ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.

Why you should listen

As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.

Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.

More profile about the speaker
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Greg Gage: How to control someone else's arm with your brain

Greg Gage: Bagaimana mengendalikan lengan orang lain dengan otak Anda

Filmed:
9,669,307 views

Greg Gage sedang dalam misi membuat ilmu pengetahuan tentang otak terjangkau bagi semua. Dalam demonstrasi yang menyenangkan dan unik ini, sang ahli saraf dan Anggota Senior TED menggunakan sebuah alat rakitan sendiri yang sederhana dan tidak mahal untuk mengambil alih kehendak bebas seorang pemirsa. Ini bukan tipuan murahan; ini benar-benar terjadi. Anda harus menyaksikan untuk percaya.
- Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:14
The brainotak is an amazingmenakjubkan and complexkompleks organorgan.
0
2318
2952
Otak merupakan sebuah organ rumit
yang mengagumkan.
00:17
And while manybanyak people
are fascinatedtertarik by the brainotak,
1
5627
2441
Meski ia memesona banyak orang,
tak banyak yang dapat mereka katakan
00:20
they can't really tell you that much
2
8093
1742
00:21
about the propertiesproperti
about how the brainotak worksbekerja
3
9865
2237
tentang cara kerjanya
00:24
because we don't teachmengajar
neuroscienceilmu saraf in schoolssekolah.
4
12142
2313
karena ilmu saraf
tidak diajarkan di sekolah.
00:26
And one of the reasonsalasan
why is that the equipmentperalatan
5
14455
2443
Salah satu sebabnya adalah
karena peralatannya
00:28
is so complexkompleks and so expensivemahal
6
16898
2659
terlalu kompleks dan mahal
00:31
that it's really only doneselesai at majorutama
universitiesuniversitas and largebesar institutionsinstitusi.
7
19557
4146
sehingga ilmu ini hanya dipelajari
di universitas atau institusi besar.
00:35
And so in ordermemesan to be ablesanggup
to accessmengakses the brainotak,
8
23703
2239
Karena itu, untuk dapat
meneliti otak manusia,
00:37
you really need to dedicatededikasi your life
9
25942
1825
Anda betul-betul harus berdedikasi
00:39
and spendmenghabiskan sixenam and a halfsetengah yearstahun
as a graduatelulus studentmahasiswa
10
27767
2480
dan melalui enam setengah tahun
studi pasca sarjana
demi menjadi seorang ahli saraf
agar bisa memakai peralatan ini.
00:42
just to becomemenjadi a neuroscientistsaraf
to get accessmengakses to these toolsalat.
11
30247
2955
00:45
And that's a shamemalu
because one out of fivelima of us,
12
33202
2337
Betapa sayangnya
karena satu dari lima orang,
00:47
that's 20 percentpersen of the entireseluruh worlddunia,
will have a neurologicalneurologis disorderkekacauan.
13
35539
3826
berarti 20 persen dari populasi dunia,
akan memiliki masalah saraf.
00:51
And there are zeronol curesmenyembuhkan
for these diseasespenyakit.
14
39365
3431
Dan tidak ada penawar bagi penyakit saraf.
00:54
And so it seemsSepertinya that
what we should be doing
15
42796
2219
Jadi yang seharusnya kita lakukan adalah
00:57
is reachingmencapai back earliersebelumnya
in the eductionpendidikan processproses
16
45015
2417
mengajarkan neurologi lebih awal
dalam tahap pendidikan
00:59
and teachingpengajaran studentssiswa about neuroscienceilmu saraf
so that in the futuremasa depan,
17
47432
4577
agar di masa mendatang
01:04
they maymungkin be thinkingberpikir about possiblymungkin
becomingmenjadi a brainotak scientistilmuwan.
18
52009
3952
para siswa bisa tertarik untuk
menjadi seorang ahli otak.
Ketika sedang sekolah pasca sarjana,
