TEDxCHUV
Daphne Bavelier: Your brain on video games
Dafni Bavelier (Daphne Bavelier): Vaš mozak na video igrama
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Readability: 3.8
7,326,863 views
Kako brze video igre utiču na naš mozak? Uđite u laboratoriju sa kognitivnim istraživačem Dafni Bavelier i poslušajte iznenađujuće vesti o tome kako video igre, čak i akcione pucačke igre, mogu da nam pomognu da učimo, da se fokusiramo i da, sa neverovatnom preciznošću radimo više stvari istovremeno. (Snimljeno na TEDxCHUV)
Daphne Bavelier - Cognitive researcher
Daphne Bavelier studies how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature or by training. Full bio
Daphne Bavelier studies how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature or by training. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'm a brain scientist, and as a brain scientist,
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Ja sam neurolog, a kao neurolog,
00:19
I'm actually interested in how the brain learns,
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interesuje me kako zapravo mozak uči,
00:22
and I'm especially interested in a possibility of
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a posebno me interesuje mogućnost
00:26
making our brains smarter, better and faster.
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da mozak učinimo pametnijim,
boljim i bržim.
boljim i bržim.
00:30
This is in this context I'm going to tell you
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U tom smislu, govoriću vam
00:33
about video games. When we say video games,
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o video igrama.
Kada kažem video igre,
Kada kažem video igre,
00:36
most of you think about children.
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mnogi od vas pomisle na decu.
00:38
It's true. Ninety percent of children do play video games.
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Tačno je.
Devedeset posto dece igra video igre.
Devedeset posto dece igra video igre.
00:42
But let's be frank.
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Ali budimo iskreni.
00:45
When the kids are in bed, who is in front of the PlayStation?
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Kada su deca u krevetu,
ko je ispred PlayStationa?
ko je ispred PlayStationa?
00:50
Most of you. The average age of a gamer is 33 years old,
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Mnogi od vas.
Prosečna starost gejmera je 33 godine,
Prosečna starost gejmera je 33 godine,
00:57
not eight years old, and in fact, if we look
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ne osam godina, u stvari,
ako pogledamo
ako pogledamo
01:00
at the projected demographics of video game play,
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demografski prikaz gejmera za budućnost,
01:03
the video game players of tomorrow are
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gejmeri sutrašnjice su
01:06
older adults. (Laughter)
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stariji odrasli.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
01:09
So video [gaming] is pervasive throughout our society.
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Video igre prožimaju naše društvo.
01:13
It is clearly here to stay. It has an amazing impact
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One ne idu nikuda.
Imaju neverovatan uticaj
Imaju neverovatan uticaj
01:18
on our everyday life. Consider these statistics
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na naš svakodnevni život.
Pogledajte ove statističke podatke
Pogledajte ove statističke podatke
01:21
released by Activision. After one month of release
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koje je objavio Activision.
Mesec dana od kada je izašla
Mesec dana od kada je izašla
01:27
of the game "Call Of Duty: Black Ops," it had been played
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igra "Call Of Duty: Black Ops",
igrali su je ukupno
igrali su je ukupno
01:31
for 68,000 years
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68 000 godina
01:35
worldwide, right?
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širom sveta, zar ne?
01:37
Would any of you complain if this was the case
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Da li bi se neko od vas žalio
da na isti način
da na isti način
01:40
about doing linear algebra?
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vežbamo matematičke zadatke?
01:43
So what we are asking in the lab is, how can we leverage that power?
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Pitanje koje postavljamo u laboratoriji je:
kako da iskoristimo tu moć?
kako da iskoristimo tu moć?
01:47
Now I want to step back a bit.
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Želim da se vratim nazad na trenutak.
01:49
I know most of you have had the experience of coming back
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Znam da su mnogi od vas
doživeli da dođu kući
doživeli da dođu kući
01:52
home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games.
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i nađu svoju decu
kako igraju ovakve igre.
kako igraju ovakve igre.
01:57
(Shooting noises) The name of the game is to get
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(Pucnjava)
Suština igre je da stignete
Suština igre je da stignete
01:59
after your enemy zombie bad guys
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svoje neprijatelje, zombije
02:02
before they get to you, right?
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pre nego što oni stignu vas, zar ne?
02:06
And I'm almost sure most of you have thought,
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Gotovo sam sigurna
da je većina vas pomislila:
da je većina vas pomislila:
02:09
"Oh, come on, can't you do something more intelligent
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‚‚Ma hajde,
možeš valjda da radiš nešto pametnije
možeš valjda da radiš nešto pametnije
02:12
than shooting at zombies?"
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od pucanja u zombije?"
02:15
I'd like you to put this kind of knee-jerk reaction
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Volela bih da stavite ovu impulsivnu reakciju
02:19
in the context of what you would have thought
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u kontekst u kome
02:21
if you had found your girl playing sudoku
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ste našli svoju devojčicu
kako popunjava sudoku
kako popunjava sudoku
02:25
or your boy reading Shakespeare. Right?
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ili svog dečaka kako čita Šekspira.
02:29
Most parents would find that great.
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Većini roditelja bi ovo bilo fantastično.
02:32
Well, I'm not going to tell you that playing video games
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Pa, neću vam reći da je igranje video igara
02:35
days in and days out is actually good for your health.
