TEDSalon NY2014
Ruth Chang: How to make hard choices
Rut Čeng (Ruth Chang): Kako donositi teške odluke
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Evo govora koji vam može bukvalno promeniti život. Koju karijeru treba da sledim? Da li da raskinem - ili da se udam? Gde bi trebalo da živim? Velike odluke kao što su ove mogu biti očajnički teške. Ali to je tako zato što ramišljamo o njima na pogrešan način, kaže filozof Rut Čeng. Ona nudi snažan novi okvir za oblikovanje onoga što zaista jesmo.
Ruth Chang - Philosopher
Ruth Chang asks why some choices are so hard — and what that means for the human condition. Full bio
Ruth Chang asks why some choices are so hard — and what that means for the human condition. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Think of a hard choice you'll face in the near future.
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Pomislite na težak izbor sa kojim
ćete se suočiti u bliskoj budućnosti.
ćete se suočiti u bliskoj budućnosti.
00:16
It might be between two careers --
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To može biti između dve karijere -
00:18
artist and accountant --
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umetnika i računovođe -
00:20
or places to live -- the city or the country --
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ili mesta za život - grada ili sela -
00:23
or even between two people to marry --
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ili čak između dve osobe sa kojom
biste se venčali -
biste se venčali -
00:25
you could marry Betty or you could marry Lolita.
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možete oženiti Beti
ili možete oženiti Lolitu.
ili možete oženiti Lolitu.
00:28
Or it might be a choice about
whether to have children,
whether to have children,
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Ili to može biti izbor u vezi s tim
da li imati dece,
da li imati dece,
00:31
to have an ailing parent move in with you,
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da li će se oboleli roditelj
useliti kod vas,
useliti kod vas,
00:33
to raise your child in a religion
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da li odgajati dete u veri
00:36
that your partner lives by
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po kojoj živi vaš partner
00:37
but leaves you cold.
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ali ste vi ravnodušni prema njoj.
00:39
Or whether to donate your life savings to charity.
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Ili da li ćete donirati svoju životnu
ušteđevinu u dobrotvorne svrhe.
ušteđevinu u dobrotvorne svrhe.
00:42
Chances are, the hard choice you thought of
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Verovatno je da je težak izbor
na koji ste pomislili
na koji ste pomislili
00:44
was something big, something momentous,
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nešto veliko, nešto važno,
00:46
something that matters to you.
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nešto što vam je od značaja.
00:48
Hard choices seem to be occasions
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Čini se da su teški izbori povodi
00:51
for agonizing, hand-wringing,
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za agoniju, zabrinutost,
00:53
the gnashing of teeth.
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škrgutanje zubima.
Ali mislim da smo pogrešno
razumeli teške izbore
razumeli teške izbore
00:55
But I think we've misunderstood hard choices
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00:58
and the role they play in our lives.
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i ulogu koju oni igraju u našim životima.
01:00
Understanding hard choices
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Razumevanje teških izbora
01:02
uncovers a hidden power
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razotkriva sakrivenu moć
01:04
each of us possesses.
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koju svako od nas poseduje.
01:06
What makes a choice hard is the way
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Ono što čini izbor teškim jeste način
na koji se alternative međusobno odnose.
01:08
the alternatives relate.
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01:10
In any easy choice,
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U slučaju lakog izbora,
01:12
one alternative is better than the other.
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jedna alternativa je bolja od druge.
01:15
In a hard choice,
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Kod teškog izbora,
01:16
one alternative is better in some ways,
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jedna alternativa je bolja na neke načine,
01:18
the other alternative is better in other ways,
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druga alternativa je bolja
na druge načine,
na druge načine,
a nijedna nije bolja od druge
celokupno gledano.
celokupno gledano.
01:21
and neither is better than the other overall.
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01:24
You agonize over whether to stay
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Upinjete se oko toga da li da ostanete
01:27
in your current job in the city
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na svom trenutnom poslu u gradu
01:28
or uproot your life for
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ili da premestite svoj život radi
01:31
more challenging work in the country
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izazovnijeg rada na selu
01:33
because staying is better in some ways,
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jer je ostajanje bolje na neke načine,
01:35
moving is better in others,
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preseljenje je bolje na druge,
01:37
and neither is better than the other overall.
