TED2018
Laura L. Dunn: It's time for the law to protect victims of gender violence
劳拉 L · 邓恩: 是时候通过法律去保护性别暴力受害者了
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要让美国的性别暴力责任得到追究，我们需要改变策略，受害者权益律师和TED伙伴劳拉 L · 邓恩指出。与其在一个又一个机构中呼吁变革，我们更需要诉诸宪法，通过平等权利修正案来要求州政府解决性别歧视和暴力问题。通过这个彻底的改变，邓恩指出：“我们的司法体系就可以成为一个公正的体系，而 '我也是' 最后就会变成 '不再有'。“
Laura L. Dunn - Victims' rights attorney
TED Fellow Laura L. Dunn advocates for survivors of campus sexual violence through effective legal assistance, policy advocacy, and institutional training. Full bio
TED Fellow Laura L. Dunn advocates for survivors of campus sexual violence through effective legal assistance, policy advocacy, and institutional training. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Throughout the United States,
there is growing social awareness
there is growing social awareness
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美国上下，越来越多的人意识到
性暴力和性骚扰在我们的各个组织中
00:17
that sexual violence and harassment
are far too common occurrences
are far too common occurrences
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发生得实在过于普遍了。
00:20
within our various institutions --
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这些行为却常常没有受到任何追究。
00:23
occurrences often
without any accountability.
without any accountability.
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00:27
As a result, the Me Too
movement is upon us,
movement is upon us,
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于是，“我也是（Me Too）”
这个运动诞生了。
这个运动诞生了。
00:29
and survivors everywhere
are speaking out to demand change.
are speaking out to demand change.
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各地的受害者都在
大声疾呼，要求改变现状。
大声疾呼，要求改变现状。
00:32
Students have rallied against
sexual assault on campus.
sexual assault on campus.
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学生们在校园集会反对性侵犯，
00:35
Service members have demanded
Congress reform the military,
Congress reform the military,
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服役人员要求国会改革军队，
00:39
and workers ranging from
Hollywood stars to janitorial staff
Hollywood stars to janitorial staff
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从好莱坞明星到门卫的工作人员，
00:43
have called out sexual harassment
in the workplace.
in the workplace.
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都在大声揭露办公场所的性骚扰。
00:47
This is a tipping point.
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这是一个转折点。
00:49
This is when a social movement
can create lasting legal change.
can create lasting legal change.
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这是一个社会运动创造
持久法律变革的时候。
持久法律变革的时候。
但前提是我们要改变策略。
00:53
But only if we switch tactics.
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00:56
Instead of going institution
by institution, fighting for reform,
by institution, fighting for reform,
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不要再通过一个又一个机构
去争取变革，
去争取变革，
是时候诉诸于宪法了。
01:01
it's time to go to the Constitution.
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01:04
As it stands, the US Constitution
denies fundamental protections
denies fundamental protections
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就目前的情况看，美国宪法并没有对
性侵犯，亲密伴侣暴力和骚扰
01:08
to victims of gender violence
such as sexual assault,
such as sexual assault,
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等性别暴力行为的受害者
01:11
intimate partner violence
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01:13
and stalking.
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提供基本保护。
01:14
Specifically, the Fourteenth Amendment
of the Constitution,
of the Constitution,
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尤其是宪法第十四条修正案，
01:17
which prohibits state governments
from abusing its citizens,
from abusing its citizens,
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旨在禁止政府滥用权力，
01:22
does not require state
governments to intervene
governments to intervene
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不要求州政府干涉
01:24
when private parties abuse its citizens.
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在私人团体中发生的，
虐待其成员的行为。
虐待其成员的行为。
01:28
So what does that mean in real life?
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那么这在现实中意味着什么？
01:30
That means that when a woman
calls the police from her home,
calls the police from her home,
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这意味着当一个女性在家中报警，
01:33
afraid that an intruder may attack her,
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担忧入侵者将要攻击她时，
01:36
she is not entitled
to the state's protection.
to the state's protection.
