TEDMED 2018
Thomas Curran: Our dangerous obsession with perfectionism is getting worse
Tomas Keran (Thomas Curran): Naša opasna opsesija perfekcionizmom se pogoršava
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Socijalni psiholog Tomas Keran istražuje kako pritisak da budemo savršeni - na društvenim mrežama, u školi, na poslu - podstiče povećanje broja mentalnih bolesti, posebno među mladima. Saznajte više o uzrocima ove pojave i kako možemo stvoriti kulturu koja slavi radost nesavršenosti.
Thomas Curran - Social and personality psychologist
Thomas Curran studies the personality characteristic of perfectionism, how it develops and its impact on mental health. Full bio
Thomas Curran studies the personality characteristic of perfectionism, how it develops and its impact on mental health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm a bit of a perfectionist.
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Ja sam pomalo perfekcionista.
00:16
Now, how many times
have you heard that one?
have you heard that one?
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Koliko puta ste to čuli?
00:19
Over drinks, maybe, with friends,
or perhaps with family at Thanksgiving.
or perhaps with family at Thanksgiving.
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Uz piće, možda, sa prijateljima,
ili možda sa porodicom na Dan zahvalnosti.
ili možda sa porodicom na Dan zahvalnosti.
00:25
It's everyone's favorite flaw,
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To je svačija omiljena mana,
00:27
it's that now quite common response
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to je taj sada prilično učestali odgovor
00:31
to the difficult, final question
at job interviews:
at job interviews:
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na teško poslednje pitanje
na intervjuu na posao:
na intervjuu na posao:
00:36
"My biggest weakness?
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„Moja najveća slaba tačka?
00:38
That's my perfectionism."
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To je moj perfekcionizam.“
00:41
You see, for something
that supposedly holds us back,
that supposedly holds us back,
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Vidite, za nešto što nas navodno sputava,
00:45
it's quite remarkable how many of us
are quite happy to hold our hands up
are quite happy to hold our hands up
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prilično je neverovatno
koliko mnogo nas rado priznaje
koliko mnogo nas rado priznaje
00:48
and say we're perfectionists.
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da smo perfekcionisti.
00:51
But there's an interesting
and serious point
and serious point
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Ali tu postoji jedna zanimljiva
i ozbiljna stvar,
i ozbiljna stvar,
00:55
because our begrudging admiration
for perfection is so pervasive
for perfection is so pervasive
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jer je naše zavidno divljenje
prema savršenstvu toliko opšteprisutno
prema savršenstvu toliko opšteprisutno
01:02
that we never really stop to question
that concept in its own terms.
that concept in its own terms.
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da nikada ne zastanemo da preispitamo
šta taj koncept sam po sebi znači.
šta taj koncept sam po sebi znači.
01:06
What does it say about us and our society
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Šta govori o nama i našem društvu
01:10
that there is a kind
of celebration in perfection?
of celebration in perfection?
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to što postoji neka vrsta
slavljenja savršenosti?
slavljenja savršenosti?
01:14
We tend to hold perfectionism up
as an insignia of worth.
as an insignia of worth.
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Skloni smo da perfekcionizam
smatramo oznakom vrednosti.
smatramo oznakom vrednosti.
01:21
The emblem of the successful.
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Simbol uspešnih.
01:25
Yet, in my time studying perfectionism,
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A ipak, dok sam izučavao perfekcionizam,
01:27
I've seen limited evidence
that perfectionists are more successful.
that perfectionists are more successful.
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nisam našao dovoljno dokaza
da su perfekcionisti uspešniji.
da su perfekcionisti uspešniji.
01:31
Quite the contrary --
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Naprotiv -
01:33
they feel discontented and dissatisfied
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osećaju se nesrećno i nezadovoljno
01:36
amid a lingering sense
that they're never quite perfect enough.
that they're never quite perfect enough.
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usred dugotrajnog utiska
da nikada nisu dovoljno savršeni.
da nikada nisu dovoljno savršeni.
01:40
We know from clinician case reports
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Znamo iz kliničkih izveštaja o slučajevima
01:42
that perfectionism conceals
a host of psychological difficulties,
a host of psychological difficulties,
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da perfekcionizam skriva
niz psiholoških poteškoća,
niz psiholoških poteškoća,
01:45
including things like depression,
anxiety, anorexia, bulimia
anxiety, anorexia, bulimia
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uključujući depresiju,
anksioznost, anoreksiju, bulimiju,
anksioznost, anoreksiju, bulimiju,
01:49
and even suicide ideation.
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pa čak i razmišljanje o samoubistvu.
01:52
And what's more worrying
is that over the last 25 years,
is that over the last 25 years,
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Još više zabrinjava
to da tokom poslednjih 25 godina
to da tokom poslednjih 25 godina
01:56
we have seen perfectionism rise
at an alarming rate.
at an alarming rate.
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uočavamo da se učestalost perfekcionizma
alarmantno povećava.
alarmantno povećava.
02:00
And at the same time,
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Istovremeno
02:01
we have seen more mental illness
among young people than ever before.
among young people than ever before.
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primećujemo više mentalnih bolesti
među mladima nego ikada pre.
među mladima nego ikada pre.