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a nijedno od njih nije bolje od drugog
sveukupno.
sveukupno.
01:41
We shouldn't think that all hard choices are big.
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Ne treba misliti
da su svi teški izbori veliki.
da su svi teški izbori veliki.
01:45
Let's say you're deciding what to have for breakfast.
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Recimo da odlučujute šta ćete doručkovati.
01:47
You could have high fiber bran cereal
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Možete jesti visoko vlaknaste
cerealije od mekinja
cerealije od mekinja
01:50
or a chocolate donut.
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ili čokoladnu krofnu.
01:52
Suppose what matters in the choice
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Pretpostavimo da je ono što je
važno za izbor
važno za izbor
01:53
is tastiness and healthfulness.
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ukus i zdrava svojstva.
01:56
The cereal is better for you,
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Žitarice su bolje za vas,
01:58
the donut tastes way better,
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krofna je boljeg ukusa,
02:00
but neither is better than the other overall,
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ali nijedno nije bolje
od drugog sveukupno,
od drugog sveukupno,
02:03
a hard choice.
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težak izbor.
02:05
Realizing that small choices
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Shvatanje da mali izbori
02:07
can also be hard
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mogu takođe biti teški
može učiniti da se veliki teški izbori
učine manje nesavladivim.
učine manje nesavladivim.
02:09
may make big hard choices seem less intractable.
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02:13
After all, we manage to figure
out what to have for breakfast,
out what to have for breakfast,
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Na kraju krajeva, uspevamo da rešimo
šta ćemo doručkovati,
šta ćemo doručkovati,
02:16
so maybe we can figure out
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tako da možda možemo da rešimo
02:17
whether to stay in the city
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da li ostati u gradu
02:19
or uproot for the new job in the country.
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ili premestiti se,
radi novog posla, na selo.
radi novog posla, na selo.
02:23
We also shouldn't think that hard choices are hard
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Takođe ne bi trebalo da mislimo
da su teški izbori teški
da su teški izbori teški
02:28
because we are stupid.
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zato što smo mi glupi.
02:30
When I graduated from college,
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Kada sam diplomirala na fakultetu,
02:32
I couldn't decide between two careers,
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nisam mogla da se odlučim
između dve karijere,
između dve karijere,
02:34
philosophy and law.
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filozofije i prava.
02:36
I really loved philosophy.
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Zaista sam volela filozofiju.
02:39
There are amazing things you can learn
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Postoje neverovatne stvari
koje možete naučiti
koje možete naučiti
02:41
as a philosopher,
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kao filozof,
02:42
and all from the comfort of an armchair.
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i sve to iz udobnosti fotelje.
02:45
But I came from a modest immigrant family
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Ali ja sam potekla iz skromne
imigrantske porodice
imigrantske porodice
02:49
where my idea of luxury
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gde je moja ideja o luksuzu
02:50
was having a pork tongue and jelly sandwich
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bila imati svinjski jezik i žele sendvič
02:53
in my school lunchbox,
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u mojoj kutiji za školski ručak,
02:55
so the thought of spending my whole life
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tako da je pomisao o provođenju
mog celog života
mog celog života
02:57
sitting around in armchairs just thinking,
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sedeći u fotelji samo razmišljajući,
03:00
well, that struck me as the height
of extravagance and frivolity.
of extravagance and frivolity.
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pa, to mi je delovalo kao vrhunac
ekstravagancije i neozbiljnosti.
ekstravagancije i neozbiljnosti.
03:05
So I got out my yellow pad,
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Tako da sam izvadila svoj žuti notes,
03:07
I drew a line down the middle,
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nacrtala sam liniju po sredini,
03:09
and I tried my best to think of the reasons
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i trudila sam se da smislim razloge
03:11
for and against each alternative.
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za i protiv svake alternative.