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她没有资格得到国家保护。
01:40
Not only can the police fail to respond,
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不仅警方无法做出回应，
01:43
but she will be left
without any legal remedy
without any legal remedy
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甚至当可预防的伤害发生后，
01:45
if preventable harm occurs as a result.
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她也不受任何法律保护。
01:49
How can this be?
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为什么会这样？
01:50
It is because the state, theoretically,
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这是因为国家，在理论上
01:53
acts on behalf of
all citizens collectively,
all citizens collectively,
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代表全民的共同利益，
01:57
not any one citizen individually.
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而非针对每一个个体。
02:00
The resulting constitutional flaw
directly contradicts international law,
directly contradicts international law,
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由此产生的宪法缺陷
直接违背了国际法。
直接违背了国际法。
02:05
which requires nation-states to intervene
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国际法要求国家干预
02:07
and protect citizens against
gender violence by private parties
gender violence by private parties
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和保护公民免受
亲密伴侣的性别暴力，
亲密伴侣的性别暴力，
02:11
as a human right.
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这是一项人权。
02:13
Instead of requiring intervention,
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不干预也罢了，
02:15
our Constitution leaves discretion --
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我们的宪法还留下了
自由裁量权——
自由裁量权——
02:18
discretion that states have used
to discriminate systemically
to discriminate systemically
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使得州政府习惯了系统性歧视，
02:21
to deny countless victims any remedy.
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去否决无数受害者的任何补救措施。
02:25
Unlike what you may have seen
on "Law & Order: SVU,"
on "Law & Order: SVU,"
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跟你们在《法律与秩序：特殊受害者》
中看到的不一样，
中看到的不一样，
02:28
justice is rare for victims
of gender violence.
of gender violence.
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正义很少降临到
性别暴力受害者身上。
性别暴力受害者身上。
02:31
And even in those rare cases
where law enforcement has chosen to act,
where law enforcement has chosen to act,
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即便在极少数的案子中，
执法部门已经选择采取行动，
执法部门已经选择采取行动，
受害者在刑事诉讼过程中
也没有任何权利。
也没有任何权利。
02:36
victims have no rights
during the resulting criminal process.
during the resulting criminal process.
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02:40
You see, victims are not parties
in a criminal case.
in a criminal case.
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你看，受害者并不是
刑事案件的当事人。
刑事案件的当事人。
02:43
Rather, they are witnesses;
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相反，它们是证人，
02:45
their bodies, evidence.
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他们的身体，是证据。
02:48
The prosecution does not represent
the interests of a victim.
the interests of a victim.
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控方不代表受害人的利益，
02:52
Rather, the prosecution represents
the interests of the state.
the interests of the state.
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相反，控方代表着国家的利益。
02:56
And the state has the discretion
to dismiss criminal charges,
to dismiss criminal charges,
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国家有权撤销刑事指控，
02:59
enter lax plea deals
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进入宽松的认罪协议，
03:01
and otherwise remove
a victim's voice from the process,
a victim's voice from the process,
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还会从过程中
移除受害者的声音。
移除受害者的声音。
又是因为
03:04
because again,
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03:06
a state theoretically represents
the interests of all citizens collectively
the interests of all citizens collectively
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国家理论上代表全体公民的利益，
03:11
and not any one citizen individually.
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而非每一个个体公民的利益。
03:16
Despite this constitutional flaw,
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尽管存在这一宪法缺陷，
03:18
some victims of gender violence
have found protections
have found protections
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有部分性别暴力的受害者
在联邦民权法规中
在联邦民权法规中
03:20
under federal Civil Rights statutes,
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找到过保护措施，
03:22
such as Title IX.
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比如美国教育法
第九修正案（Title IX）。
第九修正案（Title IX）。
03:24
Title IX is not just about sports.
