ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Toni Griffin - Place maker
Toni Griffin is an urban planner working to make cities more just and resilient.

Why you should listen

Toni Griffin is the Founding Director of the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City at the City College of New York. In addition to her academic involvement, Griffin maintains an active private practice based in New York. Prior to returning to private practice, Griffin created a centralized division of planning and urban design for the City of Newark, New Jersey, and before that, worked on waterfront and neighborhood revitalization in Washington, D.C.

Griffin recently served as director of the Detroit Works Project, and in 2012 completed and released Detroit Future City, a comprehensive citywide framework plan for urban transformation.

More profile about the speaker
Toni Griffin | Speaker | TED.com
TEDCity2.0

Toni Griffin: A new vision for rebuilding Detroit

托妮·格里芬: 重建底特律的新视角

Filmed:
882,307 views

底特律曾经是美国工业霸权的支柱,但它现在却已成为人们想象中的巨大废墟,濒临破产和崩溃。然而,城市规划师托妮·格里芬带领我们重新审视这座城市,并为其中的70万居民构建了创业之梦。
- Place maker
Toni Griffin is an urban planner working to make cities more just and resilient. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
By 2010, Detroit底特律 had become成为 the poster海报 child儿童
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在2010年,底特律已经成为
00:15
for an American美国 city in crisis危机.
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深陷危机的美国城市的代表。
00:17
There was a housing住房 collapse坍方,
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(它的)房地产业崩溃了,
00:19
an auto汽车 industry行业 collapse坍方,
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汽车工业垮了,
00:21
and the population人口 had plummeted暴跌 by 25 percent百分
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人口在2000年到2010年间
00:24
between之间 2000 and 2010,
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下降了25%,
00:26
and many许多 people were beginning开始 to write it off,
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许多人开始放弃这座城市,
00:28
as it had topped突破 the list名单 of American美国 shrinking萎缩 cities城市.
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因为它已经“荣升”美国萎缩城市的榜首。
00:32
By 2010, I had also been asked by
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在2010年,我承蒙克雷斯基基金会
00:34
the Kresge克雷斯吉 Foundation基础 and the city of Detroit底特律
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和底特律市政府的邀请
00:37
to join加入 them in leading领导 a citywide全市 planning规划 process处理
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来与他们一起领导一个城市规划项目,
00:40
for the city to create创建 a shared共享 vision视力 for its future未来.
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为这座城市创造一个成果共享的未来。
00:43
I come to this work
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我以建筑师和城市规划师的身份
00:45
as an architect建筑师 and an urban城市的 planner规划人员,
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参与这项工作,
00:47
and I've spent花费 my career事业 working加工
in other contested争议 cities城市,
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其实我也曾经服务于其他有争议的城市,
00:49
like Chicago芝加哥, my hometown家乡;
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如我的家乡芝加哥,
00:51
Harlem哈林, which哪一个 is my current当前 home;
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我现在的居住地哈莱姆,
00:53
Washington华盛顿, D.C.; and Newark纽瓦克, New Jersey新泽西.
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还有华盛顿以及新泽西洲的纽瓦克。
00:56
All of these cities城市, to me, still had a number
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于我而言,这些城市仍然有一系列
00:58
of unresolved未解决 issues问题 related有关 to urban城市的 justice正义,
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有待解决的问题,关乎都市正义、
01:01
issues问题 of equity公平, inclusion包容 and access访问.
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社会平等、包容性以及社会资源的获得。
01:06
Now by 2010, as well,
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同样也是在2010年,
01:08
popular流行 design设计 magazines杂志 were also beginning开始
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流行设计杂志开始
01:10
to take a closer接近 look at cities城市 like Detroit底特律,
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仔细地研究像底特律这样的城市,
01:12
and devoting费尽 whole整个 issues问题 to "fixing定影 the city."
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并用长达整期的篇幅来讨论“改造这座城”。
01:16
I was asked by a good friend朋友, Fred弗雷德 Bernstein伯恩斯坦,
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我的好友弗雷德 伯恩斯坦邀请我
01:18
to do an interview访问 for the October十月 issue问题
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参加《建筑师》10月刊的
01:20
of Architect建筑师 magazine杂志,
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访谈,
01:22
and he and I kind of had a good chuckle暗笑
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当我们看到出版杂志的标题:
01:24
when we saw the magazine杂志 released发布 with the title标题,
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“这位规划师能拯救底特律吗?"
01:27
"Can This Planner规划人员 Save保存 Detroit底特律?"
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我和他都咯咯地笑了。
01:30
So I'm smiling微笑 with a little bit
of embarrassment困窘 right now,
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我的笑容中略带尴尬,
01:33
because obviously明显, it's completely全然 absurd荒诞
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那是因为,很显然,
01:35
that a single person, let alone单独 a planner规划人员,
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仅凭一个人的力量,尤其是一个规划师的力量
01:37
could save保存 a city.
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就想拯救一座城市,这是荒唐可笑的。
01:39
But I'm also smiling微笑 because I thought it represented代表
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但同时, 我笑是因为我觉得这个标题蕴含了