03:15
I remember thinking to myself,
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Sećam se da sam pomislila,
03:17
if only I knew what my life
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samo kad bih znala kakav bi moj život
03:20
in each career would be like.
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u svakoj karijeri bio.
03:22
If only God or Netflix would send me a DVD
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Kada bi mi samo bog
ili Netfliks poslao DVD
ili Netfliks poslao DVD
03:26
of my two possible future careers, I'd be set.
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moje dve moguće buduće karijere,
bila bih spremna.
bila bih spremna.
03:29
I'd compare them side by side,
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Uporedila bih ih jednu pored druge,
03:31
I'd see that one was better,
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videla bih da je jedna bolja,
03:33
and the choice would be easy.
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i izbor bi bio lak.
03:35
But I got no DVD,
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Ali nemam DVD,
03:37
and because I couldn't figure out which was better,
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i pošto nisam mogla da odredim
koja je bolja,
koja je bolja,
03:40
I did what many of us do in hard choices:
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učinila sam oni što mnogi od nas rade
pri teškim izborima:
pri teškim izborima:
03:43
I took the safest option.
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odabrala sam najsigurniju opciju.
03:46
Fear of being an unemployed philosopher
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Strah od toga da ću biti
nezaposleni filozof
nezaposleni filozof
03:49
led me to become a lawyer,
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me je odveo do toga da postanem advokat,
03:51
and as I discovered,
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i kao što sam otkrila,
03:53
lawyering didn't quite fit.
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advokatura baš i nije odgovarala.
03:55
It wasn't who I was.
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To nije bilo ono što ja jesam.
03:57
So now I'm a philosopher,
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Tako da sam sada filozof,
03:59
and I study hard choices,
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i izučavam teške izbore,
04:01
and I can tell you that fear of the unknown,
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i mogu vam reći da je strah od nepoznatog,
04:04
while a common motivational default
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mada je čest motivacioni standard
04:07
in dealing with hard choices,
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u izlaženju na kraj sa teškim izborima,
04:10
rests on a misconception of them.
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zasnovan na njihovom pogrešnom shvatanju.
04:12
It's a mistake to think that in hard choices,
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Greška je misliti da je kod teških izbora
04:15
one alternative really is better than the other,
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jedna alternativa zaista bolja od druge,
04:18
but we're too stupid to know which,
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ali smo mi isuviše glupi
da bismo znali koja,
da bismo znali koja,
04:20
and since we don't know which, we might as well
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i pošto ne znamo koja, mogli bismo bar
04:21
take the least risky option.
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da odaberemo najmanje rizičnu opciju.
04:24
Even taking two alternatives side by side
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Čak i ako stavimo dve alternative
jednu pored druge
jednu pored druge
04:27
with full information, a choice can still be hard.
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sa potpunim informacijama,
izbor i dalje može biti težak.
izbor i dalje može biti težak.
04:32
Hard choices are hard
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Teški izbori su teški
04:34
not because of us or our ignorance;
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ne zbog nas ili našeg neznanja;
04:36
they're hard because there is no best option.
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oni su teški zato što nema
najbolje opcije.
najbolje opcije.
04:40
Now, if there's no best option,
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Sad, ako nema najbolje opcije,
04:42
if the scales don't tip in favor of one alternative
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ako vaga ne naginje u korist
jedne od alternativa
jedne od alternativa
04:46
over another,
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u odnosu na drugu,
04:48
then surely the alternatives must be equally good.
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onda sigurno alternative moraju biti
podjednako dobre.
podjednako dobre.
04:51
So maybe the right thing to say in hard choices
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Dakle možda je za teške izbore
ispravno reći
ispravno reći
04:53
is that they're between equally good options.
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da su oni između jednako dobrih opcija.
04:56
But that can't be right.
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To ne može biti ispravno.
04:58
If alternatives are equally good,
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Ako su alternative podjednako dobre,
04:59
you should just flip a coin between them,
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trebalo bi da samo baciš novčić
između njih,
između njih,
05:02
and it seems a mistake to think,
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a deluje pogrešno misliti,
05:03
here's how you should decide between careers,
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evo kako treba odlučivati između karijera,
05:06
places to live, people to marry: Flip a coin.