02:05
Rates of suicide in the US alone
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Stopa samoubistava samo u SAD-u
02:08
increased by 25 percent
across the last two decades.
across the last two decades.
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povećana je za 25 procenata
tokom poslednje dve decenije.
tokom poslednje dve decenije.
02:12
And we're beginning to see similar trends
emerge across Canada,
emerge across Canada,
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Počinjemo da primećujemo
da se slične tendencije javljaju u Kanadi,
da se slične tendencije javljaju u Kanadi,
02:15
and in my home country,
the United Kingdom.
the United Kingdom.
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kao i u mojoj domovini,
Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
02:18
Now, our research is suggesting
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Naše istraživanje ukazuje
02:21
that perfectionism is rising
as society is changing.
as society is changing.
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da se perfekcionizam povećava
kada se društvo menja.
kada se društvo menja.
02:25
And a changed society reflects
a changed sense of personal identity
a changed sense of personal identity
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Izmenjeno društvo odražava
promenjen osećaj ličnog identiteta
promenjen osećaj ličnog identiteta
02:30
and, with it, differences in the way
in which young people interact
in which young people interact
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i, usto, razlike u načinu
na koji mladi komuniciraju
na koji mladi komuniciraju
02:34
with each other and the world around them.
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jedni sa drugima,
kao i sa svetom oko sebe.
kao i sa svetom oko sebe.
02:36
And there are some unique characteristics
about our preeminent, market-based society
about our preeminent, market-based society
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Postoje neke jedinstvene karakteristike
našeg nadmoćnog društva
zasnovanog na tržištu
zasnovanog na tržištu
02:42
that include things
like unrestricted choice
like unrestricted choice
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koje obuhvataju stvari
poput neograničenog izbora
poput neograničenog izbora
02:44
and personal freedom,
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i lične slobode,
02:46
and these are characteristics
that we feel are contributing
that we feel are contributing
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a to su karakteristike
za koje smatramo da doprinose
za koje smatramo da doprinose
02:49
to almost epidemic levels of this problem.
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da ovaj problem poprimi
skoro nivo epidemije.
skoro nivo epidemije.
02:53
So let me give you an example.
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Daću vam primer.
02:56
Young people today are more preoccupied
with the attainment of the perfect life
with the attainment of the perfect life
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Mladi ljudi su danas više zaokupljeni
dostizanjem savršenog života
dostizanjem savršenog života
03:00
and lifestyle.
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i načina života,
03:01
In terms of their image,
status and wealth.
status and wealth.
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u pogledu svog imidža,
statusa i bogatstva.
statusa i bogatstva.
03:03
Data from Pew show that young people
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Podaci istraživačkog centra Pju
pokazuju da mladi ljudi
pokazuju da mladi ljudi
03:08
born in the US in the late 1980s
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rođeni u SAD-u kasnih 1980-ih godina
03:12
are 20 percent more likely
to report being materially rich
to report being materially rich
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20 posto češće navode
sticanje materijalnog bogatstva
sticanje materijalnog bogatstva
među svojim najbitnijim
životnim ciljevima,
životnim ciljevima,
03:17
as among their most important life goals,
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03:19
relative to their parents
and their grandparents.
and their grandparents.
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u odnosu na svoje roditelje
i svoje babe i dete.
i svoje babe i dete.
03:22
Young people also borrow more heavily
than did older generations,
than did older generations,
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Mladi se takođe mnogo više zadužuju
nego starije generacije,
nego starije generacije,
03:25
and they spend a much greater proportion
of their income on image goods
of their income on image goods
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i troše mnogo veći deo prihoda
na proizvode koji podržavaju njihov imidž
na proizvode koji podržavaju njihov imidž
03:30
and status possessions.
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i imovinu koja ukazuje na status.
03:31
These possessions,
their lives and their lifestyles
their lives and their lifestyles
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Ova imovina, njihovi životi i stil života
03:36
are now displayed in vivid detail
on the ubiquitous social media platforms
on the ubiquitous social media platforms
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sada se prikazuju u živopisnim detaljima
na sveprisutnim platformama
društvenih mreža
društvenih mreža
03:40
of Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat.
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Instagrama, Fejsbuka, Snepčeta.
03:44
In this new visual culture,
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U ovoj novoj vizuelnoj kulturi,
03:47
the appearance of perfection
is far more important than the reality.
is far more important than the reality.
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izgledati savršeno
je mnogo važnije od stvarnosti.
je mnogo važnije od stvarnosti.
03:54
If one side of the modern landscape
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Ako je jedna strana moderne scene
03:57
that we have so lavishly
furnished for young people
furnished for young people
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koju smo tako bogato uredili za mlade
04:00
is this idea that there's
a perfectible life
a perfectible life
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ta ideja da postoji život
koji se može usavršiti
koji se može usavršiti
04:02
and that there's a perfectible lifestyle,
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i stil života koji se može usavršiti,
04:04
then the other is surely work.
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onda je druga strana definitivno rad.
04:06
Nothing is out of reach
for those who want it badly enough.
for those who want it badly enough.
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Ništa nije van domašaja
za one koji nešto žele dovoljno snažno.
za one koji nešto žele dovoljno snažno.