saya dan rekan lab saya, Tim Marzullo,
01:08
When I was a graduatelulus studentmahasiswa,
my lablaboratorium matePasangan TimTim MarzulloMarzullo and myselfdiri,
19
56064
3694
01:11
decidedmemutuskan that what if we tookmengambil
this complexkompleks equipmentperalatan that we have
20
59758
3881
berpikir bagaimana jika
peralatan kompleks yang kami miliki
01:15
for studyingbelajar the brainotak and madeterbuat it simplesederhana
enoughcukup and affordableterjangkau enoughcukup
21
63639
3399
untuk mempelajari otak disederhanakan
dan harganya dibuat terjangkau
01:19
that anyonesiapa saja that you know, an amateuramatir
or a hightinggi schoolsekolah studentmahasiswa,
22
67038
3316
sehingga semua orang,
baik seorang amatir maupun pelajar SMU,
01:22
could learnbelajar and actuallysebenarnya participateikut
in the discoverypenemuan of neuroscienceilmu saraf.
23
70354
3482
bisa mempelajari dan berpartisipasi
dalam bidang penelitian ilmu saraf.
01:25
And so we did just that.
24
73836
1737
Itu yang kami lakukan.
Beberapa tahun lalu, kami mendirikan
perusahaan Backyard Brains
01:27
A fewbeberapa yearstahun agolalu, we starteddimulai
a companyperusahaan calledbernama BackyardHalaman belakang BrainsOtak
25
75573
2893
01:30
and we make DIYDIY neuroscienceilmu saraf equipmentperalatan
and I broughtdibawa some here tonightmalam ini,
26
78466
4405
yang menyediakan peralatan neurologi
rakit sendiri dan sebagian ada di sini,
01:34
and I want to do some demonstrationsdemonstrasi.
27
82871
2506
untuk saya demonstrasikan.
01:37
You guys want to see some?
28
85377
1434
Kalian mau melihat?
01:38
So I need a volunteersukarelawan.
29
86811
2963
Saya perlu seorang relawan.
01:41
So right before -- what is your namenama?
(ApplauseTepuk tangan)
30
89774
2253
Sebelumnya - siapa namamu?
(Tepuk tangan)
01:44
SamSam KellyKelly: SamSam.
31
92027
1043
Sam Kelly: Sam.
01:45
GregGreg GageGage: All right, SamSam, I'm going
to recordmerekam from your brainotak.
32
93070
3025
Greg Gage: Baiklah Sam,
saya akan merekam otakmu.
01:48
Have you had this before?
33
96095
1754
Kamu pernah melakukan ini sebelumnya?
01:49
SKSK: No.
34
97849
1101
SK : Tidak.
01:50
GGGG: I need you to sticktongkat out
your armlengan for scienceilmu,
35
98950
2314
GG : Julurkan tanganmu
demi ilmu pengetahuan,
01:53
rollgulungan up your sleevelengan a bitsedikit,
36
101264
1569
gulung lengan bajumu sedikit.
01:54
So what I'm going to do,
I'm puttingmenempatkan electrodeselektroda on your armlengan,
37
102833
2880
Saya akan memasang
elektrode di lenganmu,
01:57
and you're probablymungkin wonderingbertanya-tanya,
38
105713
1489
dan mungkin kau berpikir,
01:59
I just said I'm going to recordmerekam from your
brainotak, what am I doing with your armlengan?
39
107202
3739
kalau saya akan merekam otakmu,
mengapa saya memasang di lengan?
02:02
Well, you have about 80 billionmilyar neuronsneuron
insidedalam your brainotak right now.
40
110941
3234
Kamu memiliki 80 milyar
sel saraf di dalam otak.
02:06
They're sendingpengiriman electricallistrik messagespesan
back and forthsebagainya, and chemicalbahan kimia messagespesan.
41
114175
3488
Mereka bolak-balik
mengirimkan pesan elektro dan kimia.
02:09
But some of your neuronsneuron
right here in your motormotor cortexkorteks
42
117663
2673
Tapi sebagian neuron di korteks motorik
02:12
are going to sendKirim messagespesan down
when you movepindah your armlengan like this.
43
120336
3095
akan mengirimkan pesan saat
kamu menggerakkan lengan seperti ini.
02:15
They're going to go down
