on the planet.

Not content with beating a single disease, he founded the nonprofit Seva Foundation, which has cured more than two million people of blindness in 15 countries through innovative surgery, self-sufficient eye care systems and low-cost manufacturing of intraocular lenses. Outside the medical field, he found time to cofound the legendary online community The Well, and run two public tech companies. Time and WIRED magazines call him a "technology visionary."

His 2006 TED Prize wish drew on both sides of his career: He challenged the TED community to help him build a global early-response system to spot new diseases as quickly as they emerge. Called InSTEDD, the system has grown into a network of 100 digital detection partners, which provide tools that help the UN, WHO and CDC track potential pandemics. 

Shortly after he won the TED Prize, Google executives asked Brilliant to run their new philanthropic arm, Google.org. So, between consulting on the WHO's polio eradication project and designing a disease-surveillance network, he harnessed Google's brains and billions in a mix of for-profit and nonprofit ventures tackling the global problems of disease, poverty and climate change. Today, Brilliant is Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, where he heads a team whose mission is to confront global threats imperiling humanity: pandemics, climate change, water security, nuclear proliferation and Middle East conflict.

More profile about the speaker
Larry Brilliant | Speaker | TED.com
TED2006

Larry Brilliant: My wish: Help me stop pandemics

Larry Brilliant想要防止大流行病(瘟疫)傳播

Filmed:
854,467 views

當2006年(Larry Brilliant博士接受TED獎時,談如何消滅天花,且呼籲成立一個新的國際組織來防止大流行在世界傳播開來。
- Epidemiologist, philanthropist
TED Prize winner Larry Brilliant has spent his career solving the ills of today -- from overseeing the last smallpox cases to saving millions from blindness -- and building technologies of the future. Now, as Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, he's redefining how we solve the world's biggest problems. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
I'm the luckiest幸運 guy in the world世界.
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我是這世界上最幸運的人。
00:28
I got to see the last case案件 of killer兇手 smallpox天花 in the world世界.
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我有機會看到世界上最後一宗致命天花的案例。
00:32
I was in India印度 this past過去 year,
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去年我在印度
00:34
and I may可能 have seen看到 the last cases of polio脊髓灰質炎 in the world世界.
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可能也看到世上最後一宗小兒痲痹案例。
00:40
There's nothing that makes品牌 you feel more -- the blessing祝福 and the honor榮譽
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沒有什麼比這感覺更好的:有這樣的福氣及榮耀
00:44
of working加工 in a program程序 like that than to know
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可以在這樣一個團隊中工作
00:48
that something that horrible可怕 no longer exists存在.
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知道這麼恐怖的東西不復存在。
00:52
So, I'm going to tell -- (Applause掌聲) --
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所以,我要說 (掌聲)
00:56
so, I'm going to show顯示 you some dirty pictures圖片.
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所以,我要給你們看一些可怕的圖片。
00:59
They are difficult to watch, but you should look at them with optimism樂觀
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看這些圖片很難熬,但你們應該抱以樂觀的態度
01:05
because the horror恐怖 of these pictures圖片 will be matched匹配
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因為圖片恐怖的程度
01:10
by the uplifting令人振奮 quality質量 of knowing會心 that they no longer exist存在.
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與知道它們不復存在所帶來的振奮感相當。
01:15
But first I'm going to tell you a little bit about my own擁有 journey旅程.
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但我要先告訴你們一些我經歷的事。
01:20
My background背景 is not exactly究竟 the conventional常規 medical education教育
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我的背景不完全像你們預期的
01:23
that you might威力 expect期望.
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傳統醫學教育。
01:27
When I was an intern實習生 in San Francisco弗朗西斯科,
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我在舊金山實習的時候,
01:30
I heard聽說 about a group of Native本地人 Americans美國人
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我聽說有一群美國原住民(美洲印第安人)
01:33
who had taken採取 over Alcatraz惡魔 Island,
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居住在惡魔島(Alcatraz Island),
01:35
and a Native本地人 American美國 who wanted to give birth分娩 on that island,
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有一個印地安人在島上要生小孩,
01:38
and no other doctor醫生 wanted to go and help her give birth分娩.
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但沒有醫生想去那裡幫她接生。
01:42
I went out to Alcatraz惡魔, and I lived生活 on the island for several一些 weeks.
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我去了惡魔島,在那住了幾個禮拜。
01:46
She gave birth分娩; I caught抓住 the baby寶寶; I got off the island;
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她生了小孩,我接生了嬰兒,然後我離開那個島。
01:49
I landed登陸 in San Francisco弗朗西斯科; and all the press wanted to talk to me
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我回到舊金山,所有媒體都想要訪問我,
01:53
because my three weeks on the island made製作 me an expert專家 in Indian印度人 affairs事務.
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因為在那兒的三個禮拜,讓我成為印地安問題的專家。
01:58
I wound傷口 up on every一切 television電視 show顯示.
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我上了每個電視節目。
02:00
Someone有人 saw me on television電視; they called me up; and they asked me
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有人看到我在節目上,打電話問我
02:03
if I'd like to be in a movie電影 and to play a young年輕 doctor醫生
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願不願意在一部電影中演個
02:06
for a bunch of rock and roll stars明星 who were traveling旅行 in a bus總線 ride
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一群搭車由舊金山前往英國的搖滾樂星們
02:09
from San Francisco弗朗西斯科 to England英國. And I said, yes, I would do that,
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的隨隊年輕醫生。我說:「好,我可以。」
02:13
so I became成為 the doctor醫生 in an absolutely絕對 awful可怕 movie電影
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所以我成為一部大爛片中的醫生,
02:17
called "Medicine醫學 Ball Caravan大篷車."
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這部片叫「Medicine Ball Caravan」。
02:20
Now, you know from the '60s,
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好,你知道在六零年代,
02:22
you're either on the bus總線 or you're off the bus總線.
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你要不是在車上旅行; 就是根本不在車上。(摘錄Ken Kesey 的名言,指跟 Kesey 同陣線或不同)
02:25
I was on the bus總線. My wife妻子 and I, of 37 years年份, joined加盟 the bus總線.
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我在車上。我太太和我,共37年,加入了車隊(指這事業)。
02:28
Our bus總線 ride took us from San Francisco弗朗西斯科 to London倫敦.
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我們的車帶我們從舊金山到倫敦。
02:31
We switched交換的 buses公共汽車 at the big pond池塘. We then got on two more buses公共汽車
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我們在大西洋換了車。然後又換了兩次車
02:35
and we drove開車 through通過 Turkey火雞 and Iran伊朗, Afghanistan阿富汗,
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我們開過土耳其、伊朗、阿富汗、
02:38
over the Khyber開伯爾 Pass通過, into Pakistan巴基斯坦, like every一切 other young年輕 doctor醫生.
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穿過開伯爾山口進入巴基斯坦,就跟其他年輕醫生一樣。
02:43
This is us at the Khyber開伯爾 Pass通過, and that's our bus總線.