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po ceo dan zapravo dobro za vaše zdravlje.
02:38
It's not, and binging is never good.
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I nije, a zavisnost nikada nije dobra.
02:42
But I'm going to argue that in reasonable doses,
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Ali tvrdim da u razumnoj meri,
02:46
actually the very game I showed you at the beginning,
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baš ona igra koju sam vam
pokazala na početku
pokazala na početku
02:48
those action-packed shooter games
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i sve te pucačke igre pune akcije
02:51
have quite powerful effects and positive effects
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imaju prilično jak i pozitivan uticaj
02:55
on many different aspects of our behavior.
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na mnoge aspekte našeg ponašanja.
02:59
There's not one week that goes without some major
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Ne prođe ni jedna nedelja
bez nekog velikog
bez nekog velikog
03:02
headlines in the media about whether video games are
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naslova u novinama
o tome da li su video igre
o tome da li su video igre
03:05
good or bad for you, right? You're all bombarded with that.
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dobre ili loše po vas, zar ne?
Bombarduju vas tim informacijama.
Bombarduju vas tim informacijama.
03:10
I'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside
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Volela bih da ostavimo po strani
raspravu u baru u petak uveče
raspravu u baru u petak uveče
03:15
and get you to actually step into the lab.
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i da vas stvarno uvedem u laboratoriju.
03:19
What we do in the lab is actually measure directly,
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Ono što mi radimo u laboratoriji jeste
da direktno merimo,
da direktno merimo,
03:21
in a quantitative fashion, what is the impact
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kvantitativnim metodama, uticaj
03:24
of video games on the brain.
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video igara na mozak.
03:27
And so I'm going to take a few examples from our work.
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Zbog toga ću uzeti
par primera iz našeg rada.
par primera iz našeg rada.
03:30
One first saying that I'm sure you all have heard
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Prva zabluda
za koju sam sigurna da ste čuli
za koju sam sigurna da ste čuli
03:33
is the fact that too much screen time
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jeste da previše gledanja u monitor
03:35
makes your eyesight worse.
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kvari vaš vid.
03:38
That's a statement about vision.
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To je tvrdnja o vidu.
03:40
There may be vision scientists among you.
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Možda ima oftalmologa među vama.
03:43
We actually know how to test that statement.
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Mi u stvari znamo
kako da testiramo tu tvrdnju.
kako da testiramo tu tvrdnju.
03:46
We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is.
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Možemo da uđemo u laboratoriju
i da izmerimo koliko dobro vidite.
i da izmerimo koliko dobro vidite.
03:49
Well, guess what? People that don't play a lot
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Možete li da pogodite?
Ljudi koji ne igraju puno akcionih
Ljudi koji ne igraju puno akcionih
03:53
of action games, that don't actually spend a lot of time
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igara, koji ne provode puno vremena
03:56
in front of screens, have normal, or what we call
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ispred monitora,
imaju normalan ili kako ga mi zovemo
imaju normalan ili kako ga mi zovemo
03:59
corrective-to-normal vision. That's okay.
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korektivan do normalan vid.
To je uredu.
To je uredu.
04:02
The issue is what happens with these guys that actually
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Problem je ono što se u stvari događa onima
04:04
indulge into playing video games like five hours per week,
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koji se prepuštaju video igrama
otprilike pet sati nedeljno,
otprilike pet sati nedeljno,
04:08
10 hours per week, 15 hours per week.
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10 sati nedeljno,15 sati nedeljno.
04:10
By that statement, their vision should be really bad, right?
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Po tome, njihov vid bi trebalo
da je veoma loš, zar ne?
da je veoma loš, zar ne?
04:13
Guess what? Their vision is really, really good.
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Pogodite šta?
Njihov vid je veoma, veoma dobar.
Njihov vid je veoma, veoma dobar.
04:16
It's better than those that don't play.
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Bolji nego kod onih koji ne igraju.
04:18
And it's better in two different ways.
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I bolji je na dva različita načina.
04:20
The first way is that they're actually able to resolve
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Prvo, oni mogu da prepoznaju
04:23
small detail in the context of clutter, and though that means
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sitne detatalje u velikoj gužvi,
a to znači
a to znači
04:26
being able to read the fine print on a prescription
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da mogu da pročitaju
sitna slova na lekovima
sitna slova na lekovima
04:30
rather than using magnifier glasses, you can actually do it
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i da pritom ne koriste lupu,
jednostavno možete
jednostavno možete
04:34
with just your eyesight.
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da ih vidite golim okom.
04:36
The other way that they are better is actually being able
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Druga stvar u kojoj su bolji
jeste što mogu
jeste što mogu
04:39
to resolve different levels of gray.
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da razlikuju više nivoa sive boje.
04:42
Imagine you're driving in a fog. That makes a difference
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Zamislite da vozite po magli.
Od toga zavisi
Od toga zavisi
04:45
between seeing the car in front of you
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da li ćete videti auto ispred sebe ili ne
04:47
and avoiding the accident, or getting into an accident.
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i da li ćete izbeći nesreću,
ili ćete imati nesreću.
ili ćete imati nesreću.