04:10
Or so we're told.
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Ili nam bar tako govore.
04:11
This is the idea at the heart
of the American dream.
of the American dream.
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To je ideja u srcu američkog sna.
04:15
Opportunity, meritocracy,
the self-made person, hard work.
the self-made person, hard work.
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Prilika, meritokratija, osoba
koja je sve sama stekla, naporan rad.
koja je sve sama stekla, naporan rad.
04:20
The notion that hard work always pays off.
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Ideja da se naporan rad uvek isplati.
04:23
And above all, the idea
that we're captains of our own destiny.
that we're captains of our own destiny.
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I iznad svega je ideja
da smo kormilari sopstvene sudbine.
da smo kormilari sopstvene sudbine.
04:27
These ideas, they connect
our wealth, our status
our wealth, our status
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Ove ideje povezuju
naše bogatstvo, naš status
naše bogatstvo, naš status
04:30
and our image with our innate,
personal value.
personal value.
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i naš imidž sa našim urođenim,
ličnim vrednostima.
ličnim vrednostima.
04:35
But it is, of course, complete fiction.
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Ali to je, naravno, potpuna fikcija.
04:37
Because even if there were
equality of opportunity,
equality of opportunity,
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Jer čak i da postoje jednake mogućnosti,
04:40
the idea that we are captains
of our own destiny
of our own destiny
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ideja da smo kormilari svoje sudbine
04:43
disguises a much darker
reality for young people
reality for young people
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maskira mnogo mračniju
stvarnost za mlade ljude,
stvarnost za mlade ljude,
04:46
that they are subject to an almost
ongoing economic tribunal.
ongoing economic tribunal.
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da su skoro neprekidno
potčinjeni ekonomskom sudu.
potčinjeni ekonomskom sudu.
04:49
Metrics, rankings, lead tables
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Metrički pokazatelji, rang-liste i tabele
04:52
have emerged as the yardsticks
for which merit can be quantified
for which merit can be quantified
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pojavili su se kao merila
po kojima se zasluga može kvantifikovati
po kojima se zasluga može kvantifikovati
04:55
and used to sort young people
into schools, classes and colleges.
into schools, classes and colleges.
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i koriste se za sortiranje mladih
u škole, razrede i fakultete.
u škole, razrede i fakultete.
05:01
Education is the first arena
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Obrazovanje je prva arena
05:03
where measurement
is so publicly played out
is so publicly played out
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gde se merenje javno odigrava
05:06
and where metrics are being used
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i gde se metrički pokazatelji koriste
05:08
as a tool to improve standards
and performance.
and performance.
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kao sredstvo za poboljšanje
standarda i učinka.
standarda i učinka.
05:12
And it starts young.
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Počinje u ranom uzrastu.
05:14
Young people in America's
big city high schools
big city high schools
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Mladi ljudi u srednjim školama
velikih gradova u Americi
velikih gradova u Americi
05:17
take some 112 mandatory standardized tests
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polažu nekih 112 obaveznih
standardizovanih testova
standardizovanih testova
05:22
between prekindergarten
and the end of 12th grade.
and the end of 12th grade.
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od vrtića do kraja 12. razreda.
Nije čudno da mladi iskazuju
snažnu potrebu da se bore,
snažnu potrebu da se bore,
05:26
No wonder young people report
a strong need to strive,
a strong need to strive,
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05:28
perform and achieve
at the center of modern life.
at the center of modern life.
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postignu i ostvare
u središtu savremenog života.
u središtu savremenog života.
05:31
They've been conditioned
to define themselves
to define themselves
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Uslovljeni su da definišu sebe
05:34
in the strict and narrow terms
of grades, percentiles and lead tables.
of grades, percentiles and lead tables.
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u strogom i uskom pogledu
ocena, percentila i rang-lista.
ocena, percentila i rang-lista.
05:42
This is a society that preys
on their insecurities.
on their insecurities.
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Ovo je društvo koje vreba
njihove nesigurnosti.
njihove nesigurnosti.
05:46
Insecurities about
how they are performing
how they are performing
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Nesigurnosti vezane za njihovo postignuće
05:48
and how they are appearing
to other people.
to other people.
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i utisak koji ostavljaju na druge.
05:50
This is a society that amplifies
their imperfections.
their imperfections.
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To je društvo koje naglašava
njihove nesavršenosti.
njihove nesavršenosti.
05:54
Every flaw, every unforeseen setback
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Svaka greška, svaki nepredviđeni zastoj
05:57
increases a need to perform
more perfectly next time, or else,
more perfectly next time, or else,
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povećava potrebu za savršenijim
postignućem sledeći put, inače,
postignućem sledeći put, inače,
06:02
bluntly, you're a failure.
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iskreno, promašaj si.
06:05
That feeling of being flawed and deficient
is especially pervasive --
is especially pervasive --
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Taj osećaj manjkavosti i nepotpunosti
je naročito sveprisutan -
je naročito sveprisutan -
06:08
just talk to young people.
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samo popričajte sa mladima.
06:10
"How should I look, how should I behave?"