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這是我們在開伯爾山口,那是我們的車。
02:45
We had some difficulty困難 getting得到 over the Khyber開伯爾 Pass通過,
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我們在穿越開伯爾山口時遇到些困難,
02:49
but we wound傷口 up in India印度.
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但我們最後到了印度。
02:52
And then, like everyone大家 else其他 in our generation,
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然後,跟所有我們這輩的人一樣,
02:54
we went to live生活 in a Himalayan喜馬拉雅 monastery修道院.
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我們住在喜馬拉雅山脈的修道院內。
02:56
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:00
This is just like a residency住院醫師 program程序,
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這是我們的駐院醫師實習訓練,
03:02
for those of you that are in medical school學校.
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跟醫學院的學生所應受的駐院實習訓練一樣.
03:04
And we studied研究 with a wise明智的 man, a guru領袖 named命名 KaroliKaroli Baba巴巴,
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我們跟一個很有智慧的人學習,叫Karoli Baba的古魯(印度教的導師),
03:10
who then told me to get rid擺脫 of the dress連衣裙,
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他告訴我們脫下袍子
03:13
put on a three-piece三件套 suit適合,
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穿上西裝
03:15
go join加入 the United聯合的 Nations國家 as a diplomat外交官
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去加入聯合國當個外交官
03:18
and work for the World世界 Health健康 Organization組織.
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為世界衛生組織工作。
03:21
And he made製作 an outrageous蠻橫的 prediction預測 that smallpox天花 would be eradicated根除,
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他還不可思議的預測天花可以被消滅,
03:25
and that this was God's gift禮品 to humanity人性
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而這是上帝給人類的禮物,
03:28
because of the hard work of dedicated專用 scientists科學家們.
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因為在這些科學家的努力下
03:31
And that prediction預測 came來了 true真正, and this little girl女孩 is RahimaRahima Banu巴努,
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這個預測成真了。這個小女孩是Rahima Banu,
03:36
and she was the last case案件 of killer兇手 smallpox天花 in the world世界.
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她是最後一宗致命天花的患者。
03:40
And this document文件 is the certificate證書 that the global全球 commission佣金 signed
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這是一張世界委員會開的證明文件
03:45
certifying認證 the world世界 to have eradicated根除 the first disease疾病 in history歷史.
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證明史上第一次消滅一種疾病。
03:51
The key to eradicating根除 smallpox天花 was early detection發現, early response響應.
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消滅天花最重要的是早發現、早行動。
03:57
I'm going to ask you to repeat重複 that: early detection發現, early response響應.
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我要你們重複這個「早發現、早行動」
04:01
Can you say that?
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你們可以說嗎?
04:03
Audience聽眾: Early detection發現, early response響應.
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觀眾:早發現、早行動。
04:05
Larry拉里 Brilliant輝煌: Smallpox天花 was the worst最差 disease疾病 in history歷史.
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Larry Brilliant:天花是史上最嚴重的疾病。
04:08
It killed殺害 more people than all the wars戰爭 in history歷史.
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它殺死的人比任何戰爭都多。
04:11
In the last century世紀, it killed殺害 500 million百萬 people.
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在上個世紀,有五億人死於天花。
04:17
More than two -- you're reading about Larry拉里 Page already已經,
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超過兩個--你已經在看Larry Page了,
04:20
somebody reads very fast快速. (Laughter笑聲)
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有些人看得很快。(笑聲)
04:22
In the year that Larry拉里 Page and Sergey謝爾蓋 Brin布林 --
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在Larry Page和Sergey Brinn--
04:25
with whom I have a certain某些 affection感情 and a new affiliation聯繫 --
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我和他們有些關係和最近的新組織--
04:28
in the year in which哪一個 they were born天生,
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在他們出生那年,
04:30
two million百萬 people died死亡 of smallpox天花.
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兩百萬人死於天花。
04:33
We declared聲明 smallpox天花 eradicated根除 in 1980.
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我們在1980年宣布天花被消滅了。
04:38
This is the most important重要 slide滑動 that I've ever seen看到 in public上市 health健康
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這是我在公衛上看過最重要的投影片,
04:42
because it shows節目 you to be the richest首富 and the strongest最強,
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因為它告訴你:就算你是最富有,最有強壯的人、
04:46
and to be kings國王 and queens皇后 of the world世界,
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是世界上最有權的國王皇后(埃及法老照片:死於天花)
04:48
did not protect保護 you from dying垂死 of smallpox天花.
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也沒辦法讓你不受害於天花。
04:50
Never can you doubt懷疑 that we are all in this together一起.
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無法否認, 我們大家在同一條船上.
04:55
But to see smallpox天花 from the perspective透視 of a sovereign君主
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以一個最高統治者的角度來看天花
04:59
is the wrong錯誤 perspective透視.
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是錯誤的。
05:01
You should see it from the perspective透視 of a mother母親
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你應該以一個母親的角色
05:04
watching觀看 her child兒童 develop發展 this disease疾病 and standing常設 by helplessly無奈.
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看他的孩子染病卻束手無策。
05:08
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six.
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第一天、第二天、第三天、第四天、第五天、第六天。
05:19
You're a mother母親 and you're watching觀看 your child兒童,
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你是個母親而你正在看你的小孩,
05:22
and on day six, you see pustules膿皰 that become成為 hard.
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在第六天,你看到膿包變硬。
05:27
Day seven, they show顯示 the classic經典 scars傷疤 of smallpox天花 umbilicationumbilication.
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第七天,你看到天花經典的臍狀疤。
05:33
Day eight.
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第八天。
05:34
And Al Gore血塊 said earlier that the most photographed拍照 image圖片 in the world世界,
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高爾之前說世界上最常被拍照的、
05:39
the most printed印刷的 image圖片 in the world世界,
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最常被印出來的圖片
05:41
was that of the Earth地球. But this was in 1974,
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是地球。但在1974年,
05:44
and as of that moment時刻 this photograph照片 was the photograph照片
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這張照片才是
05:47
that was the most widely廣泛 printed印刷的
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曝光率最高的.
05:49
because we printed印刷的 two billion十億 copies副本 of this photograph照片,
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因為我們為這張照片印了二十億張
05:52
and we took them hand to hand, door to door,
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我們拿著它們挨家挨戶
05:55
to show顯示 people and ask them if there was smallpox天花 in their house
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給人們看並問他們家中有沒有天花病患.
06:00
because that was our surveillance監控 system系統. We didn't have Google谷歌;
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因為那是我們的監控系統。我們沒有Google、
06:04
we didn't have web捲筒紙 crawlers爬蟲; we didn't have computers電腦.
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我們沒有網路爬蟲(自動化瀏覽網路)、我們沒有電腦。
06:08
By day nine, you look at this picture圖片, and you're horrified嚇壞了.