04:51
So we're actually leveraging that work to develop games
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Mi u stvari koristimo ova saznanja
da bismo razvili igre
da bismo razvili igre
04:54
for patients with low vision, and to have an impact
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za pacijente sa slabim vidom,
i da bismo uticali
i da bismo uticali
04:59
on retraining their brain to see better.
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na njihov mozak da bolje vidi.
05:02
Clearly, when it comes to action video games,
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Bez sumnje,
kada su akcione video igre u pitanju
kada su akcione video igre u pitanju
05:06
screen time doesn't make your eyesight worse.
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gledanje u monitor
vam ne pogoršava vid.
vam ne pogoršava vid.
05:08
Another saying that I'm sure you have all heard around:
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Još jedna zabluda
za koju sam sigurna da ste čuli:
za koju sam sigurna da ste čuli:
05:12
Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability.
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video igre izazivaju probleme sa pažnjom
i povećanu rastrojenost.
i povećanu rastrojenost.
05:17
Okay, we know how to measure attention in the lab.
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Dobro, znamo kako da merimo pažnju
u laboratoriji.
u laboratoriji.
05:21
I'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so.
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Pokazaću vam jedan primer
kako to radimo.
kako to radimo.
05:24
I'm going to ask you to participate, so you're going to have
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Zamoliću vas da učestvujete,
morate zaista
morate zaista
05:27
to actually play the game with me. I'm going to show you
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da igrate igru sa mnom.
Pokazaću vam
Pokazaću vam
05:30
colored words. I want you to shout out the color of the ink.
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obojene reči.
Hoću da glasno kažete boju slova.
Hoću da glasno kažete boju slova.
05:35
Right? So this is the first example.
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U redu? Evo prvog primera.
05:39
["Chair"]
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["Stolica"]
05:40
Orange, good. ["Table"] Green.
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Narandžasto, dobro. [‚‚Sto"] Zeleno.
05:43
["Board"] Audience: Red.Daphne Bavelier: Red.
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[‚‚Tabla"] Publika: Crveno.
DB: Crveno.
DB: Crveno.
05:44
["Horse"] DB: Yellow. Audience: Yellow.
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[‚‚Konj"] DB: Žuto.
Publika: Žuto.
Publika: Žuto.
05:46
["Yellow"] DB: Red. Audience: Yellow.
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[‚‚Žuto"] DB: Crveno.
Publika: Žuto.
Publika: Žuto.
05:47
["Blue"] DB: Yellow.
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[‚‚Plavo"] DB: Žuto.
05:49
Okay, you get my point, right? (Laughter)
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U redu, vidite u čemu je stvar, zar ne?
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
05:55
You're getting better, but it's hard. Why is it hard?
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Popravljate se, ali je teško.
Zašto je teško?
Zašto je teško?
05:58
Because I introduced a conflict between
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Zato što sam upotrebila
nesaglasnost između
nesaglasnost između
06:02
the word itself and its color.
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same reči i njene boje.
06:05
How good your attention is determines actually how fast
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Koliko dobru pažnju imate
odrediće koliko brzo
odrediće koliko brzo
06:08
you resolve that conflict, so the young guys here
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ćete prevazići nesaglasnost,
mladi ljudi ovde
mladi ljudi ovde
06:11
at the top of their game probably, like, did a little better
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na svom vrhuncu,
su verovatno bili malo bolji
su verovatno bili malo bolji
06:13
than some of us that are older.
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od nas starijih.
06:16
What we can show is that when you do this kind of task
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Možemo da pokažemo da,
kada radite ovakav zadatak
kada radite ovakav zadatak
06:18
with people that play a lot of action games,
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sa ljudima koji igraju puno akcionih igara,
06:20
they actually resolve the conflict faster.
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oni u stvari brže prevazilaze
ovu nesaglasnost.
ovu nesaglasnost.
06:23
So clearly playing those action games doesn't lead
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Očigledno,
igranje tih akcionih igara ne izaziva
igranje tih akcionih igara ne izaziva
06:26
to attention problems.
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probleme sa pažnjom.
06:29
Actually, those action video game players have
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Zapravo, ljudi koji igraju
akcione video igre imaju
akcione video igre imaju
06:31
many other advantages in terms of attention, and one
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mnoge drguge prednosti
kada je pažnja u pitanju, a jedan
kada je pažnja u pitanju, a jedan
06:33
aspect of attention which is also improved for the better
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vid pažnje koji se takođe poboljšava
06:36
is our ability to track objects around in the world.
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je sposobnost praćenja objekata u svetu.
06:41
This is something we use all the time. When you're driving,
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To je nešto čime se mi stalno koristimo.
Dok vozite,
Dok vozite,
06:43
you're tracking, keeping track of the cars around you.
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vi pratite,
vodite računa o vozilima oko vas.
vodite računa o vozilima oko vas.
06:47
You're also keeping track of the pedestrian, the running dog,
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Takođe vodite računa o pešacima,
psu koji trči,
psu koji trči,
06:50
and that's how you can actually be safe driving, right?
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i na taj način,
vi vozite bezbedno, zar ne?
vi vozite bezbedno, zar ne?
06:53
In the lab, we get people to come to the lab,
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U laboratoriji,
ljudi koji dođu u laboratoriju,
ljudi koji dođu u laboratoriju,
06:56
sit in front of a computer screen, and we give them
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sednu ispred kompjuterskog ekrana
i mi im dajemo
i mi im dajemo
06:58
little tasks that I'm going to get you to do again.