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„Kako treba da izgledam,
kako da se ponašam?“
kako da se ponašam?“
„Treba da izgledam kao taj model,
06:12
"I should look like that model,
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06:14
I should have as many followers
as that Instagram influencer,
as that Instagram influencer,
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treba da imam pratilaca
kao i taj popularni lik na Instagramu,
kao i taj popularni lik na Instagramu,
06:17
I must do better in school."
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moram da budem bolji u školi.“
06:20
In my role as mentor to many young people,
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U svojoj ulozi mentora
mnogim mladim ljudima,
mnogim mladim ljudima,
06:24
I see these lived effects
of perfectionism firsthand.
of perfectionism firsthand.
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vidim ove opipljive posledice
perfekcionizma iz prve ruke.
perfekcionizma iz prve ruke.
06:28
And one student sticks out
in my mind very vividly.
in my mind very vividly.
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Jedan učenik mi se jasno ističe u glavi.
06:32
John, not his real name, was ambitious,
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Džon - to nije njegovo pravo ime -
je bio ambiciozan,
je bio ambiciozan,
06:36
hardworking and diligent
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vredan i marljiv,
06:37
and on the surface,
he was exceptionally high-achieving,
he was exceptionally high-achieving,
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i naizgled, imao je
izuzetno visoko postignuće,
izuzetno visoko postignuće,
06:40
often getting first-class
grades for his work.
grades for his work.
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često je dobijao
najbolje ocene za svoj rad.
najbolje ocene za svoj rad.
06:43
Yet, no matter how well John achieved,
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A ipak, bez obzira
na to koliko je Džon bio uspešan,
na to koliko je Džon bio uspešan,
06:47
he always seemed to recast
his successes as abject failures,
his successes as abject failures,
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uvek se činilo da preinačava
svoje uspehe u jadne neuspehe,
svoje uspehe u jadne neuspehe,
06:50
and in meetings with me,
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i pri susretima sa mnom,
06:51
he would talk openly about
how he'd let himself and others down.
how he'd let himself and others down.
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otvoreno bi govorio o tome
kako je izneverio sebe i druge.
kako je izneverio sebe i druge.
06:55
John's justification was quite simple:
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Džonovo opravdanje
je bilo prilično jednostavno:
je bilo prilično jednostavno:
06:57
How could he be a success
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kako on može da bude uspešan
07:00
when he was trying so much harder
than other people
than other people
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kada je ulagao mnogo više truda
nego drugi ljudi,
nego drugi ljudi,
07:02
just to attain the same outcomes?
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da bi na kraju dobio iste rezultate?
07:04
See, John's perfectionism,
his unrelenting work ethic,
his unrelenting work ethic,
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Vidite, Džonov perfekcionizam
i njegova neumorna radna etika
i njegova neumorna radna etika
07:09
was only serving to expose
what he saw as his inner weakness
what he saw as his inner weakness
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samo su služili da razotkriju ono
što je video kao svoju unutrašnju slabost
što je video kao svoju unutrašnju slabost
07:13
to himself and to others.
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pred sobom i drugima.
07:16
Cases like John's speak
to the harmfulness of perfectionism
to the harmfulness of perfectionism
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Slučajevi kao što je Džonov
govore o štetnosti perfekcionizma
govore o štetnosti perfekcionizma
07:19
as a way of being in the world.
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kao načina bitisanja u svetu.
07:21
Contrary to popular belief,
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Nasuprot popularnom verovanju,
07:23
perfectionism is never about
perfecting things or perfecting tasks.
perfecting things or perfecting tasks.
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perfekcionizam se nikad ne odnosi
na usavršavanje stvari ili zadataka.
na usavršavanje stvari ili zadataka.
07:27
It's not about striving for excellence.
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Ne radi se o težnji ka izvrsnosti.
07:30
John's case highlights this vividly.
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Džonov slučaj ovo jasno naglašava.
07:32
At its root, perfectionism
is about perfecting the self.
is about perfecting the self.
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U osnovi, perfekcionizam se odnosi
na usavršavanje sebe.
na usavršavanje sebe.
07:37
Or, more precisely,
perfecting an imperfect self.
perfecting an imperfect self.
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Ili, preciznije, usavršavanje
nesavršenog sebe.
nesavršenog sebe.
07:41
And you can think about it
like a mountain of achievement
like a mountain of achievement
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Možete o tome razmišljati
kao o planini dostignuća
kao o planini dostignuća
07:45
that perfectionism leads us
to imagine ourselves scaling.
to imagine ourselves scaling.
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na koju nas perfekcionizam
navodi da zamislimo da se penjemo.
navodi da zamislimo da se penjemo.
07:48
And we think to ourselves,
"Once I've reached that summit,
"Once I've reached that summit,
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Mislimo u sebi: „Kad stignem do tog vrha,
07:51
then people will see I'm not flawed,
and I'll be worth something."
and I'll be worth something."
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onda će ljudi videti da nisam
pun nedostataka i vredeću nešto.“
pun nedostataka i vredeću nešto.“
07:55
But what perfectionism doesn't tell us
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Ali perfekcionizam nam ne govori
07:57
is that soon after reaching that summit,
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da ćemo ubrzo nakon dostizanja tog vrha
07:59
we will be called down again to the fresh
lowlands of insecurity and shame,
lowlands of insecurity and shame,
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ponovo biti pozvani dole
na nove ravnice nesigurnosti i srama,
na nove ravnice nesigurnosti i srama,
samo da bismo još jednom probali
da se popnemo na taj vrh.
da se popnemo na taj vrh.
