TEDMED 2018
Thomas Curran: Our dangerous obsession with perfectionism is getting worse
Thomas Curran: Naša se opasna opsesija perfekcionizmom pogoršava
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Društveni psiholog Thomas Curran istražuje kako pritisak da budemo savršeni - na društvenim mrežama, u školi, na poslu - utječe na porast mentalnih bolesti, naročito među mladima. Saznajte više o uzrocima ovog fenomena te o tome kako možemo stvoriti kulturu koja slavi radosti nesavršenosti.
Thomas Curran - Social and personality psychologist
Thomas Curran studies the personality characteristic of perfectionism, how it develops and its impact on mental health. Full bio
Thomas Curran studies the personality characteristic of perfectionism, how it develops and its impact on mental health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm a bit of a perfectionist.
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Pomalo sam perfekcionist.
00:16
Now, how many times
have you heard that one?
have you heard that one?
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Koliko ste to puta čuli?
00:19
Over drinks, maybe, with friends,
or perhaps with family at Thanksgiving.
or perhaps with family at Thanksgiving.
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Možda na piću s prijateljima ili
od obitelji na Dan zahvalnosti.
od obitelji na Dan zahvalnosti.
00:25
It's everyone's favorite flaw,
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To je svima najdraža mana.
00:27
it's that now quite common response
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Danas je prilično čest odgovor
00:31
to the difficult, final question
at job interviews:
at job interviews:
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na teško zadnje pitanje
na razgovoru za posao:
na razgovoru za posao:
00:36
"My biggest weakness?
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"Moja najveća slabost?
00:38
That's my perfectionism."
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To je moj perfekcionizam."
00:41
You see, for something
that supposedly holds us back,
that supposedly holds us back,
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Za nešto što nas navodno zadržava,
00:45
it's quite remarkable how many of us
are quite happy to hold our hands up
are quite happy to hold our hands up
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prilično je upečatljivo da su mnogi
od nas sretni što mogu dići ruke
od nas sretni što mogu dići ruke
00:48
and say we're perfectionists.
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i reći da su perfekcionisti.
00:51
But there's an interesting
and serious point
and serious point
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No, postoji zanimljiva i ozbiljna poanta,
00:55
because our begrudging admiration
for perfection is so pervasive
for perfection is so pervasive
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jer je naše nevoljko obožavanje
perfekcionizma toliko prožimajuće,
perfekcionizma toliko prožimajuće,
01:02
that we never really stop to question
that concept in its own terms.
that concept in its own terms.
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da nikad stvarno ne stanemo
promisliti o tom konceptu.
promisliti o tom konceptu.
01:06
What does it say about us and our society
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Što to govori o nama i našem društvu,
01:10
that there is a kind
of celebration in perfection?
of celebration in perfection?
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da postoji neka vrsta
slavlja u savršenstvu?
slavlja u savršenstvu?
01:14
We tend to hold perfectionism up
as an insignia of worth.
as an insignia of worth.
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Skloni smo održavanju
perfekcionizma kao oznaci vrijednosti.
perfekcionizma kao oznaci vrijednosti.
01:21
The emblem of the successful.
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Simbola uspješnosti.
01:25
Yet, in my time studying perfectionism,
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Ipak, proučavajući perfekcionizam
01:27
I've seen limited evidence
that perfectionists are more successful.
that perfectionists are more successful.
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vidio sam ograničene dokaze
da su perfekcionisti uspješniji.
da su perfekcionisti uspješniji.
01:31
Quite the contrary --
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Baš suprotno -
01:33
they feel discontented and dissatisfied
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osjećaju se nezadovoljno i nesretno
01:36
amid a lingering sense
that they're never quite perfect enough.
that they're never quite perfect enough.
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usred trajnog osjećaja da
nikad nisu dovoljno savršeni.
nikad nisu dovoljno savršeni.
01:40
We know from clinician case reports
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Iz prikaza kliničkih slučajeva znamo
01:42
that perfectionism conceals
a host of psychological difficulties,
a host of psychological difficulties,
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da perfekcionizam prikriva
mnogo psiholoških poteškoća,
mnogo psiholoških poteškoća,
01:45
including things like depression,
anxiety, anorexia, bulimia
anxiety, anorexia, bulimia
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uključujući depresiju,
anksioznost, anoreksiju, bulimiju,
anksioznost, anoreksiju, bulimiju,
01:49
and even suicide ideation.
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pa čak i suicidalne misli.
01:52
And what's more worrying
is that over the last 25 years,
is that over the last 25 years,
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Još i više zabrinjava da
smo zadnjih 25 godina
smo zadnjih 25 godina
01:56
we have seen perfectionism rise
at an alarming rate.
at an alarming rate.
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primijetili uznemirujuće
brz porast perfekcionizma.
brz porast perfekcionizma.
02:00
And at the same time,
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Istovremeno,
02:01
we have seen more mental illness
among young people than ever before.
among young people than ever before.
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sve je više mentalnih
bolesti među mladima.
bolesti među mladima.