acrossmenyeberang your corpuskorpus callosumcallosum,
44
123431
2484
Mereka akan turun melewati korpus kalosum,
melalui saraf tulang belakang
menuju neuron motorik bawah
02:17
down ontoke your spinaltulang belakang cordtali
to your lowermenurunkan motormotor neuronneuron
45
125915
2534
sampai ke otot-otot di sini,
02:20
out to your musclesotot here,
46
128449
1269
02:21
and that electricallistrik dischargedebit
is going to be pickeddipetik up
47
129718
2609
dan sinyal elektro itu akan ditangkap
02:24
by these electrodeselektroda right here
48
132327
1534
oleh elektrode di sini
02:25
and we're going to be ablesanggup to listen
49
133861
1722
dan kita akan bisa mendengar
secara pasti apa yang
akan dilakukan oleh otakmu.
02:27
to exactlypersis what your brainotak
is going to be doing.
50
135583
2252
Jadi saya akan menyalakan ini.
02:29
So I'm going to turnbelok this on for a secondkedua.
51
137835
2000
Pernahkah kamu mendengar bunyi otakmu?
02:31
Have you ever heardmendengar
what your brainotak soundsterdengar like?
52
139835
2296
SK: Tidak.
GG: Ayo kita coba.
Coba remas tanganmu.
02:34
SKSK: No.
53
142131
1000
02:35
GGGG: Let's try it out.
So go aheaddi depan and squeezemeremas your handtangan.
54
143166
2734
02:37
(RumblingGemuruh)
55
145900
1072
(Suara menggumam)
02:38
So what you're listeningmendengarkan to,
56
146972
1876
Yang sedang kamu dengar,
02:40
so this is your motormotor unitsunit
happeningkejadian right here.
57
148848
3263
adalah unit motorikmu yang sedang bekerja.
02:44
Let's take a look at it as well.
58
152111
2081
Mari sekalian kita lihat.
02:46
So I'm going to standberdiri over here,
59
154192
2769
Saya akan berdiri di sini,
02:49
and I'm going to openBuka up our appaplikasi here.
60
157009
2143
dan menjalankan sebuah aplikasi.
02:52
So now I want you to squeezemeremas.
61
160028
1699
Sekarang coba remas.
02:53
(RumblingGemuruh)
62
161727
1000
(Suara gumaman)
Di sini, ini adalah unit
motorik yang sedang bekerja
02:54
So right here, these are the motormotor unitsunit
that are happeningkejadian
63
162816
2858
dari saraf tulang belakangnya
sampai ke otot di sini,
02:57
from her spinaltulang belakang cordtali
out to her muscleotot right here,
64
165674
2459
dan ketika dia meremas,
03:00
and as she's doing it,
65
168133
1222
Anda menyaksikan aktivitas
elektrik yang sedang terjadi di sini.
03:01
you're seeingmelihat the electricallistrik activityaktivitas
that's happeningkejadian here.
66
169355
2834
Anda bahkan dapat menekan ini
dan melihat salah satunya.
03:04
You can even clickklik here
and try to see one of them.
67
172189
2441
Lakukan lebih kuat lagi.
03:06
So keep doing it really hardkeras.
68
174630
1471
03:08
So now we'vekita sudah pausedberhenti sebentar
69
176101
1070
Sekarang kita berhenti
03:09
on one motormotor actiontindakan potentialpotensi that's
happeningkejadian right now insidedalam of your brainotak.
70
177171
4280
pada satu potensi aksi motorik
yang sedang terjadi di dalam otakmu.
03:13
Do you guys want to see some more?
71
181451
1776
Kalian mau melihat yang lain?
03:15
(ApplauseTepuk tangan)
72
183227
1583
(Tepuk tangan)
03:16
That's interestingmenarik,
but let's get it better.
73
184810
2119
Menarik memang,
tapi ayo kita buat lebih baik.
03:18
I need one more volunteersukarelawan.
74
186954
1324
Saya perlu seorang relawan lagi.
Siapa nama Anda, pak?
03:21
What is your namenama, sirtuan?
75
189857
1630
Miguel Goncalves: Miguel.
03:24
MiguelMiguel GoncalvesGoncalves: MiguelMiguel.
76
192000
1207
GG: Miguel, baiklah.
03:25
GGGG: MiguelMiguel, all right.
77
193269
1131