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mesta za život, ljudi za ženidbu
ili udaju: baci novčić.
ili udaju: baci novčić.
05:10
There's another reason for thinking
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Postoji još jedan razlog za mišljenje
05:12
that hard choices aren't choices
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da teški izbori nisu izbori
05:14
between equally good options.
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između jednako dobrih opcija.
05:18
Suppose you have a choice between two jobs:
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Uzmimo da imate izbor između dva posla:
05:21
you could be an investment banker
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možete biti investicioni bankar
05:24
or a graphic artist.
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ili grafički umetnik.
05:27
There are a variety of things
that matter in such a choice,
that matter in such a choice,
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Postoji mnoštvo stvari koje su značajne
u takvom izboru,
u takvom izboru,
05:30
like the excitement of the work,
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kao što je uzbudljivost posla,
05:32
achieving financial security,
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postizanje finansijke sigurnosti,
05:34
having time to raise a family, and so on.
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imati vremena za podizanje porodice,
i tako dalje.
i tako dalje.
05:36
Maybe the artist's career puts you
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Možda vas karijera umetnika dovodi
05:39
on the cutting edge of new forms
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nadomak novih oblika
05:42
of pictorial expression.
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slikarskog izražavanja.
05:43
Maybe the banking career
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Možda vas bankarska karijera
05:45
puts you on the cutting edge
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postavlja nadomak
05:47
of new forms of financial manipulation.
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novih oblika finansijske manipulacije.
05:51
Imagine the two jobs however you like
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Zamislite dva posla kako god hoćete
05:54
so that neither is better than the other.
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tako da nijedan nije bolji od drugog.
05:57
Now suppose we improve one of them a bit.
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Sada pretpostavimo
da malo poboljšamo jedan od njih.
da malo poboljšamo jedan od njih.
06:00
Suppose the bank, wooing you,
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Pretpostavimo da banka, mameći vas,
06:03
adds 500 dollars a month to your salary.
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doda 500 dolara mesečno na vašu platu.
06:06
Does the extra money now make the banking job
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Da li dodatni novac sada čini
bankarski posao
bankarski posao
06:10
better than the artist one?
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boljim od umetničkog?
06:12
Not necessarily.
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Ne nužno.
06:15
A higher salary makes the banking job
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Veća plata čini bankarski posao
06:17
better than it was before,
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boljim nego što je bio ranije,
06:19
but it might not be enough to make
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ali to možda nije dovoljno da učini da
06:21
being a banker better than being an artist.
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biti bankar bude bolje od toga
da se bude umetnik.
da se bude umetnik.
06:25
But if an improvement in one of the jobs
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Ali ako poboljšanje jednog od poslova
06:27
doesn't make it better than the other,
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njega ne čini boljim od drugog,
06:29
then the two original jobs
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onda dva prvobitna posla
06:30
could not have been equally good.
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nisu mogla biti jednako dobra.
06:33
If you start with two things that are equally good,
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Ako počnete sa dve stvari
koje su jednako dobre,
koje su jednako dobre,
06:35
and you improve one of them,
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i poboljšate jednu od njih,
06:37
it now must be better than the other.
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sada ona mora biti bolja od druge.
06:40
That's not the case with options in hard choices.
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To nije slučaj sa opcijama
u teškim izborima.
u teškim izborima.
06:45
So now we've got a puzzle.
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Dakle sada imamo zagonetku.
06:47
We've got two jobs.
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Imamo dva posla.
06:49
Neither is better than the other,
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Nijedan nije bolji od drugog,
06:51
nor are they equally good.
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niti su podjednako dobri.
06:53
So how are we supposed to choose?
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Pa kako bi trebalo da odaberemo?
06:55
Something seems to have gone wrong here.
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Nešto izgleda da je ovde krenulo naopako.
07:00
Maybe the choice itself is problematic
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Možda je sam izbor problematičan
07:02
and comparison is impossible.
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i poređenje je nemoguće.