02:05
Rates of suicide in the US alone
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Stopa samoubojstava se samo u SAD-u
02:08
increased by 25 percent
across the last two decades.
across the last two decades.
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povećala za 25% tijekom
zadnja dva desetljeća.
zadnja dva desetljeća.
02:12
And we're beginning to see similar trends
emerge across Canada,
emerge across Canada,
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Počinjemo viđati sličan trend u Kanadi
02:15
and in my home country,
the United Kingdom.
the United Kingdom.
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te u mojoj domovini,
Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
02:18
Now, our research is suggesting
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Naše istraživanje sugerira
02:21
that perfectionism is rising
as society is changing.
as society is changing.
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da se perfekcionizam povećava
kako se društvo mijenja.
kako se društvo mijenja.
02:25
And a changed society reflects
a changed sense of personal identity
a changed sense of personal identity
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Promijenjeno društvo odražava
promijenjen osjećaj osobnog identiteta,
promijenjen osjećaj osobnog identiteta,
02:30
and, with it, differences in the way
in which young people interact
in which young people interact
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a s njime i razlike u načinu
na koji mladi surađuju
na koji mladi surađuju
02:34
with each other and the world around them.
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jedni s drugima i svijetom oko njih.
02:36
And there are some unique characteristics
about our preeminent, market-based society
about our preeminent, market-based society
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Postoje neke jedinstvene karakteristike
našeg tržišno orijentiranog društva
našeg tržišno orijentiranog društva
02:42
that include things
like unrestricted choice
like unrestricted choice
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koje uključuju neograničen izbor
02:44
and personal freedom,
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i osobnu slobodu,
02:46
and these are characteristics
that we feel are contributing
that we feel are contributing
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a za te karakteristike
vjerujemo da pridonose
vjerujemo da pridonose
02:49
to almost epidemic levels of this problem.
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gotovo epidemskim razinama ovog problema.
02:53
So let me give you an example.
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Dat ću vam primjer.
02:56
Young people today are more preoccupied
with the attainment of the perfect life
with the attainment of the perfect life
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Mladi se danas više brinu oko
postizanja savršenog života
postizanja savršenog života
03:00
and lifestyle.
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i stila života.
03:01
In terms of their image,
status and wealth.
status and wealth.
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U smislu njihovog imidža,
statusa i bogatstva.
statusa i bogatstva.
03:03
Data from Pew show that young people
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Podaci Istraživačkog centra Pew
pokazuju da će mladi
pokazuju da će mladi
03:08
born in the US in the late 1980s
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rođeni u SAD-u kasnih 80-ih
03:12
are 20 percent more likely
to report being materially rich
to report being materially rich
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20% vjerojatnije reći da im
je biti materijalno bogatima
je biti materijalno bogatima
03:17
as among their most important life goals,
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među najvažnijim životnim ciljevima,
03:19
relative to their parents
and their grandparents.
and their grandparents.
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uzevši u obzir njihove
roditelje te bake i djedove.
roditelje te bake i djedove.
03:22
Young people also borrow more heavily
than did older generations,
than did older generations,
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Mladi također posuđuju
više nego starije generacije
više nego starije generacije
03:25
and they spend a much greater proportion
of their income on image goods
of their income on image goods
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te troše puno veći dio
svojih prihoda na imidž
svojih prihoda na imidž
03:30
and status possessions.
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i statusne simbole.
03:31
These possessions,
their lives and their lifestyles
their lives and their lifestyles
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Ti simboli, njihovi životi i način života
03:36
are now displayed in vivid detail
on the ubiquitous social media platforms
on the ubiquitous social media platforms
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su sad prikazani u živim detaljima
na sveprisutnim društvenim mrežama:
na sveprisutnim društvenim mrežama:
03:40
of Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat.
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Instagramu, Facebooku, Snapchatu.
03:44
In this new visual culture,
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U ovoj novoj vizualnoj kulturi,
03:47
the appearance of perfection
is far more important than the reality.
is far more important than the reality.
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privid savršenstva je
daleko važniji od stvarnosti.
daleko važniji od stvarnosti.
03:54
If one side of the modern landscape
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Ako je jedna strana modernog krajolika,
03:57
that we have so lavishly
furnished for young people
furnished for young people
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kojom smo tako
velikodušno opskrbili mlade,
velikodušno opskrbili mlade,
04:00
is this idea that there's
a perfectible life
a perfectible life
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ideja da postoji usavršljiv život,
04:02
and that there's a perfectible lifestyle,
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usavršljiv način života,
04:04
then the other is surely work.
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onda je druga sigurno posao.
04:06
Nothing is out of reach
for those who want it badly enough.
for those who want it badly enough.
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Ništa nije nedohvatljivo
onima koji to dovoljno jako žele.
onima koji to dovoljno jako žele.
04:10
Or so we're told.
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Ili nam tako bar kažu.
04:11
This is the idea at the heart
of the American dream.
of the American dream.
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Ta je ideja u samom srcu američkog sna.