Silakan Anda berdiri di sini.
03:26
You're going to standberdiri right here.
78
194400
1576
03:27
So when you're movingbergerak your armlengan like this,
79
195976
1992
Saat Anda menggerakkan
lengan seperti ini,
03:29
your brainotak is sendingpengiriman a signalsinyal
down to your musclesotot right here.
80
197968
3115
otak Anda mengirimkan sinyal
ke otot di sini.
Saya ingin Anda
menggerakkan lengan Anda juga.
03:33
I want you to movepindah your armlengan as well.
81
201083
1774
03:34
So your brainotak is going to sendKirim
a signalsinyal down to your musclesotot.
82
202857
2874
Jadi otak Anda akan
mengirim sinyal ke otot-otot Anda.
03:37
And so it turnsberubah out that there is
a nervesaraf that's right here
83
205731
3849
Jadi ternyata ada sebuah saraf di sini
03:41
that runsberjalan up here that innervatesinnervates
these threetiga fingersjari,
84
209580
2756
yang mengontrol ketiga jemari ini,
03:44
and it's closedekat enoughcukup to the skinkulit
that we mightmungkin be ablesanggup
85
212336
2676
dan kita kemungkinan bisa
merangsangnya karena posisinya
03:47
to stimulatemerangsang that so that what we can do
86
215012
2334
begitu dekat dengan kulit, jadi kita bisa
03:49
is copysalinan your brainotak signalssinyal
going out to your handtangan
87
217346
3486
meniru sinyal yang dikirimkan
otak Anda ke lengan Anda
dan menyuntikkannya ke dalam lengan Anda,
03:52
and injectmenyuntikkan it into your handtangan,
88
220832
1521
03:54
so that your handtangan will movepindah
when your brainotak tellsmengatakan your handtangan to movepindah.
89
222353
3373
jadi lenganmu akan bergerak saat
otakmu menyuruh lenganmu bergerak.
03:57
So in a sensemerasakan, she will take away
your freebebas will
90
225726
3207
Jadi, dia akan mengambil
kehendak bebas Anda
04:00
and you will no longerlebih lama have
any controlkontrol over this handtangan.
91
228933
2960
dan Anda tidak lagi memiliki
kontrol atas lengan ini.
Anda mengerti?
04:03
You with me?
92
231964
1603
04:05
So I just need to hookmenghubungkan you up.
93
233567
2051
Saya hanya perlu
menyambungkan Anda berdua.
04:07
(LaughterTawa)
94
235618
1751
(Gelak tawa)
04:09
So I'm going to find your ulnarulnar nervesaraf,
95
237369
2061
Saya akan mencari saraf tulang hasta Anda,
04:11
whichyang is probablymungkin right around here.
96
239430
1962
yang biasanya ada di sekitar sini.
04:14
You don't know what you're signingpenandatanganan up for
97
242630
2001
Anda tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi
04:16
when you come up.
98
244631
1095
saat naik panggung.
Sekarang saya akan menyingkir
dan menyambungkan ini
04:17
So now I'm going to movepindah away
and we're going to plugsteker it in
99
245734
2765
ke mesin penghubung antar manusia di sini.
04:20
to our human-to-humanmanusia-ke-manusia interfaceantarmuka over here.
100
248524
2051
04:24
Okay, so SamSam, I want you
to squeezemeremas your handtangan again.
101
252345
3047
Jadi, Sam, coba remas lagi lengan Anda.
04:29
Do it again. PerfectSempurna.
102
257194
1958
Sekali lagi. Bagus.
04:31
So now I'm going to hookmenghubungkan you up
over here so that you get the --
103
259152
3003
Sekarang Anda akan saya
sambungkan ke sini supaya dapat --
04:34
It's going to feel
a little bitsedikit weirdaneh at first,
104
262155
2244
Pertamanya akan terasa aneh,
04:36
this is going to feel like a --
(LaughterTawa)
105
264399
2464
ini akan terasa seperti --
(Gelak tawa)
04:38
You know, when you losekalah your freebebas will,
and someonesome one elselain becomesmenjadi your agentagen,
106
266863
3817
Ketika Anda kehilangan keinginan bebas,