07:06
But that can't be right.
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Ali to ne može biti ispravno.
07:07
It's not like we're trying to choose between
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Nije da pokušavamo da odaberemo između
07:09
two things that can't be compared.
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dve stvari koje se ne mogu uporediti.
07:11
We're weighing the merits of two jobs, after all,
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Procenjujemo odlike dva posla,
na kraju krajeva,
na kraju krajeva,
07:15
not the merits of the number nine
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ne odlike broja devet
07:16
and a plate of fried eggs.
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i tanjira prženih jaja.
07:19
A comparison of the overall merits of two jobs
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Poređenje celokupnih odlika dva posla
07:23
is something we can make,
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2004
je nešto što možemo napraviti,
07:25
and one we often do make.
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i često ga i pravimo.
07:29
I think the puzzle arises
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Mislim da zabuna nastaje
07:31
because of an unreflective assumption
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2319
zbog nepromišljene pretpostavke
07:33
we make about value.
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koju donosimo o vrednostima.
07:36
We unwittingly assume that values
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Mi, ne znajući,
pretpostavljamo da su vrline
pretpostavljamo da su vrline
07:39
like justice, beauty, kindness,
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kao što su pravičnost, lepota, dobrota,
07:41
are akin to scientific quantities,
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srodne naučnim kvantitetima,
07:44
like length, mass and weight.
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kao što su dužina, masa i težina.
07:49
Take any comparative question not involving value,
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Uzmite bilo koje poredbeno pitanje
koje ne uključuje vrednost,
koje ne uključuje vrednost,
07:52
such as which of two suitcases is heavier.
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kao što je koji je od dva kofera teži.
07:55
There are only three possibilities.
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Postoje samo tri mogućnosti.
07:58
The weight of one is greater, lesser
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Težina jednog je veća, manja
08:01
or equal to the weight of the other.
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ili jednaka težini drugog.
08:04
Properties like weight can be represented
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Svojstva kao što je težina
mogu biti predstavljena
mogu biti predstavljena
08:06
by real numbers -- one, two, three and so on --
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realnim brojevima -
jedan, dva, tri i tako dalje -
jedan, dva, tri i tako dalje -
08:09
and there are only three possible comparisons
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i postoje samo tri moguća poređenja
08:12
between any two real numbers.
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između bilo koja dva realna broja.
08:15
One number is greater, lesser,
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Jedan broj je veći, manji
08:17
or equal to the other.
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ili jednak drugome.
08:20
Not so with values.
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Nije tako sa vrednostima.
08:23
As post-Enlightenment creatures,
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Kao post-prosvetiteljska bića,
08:25
we tend to assume
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skloni smo da pretpostavimo
08:27
that scientific thinking holds the key
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da naučno mišljenje ima odgovor
08:29
to everything of importance in our world,
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na sve od značaja u našem svetu,
08:33
but the world of value
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ali svet vrednosti
08:34
is different from the world of science.
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se razlikuje od sveta nauke.
08:36
The stuff of the one world
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1714
Stvari jednog sveta
08:38
can be quantified by real numbers.
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mogu biti izražene realnim brojevima.
08:40
The stuff of the other world can't.
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Stvari drugog sveta ne mogu.
08:43
We shouldn't assume
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Ne bi trebalo da pretpostavimo
08:45
that the world of is, of lengths and weights,
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da svet "jeste", dužina i težina,
08:47
has the same structure as the world of ought,
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ima istu strukturu kao svet "treba",
08:50
of what we should do.
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onoga što bi trebalo činiti.
08:52
So if what matters to us --
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Dakle, ako ono što nam je važno -
08:55
a child's delight, the love
you have for your partner —
you have for your partner —
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radost deteta, ljubav koju osećate
prema svom partneru -
prema svom partneru -
08:58
can't be represented by real numbers,
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526258
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ne može biti predstavljeno
realnim brojevima,
realnim brojevima,
09:01
then there's no reason to believe
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2005
onda nema razloga verovati
09:03
that in choice, there are only three possibilities --
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da kod izbora postoje
samo tri mogućnosti -
samo tri mogućnosti -
09:06
that one alternative is better, worse or equal
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3625
da je jedna alternativa
bolja, gora ili ista
bolja, gora ili ista
09:10
to the other.