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male zadatke,
koje ću vam pokazati.
koje ću vam pokazati.
07:01
You're going to see yellow happy faces
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Videćete žuta nasmejana lica
07:04
and a few sad blue faces. These are children
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i nekoliko plavih tužnih lica.
Ovo su deca
Ovo su deca
07:08
in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess
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u školskom dvorištu
u Ženevi za vreme odmora
u Ženevi za vreme odmora
07:11
during the winter. Most kids are happy. It's actually recess.
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zimi. Većina dece je srećna.
Odmor je.
Odmor je.
07:16
But a few kids are sad and blue because they've forgotten their coat.
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Ali neka deca su tužna i plava
zato što su zaboravila svoje kapute.
zato što su zaboravila svoje kapute.
07:19
Everybody begins to move around, and your task
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Svi počinju da se pomeraju,
a vaš zadatak je
a vaš zadatak je
07:22
is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning
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da pratite ko je imao kaput na početku,
07:25
and who didn't. So I'm just going to show you an example
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a ko nije.
Pokazaću vam jedan primer
Pokazaću vam jedan primer
07:28
where there is only one sad kid. It's easy because you can
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gde imamo samo jedno jedno tužno dete.
Lako je jer možete
Lako je jer možete
07:31
actually track it with your eyes. You can track,
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jednostavno da ga pratite pogledom.
Možete da pratite,
Možete da pratite,
07:33
you can track, and then when it stops, and there is
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pratite, a kada se zaustavi,
pojavi se
pojavi se
07:35
a question mark, and I ask you, did this kid have a coat or not?
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znak pitanja i pita vas,
da li je ovo dete imalo kaput ili ne?
da li je ovo dete imalo kaput ili ne?
07:39
Was it yellow initially or blue?
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Da li je na početku bilo žuto ili plavo?
07:42
I hear a few yellow. Good. So most of you have a brain. (Laughter)
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Čujem nekoliko žutih. Dobro.
Dakle većina vas ima mozak. (Smeh)
Dakle većina vas ima mozak. (Smeh)
07:46
I'm now going to ask you to do the task, but now with
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Sada ću vas zamoliti da uradite zadatak,
ali sada će to biti
ali sada će to biti
07:51
a little more challenging task. There are going to be
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malo zahtevnihi zadatak.
Njih troje
Njih troje
07:53
three of them that are blue. Don't move your eyes.
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će biti obojeni u plavo.
Ne pomerajte pogled.
Ne pomerajte pogled.
07:56
Please don't move your eyes. Keep your eyes fixated
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Molim vas ne pomerajte pogled.
Neka vam pogled bude fiksiran
Neka vam pogled bude fiksiran
07:58
and expand, pull your attention. That's the only way
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i proširen, privucite svoju pažnju.
To je jedini način
To je jedini način
08:01
you can actually do it. If you move your eyes, you're doomed.
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da stvarno uradite ovo.
Ako šetate pogledom, gotovi ste.
Ako šetate pogledom, gotovi ste.
08:04
Yellow or blue?
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Žuto ili plavo?
08:05
Audience: Yellow.DB: Good.
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Publika: Žuto.
DB: Dobro.
DB: Dobro.
08:07
So your typical normal young adult
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Naša tipična normalna
mlada odrasla osoba
mlada odrasla osoba
08:09
can have a span of about three or four objects of attention.
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može da fokusira pažnju
na tri ili četiri objekta.
na tri ili četiri objekta.
08:13
That's what we just did. Your action video game player
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To smo upravo uradili.
Oni koji igraju akcione video igre
Oni koji igraju akcione video igre
08:16
has a span of about six to seven objects of attention,
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mogu da prate šest do sedam objekata,
08:19
which is what is shown in this video here.
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što se i vidi u ovom videu ovde.
08:22
That's for you guys, action video game players.
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Ovaj je za vas koji igrate akcione video igre.
08:25
A bit more challenging, right? (Laughter)
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Malo veći izazov, zar ne?
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
08:27
Yellow or blue? Blue. We have some people
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Žuto ili plavo?
Plavo. Imamo neke ljude
Plavo. Imamo neke ljude
08:31
that are serious out there. Yeah. (Laughter)
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koji su ozbiljni tamo.
To. (Smeh)
To. (Smeh)
08:34
Good. So in the same way that we actually see
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Dobro. Na isti način na koji vidimo
08:38
the effects of video games on people's behavior,
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efekat video igara na ponašanje,
08:41
we can use brain imaging and look at the impact
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možemo da snimimo mozak
i da vidimo uticaj
i da vidimo uticaj
08:44
of video games on the brain, and we do find many changes,
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video igara na njega,
tada nailazimo na dosta promena,
tada nailazimo na dosta promena,
08:48
but the main changes are actually to the brain networks
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ali najveće promene su, zapravo,
na moždanoj povezanosti
na moždanoj povezanosti
08:51
that control attention. So one part is the parietal cortex
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koja kontroliše pažnju.
Jedan deo je temeni režanj
Jedan deo je temeni režanj
08:56
which is very well known to control the orientation of attention.
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za koji je dobro poznato
da kontroliše orijentaciju pažnje.
da kontroliše orijentaciju pažnje.