04:15
Opportunity, meritocracy,
the self-made person, hard work.
the self-made person, hard work.
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Prilika, meritokracija,
samoostvarena osoba, težak rad.
samoostvarena osoba, težak rad.
04:20
The notion that hard work always pays off.
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Ideja da se težak rad uvijek isplati.
04:23
And above all, the idea
that we're captains of our own destiny.
that we're captains of our own destiny.
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I iznad svega, ideja da sami
upravljamo svojom sudbinom.
upravljamo svojom sudbinom.
04:27
These ideas, they connect
our wealth, our status
our wealth, our status
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Te ideje povezuju naše bogatstvo, status
04:30
and our image with our innate,
personal value.
personal value.
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i imidž s našom prirođenom
osobnom vrijednošću.
osobnom vrijednošću.
04:35
But it is, of course, complete fiction.
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No to je potpuna izmišljotina.
04:37
Because even if there were
equality of opportunity,
equality of opportunity,
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Jer čak i da postoji jednakost prilika,
04:40
the idea that we are captains
of our own destiny
of our own destiny
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ideja da sami upravljamo svojom sudbinom
04:43
disguises a much darker
reality for young people
reality for young people
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prikriva puno mračniju
stvarnost za mlade,
stvarnost za mlade,
04:46
that they are subject to an almost
ongoing economic tribunal.
ongoing economic tribunal.
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to da su podložni
neprekidnom ekonomskom sudu.
neprekidnom ekonomskom sudu.
04:49
Metrics, rankings, lead tables
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Mjerenja, rangiranja, ljestvice vodećih
04:52
have emerged as the yardsticks
for which merit can be quantified
for which merit can be quantified
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pojavili su se kao mjerila kojima
se zasluge mogu prebrojiti
se zasluge mogu prebrojiti
04:55
and used to sort young people
into schools, classes and colleges.
into schools, classes and colleges.
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i koristiti kako bi se mladi
svrstali u škole i fakultete.
svrstali u škole i fakultete.
05:01
Education is the first arena
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Obrazovanje je prva arena
05:03
where measurement
is so publicly played out
is so publicly played out
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gdje se mjerenje tako javno odigrava
05:06
and where metrics are being used
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i gdje se mjerila koriste
05:08
as a tool to improve standards
and performance.
and performance.
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kao alat da bi poboljšala
standard i izvedbu.
standard i izvedbu.
05:12
And it starts young.
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A počinje vrlo rano.
05:14
Young people in America's
big city high schools
big city high schools
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Mladi u američkim srednjim
školama u velikim gradovima
školama u velikim gradovima
05:17
take some 112 mandatory standardized tests
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rješavaju oko 112 obveznih
standardiziranih testova
standardiziranih testova
05:22
between prekindergarten
and the end of 12th grade.
and the end of 12th grade.
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između jaslica i kraja
4. razreda srednje škole.
4. razreda srednje škole.
05:26
No wonder young people report
a strong need to strive,
a strong need to strive,
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Ne čudi da mladi iskazuju
jaku potrebu da se trude,
jaku potrebu da se trude,
05:28
perform and achieve
at the center of modern life.
at the center of modern life.
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djeluju i ostvaruju u
središtu modernog života.
središtu modernog života.
05:31
They've been conditioned
to define themselves
to define themselves
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Uvjetovani su da se definiraju
05:34
in the strict and narrow terms
of grades, percentiles and lead tables.
of grades, percentiles and lead tables.
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u strogim i uskim terminima ocjena,
postotaka i ljestvicama vodećih.
postotaka i ljestvicama vodećih.
05:42
This is a society that preys
on their insecurities.
on their insecurities.
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Ovo je društvo koje
vreba njihove nesigurnosti.
vreba njihove nesigurnosti.
05:46
Insecurities about
how they are performing
how they are performing
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Nesigurnosti o tome kakva im je izvedba
05:48
and how they are appearing
to other people.
to other people.
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i kakvi se čine drugim ljudima.
05:50
This is a society that amplifies
their imperfections.
their imperfections.
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Ovo društvo uvećava
njihove nesavršenosti.
njihove nesavršenosti.
05:54
Every flaw, every unforeseen setback
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Svaka mana, svako
nepredviđeno nazadovanje
nepredviđeno nazadovanje
05:57
increases a need to perform
more perfectly next time, or else,
more perfectly next time, or else,
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povećava potrebu za savršenijom
izvedbom idući put, jer ste inače,
izvedbom idući put, jer ste inače,
06:02
bluntly, you're a failure.
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grubo rečeno, promašaj.
06:05
That feeling of being flawed and deficient
is especially pervasive --
is especially pervasive --
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Taj osjećaj da ste manjkavi i
nedostatni je naročito prožimajući -
nedostatni je naročito prožimajući -
06:08
just talk to young people.
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samo porazgovarajte s mladima.
06:10
"How should I look, how should I behave?"
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"Kako bih trebao izgledati,
kako da se ponašam?
kako da se ponašam?