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第九修正案不仅是关于体育运动的，
03:26
Rather, it prohibits all forms
of sex discrimination,
of sex discrimination,
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它更是禁止了一切形式的性别歧视，
包括在接受联邦资助的
教育项目中的
教育项目中的
03:29
including sexual violence and harassment
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03:32
within educational programs
that accept federal funding.
that accept federal funding.
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性暴力和性骚扰。
03:36
While initially targeting
sex discrimination within admissions,
sex discrimination within admissions,
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最初这个法律的目标
是针对招生性别歧视，
是针对招生性别歧视，
03:39
Title IX has actually evolved over time
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但第九修正案慢慢演变成
03:42
to require educational institutions
to intervene and address gender violence
to intervene and address gender violence
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要求教育机构对特定群体的
性别暴力问题
性别暴力问题
03:46
when committed by certain parties,
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进行干预并解决，
03:48
such as when teachers, students
or campus visitors commit sexual assault
or campus visitors commit sexual assault
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比如老师，学生或
校园访客实施的性侵犯
校园访客实施的性侵犯
03:53
or harassment.
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或性骚扰。
03:55
So what this means
is that through Title IX,
is that through Title IX,
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所以这意味着通过第九修正案，
03:58
those who seek access to education
are protected against gender violence
are protected against gender violence
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那些正接受教育的人受到了
不受性别暴力侵害的保护，
不受性别暴力侵害的保护，
04:02
in a way that otherwise
does not exist under the law.
does not exist under the law.
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以一种除此之外
则不受法律管辖的方式。
则不受法律管辖的方式。
04:05
It is Title IX that requires
educational institutions
educational institutions
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第九修正案要求教育机构认真对待
04:09
to take reports
of gender violence seriously,
of gender violence seriously,
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性别暴力报告，
或者承担责任。
04:11
or to suffer liability.
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04:14
And through campus-level proceedings,
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通过校园层级的诉讼，
04:16
Title IX goes so far as to give
victims equitable rights
victims equitable rights
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第九修正案目前赋予了在校受害者
公平的权利，
04:19
during the campus process,
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这意味着受害者可以在诉讼过程中
代表他们自己的利益，
代表他们自己的利益，
04:21
which means that victims can represent
their own interests during proceedings,
their own interests during proceedings,
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而不需要依赖教育机构。
04:25
rather than relying on
educational institutions to do so.
educational institutions to do so.
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04:30
And that's really important,
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这真的非常重要。
04:31
because educational institutions have
historically swept gender violence
historically swept gender violence
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因为教育机构过去
掩盖性别暴力的历史
掩盖性别暴力的历史
劣迹斑斑，
04:35
under the rug,
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跟我们今天的刑事司法系统一样。
04:36
much like our criminal justice
system does today.
system does today.
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04:40
So while Civil Rights
protects some victims,
protects some victims,
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所以虽然公民权利
保护了一些受害者，
保护了一些受害者，
04:42
we should want to protect all victims.
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我们还应该去保护所有的受害者。
不要再通过一个又一个组织，
04:45
Rather than going
institution by institution,
institution by institution,
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在校园、在军队、
在工作场所争取改革。
在工作场所争取改革。
04:48
fighting for reform on campus,
in the military, in the workplace,
in the military, in the workplace,
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是时候诉诸于宪法，
04:51
it's time to go to the Constitution
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04:55
and pass the Equal Rights Amendment.
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通过平等权利修正案了。
04:57
Originally proposed in 1923,
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最初于1923年提出的
04:59
the Equal Rights Amendment would guarantee
gender equality under the law,
gender equality under the law,
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平等权利修正案，
将保证法律规定的性别平等。
将保证法律规定的性别平等。
05:04
and much like Title IX on campus,
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跟校园里的第九修正案类似，
05:06
that constitutional amendment could
require states to intervene
require states to intervene
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宪法修正案可要求各州进行干预，
05:09
and address gender violence
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解决性别暴力问题，
05:11
as a prohibitive form
of sex discrimination.
of sex discrimination.