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到了第九天,你看這張圖片,你會驚駭。
06:13
I look at this picture圖片 and I say, "Thank God"
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我看這張圖片而我會說:「感謝上帝」
06:15
because it's clear明確 that this is only an ordinary普通 case案件 of smallpox天花,
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因為這代表了這只是普通的天花病例,
06:19
and I know this child兒童 will live生活.
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而我知道這個小孩會活下來。
06:22
And by day 13, the lesions病變 are scabbing結痂, his eyelids眼皮 are swollen,
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到了第十三天,傷口長滿疙瘩、他的眼皮還是腫脹,
06:27
but you know this child兒童 has no other secondary次要 infection感染.
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但這個孩子沒有繼發性感染。
06:31
And by day 20, while he will be scarred傷痕累累 for life, he will live生活.
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到第二十天,雖然他會一生帶疤,但他會活下來。
06:36
There are other kinds of smallpox天花 that are not like that.
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還有其它種天花不是這樣的。
06:40
This is confluent合流的 smallpox天花,
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這是個融合性天花,
06:42
in which哪一個 there isn't a single place地點 on the body身體 where you could put a finger手指
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病人全身上下沒有任何一個地方有超過
06:46
and not be covered覆蓋 by lesions病變.
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手指頭大小的完好肌膚。
06:49
Flat平面 smallpox天花, which哪一個 killed殺害 100 percent百分 of people who got it.
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扁平天花,得病者百分之百死亡。
06:53
And hemorrhagic出血 smallpox天花, the most cruel殘忍 of all,
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出血性天花,最殘忍的,
06:57
which哪一個 had a predilection好發 for pregnant women婦女.
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易感染於懷孕女性。
07:00
I've probably大概 had 50 women婦女 die. They all had hemorrhagic出血 smallpox天花.
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我看過大約五十個女人死亡,她們全都染了出血性天花。
07:04
I've never seen看到 anybody任何人 die from it who wasn't a pregnant woman女人.
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我從來沒有看過一個出血性天花死亡者不是懷孕女性。
07:09
In 1967, the WHO embarked開始 on what was an outrageous蠻橫的 program程序
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在1967年,WHO開始了一個不可思議的計畫
07:12
to eradicate根除 a disease疾病.
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要消滅一個疾病。
07:14
In that year, there were 34 countries國家 affected受影響 with smallpox天花.
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在那年,34個國家有天花病例。
07:18
By 1970, we were down to 18 countries國家.
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到了1970年,只剩下18個國家。
07:22
1974, we were down to five countries國家.
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1974年,只剩下五個國家。
07:24
But in that year, smallpox天花 exploded爆炸 throughout始終 India印度.
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但在那年,天花在印度爆發。
07:29
And India印度 was the place地點 where smallpox天花 made製作 its last stand.
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印度也成為天花最後病例的所在地。
07:34
In 1974, India印度 had a population人口 of 600 million百萬.
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1974年,印度有六億人口。
07:37
There are 21 linguistic語言 states狀態 in India印度,
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那時印度有21個語言區,
07:40
which哪一個 is like saying 21 different不同 countries國家.
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就像是說有21個不同國家一樣。
07:43
There are 20 million百萬 people on the road at any time in buses公共汽車
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任何時間都有兩千萬人在路上, 在搭著車、火車、
07:46
and trains火車, walking步行, 500,000 villages村莊, 120 million百萬 households,
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走路,有五十萬村莊、一億兩千萬戶人家,
07:52
and none沒有 of them wanted to report報告 if they had a case案件 of smallpox天花 in their house
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但沒有任何人願意告訴我們:他們家裡有天花病人
07:57
because they thought that smallpox天花 was the visitation探視 of a deity,
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因為他們認為天花是女神Shitala Mata
08:00
ShitalaShitala Mata馬塔, the cooling冷卻 mother母親,
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(降溫女神)的拜訪,
08:02
and it was wrong錯誤 to bring帶來 strangers陌生人 into your house
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當女神來訪的時候不該讓陌生人進家門。
08:06
when the deity was in the house. No incentive激勵 to report報告 smallpox天花.
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所以沒有任何匯報天花役疫情的意願。
08:11
It wasn't just India印度 that had smallpox天花 deities神佛;
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不是只有印度有天花女神,
08:14
smallpox天花 deities神佛 were prevalent流行 all over the world世界.
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這種"天花神"的迷信在全世界各地普遍存在的。
08:18
So, how we eradicated根除 smallpox天花 was -- max最大 vaccination疫苗接種 wouldn't不會 work.
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所以我們要如何消滅天花?大眾接種是沒有用的。
08:23
You could vaccinate接種疫苗 everybody每個人 in India印度,
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你可以讓印度每個人都接種,
08:25
but one year later後來 there'll有會 be 21 million百萬 new babies嬰兒,
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但一年後又有兩千一百萬新生兒,
08:28
which哪一個 was then the population人口 of Canada加拿大.
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在當時等於加拿大的人口。
08:30
It wouldn't不會 do just to vaccinate接種疫苗 everyone大家.
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為每個人打疫苗是沒有用的。
08:33
You had to find every一切 single case案件 of smallpox天花 in the world世界
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你必須在同一時間找到全世界每一宗天花案例
08:36
at the same相同 time and draw a circle of immunity免疫 around it.
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且在每個案例周圍建立防疫圈。
08:39
And that's what we did.
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我們就是這麼做的。
08:42
In India印度 alone單獨, my 150,000 best最好 friends朋友 and I
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光在印度,我和我的十五萬好朋友們
08:45
went door to door with that same相同 picture圖片
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拿著同樣的照片在印度
08:49
to every一切 single house in India印度. We made製作 over one billion十億 house calls電話.
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挨家挨戶拜訪。我們拜訪了超過一千萬家庭。
08:54
And in the process處理, I learned學到了 something very important重要.
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在過程中,我學到一件重要的事情:
08:58
Every一切 time we did a house-to-house房子對房子 search搜索,
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我們每做一次門戶搜索,
09:02
we had a spike in the number of reports報告 of smallpox天花.
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天花病例的數目就突然高起來一次。
09:08
When we didn't search搜索, we had the illusion錯覺 that there was no disease疾病.
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當我們沒有搜索時,我們有了疾病被消除的假象。
09:12
When we did search搜索, we had the illusion錯覺 that there was more disease疾病.
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當我們搜索時,我們有疾病病例增加的假象。
09:17
A surveillance監控 system系統 was necessary必要
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一個監控系統是必須的,
09:19
because what we needed需要 was early detection發現, early response響應.
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因為我們需要的是早發現,早行動。
09:26
So, we searched搜索 and we searched搜索, and we found發現
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所以我們一直找一直找,找到
09:29
every一切 case案件 of smallpox天花 in India印度. We had a reward獎勵.
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印度的每一宗天花。我們提供獎勵。
09:32
We raised上調 the reward獎勵. We continued繼續 to increase增加 the reward獎勵.