09:00
The other one is the frontal lobe, which controls
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Drugi je čeoni režanj,
koji kontroliše
koji kontroliše
09:02
how we sustain attention, and another one
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kako održavamo pažnju,
i još jedan
i još jedan
09:05
is the anterior cingulate, which controls how we allocate
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je prednji cingulat,
koji kontroliše kako usredseđujemo
koji kontroliše kako usredseđujemo
09:07
and regulate attention and resolve conflict.
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i regulišemo pažnju i rešavamo konflikte.
09:11
Now, when we do brain imaging, we find that all three
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Sada, kada snimimo mozak,
vidimo da su sve tri
vidimo da su sve tri
09:14
of these networks are actually much more efficient
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od ovih mreža ustvari mnogo efikasnije
09:17
in people that play action games.
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kod ljudi koji igraju akcione igre.
09:20
This actually leads me to a rather counterintuitive finding
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Ovo me vodi do zaključka,
u literaturi o tehnologiji i mozgu,
u literaturi o tehnologiji i mozgu,
09:24
in the literature about technology and the brain.
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koji se kosi sa intuicijom.
09:28
You all know about multitasking. You all have been faulty
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Svi znate šta je "multitasking".
Svi ste krivi za
Svi ste krivi za
09:32
of multitasking when you're driving
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"multitasking" za vreme
vožnje automobila
vožnje automobila
09:34
and you pick up your cellphone. Bad idea. Very bad idea.
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kada uzmete mobilni telefon.
Loša ideja. Jako loša ideja.
Loša ideja. Jako loša ideja.
09:39
Why? Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone,
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Zašto? Zato što dok se vaša pažnja
preusmerava na mobilni telefon,
preusmerava na mobilni telefon,
09:43
you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly
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vi ustvari gubite mogućnost
da reagujete brzo
da reagujete brzo
09:47
to the car braking in front of you, and so you're
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na automobil koji koči ispred vas
i zato postoji
i zato postoji
09:50
much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.
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mnogo veća šansa
da ćete se naći u nesreći.
da ćete se naći u nesreći.
09:55
Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.
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Sada, možemo da merimo
takve sposobnosti u laboratoriji.
takve sposobnosti u laboratoriji.
09:58
We obviously don't ask people to drive around and see
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Očigledno ne teramo ljude
da se voze okolo da bismo brojali
da se voze okolo da bismo brojali
10:01
how many car accidents they have. That would be a little
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koliko će nesreća imati.
Cena toga
Cena toga
10:03
costly proposition. But we design tasks on the computer
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bi bila previsoka.
Ali pravimo zadatke na kompjuteru
Ali pravimo zadatke na kompjuteru
10:06
where we can measure, to millisecond accuracy,
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gde možemo da izmerimo,
precizno u milisekundu,
precizno u milisekundu,
10:10
how good they are at switching from one task to another.
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koliko brzo oni prelaze
sa jednog zadatka na drugi.
sa jednog zadatka na drugi.
10:14
When we do that, we actually find that people
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Na ovaj način,
došli smo do zaključka da su ljudi
došli smo do zaključka da su ljudi
10:17
that play a lot of action games are really, really good.
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koji igraju puno akcionih igara
zaista, zaista dobri u ovome.
zaista, zaista dobri u ovome.
10:20
They switch really fast, very swiftly. They pay a very small cost.
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Oni se prebacuju veoma brzo,
veoma okretno.
veoma okretno.
10:24
Now I'd like you to remember that result, and put it
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Sada bih volela da upamtite
taj rezultat i stavite ga
taj rezultat i stavite ga
10:27
in the context of another group of technology users,
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u kontekst druge grupe korisnika tehnologije,
10:31
a group which is actually much revered by society,
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grupe koja je jako cenjena u društvu
10:33
which are people that engage in multimedia-tasking.
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a to su ljudi koji koriste više medija istovremeno
(multimedia-tasking).
(multimedia-tasking).
10:38
What is multimedia-tasking? It's the fact that most of us,
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Šta je "multimedia-tasking"?
Činjenica je da, većina nas
Činjenica je da, većina nas
10:41
most of our children, are engaged with listening to music
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većina naše dece, sluša muziku
10:45
at the same time as they're doing search on the web
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dok u isto vreme pretražuje internet
10:47
at the same time as they're chatting on Facebook with their friends.
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i istovremeno četuje na Fejsbuku
sa svojim prijateljima.
sa svojim prijateljima.
10:51
That's a multimedia-tasker.
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To je "multimedia-tasker".
10:53
There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford
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Prvo istraživanje koje su izvršile
kolege sa Stanforda,
kolege sa Stanforda,
10:57
and that we replicated that showed that
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a koje smo mi ponovili,
pokazalo je da su
pokazalo je da su
10:59
those people that identify as being high multimedia-taskers
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ljudi koji kažu da su
"multimedijalni-taskeri"
"multimedijalni-taskeri"
11:04
are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.
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apsolutno užasni
u "multitaskingu".
u "multitaskingu".
11:08
When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.
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Kada ih ispitamo u laboratoriji,
pokazuju se veoma loše.
pokazuju se veoma loše.
11:10
Right? So these kinds of results really
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Zar ne? Ovakvi rezultati nas dovode
11:13
makes two main points.