08:03
just to try and scale that peak again.
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08:06
This is the cycle of self-defeat.
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To je ciklus samoporažavanja.
08:08
In the pursuit of unattainable perfection,
a perfectionist just cannot step off.
a perfectionist just cannot step off.
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U potrazi za nedostižnim savršenstvom,
perfekcionista jednostavno
ne može da odstupi.
ne može da odstupi.
08:13
And it's why it's so difficult to treat.
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Zato ga je tako teško lečiti.
08:16
Now, we've known for decades and decades
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Decenijama znamo
08:18
that perfectionism contributes
to a host of psychological problems,
to a host of psychological problems,
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da perfekcionizam doprinosi
nizu psiholoških problema,
nizu psiholoških problema,
08:21
but there was never
a good way to measure it.
a good way to measure it.
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ali nikada nije postojao
dobar način da se izmeri.
dobar način da se izmeri.
Bilo je tako sve do kraja 1980-ih
08:24
That was until the late 1980s
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08:25
when two Canadians,
Paul Hewitt and Gordon Flett,
Paul Hewitt and Gordon Flett,
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kada su se dva Kanađana,
Pol Hjuit i Gordon Flet,
Pol Hjuit i Gordon Flet,
08:28
came along and developed
a self-report measure of perfectionism.
a self-report measure of perfectionism.
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udružili i osmislili
meru samoprocene perfekcionizma.
meru samoprocene perfekcionizma.
08:32
So that's right, folks,
you can measure this,
you can measure this,
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Tako je, narode, možete ovo izmeriti,
08:35
and it essentially captures
three core elements of perfectionism.
three core elements of perfectionism.
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a suštinski obuhvata
tri osnovna elementa perfekcionizma.
tri osnovna elementa perfekcionizma.
08:40
The first is self-oriented perfectionism,
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Prvi je perfekcionizam usmeren na sebe,
08:42
the irrational desire to be perfect:
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iracionalna želja da se bude savršen:
08:45
"I strive to be as perfect as I can be."
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„Težim da budem što je moguće savršeniji.“
08:48
The second is socially
prescribed perfectionism,
prescribed perfectionism,
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Drugi je društveno
propisani perfekcionizam,
propisani perfekcionizam,
08:51
the sense that the social environment
is excessively demanding:
is excessively demanding:
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osećaj da je socijalno okruženje
preterano zahtevno:
preterano zahtevno:
08:55
"I feel that others
are too demanding of me."
are too demanding of me."
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„Osećam da drugi
previše zahtevaju od mene.“
previše zahtevaju od mene.“
08:57
And the third is
other-oriented perfectionism,
other-oriented perfectionism,
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Treći je perfekcionizam usmeren na druge,
09:00
the imposition of unrealistic
standards on other people:
standards on other people:
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nametanje nerealnih standarda
drugim ljudima:
drugim ljudima:
09:02
"If I ask somebody to do something,
I expect it to be done perfectly."
I expect it to be done perfectly."
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„Ako pitam nekog da nešto uradi,
očekujem da to bude urađeno savršeno.“
očekujem da to bude urađeno savršeno.“
09:07
Now, research shows that all
three elements of perfectionism
three elements of perfectionism
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Istraživanja pokazuju
da su sva tri elementa perfekcionizma
da su sva tri elementa perfekcionizma
09:09
associate with compromised mental health,
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u vezi sa ugroženim mentalnim zdravljem,
09:11
including things
like heightened depression,
like heightened depression,
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uključujući pojačanu depresiju,
09:13
heightened anxiety and suicide ideation.
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541990
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povećanu anksioznost i suicidne misli.
09:15
But, by far, the most problematic
element of perfectionism
element of perfectionism
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Ali daleko najproblematičniji
element perfekcionizma
element perfekcionizma
09:18
is socially prescribed perfectionism.
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je društveno propisani perfekcionizam.
09:20
That sense that everyone
expects me to be perfect.
expects me to be perfect.
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Taj osećaj da svi očekuju
da budem savršen.
da budem savršen.
09:24
This element of perfectionism
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Ovaj element perfekcionizma
09:25
has a large correlation
with serious mental illness.
with serious mental illness.
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je u velikoj korelaciji
sa ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima.
sa ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima.
09:28
And with today's emphasis on perfection
at the forefront of my mind,
at the forefront of my mind,
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I kako mi je današnji naglasak
na savršenstvu bio glavna stvar na umu,
na savršenstvu bio glavna stvar na umu,
09:34
I was curious to see whether these
elements of perfectionism were changing.
elements of perfectionism were changing.
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zanimalo me je da li se ti elementi
perfekcionizma menjaju.
perfekcionizma menjaju.
Do sada su istraživanja
u ovoj oblasti bila usmerena
u ovoj oblasti bila usmerena
09:37
To date, research in this area
is focused on immediate family relations,
is focused on immediate family relations,
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na neposredne porodične odnose,
09:41
but we wanted to look at it
at a broader level.
at a broader level.