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然後我們提高獎勵。我們繼續提高獎勵。
09:36
We had a scorecard記分卡 that we wrote on every一切 house.
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我們在每一棟房子牆上記錄到訪的日期(像計分表一樣)。
09:40
And as we did that, the number of reported報導 cases in the world世界 dropped下降 to zero,
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當我們一直這麼做時,天花病例的數目最後也降到零。
09:45
and in 1980 we declared聲明 the globe地球 free自由 of smallpox天花.
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在1980年,我們宣布天花不復存在。
09:51
It was the largest最大 campaign運動 in United聯合的 Nations國家 history歷史 until直到 the Iraq伊拉克 war戰爭.
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這是聯合國在伊拉克戰爭前最大的活動,
09:57
150,000 people from all over the world世界,
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十五萬人來自世界各地
10:02
doctors醫生 of every一切 race種族, religion宗教, culture文化 and nation國家,
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及不同種族、不同宗教、不同國家的醫生們,
10:05
who fought戰鬥 side by side, brothers兄弟 and sisters姐妹, with each other,
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肩並肩,互相幫助而無紛爭,
10:10
not against反對 each other, in a common共同 cause原因 to make the world世界 better.
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完成一個讓世界更美好的任務。
10:16
But smallpox天花 was the fourth第四 disease疾病 that was intended for eradication根除.
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但天花是我們試著消滅的第四個疾病。
10:20
We failed失敗 three other times.
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我們之前失敗了三次。
10:22
We failed失敗 against反對 malaria瘧疾, yellow黃色 fever發熱 and yaws雅司病.
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在瘧疾、黃熱病和雅司(熱帶莓疹)病上我們都失敗了。
10:25
But soon不久 we may可能 see polio脊髓灰質炎 eradicated根除.
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不過很快的,小兒痲痹也會被消滅的。
10:29
But the key to eradicating根除 polio脊髓灰質炎 is early detection發現, early response響應.
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消滅小兒痲痹的金鑰是:早發現,早行動。
10:35
This may可能 be the year we eradicate根除 polio脊髓灰質炎 --
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今年有可能是我們消滅小兒痲痹的一年,
10:38
that will make it the second第二 disease疾病 in history歷史.
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這就會是史上第二個被消滅的疾病。
10:41
And David大衛 Heymann海曼, who's誰是 watching觀看 this on the webcast網絡直播 --
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David Heymann, 如果你透過網路轉播看這場演講。
10:45
David大衛, keep on going. We're close. We're down to four countries國家.
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David, 繼續努力。我們快要做到了,我們只剩下四個國家。
10:50
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
10:56
I feel like Hank漢克 Aaron亞倫. Barry巴里 Bonds債券 can replace更換 me any time.
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我覺得我跟Hank Aaron(美國棒球球員)一樣, 會很快的被Barry Bonds(棒球球員)追上取代。
11:00
Let's get another另一個 disease疾病 off the list名單 of terrible可怕 things to worry擔心 about.
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讓我們再把一個疾病從我們耽心的清單中移除。
11:05
I was just in India印度 working加工 on the polio脊髓灰質炎 program程序.
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我才在印度參與消滅小兒痲痹的工作。
11:08
The polio脊髓灰質炎 surveillance監控 program程序 is four million百萬 people going door to door.
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小兒痲痹的監控系統是四百萬人挨家挨戶去尋找。
11:14
That is the surveillance監控 system系統.
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那是我們的監控系統。
11:16
But we need to have early detection發現, early response響應.
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我們需要早發現,早行動。
11:20
Blindness失明, the same相同 thing. The key to discovering發現 blindness失明
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失明,一樣的。發現失明的鑰匙是
11:24
is doing epidemiological流行病學 surveys調查 and finding發現 out the causes原因 of blindness失明
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做流行病學問卷並找出失明的原因,
11:29
so you can mount安裝 the correct正確 response響應.
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方能做出正確的反應。
11:32
The Seva塞瓦 Foundation基礎 was started開始 by a group of alumni校友
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賽瓦基金會是由一群
11:36
of the smallpox天花 eradication根除 program程序 who,
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曾參與消滅天花的人組成的。
11:39
having climbed爬上 the highest最高 mountain,
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這群人爬到了頂峰
11:42
tasted the elixir of the success成功 of eradicating根除 a disease疾病,
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嘗了消滅一種疾病的成功滋味,
11:47
wanted to do it again.
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且想要再做一次。
11:49
And over the last 27 years年份, Seva's塞瓦的 programs程式 in 15 countries國家
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在過去的27年當中,賽瓦基金在十五個國家
11:53
have given特定 back sight視力 to more than two million百萬 blind people.
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已經幫兩百萬失明人士找回光明。
11:57
Seva塞瓦 got started開始 because we wanted to apply應用 these lessons教訓
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賽瓦的開始是因為我們想要將
12:01
of surveillance監控 and epidemiology流行病學
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監控系統和流行病學理論
12:03
to something which哪一個 nobody沒有人 else其他 was looking at
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用在其他人都不認為是
12:06
as a public上市 health健康 issue問題: blindness失明,
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公衛的問題:失明。
12:09
which哪一個 heretofore過去 had been thought of only as a clinical臨床 disease疾病.
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在這之前只被認為是個臨床疾病。
12:12
In 1980, Steve史蒂夫 Jobs工作 gave me that computer電腦, which哪一個 is Apple蘋果 number 12,
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1980年賈伯斯給我一台電腦,蘋果第十二號,
12:18
and it's still in Kathmandu加德滿都, and it's still working加工,
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它現在還在加德滿都(尼泊爾首都)運作著。
12:21
and we ought應該 to go get it and auction拍賣 it off and make more money for Seva塞瓦.
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我們應該把它拿來拍賣,為賽瓦籌得到更多錢。
12:26
And we conducted進行 the first Nepal尼泊爾 survey調查 ever doneDONE for health健康,
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我們做了史上第一個尼泊爾的健康問卷,
12:30
and the first nationwide全國 blindness失明 survey調查 ever doneDONE,
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也是第一個全國性的失明問卷,
12:33
and we had astonishing驚人 results結果.
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而結果另我們吃驚。
12:35
Instead代替 of finding發現 out what we thought was the case案件 --
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我們以為會得到的結果是:
12:38
that blindness失明 was caused造成 mostly大多 by glaucoma青光眼 and trachoma沙眼 --
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青光眼和沙眼是造成失明主要的原因.
12:42
we were astounded震驚 to find out that blindness失明 was caused造成 instead代替 by cataract白內障.
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但我們驚訝的發現失明竟多數是由白內障造成的。
12:48
You can't cure治愈 or prevent避免 what you don't know is there.
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你不可能醫治或預防你不知道的東西。
12:55
In your TEDTED packages there's a DVDDVD, "Infinite無窮 Vision視力,"
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在你們的TED包裹中有一片DVD「無限視覺」,
12:59
about Dr博士. V and the Aravind亞拉文 Eye Hospital醫院.