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将其作为一种
禁止性别歧视的方式。
禁止性别歧视的方式。
05:14
While the Equal Rights Amendment
did not pass in the 1970s,
did not pass in the 1970s,
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在20世纪70年代，
平等权利修正案没有通过时，
平等权利修正案没有通过时，
05:18
it actually came within
three states of doing so.
three states of doing so.
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它实际在三个州内是有实行的。
05:21
And within the last year,
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在过去的一年里，
05:22
at least one of those states
has ratified the amendment,
has ratified the amendment,
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至少其中一个州
已经批准了该修正案，
已经批准了该修正案，
05:26
because we live
in different political times.
in different political times.
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因为我们生活在不同的政治时代。
05:29
From the Women's March
to the Me Too movement,
to the Me Too movement,
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从妇女游行到“我也是”运动，
我们有越来越多的政治意愿
05:31
we have the growing
political will of the people
political will of the people
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05:34
necessary to create lasting, legal change.
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去创造持久的法律变革。
05:37
So as a victims' rights attorney
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所以作为一名受害者权益律师，
为全国各地的幸存者
05:38
fighting to increase
the prospect of justice
the prospect of justice
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05:41
for survivors across the country
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争取正义的前景，
同时也作为一个幸存者，
05:43
and as a survivor myself,
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我在这里不是要说：“时间到了”。
05:46
I'm not here to say, "Time's Up."
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05:49
I'm here to say, "It's time."
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我想说的是：“是时候了”。
05:51
It's time for accountability
to become the norm after gender violence.
to become the norm after gender violence.
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性别暴力之后，现在是
把追究责任正常化的时候了。
把追究责任正常化的时候了。
是时候通过平等权利修正案了。
05:54
It's time to pass
the Equal Rights Amendment,
the Equal Rights Amendment,
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这样我们的法律体系就可以
成为一个公正的体系，
成为一个公正的体系，
05:58
so that our legal system
can become a system of justice,
can become a system of justice,
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06:01
and #MeToo can finally become "no more."
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而“我也是”最后就会变成“不再有”。
06:06
Thank you.
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谢谢。
06:07
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
Translated by jacks peng
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura L. Dunn - Victims' rights attorneyTED Fellow Laura L. Dunn advocates for survivors of campus sexual violence through effective legal assistance, policy advocacy, and institutional training.
Why you should listen
Laura L. Dunn, Esq., advances victims' rights through legislative and policy efforts, as well as direct representation of survivors in campus, criminal and civil systems. As a nationally-recognized victim-turned-victims’ rights attorney and social entrepreneur, her work has been featured by National Public Radio, PEOPLE Magazine, Forbes, the National Law Journal, the New York Times and many more .
While a law student, Dunn contributed to the 2011 and 2014 Title IX guidance issued by the US Department of Education. She also worked with Congress to pass the 2013 Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act and its federal regulations. For this advocacy, Vice President Joe Biden and Senate Judiciary Chairman Patrick Leahy have publicly recognized Dunn. Upon graduation from Maryland Law, she founded the survivor-led and DC-based legal organization, SurvJustice. It is still the only national nonprofit representing victims of campus sexual violence in hearings across the country and is currently the lead plaintiff in a pending federal lawsuit against the Trump administration over Title IX.
As an attorney, Dunn is now a published legal scholar, an adjunct law professor, a member of the American Bar Association's Commission on Domestic & Sexual Violence and its Criminal Justice Section's Task Force on College Due Process, a liaison to the American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code on Sexual Assault and its Student Sexual Misconduct Project, an accomplished litigator who helped win the first-ever recognition of a federal victim-advocate privilege in court and an expert legal consultant on various campus sexual assault lawsuits.
For her work, Dunn has received a 2015 Echoing Green Global Fellowship, the 2016 Benjamin Cardin Public Service Award, the 2017 Department of Justice’s Special Courage Award and a 2018 TED Fellowship, along with other honors and recognitions.
Laura L. Dunn | Speaker | TED.com