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do dva glavna zaključka.
11:15
The first one is that not all media are created equal.
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Prvi je da nisu svi mediji jednaki.
11:19
You can't compare the effect of multimedia-tasking
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Ne možete da uporedite
efekat "multimedijalnog-taskinga"
efekat "multimedijalnog-taskinga"
11:24
and the effect of playing action games. They have
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i efekat igranja akcionih video igara.
Oni imaju
Oni imaju
11:25
totally different effects on different aspects of cognition,
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potpuno različit efekat
na različite vidove saznanja
na različite vidove saznanja
11:29
perception and attention.
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percepcije i pažnje.
11:32
Even within video games, I'm telling you right now
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Čak i u samim video igrama,
sada govorim
sada govorim
11:35
about these action-packed video games.
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o ovim video igrama
koje su pune akcije.
koje su pune akcije.
11:36
Different video games have a different effect on your brains.
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Različite video igre
različito utiču na vaš mozak.
različito utiču na vaš mozak.
11:40
So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure
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Zato moramo da uđemo u laboratoriju
i stvarno izmerimo
i stvarno izmerimo
11:42
what is the effect of each video game.
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kakav je efekat svake video igre posebno.
11:45
The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.
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Druga lekcija je da
obična mudrost ne znači mnogo.
obična mudrost ne znači mnogo.
11:49
I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that
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To sam vam već pokzala,
videli smo činjenice da
videli smo činjenice da
11:52
despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers
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uprkos dosta vremena provedenog
ispred monitora, gejmeri
ispred monitora, gejmeri
11:55
have a lot of very good vision, etc.
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imaju jako dobar vid, itd.
11:59
Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates
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Ono što je stvarno iznenađijuće
je da su studenti,
je da su studenti,
12:02
that actually report engaging in a lot of high
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koji kažu da se često bave
12:05
multimedia-tasking are convinced they aced the test.
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"multimedija-taskingom",
ubeđeni da su odlično prošli na testu.
ubeđeni da su odlično prošli na testu.
12:10
So you show them their data, you show them they are bad
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Pokažete im njihove podatke,
pokažete im da su loši,
pokažete im da su loši,
12:12
and they're like, "Not possible." You know, they have
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a oni vam kažu: "Nema šanse."
Znate, oni imaju
Znate, oni imaju
12:15
this sort of gut feeling that, really, they are doing really, really good.
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neki osećaj da su stvarno
vrlo, vrlo dobri u tome.
vrlo, vrlo dobri u tome.
12:19
That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab
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To je još jedan razlog zbog koga
moramo da uđemo u laboratoriju
moramo da uđemo u laboratoriju
12:22
and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.
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i stvarno izmerimo
uticaj tehnologije na mozak.
uticaj tehnologije na mozak.
12:26
Now in a sense, when we think about the effect
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U nekom smislu,
kada razmišljamo o uticaju
kada razmišljamo o uticaju
12:30
of video games on the brain, it's very similar
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video igara na mozak,
on je vrlo sličan
on je vrlo sličan
12:33
to the effect of wine on the health.
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uticaju koji vino ima na zdravlje.
12:36
There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some
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Postoje neke jako loše primene vina.
Postoje i neke
Postoje i neke
12:40
very poor uses of video games. But when consumed
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jako loše primene video igara.
Ali kada ga uzimamo
Ali kada ga uzimamo
12:44
in reasonable doses, and at the right age,
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u razumnim dozama,
i sa dovoljno godina,
i sa dovoljno godina,
12:47
wine can be very good for health. There are actually
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vino može da bude jako povoljno za zdravlje.
Zapravo postoje
Zapravo postoje
12:51
specific molecules that have been identified
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posebni molekuli koji su pronađeni
12:54
in red wine as leading to greater life expectancy.
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u crnom vinu koji utiču na dužinu života.
13:00
So it's the same way, like those action video games
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Na isti način, kao što te akcione video igre
13:03
have a number of ingredients that are actually really
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imaju dosta karakteristika koje ustvari vrlo
13:05
powerful for brain plasticity, learning, attention,
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snažno utiču na plastičnost mozga,
učenje, pažnju,
učenje, pažnju,
13:09
vision, etc., and so we need and we're working on
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vid, itd mi radimo na tome
13:12
understanding what are those active ingredients so that
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da nađemo koje su to
aktivne karakteristike da bismo
aktivne karakteristike da bismo
13:15
we can really then leverage them to deliver better games,
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mogli stvarno da ih iskoristimo
i da napravimo bolje igre,
i da napravimo bolje igre,
13:19
either for education or for rehabilitation of patients.
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bilo za obrazovanje
ili rehabilitaciju pacijenata.
ili rehabilitaciju pacijenata.
13:23
Now because we are interested in having an impact
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Pošto želimo da utičemo
13:27
for education or rehabilitation of patients, we are actually
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na obrazovanje ili rehabilitaciju pacijenata
nas ustvari
nas ustvari
13:29
not that interested in how those of you that choose
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ne zanima kakve rezultate postižete
13:33
to play video games for many hours on end perform.
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vi koji provodite puno vremena
igrajući video igre.
igrajući video igre.