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在講V醫生和Aravind眼科醫院。
13:02
I hope希望 that you will take a look at it.
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我希望你們能看一看。
13:04
Aravind亞拉文, which哪一個 started開始 as a Seva塞瓦 project項目,
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Aravind一開始是賽瓦的一個計畫,
13:06
is now the world's世界 largest最大 and best最好 eye hospital醫院.
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現在是世界上最大最好的眼科醫院。
13:09
This year, that one hospital醫院 will give back sight視力
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今年,這間醫院會在印度
13:12
to more than 300,000 people in Tamil泰米爾人 Nadu德邦, India印度.
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塔米德邦為三十萬人恢復視力。
13:16
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
13:20
Bird flu流感. I stand here as a representative代表 of all terrible可怕 things --
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禽流感。我在這裡為這些恐怖的事情發言--
13:24
this might威力 be the worst最差.
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這有可能是最遭的。
13:27
The key to preventing防止 or mitigating緩解 pandemic流感大流行 bird flu流感
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防止或是減輕禽流感流行的鑰匙是
13:31
is early detection發現 and rapid快速 response響應.
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早發現、早行動。
13:34
We will not have a vaccine疫苗 or adequate充足 supplies耗材 of an antiviral抗病毒
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在未來的三年中,我們不會有疫苗或是
13:39
to combat戰鬥 bird flu流感 if it occurs發生 in the next下一個 three years年份.
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足夠的抗病毒素來對抗禽流感。
13:43
WHO stages階段 the progress進展 of a pandemic流感大流行.
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這是世界衛生組織將大流行病分級表。
13:47
We are now at stage階段 three on the pandemic流感大流行 alert警報 stage階段,
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我們現在在警戒區第三級,
13:51
with just a little bit of human-to-human人對人 transmission傳輸,
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只有一些些的人傳人病例,
13:55
but no human-to-human-to-human人對人對人 sustained持續 transmission傳輸.
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但沒有大量人傳人病例。
13:59
The moment時刻 WHO says we've我們已經 moved移動 to category類別 four,
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當世界衛生組織宣布我們在第四級時,
14:03
this will not be like Katrina卡特里娜. The world世界 as we know it will stop.
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這不會像科特莉娜颶風只局部在一區。我們知道的世界將會停擺。
14:08
There'll有會 be no airplanes飛機 flying飛行.
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不會有任何飛機飛行。
14:10
Would you get in an airplane飛機 with 250 people you didn't know,
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你會願意搭乘一架有250個陌生人的飛機
14:13
coughing咳嗽 and sneezing打噴嚏, when you knew知道 that some of them
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有人正在咳嗽和擤鼻涕,而你知道其中幾個
14:16
might威力 carry攜帶 a disease疾病 that could kill you,
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有可能帶有致人於死地的傳染病,
14:18
for which哪一個 you had no antivirals抗病毒藥物 or vaccine疫苗?
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而你沒有機會得到抗病毒素或疫苗嗎?
14:21
I did a study研究 of the top最佳 epidemiologists流行病學家 in the world世界 in October十月.
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我在十月的時候對世界頂尖的流行病學家做了問卷。
14:26
I asked them -- these are all fluologistsfluologists and specialists專家 in influenza流感 --
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我問他們,這些人是流感病學家和流感病毒專家,
14:30
and I asked them the questions問題 you'd like to ask them.
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我問他們你們也想問他們的問題。
14:33
What do you think the likelihood可能性 is that there'll有會 be a pandemic流感大流行?
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你覺得流感流行的可能性有多大?
14:36
If it happens發生, how bad do you think it will be?
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如果發生了,你覺得會有多嚴重?
14:39
15 percent百分 said they thought there'd這紅色 be a pandemic流感大流行 within three years年份.
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百分之十五認為在三年內會發生流感。
14:44
But much worse更差 than that,
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但更遭的是,
14:46
90 percent百分 said they thought there'd這紅色 be a pandemic流感大流行
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百分之九十認為我們下一代
14:49
within your children孩子 or your grandchildren's孫子的 lifetime一生.
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或下下一代也會有大流感流行。
14:53
And they thought that if there was a pandemic流感大流行,
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而且他們認為如果流行了,
14:57
a billion十億 people would get sick生病.
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會有十億人生病。
15:00
As many許多 as 165 million百萬 people would die.
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大約一億六千五百萬人會死亡。
15:03
There would be a global全球 recession不景氣 and depression蕭條
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會發生全球蕭條及衰退,
15:06
as our just-in-time剛剛在時間 inventory庫存 system系統
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當恰好足夠的存貨系統,
15:08
and the tight rubber橡膠 band of globalization全球化 broke打破,
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和全球緊密的架構崩潰,
15:12
and the cost成本 to our economy經濟 of one to three trillion dollars美元
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將造成十到三十兆經濟損失,
15:16
would be far worse更差 for everyone大家 than merely僅僅 100 million百萬 people dying垂死
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會比一億人死亡更遭的是,
15:21
because so many許多 more people would lose失去 their job工作
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更多人會沒有工作,
15:24
and their healthcare衛生保健 benefits好處
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他們的健保也沒了,
15:26
that the consequences後果 are almost幾乎 unthinkable不可思議的.
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後果不堪設想。
15:30
And it's getting得到 worse更差 because travel旅行 is getting得到 so much better.
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而且情況這會越來越遭,因為旅遊越來越容易。(更易傳染)
15:37
Let me show顯示 you a simulation模擬 of what a pandemic流感大流行 looks容貌 like
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讓我模擬一個流感的模型給你們看,
15:42
so we know what we're talking about.
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所以大家知道我在講甚麼。
15:45
Let's assume承擔, for example, that the first case案件 occurs發生 in South Asia亞洲.
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讓我們預設,舉例來說,第一宗病例發生在亞洲南方。
15:50
It initially原來 goes quite相當 slowly慢慢地.
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一開始非常緩慢。
15:52
You get two or three discrete離散的 locations地點.
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然後傳到兩到三個不同的地方。
15:57
Then there'll有會 be secondary次要 outbreaks爆發, and the disease疾病 will spread傳播
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會有個二度爆發,然後疾病會在
16:02
from country國家 to country國家 so fast快速 that you won't慣於 know what hit擊中 you.
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國家跟國家之間傳播,快到你都不知道發生什麼事。
16:06
Within three weeks it will be everywhere到處 in the world世界.
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三週內,全球各處都染上了。
16:10
Now, if we had an "undo解開" button按鍵, and we could go back and isolate隔離 it
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現在,如果我們有個還原鍵,我們可以回去並在疾病一開始時
16:16
and grab it when it first started開始. If we could find it early,
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便抓住隔離它。如果我們可以早發現,
16:19
and we had early detection發現 and early response響應,
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且我們有早探測到,早行動,
16:22
and we could put each one of those viruses病毒 in jail監獄 --
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這樣我們可以把每一個病毒關到牢裡,
16:25
that's the only way to deal合同 with something like a pandemic流感大流行.