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ali hteli smo da ovo sagledamo
na širem nivou.
na širem nivou.
09:44
So we took all of the data
that had ever been collected
that had ever been collected
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Stoga smo uzeli sve podatke
koji su ikada prikupljeni
koji su ikada prikupljeni
09:47
in the 27 years since Paul and Gordon
developed that perfectionism measure,
developed that perfectionism measure,
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tokom 27 godina otkako su Pol i Gordon
osmislili tu meru perfekcionizma,
osmislili tu meru perfekcionizma,
09:52
and we isolated the data
in college students.
in college students.
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i izolovali smo podatke
dobijene na studentima.
dobijene na studentima.
09:54
This turned out to be
more than 40,000 young people
more than 40,000 young people
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Ispostavilo se da je bilo
više od 40 000 mladih
više od 40 000 mladih
09:57
from American, Canadian
and British colleges,
and British colleges,
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2111
sa američkih, kanadskih
i britanskih fakulteta,
i britanskih fakulteta,
09:59
and with so much data available,
we looked to see if there was a trend.
we looked to see if there was a trend.
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i sa toliko dostupnih podataka,
gledali smo da li postoji neki trend.
gledali smo da li postoji neki trend.
10:04
And in all, it took us
more than three years
more than three years
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Sveukupno nam je trebalo
više od tri godine
više od tri godine
10:06
to collate all of this information,
crunch the numbers,
crunch the numbers,
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da sakupimo sve ove informacije,
izvršimo analize
izvršimo analize
10:09
and write our report.
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i napišemo izveštaj.
10:10
But it was worth it because our analysis
uncovered something alarming.
uncovered something alarming.
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Ali vredelo je zato što je naša analiza
otkrila nešto alarmantno.
otkrila nešto alarmantno.
10:15
All three elements of perfectionism
have increased over time.
have increased over time.
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Sva tri elementa perfekcionizma
su se vremenom povećavala.
su se vremenom povećavala.
Ali društveno propisan perfekcionizam
je zabeležio daleko najveći porast.
je zabeležio daleko najveći porast.
10:19
But socially prescribed perfectionism
saw the largest increase, and by far.
saw the largest increase, and by far.
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10:24
In 1989,
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Godine 1989,
10:25
just nine percent of young people
report clinically relevant levels
report clinically relevant levels
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samo devet odsto mladih
iskazalo je klinički značajne nivoe
iskazalo je klinički značajne nivoe
10:29
of socially prescribed perfectionism.
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društveno propisanog perfekcionizma.
10:30
Those are levels that we might
typically see in clinical populations.
typically see in clinical populations.
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To su nivoi koje obično možemo videti
u kliničkim populacijama.
u kliničkim populacijama.
10:35
By 2017, that figure
had doubled to 18 percent.
had doubled to 18 percent.
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Do 2017. ta se brojka
udvostručila na 18 posto.
udvostručila na 18 posto.
10:40
And by 2050, projections
based on the models that we tested
based on the models that we tested
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A do 2050. godine, projekcije
na osnovu modela koje smo testirali
na osnovu modela koje smo testirali
10:44
indicate that almost one
in three young people
in three young people
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ukazuju da će skoro jedan od troje mladih
10:46
will report clinically relevant levels
of socially prescribed perfectionism.
of socially prescribed perfectionism.
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iskazivati klinički značajan nivo
društveno propisanog perfekcionizma.
društveno propisanog perfekcionizma.
10:51
Remember, this is the element
of perfectionism
of perfectionism
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Zapamtite, ovo je element perfekcionizma
10:53
that has the largest correlation
with serious mental illness,
with serious mental illness,
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2885
koji ima najveću korelaciju
sa ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima,
sa ozbiljnim mentalnim bolestima,
10:56
and that's for good reason.
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1532
i to sa dobrim razlogom.
10:58
Socially prescribed perfectionists
feel a unrelenting need
feel a unrelenting need
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3325
Društveno propisani perfekcionisti
osećaju neumornu potrebu
osećaju neumornu potrebu
11:01
to meet the expectations of other people.
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da ispune očekivanja drugih ljudi.
11:04
And even if they do meet
yesterday's expectation of perfection,
yesterday's expectation of perfection,
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I čak i ako ispune
jučerašnja očekivanja savršenstva,
jučerašnja očekivanja savršenstva,
11:08
they then raise the bar on themselves
to an even higher degree
to an even higher degree
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3425
onda sami sebi podignu standarde
na još viši nivo
na još viši nivo
11:12
because these folks believe
that the better they do,
that the better they do,
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3723
jer veruju da što bolje rade,
11:15
the better that they're expected to do.
203
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2397
očekuje se da će raditi još bolje.
11:18
This breeds a profound sense
of helplessness and, worse, hopelessness.
of helplessness and, worse, hopelessness.
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Ovo stvara duboki osećaj bespomoćnosti
i, što je još gore, beznađa.
i, što je još gore, beznađa.
11:24
But is there hope?
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1404
Ali ima li nade?
11:26
Of course there's hope.