Trebao bih izgledati kao taj model,
06:12
"I should look like that model,
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06:14
I should have as many followers
as that Instagram influencer,
as that Instagram influencer,
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trebao bih imati followera
kao taj Instagram influencer,
kao taj Instagram influencer,
moram biti bolji u školi."
06:17
I must do better in school."
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06:20
In my role as mentor to many young people,
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Kao mentor mnogim mladima,
06:24
I see these lived effects
of perfectionism firsthand.
of perfectionism firsthand.
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vidim učinke perfekcionizma
uživo, iz prve ruke.
uživo, iz prve ruke.
06:28
And one student sticks out
in my mind very vividly.
in my mind very vividly.
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Jedan se učenik vrlo
živo ističe u mom umu.
živo ističe u mom umu.
06:32
John, not his real name, was ambitious,
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John je, ne pravim imenom, bio ambiciozan,
06:36
hardworking and diligent
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vrijedan i marljiv
06:37
and on the surface,
he was exceptionally high-achieving,
he was exceptionally high-achieving,
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te je na površini
ostvarivao visoke rezultate,
ostvarivao visoke rezultate,
06:40
often getting first-class
grades for his work.
grades for his work.
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često dobivajući izvrsne
ocjene za svoj rad.
ocjene za svoj rad.
06:43
Yet, no matter how well John achieved,
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Ipak, koliko god izvrstan John bio,
06:47
he always seemed to recast
his successes as abject failures,
his successes as abject failures,
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činilo se da uvijek preinačuje svoje
uspjehe u bijedne neuspjehe,
uspjehe u bijedne neuspjehe,
06:50
and in meetings with me,
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a na našim je sastancima
06:51
he would talk openly about
how he'd let himself and others down.
how he'd let himself and others down.
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otvoreno govorio o tome kako
je iznevjerio sebe i druge.
je iznevjerio sebe i druge.
06:55
John's justification was quite simple:
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Johnovo je opravdanje bilo
prilično jednostavno:
prilično jednostavno:
06:57
How could he be a success
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kako bi mogao biti uspješan
07:00
when he was trying so much harder
than other people
than other people
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kad se trudio toliko više od drugih,
07:02
just to attain the same outcomes?
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samo da bi postigao isti rezultat?
07:04
See, John's perfectionism,
his unrelenting work ethic,
his unrelenting work ethic,
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Johnov je perfekcionizam,
njegova stroga radna etika,
njegova stroga radna etika,
07:09
was only serving to expose
what he saw as his inner weakness
what he saw as his inner weakness
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služio samo da bi otkrio ono što je
on vidio kao svoju unutarnju slabost
on vidio kao svoju unutarnju slabost
07:13
to himself and to others.
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sebi i drugima.
07:16
Cases like John's speak
to the harmfulness of perfectionism
to the harmfulness of perfectionism
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Slučajevi kao Johnov govore
o štetnosti perfekcionizma
o štetnosti perfekcionizma
07:19
as a way of being in the world.
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kakav postoji u svijetu.
07:21
Contrary to popular belief,
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Suprotno općem vjerovanju,
07:23
perfectionism is never about
perfecting things or perfecting tasks.
perfecting things or perfecting tasks.
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perfekcionizam nikad nije usavršavanje
stvari ili usavršavanje zadataka.
stvari ili usavršavanje zadataka.
07:27
It's not about striving for excellence.
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Nije težnja za izvrsnošću.
07:30
John's case highlights this vividly.
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Johnov slučaj to živo ističe.
07:32
At its root, perfectionism
is about perfecting the self.
is about perfecting the self.
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U svom izvoru, perfekcionizam
je usavršavanje sebe.
je usavršavanje sebe.
07:37
Or, more precisely,
perfecting an imperfect self.
perfecting an imperfect self.
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Ili, točnije, usavršavanje
nesavršenog sebe.
nesavršenog sebe.
07:41
And you can think about it
like a mountain of achievement
like a mountain of achievement
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Možete o tome razmišljati
kao o planini postignuća
kao o planini postignuća
07:45
that perfectionism leads us
to imagine ourselves scaling.
to imagine ourselves scaling.
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na koju, zbog perfekcionizma,
zamišljamo da se uspinjemo.
zamišljamo da se uspinjemo.
07:48
And we think to ourselves,
"Once I've reached that summit,
"Once I've reached that summit,
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Mislimo u sebi: "Jednom
kad stignem do tog vrha,
kad stignem do tog vrha,
07:51
then people will see I'm not flawed,
and I'll be worth something."
and I'll be worth something."
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tad će ljudi vidjeti da nisam
manjkav i vrijedit ću nešto."
manjkav i vrijedit ću nešto."
07:55
But what perfectionism doesn't tell us
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No, perfekcionizam nam ne kaže
07:57
is that soon after reaching that summit,
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da ćemo ubrzo nakon dostizanja tog vrha,
07:59
we will be called down again to the fresh
lowlands of insecurity and shame,
lowlands of insecurity and shame,
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biti opet pozvani na nove
ravnice nesigurnosti i srama,
ravnice nesigurnosti i srama,
08:03
just to try and scale that peak again.