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那是唯一可以阻止大流行(瘟疫)的方法。
16:32
And let me show顯示 you why that is.
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讓我給你們看為什麼。
16:35
We have a joke玩笑. This is an epidemic疫情 curve曲線, and everyone大家 in medicine醫學,
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我們有個笑話。這是流行病曲線。每個在醫學的人,
16:39
I think, ultimately最終 gets得到 to know what it is.
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我想都會知道這是什麼。
16:41
But the joke玩笑 is, an epidemiologist流行病學家 likes喜歡 to arrive到達 at an epidemic疫情
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笑話是這樣的:一個流行病學家喜歡來到流行病曲線
16:45
right here and ride to glory榮耀 on the downhill下坡 curve曲線.
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的這裡, 然後享受隨曲線下滑的榮耀。
16:49
But you don't get to do that usually平時.
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但大部份時候不是這樣的。
16:51
You usually平時 arrive到達 right about here.
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大部份時候你會來到這裡。
16:54
What we really want is to arrive到達 right here, so we can stop the epidemic疫情.
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我們想要的是來到這裡,這樣我們可以阻止疾病流行。
16:59
But you can't always do that. But there's an organization組織
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但你不是永遠都做得到的。幸好有個組織
17:02
that has been able能夠 to find a way to learn學習 when the first cases occur發生,
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找到一個可以得知第一宗病例發生的方法,
17:07
and that is called GPHINGPHIN.
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這個組織叫做GPHIN。
17:09
It's the Global全球 Public上市 Health健康 Information信息 Network網絡.
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Global Public Health Information Network (世界公衛資訊系統)
17:12
And that simulation模擬 that I showed顯示 you that you thought was bird flu流感 --
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我剛剛給你們看的模擬,你們認為是禽流感的,
17:16
that was SARSSARS. And SARSSARS is the pandemic流感大流行 that did not occur發生.
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那是SARS。SARS 是一個沒有發生的大流感。
17:20
And it didn't occur發生 because GPHINGPHIN found發現 the pandemic-to-be流感大流行將要 of SARSSARS
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它沒有發生因為GPHIN在世界衛生組織
17:27
three months個月 before WHO actually其實 announced公佈 it,
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宣布前三個月就發現了這可能的未來大流感: SARS。
17:33
and because of that we were able能夠 to stop the SARSSARS pandemic流感大流行.
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也因此我們能夠阻止SARS的蔓延。
17:37
And I think we owe a great debt債務 of gratitude感謝 to GPHINGPHIN and to Ron羅恩 St. John約翰,
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我認為我們欠GPHIN和Ron St. John很多。
17:42
who I hope希望 is in the audience聽眾 some place地點 -- over there --
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我希望他在觀眾席中--在那--
17:45
who's誰是 the founder創辦人 of GPHINGPHIN.
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他是GPHIN的創辦人。
17:47
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
17:48
Hello你好, Ron羅恩.
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哈囉Ron。
17:50
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
17:58
And TEDTED has flown飛行 Ron羅恩 here from Ottawa渥太華, where GPHINGPHIN is located位於,
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TED將Ron從渥太華也就是GPHIN的所在地接過來。
18:03
because not only did GPHINGPHIN find SARSSARS early, but
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因為GPHIN不只提早發現SARS,
18:08
you may可能 have seen看到 last week that Iran伊朗 announced公佈 that they had bird flu流感 in Iran伊朗,
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你可能有看到前幾個禮拜伊朗宣布境內有禽流感,
18:14
but GPHINGPHIN found發現 the bird flu流感 in Iran伊朗 not February二月 14 but last September九月.
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但GPHIN不是在二月十四,而是在去年九月就發現伊朗有禽流感。
18:20
We need an early-warning預先警告 system系統
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我們需要一個早期警告系統
18:22
to protect保護 us against反對 the things that are humanity's人類的 worst最差 nightmare惡夢.
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來保護我們免於被這種人類惡夢(大流行)的迫害。
18:27
And so my TEDTED wish希望 is based基於 on the common共同 denominator分母 of these experiences經驗.
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所以我的TED願望就是根據這些經驗而來的
18:33
Smallpox天花 -- early detection發現, early response響應.
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天花:早發現、早行動。
18:35
Blindness失明, polio脊髓灰質炎 -- early detection發現, early response響應.
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失明、小兒痲痹:早發現、早行動。
18:39
Pandemic流感大流行 bird flu流感 -- early detection發現, early response響應. It is a litany一連串.
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禽流感:早發現、早行動。這是祈禱文。
18:44
It is so obvious明顯 that our only way of dealing交易 with these new diseases疾病
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很明顯的我們唯一可行的方法是
18:49
is to find them early and to kill them before they spread傳播.
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早期發現且在流行起來前殺盡致病菌。
18:54
So, my TEDTED wish希望 is for you to help build建立 a global全球 system系統,
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所以,我的TED願望是希望你們都能幫忙建造一個全球系統,
18:58
an early-warning預先警告 system系統,
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一個早期警告系統,
19:00
to protect保護 us against反對 humanity's人類的 worst最差 nightmares噩夢.
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來使我們免於人類最糟惡夢的迫害。
19:04
And what I thought I would call it is "Early Detection發現,"
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我想我可以叫它「Early Detection」(早期發現)
19:11
but it should really be called "Total Early Detection發現."
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但它應該叫做「Total Early Detection」(完全早期發現)(TED)
19:16
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
19:18
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
19:31
But in all seriousness嚴肅 --
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真的! 認真來說--
19:33
because this idea理念 is birthed生產經歷 in TEDTED,
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因為這個點子來自TED,
19:36
I would like it to be a legacy遺產 of TEDTED, and I'd like to call it
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我希望它成為TED的傳說,所以我要叫他
19:42
the "International國際 System系統 for Total Early Disease疾病 Detection發現."
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「International System for Total Early Disease Detection」(完全早期發現國際組織)
19:51
And INSTEDDINSTEDD then becomes our mantra口頭禪.
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然後INSTEDD成為我們的六字大明咒(觀世音咒)。(救苦救難真言)
19:58
So instead代替 of a hidden pandemic流感大流行 of bird flu流感,
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與其隱匿不知禽流感流行,
20:01
we find it and immediately立即 contain包含 it.
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我們應早期發現、馬上控制住疫情.
20:04
Instead代替 of a novel小說 virus病毒 caused造成 by bio-terror生物恐怖 or bio-error生物錯誤,
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與其在小說中憶測由生物恐怖、生物失誤造成的新型病毒。
20:08
or shift轉移 or drift漂移, we find it, and we contain包含 it.