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538127
1980
kao i druga.
09:12
We need to introduce a new, fourth relation
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Moramo da uvedemo novu, četvrtu relaciju
09:16
beyond being better, worse or equal,
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osim biti bolji, gori ili isti,
09:20
that describes what's going on in hard choices.
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koja opisuje šta se događa
u teškim izborima.
u teškim izborima.
09:23
I like to say that the alternatives are
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Volim da kažem da su alternative
09:25
"on a par."
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na istom nivou.
Kada su alternative na istom nivou,
09:27
When alternatives are on a par,
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09:28
it may matter very much which you choose,
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može veoma biti značajno
koju ćete izabrati,
koju ćete izabrati,
09:32
but one alternative isn't better than the other.
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3293
ali jedna alternativa nije bolja od druge.
09:35
Rather, the alternatives are in
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Tačnije, alternative su
09:37
the same neighborhood of value,
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2278
u istom susedstvu vrednosti,
09:39
in the same league of value,
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567659
1999
u istom savezu vrednosti,
09:41
while at the same time being very different
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2525
dok su istovremeno veoma različite
09:44
in kind of value.
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po vrsti vrednosti.
09:46
That's why the choice is hard.
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3478
Zato je izbor težak.
09:49
Understanding hard choices in this way
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Razumevanje teških izbora na ovaj način
09:52
uncovers something about ourselves we didn't know.
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razotkriva nešto o nama što nismo znali.
09:56
Each of us has the power
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Svako od nas ima moć
09:58
to create reasons.
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3538
da stvori razloge.
10:01
Imagine a world in which every choice you face
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3207
Zamislite svet u kome je svaki izbor
sa kojim se suočavate
sa kojim se suočavate
10:05
is an easy choice,
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1690
lak izbor,
10:06
that is, there's always a best alternative.
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2392
odnosno, uvek postoji
najbolja alternativa.
najbolja alternativa.
10:09
If there's a best alternative,
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1748
Ako postoji najbolja alternativa,
10:10
then that's the one you should choose,
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1442
onda je ona ta koju treba odabrati,
10:12
because part of being rational
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600222
2010
jer je sastavni deo racionalnosti
10:14
is doing the better thing rather than the worse thing,
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2590
činiti bolju stvar radije nego goru,
10:17
choosing what you have most reason to choose.
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604822
3216
izabrati ono za šta imaš
više razloga da odabereš.
više razloga da odabereš.
10:20
In such a world,
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2062
U takvom svetu,
10:22
we'd have most reason
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imali bismo najviše razloga
10:24
to wear black socks instead of pink socks,
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2480
da nosimo crne čarape umesto rozih čarapa,
10:27
to eat cereal instead of donuts,
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1915
da jedemo žitarice umesto krofni,
10:29
to live in the city rather than the country,
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1605
da živimo u gradu radije nego na selu,
10:30
to marry Betty instead of Lolita.
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2202
da oženimo Beti umesto Lolite.
10:32
A world full of only easy choices
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3118
Svet pun isključivo lakih izbora
10:35
would enslave us to reasons.
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bi nas potčinio razumu.
10:39
When you think about it,
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2567
Kada razmislite o tome,
10:42
it's nuts to believe
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suludo je verovati
10:45
that the reasons given to you
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da su razlozi koji su vam dati
10:48
dictated that you had most reason to pursue
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propisivali da imate
najviše razloga da se bavite
najviše razloga da se bavite
10:53
the exact hobbies you do,
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2758
tačno tim hobijima kojima se bavite,
10:55
to live in the exact house you do,
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2279
da živite tačno u toj kući u kojoj živite,
10:58
to work at the exact job you do.
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3236
da radite tačno taj posao na kome radite.