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samo da pokušamo
opet dosegnuti taj vrh.
opet dosegnuti taj vrh.
08:06
This is the cycle of self-defeat.
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To je ciklus samoporažavanja.
08:08
In the pursuit of unattainable perfection,
a perfectionist just cannot step off.
a perfectionist just cannot step off.
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U potrazi za nedostižnim savršenstvom,
perfekcionist ne može samo odustati.
perfekcionist ne može samo odustati.
08:13
And it's why it's so difficult to treat.
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Zato ga se teško liječi.
08:16
Now, we've known for decades and decades
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Znamo već desetljećima
08:18
that perfectionism contributes
to a host of psychological problems,
to a host of psychological problems,
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da perfekcionizam pridonosi
mnogim psihološkim problemima,
mnogim psihološkim problemima,
08:21
but there was never
a good way to measure it.
a good way to measure it.
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ali nikad nije postojao
dobar način da se to izmjeri.
dobar način da se to izmjeri.
08:24
That was until the late 1980s
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Sve do kasnih 80-ih,
08:25
when two Canadians,
Paul Hewitt and Gordon Flett,
Paul Hewitt and Gordon Flett,
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kad su dva Kanađanina,
Paul Hewitt i Gordon Flett,
Paul Hewitt i Gordon Flett,
08:28
came along and developed
a self-report measure of perfectionism.
a self-report measure of perfectionism.
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došli i razvili mjeru
samoprocjene perfekcionizma.
samoprocjene perfekcionizma.
08:32
So that's right, folks,
you can measure this,
you can measure this,
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Tako je, možete to mjeriti.
08:35
and it essentially captures
three core elements of perfectionism.
three core elements of perfectionism.
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U suštini, ta mjera obuhvaća tri
temeljna elementa perfekcionizma.
temeljna elementa perfekcionizma.
08:40
The first is self-oriented perfectionism,
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Prvi je perfekcionizam
usmjeren prema sebi,
usmjeren prema sebi,
08:42
the irrational desire to be perfect:
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iracionalna želja da budemo savršeni:
08:45
"I strive to be as perfect as I can be."
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"Nastojim biti što savršeniji."
08:48
The second is socially
prescribed perfectionism,
prescribed perfectionism,
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Drugi je društveno
propisan perfekcionizam,
propisan perfekcionizam,
08:51
the sense that the social environment
is excessively demanding:
is excessively demanding:
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osjećaj da je društveno
okruženje pretjerano zahtjevno:
okruženje pretjerano zahtjevno:
08:55
"I feel that others
are too demanding of me."
are too demanding of me."
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"Osjećam da drugi previše
zahtijevaju od mene."
zahtijevaju od mene."
08:57
And the third is
other-oriented perfectionism,
other-oriented perfectionism,
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A treći je perfekcionizam
usmjeren prema drugima,
usmjeren prema drugima,
09:00
the imposition of unrealistic
standards on other people:
standards on other people:
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nametanje nerealnih standarda drugima:
09:02
"If I ask somebody to do something,
I expect it to be done perfectly."
I expect it to be done perfectly."
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"Ako zamolim nekoga da napravi nešto,
očekujem da to bude savršeno."
očekujem da to bude savršeno."
09:07
Now, research shows that all
three elements of perfectionism
three elements of perfectionism
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Istraživanja pokazuju da su sva
tri elementa perfekcionizma
tri elementa perfekcionizma
09:09
associate with compromised mental health,
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povezana s ugroženim mentalnim zdravljem,
09:11
including things
like heightened depression,
like heightened depression,
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uključujući pojačanu depresiju,
09:13
heightened anxiety and suicide ideation.
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541990
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pojačanu anksioznost i suicidalne misli.
09:15
But, by far, the most problematic
element of perfectionism
element of perfectionism
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No, najproblematičniji
element perfekcionizma
element perfekcionizma
09:18
is socially prescribed perfectionism.
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je društveno propisan perfekcionizam.
09:20
That sense that everyone
expects me to be perfect.
expects me to be perfect.
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Taj osjećaj da svi očekuju
da budem savršen.
da budem savršen.
09:24
This element of perfectionism
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Taj element perfekcionizma
09:25
has a large correlation
with serious mental illness.
with serious mental illness.
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ima veliku korelaciju s
ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima.
ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima.
09:28
And with today's emphasis on perfection
at the forefront of my mind,
at the forefront of my mind,
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S mojim današnjim naglaskom
na savršenstvu,
na savršenstvu,
09:34
I was curious to see whether these
elements of perfectionism were changing.
elements of perfectionism were changing.
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zanimalo me mijenjaju li se
ti elementi perfekcionizma.
ti elementi perfekcionizma.