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我們應早期發現、馬上控制住此新型病毒。
20:13
Instead代替 of industrial產業 accidents事故 like oil spills洩漏 or the catastrophe災難 in Bhopal博帕爾,
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以早發現、早行動取代
20:18
we find them, and we respond響應 to them.
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像伯帕爾漏油事件的工業意外。
20:22
Instead代替 of famine飢荒, hidden until直到 it is too late晚了, we detect檢測 it, and we respond響應.
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以早發現、早行動取代發現時已來不及的飢荒。
20:29
And instead代替 of a system系統,
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與其由政府組成的一個系統、
20:31
which哪一個 is owned擁有的 by a government政府 and hidden in the bowels腸子 of government政府,
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一個被埋在政府五臟六腑的系統內,
20:35
let's build建立 an early detection發現 system系統
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讓我們打造一個早期偵測系統,
20:37
that's freely自如 available可得到 to anyone任何人 in the world世界 in their own擁有 language語言.
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一個世界上每一個人都可以自由地用自己的語言來使用。
20:42
Let's make it transparent透明, non-governmental民間,
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讓它透明化、非政府化、
20:47
not owned擁有的 by any single country國家 or company公司,
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不屬於任何一個國家或公司擁有、
20:50
housed安置 in a neutral中性 country國家, with redundant backup備用
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建立在一個中立國家、且在每個不同時區、
20:53
in a different不同 time zone and a different不同 continent大陸,
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每個大洲都有備份。
20:57
and let's build建立 it on GPHINGPHIN. Let's start開始 with GPHINGPHIN.
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讓我們以GPHIN為基礎,從GPHIN出發。
21:01
Let's increase增加 the websites網站 that they crawl爬行 from 20,000 to 20 million百萬.
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讓我們將他們的網站數從兩千萬提高到兩百億。
21:06
Let's increase增加 the languages語言 they crawl爬行 from seven to 70, or more.
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讓我們將他們使用的語言從七種提高到七十種或更多。
21:12
Let's build建立 in outbound出站 confirmation確認 messages消息
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讓我們建造向外的確認方法,
21:15
using運用 text文本 messages消息 or SMS短信 or instant瞬間 messaging消息
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用簡訊或SMS或即時訊息,
21:19
to find out from people who are within 100 meters of the rumor謠言 that you hear
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從謠言所在地100公尺內的人身上得知
21:23
if it is, in fact事實, valid有效.
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謠言是否是真的。
21:25
And let's add satellite衛星 confirmation確認.
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讓我們再加上衛星確認。
21:27
And we'll add Gapminder'sGapminder的 amazing驚人 graphics圖像 to the front面前 end結束.
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並在前端加上Gapminder引人入勝的圖表。
21:31
And we'll grow增長 it as a moral道德 force in the world世界,
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我們要讓它成為一個道德力量且持續成長,
21:35
finding發現 out those terrible可怕 things before anybody任何人 else其他 knows知道 about them,
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在任何人根本還未知前,提早找出這些可怕的事件,
21:40
and sending發出 our response響應 to them. So that next下一個 year,
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且採取行動。所以明年,
21:44
instead代替 of us meeting會議 here,
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在這裡再見面, 我們不會
21:46
lamenting感嘆 how many許多 terrible可怕 things there are in the world世界,
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哀悼曾有多少可怕的事情發生過,
21:49
we will have pulled together一起, used the unique獨特 skills技能
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我們會團結一起運用我們特有的能力、
21:52
and the magic魔法 of this community社區,
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和這個群體不可思議的力量
21:56
and be proud驕傲 that we have doneDONE everything we can to stop pandemics流行病,
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自豪的說:我們做了所有我們能做的來阻止大流行(大瘟疫).
21:59
other catastrophes災難, and change更改 the world世界 beginning開始 right now.
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及其它大災害。讓我們從現在開始改變世界。
22:04
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
22:23
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: An amazing驚人 presentation介紹. First of all,
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Chris Anderson:很精彩的演講。首先,
22:27
just so everyone大家 understands理解, you're saying that by building建造 --
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只是讓大家更瞭解。你說建造--
22:31
by creating創建 web捲筒紙 crawlers爬蟲, looking on the Internet互聯網 for patterns模式,
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設計網路爬蟲(自動化瀏覽網路的程式)、只是經由網路模式,
22:36
they can detect檢測 something suspicious可疑 before WHO,
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他們可以在世界衛生組織之前發現可疑的事件,
22:42
before anyone任何人 else其他 can see it?
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在任何人之前?
22:44
Just explain說明. Give an example of how that could possibly或者 be true真正.
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解釋一下。給一個例子解釋這怎麼可能。
22:47
Larry拉里 Brilliant輝煌: First of all, you're not mad about the copyright版權 violation違反?
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Larry Brilliant:首先,你沒有因為侵犯智慧財產權生氣吧?
22:50
CACA: No. I love it. (Laughter笑聲)
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CA:沒有。我很喜歡。
22:53
LB: Well, you know, as Ron羅恩 St. John約翰 -- I hope希望 you'll你會 go and meet遇到 him
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LB:好的,嗯, 當Ron St. John--我希望你
22:56
in the dinner晚餐 afterwards之後 and talk to him --
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等會的晚餐上會去跟他碰面講講話--
22:59
When he started開始 GPHINGPHIN -- In 1997, there was an outbreak暴發 of bird flu流感.
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當他1997年成立GPHIN的時候,那時禽流感剛爆發時,是H5N1種。
23:05
H5N1. It was in Hong香港 Kong. And a remarkable卓越 doctor醫生 in Hong香港 Kong
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發生在香港。而一個卓越的香港醫生
23:09
responded回應 immediately立即 by slaughtering屠宰 1.5 million百萬 chickens and birds鳥類,
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馬上匯報,經由殺了一百五十萬隻家禽和小鳥,
23:15
and they stopped停止 that outbreak暴發 in its tracks軌道.
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他們阻止了禽流感持續傳染爆發。
23:18
Immediate即時 detection發現, immediate即時 response響應.
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馬上發現、馬上行動。
23:21
Then a number of years年份 went by,
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然後幾年過去了,
23:23
and there were a lot of rumors傳聞 about bird flu流感.
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有很多禽流感的謠言。
23:25
Ron羅恩 and his team球隊 in Ottawa渥太華 began開始 to crawl爬行 the web捲筒紙,
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Ron和他的團隊開始在渥太華瀏覽監控網路,
23:29
only crawling爬行 20,000 different不同 websites網站, mostly大多 periodicals期刊,
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只瀏覽監控兩萬個不同的網站,大部分是(醫學)期刊。
23:34
and they read about and heard聽說 about a concern關心 of a lot of children孩子
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他們讀到聽到有關於很多小孩發燒
23:39
who had high fever發熱 and symptoms症狀 of bird flu流感.
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且有禽流感的症狀。
23:42
They reported報導 this to WHO. WHO took a little while taking服用 action行動
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他們報告給WHO。WHO花了一些時間才行動,
23:47
because WHO will only receive接收 a report報告 from a government政府,
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因為WHO只接受從政府來的報告,
23:52
because it's the United聯合的 Nations國家.