11:01
Instead, you faced alternatives
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2528
Umesto toga,
suočili ste se sa alternativama
suočili ste se sa alternativama
11:03
that were on a par — hard choices —
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3415
koje su bile na istom nivou, teški izbori,
11:07
and you made reasons for yourself
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2771
i sačinili ste razloge za sebe
11:10
to choose that hobby, that house and that job.
256
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4622
da odaberete taj hobi,
tu kuću i taj posao.
tu kuću i taj posao.
11:14
When alternatives are on a par,
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2541
Kada su alternative na istom nivou,
11:17
the reasons given to us, the ones
258
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1730
razlozi koji su nam dati,
11:19
that determine whether we're making a mistake,
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2768
oni koji određuju da li pravimo grešku,
11:21
are silent as to what to do.
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nemi su po pitanju toga šta treba činiti.
11:24
It's here, in the space of hard choices,
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Ovde, u prostoru teških izbora,
11:28
that we get to exercise
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omogućeno nam je da vežbamo
11:30
our normative power,
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2679
našu normativnu moć,
11:33
the power to create reasons for yourself,
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moć da stvaramo razloge sami za sebe,
11:35
to make yourself
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da učinimo sebe
11:37
into the kind of person
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onakvom osobom
11:40
for whom country living
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2233
za koju je život na selu
11:42
is preferable to the urban life.
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2733
poželjniji od urbanog života.
11:45
When we choose between
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1738
Kada biramo između
11:46
options that are on a par,
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1699
opcija koje su na istom nivou,
11:48
we can do something really rather remarkable.
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3773
možemo da uradimo nešto
zaista veoma izvanredno.
zaista veoma izvanredno.
11:52
We can put our very selves behind an option.
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3723
Možemo da postavimo same sebe iza opcije.
11:56
Here's where I stand.
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2817
Evo gde ja stojim.
11:58
Here's who I am. I am for banking.
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3386
Evo ko sam ja.
Ja sam za bankarstvo.
Ja sam za bankarstvo.
12:02
I am for chocolate donuts.
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3636
Ja sam za čokoladne krofne.
12:05
This response in hard choices
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2543
Ovaj odgovor u teškim izborima
12:08
is a rational response,
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2088
je racionalni odgovor,
12:10
but it's not dictated by reasons given to us.
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2918
ali nije propisan razlozima
koji su nam dati.
koji su nam dati.
12:13
Rather, it's supported by reasons created by us.
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6448
Umesto toga, podržan je razlozima
koje smo stvorili.
koje smo stvorili.
12:19
When we create reasons for ourselves
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2405
Kada kreiramo razloge za sebe
12:22
to become this kind of person rather than that,
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3314
da postanemo ovakva osoba umesto onakva,
12:25
we wholeheartedly become the people that we are.
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mi svesrdno postajemo ljudi kakvi jesmo.
12:29
You might say that we become the authors
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Moglo bi se reći da postajemo autori
12:31
of our own lives.
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3086
naših sopstvenih života.
12:34
So when we face hard choices,
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2452
Dakle kada se suočavamo
sa teškim izborima,
sa teškim izborima,
12:37
we shouldn't beat our head against a wall
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2222
ne treba da udaramo glavom o zid
12:39
trying to figure out which alternative is better.
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2497
pokušavajući da shvatimo
koja alternativa je bolja.
koja alternativa je bolja.
12:42
There is no best alternative.
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2439
Nema najbolje alternative.
12:44
Instead of looking for reasons out there,
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2519
Umesto traganja za razlozima negde tamo,
12:47
we should be looking for reasons in here:
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2586
treba da potražimo razloge ovde:
12:49
Who am I to be?
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2679
Ko ja treba da budem?
12:52
You might decide to be a pink sock-wearing,
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3156
Možda ćete odlučiti da budete
neko ko nosi roze čarape,
neko ko nosi roze čarape,
12:55
cereal-loving, country-living banker,
293
763309
3688
voli cerealije, bankar koji živi na selu,
12:59
and I might decide to be a black sock-wearing,
294
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3576
a ja mogu odlučiti da budem
neko ko nosi crne čarape,
neko ko nosi crne čarape,
13:02
urban, donut-loving artist.