09:37
To date, research in this area
is focused on immediate family relations,
is focused on immediate family relations,
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Do danas, istraživanja u tom području
fokusiraju se na obiteljske odnose,
fokusiraju se na obiteljske odnose,
09:41
but we wanted to look at it
at a broader level.
at a broader level.
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ali mi smo željeli
promotriti širi kontekst.
promotriti širi kontekst.
09:44
So we took all of the data
that had ever been collected
that had ever been collected
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Tako smo uzeli sve
podatke koji su prikupljeni
podatke koji su prikupljeni
09:47
in the 27 years since Paul and Gordon
developed that perfectionism measure,
developed that perfectionism measure,
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u 27 godina otkako su Paul i Gordon
razvili mjeru perfekcionizma
razvili mjeru perfekcionizma
09:52
and we isolated the data
in college students.
in college students.
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te smo izolirali podatke
dobivene od studenata.
dobivene od studenata.
09:54
This turned out to be
more than 40,000 young people
more than 40,000 young people
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Ispalo je da ima više od 40 000 mladih
09:57
from American, Canadian
and British colleges,
and British colleges,
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s američkih, kanadskih
i britanskih fakulteta,
i britanskih fakulteta,
09:59
and with so much data available,
we looked to see if there was a trend.
we looked to see if there was a trend.
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a s toliko dostupnih podataka,
potražili smo trend.
potražili smo trend.
10:04
And in all, it took us
more than three years
more than three years
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Trebalo nam je više od tri godine
10:06
to collate all of this information,
crunch the numbers,
crunch the numbers,
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da usporedimo sve te informacije,
napravimo izračune
napravimo izračune
10:09
and write our report.
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i napišemo izvješće.
10:10
But it was worth it because our analysis
uncovered something alarming.
uncovered something alarming.
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Bilo je vrijedno toga jer je naša
analiza otkrila nešto uznemirujuće.
analiza otkrila nešto uznemirujuće.
10:15
All three elements of perfectionism
have increased over time.
have increased over time.
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Sva su se tri elementa perfekcionizma
povećala s vremenom.
povećala s vremenom.
10:19
But socially prescribed perfectionism
saw the largest increase, and by far.
saw the largest increase, and by far.
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No, društveno se propisan
perfekcionizam najviše povećao.
perfekcionizam najviše povećao.
10:24
In 1989,
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Godine 1989.
10:25
just nine percent of young people
report clinically relevant levels
report clinically relevant levels
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samo je 9% mladih prijavilo
klinički relevantne razine
klinički relevantne razine
10:29
of socially prescribed perfectionism.
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društveno propisanog perfekcionizma.
10:30
Those are levels that we might
typically see in clinical populations.
typically see in clinical populations.
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Te su razine tipične
za kliničku populaciju.
za kliničku populaciju.
10:35
By 2017, that figure
had doubled to 18 percent.
had doubled to 18 percent.
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Do 2017. ta se brojka
udvostručila na 18%.
udvostručila na 18%.
10:40
And by 2050, projections
based on the models that we tested
based on the models that we tested
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A do 2050., predviđanja temeljena
na modelima koje smo testirali
na modelima koje smo testirali
10:44
indicate that almost one
in three young people
in three young people
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pokazuju da će gotovo
jedan od troje mladih
jedan od troje mladih
10:46
will report clinically relevant levels
of socially prescribed perfectionism.
of socially prescribed perfectionism.
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prijaviti klinički relevantnu razinu
društveno propisanog perfekcionizma.
društveno propisanog perfekcionizma.
10:51
Remember, this is the element
of perfectionism
of perfectionism
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2529
Podsjetnik, ovaj element perfekcionizma
10:53
that has the largest correlation
with serious mental illness,
with serious mental illness,
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2885
ima najvišu korelaciju s
ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima,
ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima,
10:56
and that's for good reason.
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1532
i to iz dobrog razloga.
10:58
Socially prescribed perfectionists
feel a unrelenting need
feel a unrelenting need
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3325
Društveno uvjetovani perfekcionisti
osjećaju neprekidnu potrebu
osjećaju neprekidnu potrebu
11:01
to meet the expectations of other people.
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da ispune tuđa očekivanja.
11:04
And even if they do meet
yesterday's expectation of perfection,
yesterday's expectation of perfection,
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A čak i ako ispune jučerašnja
očekivanja savršenstva,
očekivanja savršenstva,
11:08
they then raise the bar on themselves
to an even higher degree
to an even higher degree
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tada si podižu ljestvicu još i više,
11:12
because these folks believe
that the better they do,
that the better they do,
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3723
jer vjeruju da što bolje rade,
11:15
the better that they're expected to do.
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2397
od njih će se očekivati još i bolje.
11:18
This breeds a profound sense
of helplessness and, worse, hopelessness.
of helplessness and, worse, hopelessness.
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To stvara dubok osjećaj
bespomoćnosti i, još gore, beznađa.
bespomoćnosti i, još gore, beznađa.
11:24
But is there hope?
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1404
No, ima li nade?
11:26
Of course there's hope.
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1413
Naravno da ima.