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因為WHO屬於聯合國。
23:54
But they were able能夠 to point to WHO and let them know
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但他們有能力能指出地區讓WHO知道
23:58
that there was this surprising奇怪 and unexplained原因不明 cluster of illnesses疾病
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那兒有無法解釋的許多病例,
24:02
that looked看著 like bird flu流感.
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而症狀類似禽流感.
24:04
That turned轉身 out to be SARSSARS.
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結果就是SARS。
24:06
That's how the world世界 found發現 out about SARSSARS.
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那是這世界怎麼知道SARS的。
24:08
And because of that we were able能夠 to stop SARSSARS.
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也因此我們可以阻止SARS。
24:12
Now, what's really important重要 is that, before there was GPHINGPHIN,
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現在,很重要的是,在GPHIN之前,
24:15
100 percent百分 of all the world's世界 reports報告 of bad things --
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世上所有壞事的報導--
24:19
whether是否 you're talking about famine飢荒 or you're talking about bird flu流感
373
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不管是飢荒或是禽流感
24:22
or you're talking about Ebola埃博拉病毒 --
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或是伊波拉病毒--
24:24
100 percent百分 of all those reports報告 came來了 from nations國家.
375
1439000
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全部來自各國官方報導。
24:27
The moment時刻 these guys in Ottawa渥太華, on a budget預算 of 800,000 dollars美元 a year,
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當這些在渥太華預算只有每年八十萬元的人開始做事時,
24:32
got cracking開裂, 75 percent百分 of all the reports報告 in the world世界 came來了 from GPHINGPHIN,
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百分之75的報導來自GPHIN,
24:38
25 percent百分 of all the reports報告 in the world世界
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剩下的25來自
24:40
came來了 from all the other 180 nations國家.
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世界各地180個國家。
24:43
Now, here's這裡的 what's real真實 interesting有趣,
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現在,有趣的是,
24:45
after they'd他們會 been working加工 for a couple一對 years年份,
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他們開始工作幾年後,
24:48
what do you think happened發生 to those nations國家?
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你覺得那些國家怎麼了?
24:51
They felt pretty漂亮 stupid, so they started開始 sending發出 in their reports報告 earlier.
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他們覺得自己很蠢,所以開始早點送出報告。
24:54
Now their reporting報告 percentage百分比 is down to 50 percent百分
384
1469000
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現在他們的報告佔了百分之五十,
24:57
because other nations國家 have started開始 to report報告.
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1472000
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因為這些國家開始報導了。
25:00
So, can you find diseases疾病 early by crawling爬行 the web捲筒紙?
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1475000
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所以你可以藉由網路找到疾病嗎?
25:04
Of course課程 you can. Can you find it even earlier than GPHINGPHIN does now?
387
1479000
5000
當然可以。你可以比GPHIN更早發現嗎?
25:09
Of course課程 you can. You saw that they found發現 SARSSARS
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1484000
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當然可以。你知道嗎? 用中文找到SARS的資訊
25:12
using運用 their Chinese中文 web捲筒紙 crawler履帶式 a full充分 six weeks
389
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比用英文找到的資訊
25:16
before they found發現 it using運用 their English英語 web捲筒紙 crawler履帶式.
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4000
足足早了六個禮拜。
25:20
Well, they're only crawling爬行 in seven languages語言.
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現在他們只用七種語言。
25:22
These bad viruses病毒 really don't have any intention意向 of showing展示 up
392
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這些可惡的病毒並沒有意願
25:25
first in English英語 or Spanish西班牙語 or French法國.
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2000
以英文或西班牙文或法文現身。
25:27
(Laughter笑聲)
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1000
(笑聲)
25:28
So, yes, I want to take GPHINGPHIN; I want to build建立 on it;
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6000
所以,是的,我要以GPHIN為基礎,繼續建造,
25:34
I want to add all the languages語言 of the world世界 that we possibly或者 can;
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1509000
4000
我想要盡我們所能加進世界上所有語言。
25:38
I want to make this open打開 to everybody每個人
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1513000
2000
我想要讓每個人都有使用它,
25:40
so that the health健康 officer in Nairobi內羅畢 or in Patna巴特那, Bihar比哈爾邦
398
1515000
3000
這樣奈洛比或巴特那或比哈爾省的健康官員
25:43
will have as much access訪問 to it as the folks鄉親 in Ottawa渥太華 or in CDCCDC;
399
1518000
5000
可以如渥太華或美國疾病防治中心的人一樣使用,
25:48
and I want to make it part部分 of our culture文化 that there is a community社區
400
1523000
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而且我希望讓它成為我們文化的一部份,
25:52
of people who are watching觀看 out for the worst最差 nightmares噩夢 of humanity人性,
401
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就是有一群人正在守護著、讓我們遠離人類最可怕的惡夢,
25:56
and that it's accessible無障礙 to everyone大家.
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而且是每個人都能使用的。
Translated by Joan Liu
Reviewed by Inder Peng(彭)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Larry Brilliant - Epidemiologist, philanthropist
TED Prize winner Larry Brilliant has spent his career solving the ills of today -- from overseeing the last smallpox cases to saving millions from blindness -- and building technologies of the future. Now, as Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, he's redefining how we solve the world's biggest problems.

Why you should listen

Larry Brilliant's career path, as unlikely as it is inspirational, has proven worthy of his surname. Trained as a doctor, he was living in a Himalayan monastery in the early 1970s when his guru told him he should help rid the world of smallpox. He joined the World Health Organization's eradication project, directed efforts to eliminate the disease in India and eventually presided over the last case of smallpox on the planet.

Not content with beating a single disease, he founded the nonprofit Seva Foundation, which has cured more than two million people of blindness in 15 countries through innovative surgery, self-sufficient eye care systems and low-cost manufacturing of intraocular lenses. Outside the medical field, he found time to cofound the legendary online community The Well, and run two public tech companies. Time and WIRED magazines call him a "technology visionary."

His 2006 TED Prize wish drew on both sides of his career: He challenged the TED community to help him build a global early-response system to spot new diseases as quickly as they emerge. Called InSTEDD, the system has grown into a network of 100 digital detection partners, which provide tools that help the UN, WHO and CDC track potential pandemics. 

Shortly after he won the TED Prize, Google executives asked Brilliant to run their new philanthropic arm, Google.org. So, between consulting on the WHO's polio eradication project and designing a disease-surveillance network, he harnessed Google's brains and billions in a mix of for-profit and nonprofit ventures tackling the global problems of disease, poverty and climate change. Today, Brilliant is Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, where he heads a team whose mission is to confront global threats imperiling humanity: pandemics, climate change, water security, nuclear proliferation and Middle East conflict.

More profile about the speaker
Larry Brilliant | Speaker | TED.com