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1413
Naravno da ima nade.
11:27
Perfectionists can and should
hold on to certain things --
hold on to certain things --
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3151
Perfekcionisti mogu
i treba da se drže određenih stvari -
i treba da se drže određenih stvari -
11:30
they are typically bright, ambitious,
conscientious and hardworking.
conscientious and hardworking.
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obično su bistri, ambiciozni,
savesni i vredni.
savesni i vredni.
11:35
And yes, treatment is complex.
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2555
I da, lečenje je složeno.
11:38
But a little bit of self-compassion,
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2841
Ali malo samosaosećajnosti
11:41
going easy on ourselves
when things don't go well,
when things don't go well,
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2843
i popustljivosti prema sebi
kada stvari ne idu dobro
kada stvari ne idu dobro
11:43
can turn those qualities
into greater personal peace and success.
into greater personal peace and success.
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može pretvoriti te osobine
u veći lični mir i uspeh.
u veći lični mir i uspeh.
11:47
And then there's what
we can do as caregivers.
we can do as caregivers.
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Zatim je tu i ono
što možemo uraditi kao staratelji.
što možemo uraditi kao staratelji.
11:50
Perfectionism develops
in our formative years,
in our formative years,
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Perfekcionizam se razvija
u našim formativnim godinama,
u našim formativnim godinama,
11:53
and so young people are more vulnerable.
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2254
pa su mladi zato podložniji.
11:56
Parents can help their children
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1556
Roditelji mogu pomoći deci
11:57
by supporting them unconditionally
when they've tried but failed.
when they've tried but failed.
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3885
tako što će ih bezuslovno podržati
kada pokušaju, ali ne uspeju.
kada pokušaju, ali ne uspeju.
Mama i tata mogu da se odupru
svojoj razumljivoj potrebi
svojoj razumljivoj potrebi
12:02
And Mom and Dad can resist
their understandable urge
their understandable urge
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2461
12:04
in today's highly competitive society
to helicopter-parent,
to helicopter-parent,
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4618
da stalno obleću oko deteta u svetu
koji je danas vrlo takmičarski nastrojen,
koji je danas vrlo takmičarski nastrojen,
12:09
as a lot of anxiety is communicated
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2660
jer se mnogo anksioznosti prenosi
12:12
when parents take on their kids'
successes and failures as their own.
successes and failures as their own.
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3527
kada roditelji prisvajaju uspehe
i neuspehe svoje dece kao sopstvene.
i neuspehe svoje dece kao sopstvene.
12:16
But ultimately, our research
raises important questions
raises important questions
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3544
Ali naposletku, naše istraživanje
pokreće važna pitanja
pokreće važna pitanja
12:19
about how we are structuring society
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727947
1933
o tome kako organizujemo društvo
12:22
and whether our society's heavy emphasis
on competition, evaluation and testing
on competition, evaluation and testing
224
730525
3727
i da li akcenat našeg društva
na takmičenju, ocenjivanju i testiranju
na takmičenju, ocenjivanju i testiranju
12:26
is benefiting young people.
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1904
koristi mladima.
12:28
It's become commonplace
for public figures to say
for public figures to say
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2985
Postalo je uobičajeno
da javne ličnosti kažu
da javne ličnosti kažu
12:31
that young people just need
a little bit more resilience
a little bit more resilience
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739193
3055
da mladima treba malo više otpornosti
12:34
in the face of these new
and unprecedented pressures.
and unprecedented pressures.
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3600
pred ovim novim i jedinstvenim pritiscima.
12:38
But I believe that is us
washing our hands of the core issue
washing our hands of the core issue
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4132
Ali smatram da to u stvari
peremo ruke od suštinskog pitanja
peremo ruke od suštinskog pitanja
12:43
because we have a shared responsibility
230
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2365
jer imamo zajedničku odgovornost
12:45
to create a society and a culture
in which young people need less perfection
in which young people need less perfection
231
753625
4729
da stvorimo društvo i kulturu
u kojoj je mladima u startu
potrebno manje savršenstva.
potrebno manje savršenstva.
12:51
in the first place.
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1266
12:53
Let's not kid ourselves.
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1350
Ne zavaravajmo se.
12:54
Creating that kind of world
is an enormous challenge,
is an enormous challenge,
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2499
Stvaranje takvog sveta je ogroman izazov,
12:56
and for a generation of young people
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1762
i za generaciju mladih ljudi
koji žive u svakodnevnoj izloženosti
koji žive u svakodnevnoj izloženosti
12:58
that live their lives
in the 24/7 spotlight
in the 24/7 spotlight
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2031
metričkim pokazateljima,
rang-listama i društvenim mrežama,
rang-listama i društvenim mrežama,
13:00
of metrics, lead tables and social media,
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2193
13:03
perfectionism is inevitable,
238
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2513
perfekcionizam je neizbežan,
13:05
so long as they lack any purpose in life
239
773545
1945
dok god im nedostaje
nekakva svrha u životu
nekakva svrha u životu
13:07
greater than how they are appearing
240
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1714
veća od načina na koji se predstavljaju
ili onoga što postižu pred drugima.
ili onoga što postižu pred drugima.