dan orang lain menjadi perwakilan Anda,
04:42
it does feel a bitsedikit strangeaneh.
107
270680
1626
itu pasti akan terasa aneh.
04:44
Now I want you to relaxbersantai your handtangan.
108
272306
1902
Sekarang coba lemaskan lengan Anda.
04:46
SamSam, you're with me?
109
274208
1324
Sam, Anda mengerti?
04:47
So you're going to squeezemeremas.
110
275532
1465
Coba remas.
04:48
I'm not going to turnbelok it on yetnamun,
so go aheaddi depan and give it a squeezemeremas.
111
276997
3287
Saya belum akan menyalakannya,
jadi coba Anda remas.
04:52
So now, are you readysiap, MiguelMiguel?
112
280284
1956
Sekarang, Miguel, Anda siap?
04:54
MGMG: ReadySiap as I'll ever be.
113
282240
1822
MG: Sesiap mungkin.
04:56
GGGG: I've turnedberbalik it on, so go aheaddi depan
and turnbelok your handtangan.
114
284062
3203
GG: Sudah dinyalakan,
ayo gerakkan lengan Anda.
04:59
Do you feel that a little bitsedikit?
MGMG: NopeNope.
115
287265
2033
Anda merasakannya?
MG: Tidak.
05:01
GGGG: Okay, do it again?
MGMG: A little bitsedikit.
116
289298
1900
GG: Coba lagi?
MG: Terasa sedikit.
05:03
GGGG: A little bitsedikit? (LaughterTawa)
117
291198
1686
GG: Sedikit? (Gelak tawa)
05:04
So relaxbersantai.
118
292884
1025
Lemaskan.
05:05
So hitmemukul it again.
119
293909
1416
Coba lagi.
05:07
(LaughterTawa)
120
295325
1196
(Gelak tawa)
05:08
Oh, perfectsempurna, perfectsempurna.
121
296521
1705
Bagus, bagus.
05:10
So relaxbersantai, do it again.
122
298226
1884
Lemaskan, lakukan lagi.
05:12
All right, so right now,
123
300110
2768
Baiklah, jadi sekarang,
05:14
your brainotak is controllingmengendalikan your armlengan
and it's alsojuga controllingmengendalikan his armlengan,
124
302878
4401
otak Anda sedang mengendalikan
lengan Anda dan lengannya,
05:19
so go aheaddi depan and just do it one more time.
125
307279
2192
coba lakukan sekali lagi.
05:21
All right, so it's perfectsempurna. (LaughterTawa)
126
309471
2033
Baiklah, sempurna. (Gelak tawa)
05:23
So now, what would happenterjadi
if I tookmengambil over my controlkontrol of your handtangan?
127
311504
3761
Apa yang akan terjadi jika saya
mengambil alih kendali atas lengan Anda?
05:27
And so, just relaxbersantai your handtangan.
128
315265
2243
Lemaskan lengan Anda.
05:29
What happensterjadi?
129
317508
2218
Apa yang terjadi?
05:31
AhAh, nothing.
130
319726
1034
Tidak ada.
05:32
Why not?
131
320760
1538
Kenapa tidak?
Karena otak yang harus melakukannya.
05:34
Because the brainotak has to do it.
132
322298
1695
05:35
So you do it again.
133
323993
1314
Coba Anda lakukan lagi.
05:37
All right, that's perfectsempurna.
134
325346
2434
Baik, itu sempurna.
05:39
Thank you guys for beingmakhluk
suchseperti itu a good sportolahraga.
135
327780
2539
Terima kasih telah
bersedia berpartisipasi.
05:42
This is what's happeningkejadian
all acrossmenyeberang the worlddunia --
136
330319
2256
Inilah yang sedang dilakukan
di seluruh dunia --
05:44
electrophysiologyElektrofisiologi!
137
332575
1336
elektrofisiologi!
05:45
We're going to bringmembawa on
the neuro-revolutionNeuro-revolusi.
138
333911
2247
Kita akan memulai revolusi saraf.
05:48
Thank you.
139
336158
1017
Terima kasih.
05:49
(ApplauseTepuk tangan)
140
337175
1753
(Tepuk tangan)
Translated by Lusia Nurdin
Reviewed by Amelia Purba

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.

Why you should listen

As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.

Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.

More profile about the speaker
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com