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3457
urbani umetnik ljubitelj krofni.
13:06
What we do in hard choices is very much
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2807
Ono što činimo u teškim izborima
je u velikoj meri
je u velikoj meri
13:09
up to each of us.
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3983
na nama samima.
13:13
Now, people who don't exercise their
normative powers in hard choices
normative powers in hard choices
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4651
Sad, ljudi koji ne upražnjavaju svoju
normativnu moć u teškim izborima
normativnu moć u teškim izborima
13:17
are drifters.
299
785471
1615
su lutalice.
13:19
We all know people like that.
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2082
Svi mi znamo takve ljude.
13:21
I drifted into being a lawyer.
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2150
Ja sam zalutala u advokaturu.
13:23
I didn't put my agency behind lawyering.
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2091
Nisam postavila svoju podršku
iza advokature.
iza advokature.
13:25
I wasn't for lawyering.
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2680
Nisam bila za advokaturu.
13:28
Drifters allow the world
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2931
Lutalice dopuštaju svetu
13:31
to write the story of their lives.
305
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2224
da napiše priču njihovih života.
13:33
They let mechanisms of reward and punishment --
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801244
3903
Oni dopuštaju mehanizmima
nagrade i kazne -
nagrade i kazne -
13:37
pats on the head, fear, the easiness of an option —
307
805147
3840
tapšanjima po glavi, strahu,
lakoći opcije -
lakoći opcije -
13:41
to determine what they do.
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2671
da odredi šta oni čine.
13:43
So the lesson of hard choices:
309
811658
2476
Dakle, lekcija o teškim izborima
13:46
reflect on what you can put your agency behind,
310
814134
4475
odnosi se na to iza čega
možete staviti svoju podršku,
možete staviti svoju podršku,
13:50
on what you can be for,
311
818609
2390
ili za šta možete biti,
13:53
and through hard choices,
312
820999
2770
i kroz teške izbore,
13:55
become that person.
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2777
postati takva osoba.
13:58
Far from being sources of agony and dread,
314
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3178
Daleko od toga
da su izvor agonije i strepnje,
da su izvor agonije i strepnje,
14:01
hard choices are precious opportunities
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3570
teški izbori su dragocene prilike
14:05
for us to celebrate what is special
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833294
1931
za nas da slavimo ono što je osobeno
14:07
about the human condition,
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1833
u vezi sa ljudskom situacijom,
14:09
that the reasons that govern our choices
318
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2630
da razloga koji upravljaju našim izborima
14:11
as correct or incorrect
319
839688
1983
kao ispravnim ili neispravnim
14:13
sometimes run out,
320
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1662
ponekad ponestane,
14:15
and it is here, in the space of hard choices,
321
843333
3223
i tu, u prostoru teških izbora,
14:18
that we have the power
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846556
1689
imamo moć
14:20
to create reasons for ourselves
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848245
2512
da stvorimo razloge za sebe
14:22
to become the distinctive people that we are.
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850757
3578
da postanemo
karakteristični ljudi kakvi jesmo.
karakteristični ljudi kakvi jesmo.
14:26
And that's why hard choices are not a curse
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2620
A zbog toga teški izbori nisu kletva
14:29
but a godsend.
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1650
već božiji dar.
14:30
Thank you.
327
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2671
Hvala vam.
(Aplauz)
14:33
(Applause)
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861276
3295
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ruth Chang - PhilosopherRuth Chang asks why some choices are so hard — and what that means for the human condition.
Why you should listen
When Ruth Chang graduated from college, she was presented with a choice: Should she pursue a career in philosophy, or a career in law? Soon after finishing Harvard Law School and dipping her toe in the legal world, she regretted her decision and switched paths. She went off to Oxford University to study philosophy and has been a philosopher studying choice, freedom, value and action ever since.
Chang's research focuses on decision-making and the human condition: How do we exercise our freedom through the choices we make? She studies the relationship between reason and value, and how we navigate the sea of pros and cons as we make decisions that shape our lives.
Ruth Chang | Speaker | TED.com