13:09
or how they are performing
to other people.
to other people.
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13:11
What can they do about it?
242
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1539
Šta mogu da urade u vezi sa tim?
13:12
Every time they are knocked down
from that mountaintop,
from that mountaintop,
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2603
Svaki put kada se survaju dole
sa tog planinskog vrha,
sa tog planinskog vrha,
13:15
they see no other option
but to try scaling that peak again.
but to try scaling that peak again.
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3484
ne vide drugu opciju
nego da probaju da se ponovo popnu.
nego da probaju da se ponovo popnu.
13:19
The ancient Greeks knew
245
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1730
Stari Grci su znali
13:20
that this endless struggle
up and down the same mountain
up and down the same mountain
246
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3464
da ova beskrajna borba
uz i niz istu planinu
uz i niz istu planinu
13:24
is not the road to happiness.
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1611
nije put do sreće.
13:26
Their image of hell
was a man called Sisyphus,
was a man called Sisyphus,
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Njihova slika pakla
bio je čovek po imenu Sizif,
bio je čovek po imenu Sizif,
13:28
doomed for eternity to keep rolling
the same boulder up a hill,
the same boulder up a hill,
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osuđen da celu večnost
iznova kotrlja isti kamen uz brdo,
iznova kotrlja isti kamen uz brdo,
13:32
only to see it roll back down
and have to start again.
and have to start again.
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samo da bi se on opet otkotrljao dole
i da bi morao da počne otpočetka.
i da bi morao da počne otpočetka.
13:36
So long as we teach young people
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Dok god podučavamo mlade ljude
13:38
that there is nothing more real
or meaningful in their lives
or meaningful in their lives
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da u njihovim životima
nema ničeg stvarnijeg ni smislenijeg
nema ničeg stvarnijeg ni smislenijeg
od ove beznadežne potrage za savršenstvom,
13:41
than this hopeless quest for perfection,
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13:43
then we are going to condemn
future generations
future generations
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osudićemo i buduće generacije
13:45
to that same futility and despair.
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na istu uzaludnost i očaj.
13:49
And so we're left with a question.
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I tako nam ostaje pitanje.
13:52
When are we going to appreciate
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Kada ćemo da uvažimo
13:53
that there is something
fundamentally inhuman
fundamentally inhuman
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da postoji nešto fundamentalno neljudski
13:57
about limitless perfection?
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u vezi sa neograničenom savršenošću?
14:00
No one is flawless.
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Niko nije bez mana.
14:01
If we want to help our young people
escape the trap of perfectionism,
escape the trap of perfectionism,
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Ako želimo da pomognemo našim mladima
da izbegnu zamku perfekcionizma,
da izbegnu zamku perfekcionizma,
14:06
then we will teach them
that in a chaotic world,
that in a chaotic world,
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onda ćemo ih naučiti
da će nas u haotičnom svetu
da će nas u haotičnom svetu
14:10
life will often defeat us, but that's OK.
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život često savladati, ali to je u redu.
14:13
Failure is not weakness.
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Neuspeh nije slabost.
Ako želimo da pomognemo našim mladima
da prerastu ovu samoporažavajuću zamku
da prerastu ovu samoporažavajuću zamku
14:16
If we want to help our young people
outgrow this self-defeating snare
outgrow this self-defeating snare
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14:19
of impossible perfection,
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nemogućg savršenstva,
14:21
then we will raise them in a society
that has outgrown that very same delusion.
that has outgrown that very same delusion.
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onda ćemo ih odgajati u društvu
koje je preraslo tu istu zabludu.
koje je preraslo tu istu zabludu.
14:26
But most of all,
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Ali pre svega,
14:28
if we want our young people
to enjoy mental, emotional
to enjoy mental, emotional
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ako želimo da naši mladi ljudi
uživaju u mentalnom, emotivnom
uživaju u mentalnom, emotivnom
14:32
and psychological health,
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i psihološkom zdravlju,
14:33
then we will invite them
to celebrate the joys
to celebrate the joys
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pozvaćemo ih da slave radost
14:37
and the beauties of imperfection
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i lepotu nesavršenosti
14:41
as a normal and natural part
of everyday living and loving.
of everyday living and loving.
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kao normalan i prirodan deo
svakodnevnog življenja i ljubavi.
svakodnevnog življenja i ljubavi.
14:48
Thank you very much.
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Hvala.
14:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Thomas Curran - Social and personality psychologistThomas Curran studies the personality characteristic of perfectionism, how it develops and its impact on mental health.
Why you should listen
Social and personality psychologist Thomas Curran is a member of the Centre for Motivation and Health Behavior Change in Bath, UK; the Motivation, Personality, and Well-being research group in York, UK; and is currently an assistant professor in the Department for Health at the University of Bath. His research rose to prominence following a 2017 publication of the first systems-level cohort study to show that perfectionism is on the rise in American, Canadian and British college students. Since then, he has written and spoken extensively on how we have created societies perfectly calibrated to promote perfectionism, which is contributing to almost epidemic levels of serious mental illness among young people. Curran is the author of over 30 published papers and has received numerous awards for his scholarship and research.
Thomas Curran | Speaker | TED.com