11:27
Perfectionists can and should
hold on to certain things --
hold on to certain things --
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3151
Perfekcionisti mogu i trebali bi
držati do određenih stvari -
držati do određenih stvari -
11:30
they are typically bright, ambitious,
conscientious and hardworking.
conscientious and hardworking.
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obično su bistri, ambiciozni,
savjesni i marljivi.
savjesni i marljivi.
11:35
And yes, treatment is complex.
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2555
I da, liječenje je složeno.
11:38
But a little bit of self-compassion,
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No, malo suosjećanja prema samima sebi,
11:41
going easy on ourselves
when things don't go well,
when things don't go well,
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blagost prema samima sebi
kad stvari ne idu dobro,
kad stvari ne idu dobro,
11:43
can turn those qualities
into greater personal peace and success.
into greater personal peace and success.
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mogu pretvoriti te vrline
u veći osobni mir i uspjeh.
u veći osobni mir i uspjeh.
11:47
And then there's what
we can do as caregivers.
we can do as caregivers.
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A možemo nešto učiniti
i kao roditelji te skrbnici.
i kao roditelji te skrbnici.
11:50
Perfectionism develops
in our formative years,
in our formative years,
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Perfekcionizam se razvija
u našim formativnim godinama
u našim formativnim godinama
11:53
and so young people are more vulnerable.
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tako da su mladi ranjiviji.
11:56
Parents can help their children
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1556
Roditelji mogu pomoći djeci
11:57
by supporting them unconditionally
when they've tried but failed.
when they've tried but failed.
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bezuvjetno ih podržavajući
kad ne uspiju u nečemu.
kad ne uspiju u nečemu.
12:02
And Mom and Dad can resist
their understandable urge
their understandable urge
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Mama i tata se mogu
oduprijeti razumljivom porivu
oduprijeti razumljivom porivu
12:04
in today's highly competitive society
to helicopter-parent,
to helicopter-parent,
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u današnjem visoko kompetitivnom društvu
da budu previše zaštitnički nastrojeni,
da budu previše zaštitnički nastrojeni,
12:09
as a lot of anxiety is communicated
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jer se otkriva mnogo tjeskobe
12:12
when parents take on their kids'
successes and failures as their own.
successes and failures as their own.
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3527
kad roditelji shvaćaju djetetove
uspjehe i neuspjehe kao vlastite.
uspjehe i neuspjehe kao vlastite.
12:16
But ultimately, our research
raises important questions
raises important questions
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3544
Na kraju, naše istraživanje
postavlja važna pitanja
postavlja važna pitanja
12:19
about how we are structuring society
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1933
o tome kako strukturiramo društvo
12:22
and whether our society's heavy emphasis
on competition, evaluation and testing
on competition, evaluation and testing
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3727
te koristi li naglasak na
natjecanju, procjeni i testiranju
natjecanju, procjeni i testiranju
12:26
is benefiting young people.
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1904
mladim ljudima.
12:28
It's become commonplace
for public figures to say
for public figures to say
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2985
Postalo je uobičajeno da
javne osobe govore
javne osobe govore
12:31
that young people just need
a little bit more resilience
a little bit more resilience
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3055
da mladi samo trebaju
malo više otpornosti,
malo više otpornosti,
12:34
in the face of these new
and unprecedented pressures.
and unprecedented pressures.
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3600
suočeni s novim i
nadolazećim pritiscima.
nadolazećim pritiscima.
12:38
But I believe that is us
washing our hands of the core issue
washing our hands of the core issue
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No, ja vjerujem da tako peremo
ruke od glavnog problema
ruke od glavnog problema
12:43
because we have a shared responsibility
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2365
jer dijelimo odgovornost
12:45
to create a society and a culture
in which young people need less perfection
in which young people need less perfection
231
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4729
da stvorimo društvo i kulturu u kojima
mladi trebaju manje savršenstva
mladi trebaju manje savršenstva
12:51
in the first place.
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1266
općenito.
12:53
Let's not kid ourselves.
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Ne zavaravajmo se.
12:54
Creating that kind of world
is an enormous challenge,
is an enormous challenge,
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2499
Stvaranje takvog svijeta
ogroman je izazov,
ogroman je izazov,
12:56
and for a generation of young people
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1762
a za naraštaj mladih
koji žive svoje živote
neprekidno pod reflektorima
neprekidno pod reflektorima
12:58
that live their lives
in the 24/7 spotlight
in the 24/7 spotlight
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2031
13:00
of metrics, lead tables and social media,
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2193
mjerenja, ljestvica vodećih
i društvenih mreža,
i društvenih mreža,
13:03
perfectionism is inevitable,
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2513
perfekcionizam je neizbježan,
13:05
so long as they lack any purpose in life
239
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1945
sve dok im nedostaje neki smisao života
13:07
greater than how they are appearing
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1714
veći od toga kakvima se čine
13:09
or how they are performing
to other people.
to other people.
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ili kakva im je izvedba
pred drugim ljudima.
pred drugim ljudima.