13:37
I'm much more interested in taking any of you
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Mnogo više nas interesuje
da na bilo kome od vas
da na bilo kome od vas
13:40
and showing that by forcing you to play an action game,
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pokažemo, tako što ćemo vas naterati
da igrate akcione igre,
da igrate akcione igre,
13:44
I can actually change your vision for the better,
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da ustvari možemo da promenimo
vaš vid na bolje,
vaš vid na bolje,
13:47
whether you want to play that action game or not, right?
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bez obzira na to
da li želite da igrate video igre ili ne.
da li želite da igrate video igre ili ne.
13:49
That's the point of rehabilitation or education.
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U tome je svrha rehabilitacije ili obrazovanja.
13:52
Most of the kids don't go to school saying,
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Većina dece koja idu školu neće reći:
13:54
"Great, two hours of math!"
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"Super, dva sata matematike!"
13:56
So that's really the crux of the research, and to do that,
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To je u stvari srž ovog istraživanja,
a da bismo to postigli,
a da bismo to postigli,
14:01
we need to go one more step.
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treba da napravimo sledeći korak.
14:03
And one more step is to do training studies.
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A sledeći korak je
da sprovedemo istraživanje u treniranju.
da sprovedemo istraživanje u treniranju.
14:06
So let me illustrate that step with
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Dozvolite mi da objasnim ovaj korak
14:10
a task which is called mental rotation.
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zadatkom koji se zove mentalna rotacija.
14:13
Mental rotation is a task where I'm going to ask you,
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Mentalna rotacija je zadatak,
zamoliću vas -
zamoliću vas -
14:18
and again you're going to do the task,
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i vi ćete da rešite zadatak -
14:19
to look at this shape. Study it, it's a target shape,
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da pogledate ovu figuru.
Proučite je, to je tražena figura,
Proučite je, to je tražena figura,
14:23
and I'm going to present to you four different shapes.
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pokazaću vam ćetiri različite figure.
14:26
One of these four different shapes is actually a rotated
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Jedna od te četiri različite figure
je zapravo rotirana
je zapravo rotirana
14:29
version of this shape. I want you to tell me which one:
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verzija ove figure.
Kažite mi koja:
Kažite mi koja:
14:33
the first one, second one, third one or fourth one?
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prva, druga, treća ili četvrta?
14:38
Okay, I'll help you. Fourth one.
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Dobro, pomoći ću vam.
Četvrta je.
Četvrta je.
14:41
One more. Get those brains working. Come on.
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Još jednom. Uključite mozak.
Hajde.
Hajde.
14:45
That's our target shape.
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To je naša tražena figura.
14:50
Third. Good! This is hard, right?
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Treća. Odlično!
Teško je, zar ne?
Teško je, zar ne?
14:54
Like, the reason that I asked you to do that is because
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Razlog zašto sam vas zamolila
da uradite ovo je što
da uradite ovo je što
14:55
you really feel your brain cringing, right?
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stvarno možete da osetite
kako vam se mozak grči, zar ne?
kako vam se mozak grči, zar ne?
14:58
It doesn't really feel like playing mindless action video games.
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Baš i ne izgleda kao da igrate
prazne akcione video igre.
prazne akcione video igre.
15:02
Well, what we do in these training studies is, people
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Pa, ono čime se bavimo
u ovom istraživanju je sledeće:
u ovom istraživanju je sledeće:
15:04
come to the lab, they do tasks like this one,
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ljudi dođu u laboratoriju,
urade jedan ovakav zadatak
urade jedan ovakav zadatak
15:07
we then force them to play 10 hours of action games.
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onda ih mi primoramo
da igraju akcione igre 10 sati.
da igraju akcione igre 10 sati.
15:11
They don't play 10 hours of action games in a row.
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Oni ne igraju 10 sati odjednom.
15:14
They do distributed practice, so little shots of 40 minutes
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Rasporede svoje vreme
tako da igraju po 40 minuta
tako da igraju po 40 minuta
15:17
several days over a period of two weeks.
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nekoliko dana
u periodu od dve nedelje.
u periodu od dve nedelje.
15:21
Then, once they are done with the training, they come back
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Onda, kada završe sa treningom,
vraćaju se
vraćaju se
15:23
a few days later and they are tested again on a similar type
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nekoliko dana kasnije
i ponovo ih testiramo na sličnoj vrsti
i ponovo ih testiramo na sličnoj vrsti
15:27
of mental rotation task. So this is work from a colleague
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mentalno rotacionog zadatka.
Ovo je rad kolege
Ovo je rad kolege
15:31
in Toronto. What they showed is that, initially,
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iz Toronta.
Oni su pokazali da, u početku,
Oni su pokazali da, u početku,
15:33
you know, subjects perform where they are expected
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znate, ispitanici daju očekivane rezultate
15:36
to perform given their age. After two weeks of training
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za određeno starosno doba.
Posle dve nedelje treninga
Posle dve nedelje treninga
15:41
on action video games, they actually perform better,
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sa akcionim video igrama,
oni ustvari daju bolje rezultate
oni ustvari daju bolje rezultate
15:45
and the improvement is still there five months after
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i poboljšanje je još uvek tu
pet meseci posle
pet meseci posle
15:50
having done the training. That's really, really important.
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završetka treninga.
To je vrlo, vrlo važno.
To je vrlo, vrlo važno.