13:11
What can they do about it?
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1539
Što mogu učiniti u vezi toga?
13:12
Every time they are knocked down
from that mountaintop,
from that mountaintop,
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2603
Svaki put kad su
nokautirani s tog vrhunca,
nokautirani s tog vrhunca,
13:15
they see no other option
but to try scaling that peak again.
but to try scaling that peak again.
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ne vide drugu mogućnost
nego pokušati se opet uspeti.
nego pokušati se opet uspeti.
13:19
The ancient Greeks knew
245
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1730
Stari su Grci znali
13:20
that this endless struggle
up and down the same mountain
up and down the same mountain
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3464
da ta beskrajna borba
uz i niz istu planinu
uz i niz istu planinu
13:24
is not the road to happiness.
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1611
nije put ka sreći.
13:26
Their image of hell
was a man called Sisyphus,
was a man called Sisyphus,
248
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Njihova je predodžba pakla
bio čovjek imenom Sizif,
bio čovjek imenom Sizif,
13:28
doomed for eternity to keep rolling
the same boulder up a hill,
the same boulder up a hill,
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3650
osuđen vječno nastaviti
kotrljati istu stijenu uz brdo,
kotrljati istu stijenu uz brdo,
13:32
only to see it roll back down
and have to start again.
and have to start again.
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3331
samo kako bi se ona opet otkotrljala
te kako bi morao početi opet.
te kako bi morao početi opet.
13:36
So long as we teach young people
251
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1873
Dokle god učimo mlade
13:38
that there is nothing more real
or meaningful in their lives
or meaningful in their lives
252
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3397
da ne postoji ništa stvarnije ili
smislenije u njihovim životima
smislenije u njihovim životima
13:41
than this hopeless quest for perfection,
253
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1935
od te beznadne potrage za savršenstvom,
13:43
then we are going to condemn
future generations
future generations
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2215
osuđujemo buduće naraštaje
13:45
to that same futility and despair.
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na istu uzaludnost i očaj.
13:49
And so we're left with a question.
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Ostaje nam pitanje:
13:52
When are we going to appreciate
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kad ćemo shvatiti
13:53
that there is something
fundamentally inhuman
fundamentally inhuman
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da postoji nešto fundamentalno neljudski
13:57
about limitless perfection?
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u neograničenom savršenstvu?
14:00
No one is flawless.
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Nitko nije besprijekoran.
14:01
If we want to help our young people
escape the trap of perfectionism,
escape the trap of perfectionism,
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Ako želimo pomoći mladima da
izbjegnu zamku perfekcionizma,
izbjegnu zamku perfekcionizma,
14:06
then we will teach them
that in a chaotic world,
that in a chaotic world,
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naučit ćemo ih da će
nas u kaotičnom svijetu
nas u kaotičnom svijetu
14:10
life will often defeat us, but that's OK.
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život često poraziti, ali to je u redu.
14:13
Failure is not weakness.
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Neuspjeh nije slabost.
14:16
If we want to help our young people
outgrow this self-defeating snare
outgrow this self-defeating snare
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Ako želimo pomoći mladima da
prerastu samoporažavajuću klopku
prerastu samoporažavajuću klopku
14:19
of impossible perfection,
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nemogućeg savršenstva,
14:21
then we will raise them in a society
that has outgrown that very same delusion.
that has outgrown that very same delusion.
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odgojit ćemo ih u društvu koje
je preraslo tu istu zabludu.
je preraslo tu istu zabludu.
14:26
But most of all,
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No, iznad svega,
14:28
if we want our young people
to enjoy mental, emotional
to enjoy mental, emotional
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ako želimo da mladi budu
mentalno, emocionalno
mentalno, emocionalno
14:32
and psychological health,
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i psihički zdravi,
14:33
then we will invite them
to celebrate the joys
to celebrate the joys
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pozvat ćemo ih da slave radosti
14:37
and the beauties of imperfection
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i ljepote nesavršenstva
14:41
as a normal and natural part
of everyday living and loving.
of everyday living and loving.
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kao normalan i prirodan dio
svakodnevnog života i ljubavi.
svakodnevnog života i ljubavi.
14:48
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
14:49
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Thomas Curran - Social and personality psychologistThomas Curran studies the personality characteristic of perfectionism, how it develops and its impact on mental health.
Why you should listen
Social and personality psychologist Thomas Curran is a member of the Centre for Motivation and Health Behavior Change in Bath, UK; the Motivation, Personality, and Well-being research group in York, UK; and is currently an assistant professor in the Department for Health at the University of Bath. His research rose to prominence following a 2017 publication of the first systems-level cohort study to show that perfectionism is on the rise in American, Canadian and British college students. Since then, he has written and spoken extensively on how we have created societies perfectly calibrated to promote perfectionism, which is contributing to almost epidemic levels of serious mental illness among young people. Curran is the author of over 30 published papers and has received numerous awards for his scholarship and research.
Thomas Curran | Speaker | TED.com