15:53
Why? Because I told you we want to use these games
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Zašto? Zato što sam vam rekla
da želimo da koristimo ove igre
da želimo da koristimo ove igre
15:55
for education or for rehabilitation. We need to have effects
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u obrazovanju i rehabilitaciji.
Trebaju nam rezultati
Trebaju nam rezultati
15:58
that are going to be long-lasting.
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koji će biti trajni.
16:01
Now, at this point, a number of you are probably wondering
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U ovom trenutku se mnogi od vas
verovatno pitaju
verovatno pitaju
16:04
well, what are you waiting for, to put on the market
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pa, šta čekate,
zašto ne izbacite na tržište
zašto ne izbacite na tržište
16:08
a game that would be good for the attention
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igru koja bi bila dobra za pažnju
16:10
of my grandmother and that she would actually enjoy,
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moje bake
i u kojoj bi ona stvarno uživala
i u kojoj bi ona stvarno uživala
16:14
or a game that would be great to rehabilitate the vision
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ili igru koja bi bila odlična
za rehabilitaciju vida
za rehabilitaciju vida
16:17
of my grandson who has amblyopia, for example?
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mog unuka koji boluje
od ambliopije, na primer?
od ambliopije, na primer?
16:20
Well, we're working on it, but here is a challenge.
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Pa, radimo na tome,
ali postoji izazov.
ali postoji izazov.
16:25
There are brain scientists like me that are beginning
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Postoje neurolozi,
kao što sam ja, koji počinju
kao što sam ja, koji počinju
16:27
to understand what are the good ingredients in games
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da shvataju koji su dobri
sastavni delovi igara
sastavni delovi igara
16:30
to promote positive effects, and that's what I'm going
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za postizanje pozitivnih rezultata,
nazvaću to
nazvaću to
16:33
to call the broccoli side of the equation.
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"brokoli" strana jednačine.
16:37
There is an entertainment software industry
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Postoji industija softvera za zabavu
16:40
which is extremely deft at coming up with
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koja je veoma vešta u osmišljavanju
16:44
appealing products that you can't resist.
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privlačnih proizvoda
kojima ne možete da odolite.
kojima ne možete da odolite.
16:48
That's the chocolate side of the equation.
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To je "čokoladna" strana jednačine.
16:52
The issue is we need to put the two together,
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Problem je sastaviti te dve strane,
16:55
and it's a little bit like with food.
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što pomalo podseća na hranu.
16:57
Who really wants to eat chocolate-covered broccoli?
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Ko bi uopšte hteo da jede brokoli
preliven čokoladom?
preliven čokoladom?
17:00
None of you. (Laughter) And you probably have had
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Niko. (Smeh)
I verovatno ste imali takvo iskustvo
I verovatno ste imali takvo iskustvo
17:03
that feeling, right, picking up an education game
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zar ne?
Uzmete igru za učenje
Uzmete igru za učenje
17:05
and sort of feeling, hmm, you know, it's not really fun,
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i nekako osetite da, hmm,
znate, baš i nije zabavna,
znate, baš i nije zabavna,
17:08
it's not really engaging. So what we need
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nije baš zanimljiva.
Ono što nama treba
Ono što nama treba
17:11
is really a new brand of chocolate, a brand of chocolate
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je ustvari nova vrsta čokolade,
vrsta čokolade
vrsta čokolade
17:14
that is irresistible, that you really want to play,
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koja je neodoljiva,
koju stvarno želite da igrate,
koju stvarno želite da igrate,
17:18
but that has all the ingredients, the good ingredients
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ali koja ima sve sastojke,
dobre sastojke
dobre sastojke
17:21
that are extracted from the broccoli that you can't recognize
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koji se nalaze u brokoliju
koje ne možete da prepoznate
koje ne možete da prepoznate
17:24
but are still working on your brains. And we're working on it,
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ali koji ipak utiču na vaš mozak.
I mi radimo na tome,
I mi radimo na tome,
17:27
but it takes brain scientists to come and to get together,
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ali je neophodno da se neurolozi okupe
17:32
people that work in the entertainment software industry,
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sa ljudima koji rade u industriji
za proizvodnju softvera za zabavu
za proizvodnju softvera za zabavu
17:35
and publishers, so these are not people that usually
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i sa izdavačima,
ovo nisu ljudi koji se obično
ovo nisu ljudi koji se obično
17:37
meet every day, but it's actually doable,
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sastaju svakodnevno,
ali je izvodljivo
ali je izvodljivo
17:40
and we are on the right track.
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i na pravom smo putu.
17:42
I'd like to leave you with that thought,
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Želim da imate to na umu
17:44
and thank you for your attention. (Applause)
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i da vam se zahvalim na pažnji.
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
17:48
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daphne Bavelier - Cognitive researcherDaphne Bavelier studies how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature or by training.
Why you should listen
Daphne Bavelier studies how humans learn -- in particular, how the brain adapts to changes in experience, either by nature (for example, deafness) or by training (for example, playing video games). At her lab, her work shows that playing fast-paced, action-packed entertainment video games typically thought to be mind-numbing actually benefits several aspects of behavior. Exploiting this counterintuitive finding, her lab now investigates how new media, such as video games, can be leveraged to foster learning and brain plasticity.
Daphne Bavelier | Speaker | TED.com