01:41
a sense of hopefulness乐观 that our profession职业
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一丝希望,那就是我们的职业
01:44
could play a role角色 in helping帮助 the city to think about
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对帮助一个城市走出严重危机
01:47
how it would recover恢复 from its severe严重 crisis危机.
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有着重要的意义。
01:51
So I'd like to spend a little bit of time this afternoon下午
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因此,今天下午我想花一点时间
01:53
and tell you a little bit about our process处理
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来告诉大家我们的改造计划,
01:55
for fixing定影 the city, a little bit about Detroit底特律,
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也就是改进底特律的方法。
01:57
and I want to do that through通过
the voices声音 of DetroitersDetroiters.
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我想通过展现底特律居民的意见来做到这一点。
02:00
So we began开始 our process处理 in September九月 of 2010.
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我们的改造计划启动于2010年9月,
02:03
It's just after a special特别 mayoral市长 election选举,
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那时特别市长选举刚刚结束,
02:06
and word has gotten得到 out that there is going to be
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而且有消息传出,这座城市
02:08
this citywide全市 planning规划 process处理,
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即将接受改造。
02:10
which哪一个 brings带来 a lot of anxiety焦虑 and fears恐惧
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这让底特律居民
02:12
among其中 DetroitersDetroiters.
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感到焦虑和恐慌。
02:14
We had planned计划 to hold保持 a number
of community社区 meetings会议 in rooms客房 like this
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我们已经计划好要在这样的房间里召开一系列社区会议
02:18
to introduce介绍 the planning规划 process处理,
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向居民介绍改造计划。
02:21
and people came来了 out from all over the city,
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全城各地都有居民前来,
02:23
including包含 areas that were stable稳定 neighborhoods社区,
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不管是住在情况稳定的社区的
02:26
as well as areas that were beginning开始 to see
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还是住在已经看到
02:27
a lot of vacancy空缺.
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空置现象的社区。
02:29
And most of our audience听众 was representative代表
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当时,
02:31
of the 82 percent百分 African-American非裔美国人 population人口
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大部分的听众是
02:34
in the city at that time.
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那占城市人口82%的非裔居民的代表。
02:36
So obviously明显, we have a Q&A portion一部分 of our program程序,
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显然,我们的会议有一个提问环节,
02:40
and people line线 up to mics话筒 to ask questions问题.
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人们在麦克风前排起长队,准备提问。
02:43
Many许多 of them step very firmly牢牢 to the micMIC,
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许多人坚定地走到麦克风前,
02:45
put their hands across横过 their chest胸部, and go,
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双臂交叉在胸前,然后说:
02:48
"I know you people are trying to
move移动 me out of my house, right?"
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“我知道,你们想把我赶出自己的房子,对不对?”
02:52
So that question is really powerful强大,
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这个问题真的很尖锐,
02:54
and it was certainly当然 powerful强大 to us in the moment时刻,
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当时我们就这么觉得,
02:57
when you connect it to the stories故事
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尤其是在你把这个问题与
02:59
that some DetroitersDetroiters had,
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一些底特律居民,
03:01
and actually其实 a lot of African-Americans'非洲裔美国人'
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以及很多有类似经历的
03:03
families家庭 have had
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居住于像底特律那样的中西部城市的非裔家庭
03:04
that are living活的 in Midwestern中西部 cities城市 like Detroit底特律.
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联系起来。
03:08
Many许多 of them told us the stories故事 about
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他们中的很多人向我们诉说
03:10
how they came来了 to own拥有 their home
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他们是
03:12
through通过 their grandparents祖父母 or great-grandparents曾祖父母,
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从祖父母或曾祖父母那里继承房子的,
03:14
who were one of 1.6 million百万 people who migrated迁移
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他们的先辈就是那160万
03:17
from the rural乡村 South to the industrial产业 North,
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从南方乡村迁徙到北方工业区的移民之一,
03:20
as depicted描绘 in this painting绘画 by Jacob雅各 Lawrence劳伦斯,
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这些移民的形象被雅各布 劳伦斯
03:22
"The Great Migration移民."
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记录在油画《大迁徙》之中。
03:24
They came来了 to Detroit底特律 for a better way of life.
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移民来到底特律,期待着更美好的生活。
03:27
Many许多 found发现 work in the automobile汽车 industry行业,
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他们中的很多人服务于汽车工业,
03:29
the Ford Motor发动机 Company公司, as depicted描绘 in this mural壁画
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如,福特汽车公司;迪亚戈 里维拉在这幅壁画中
03:32
by Diego迭戈 Rivera里维拉 in the Detroit底特律 Institute研究所 of Art艺术.
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描绘这些故事。这幅壁画现藏于底特律美术学院。
03:36
The fruits水果 of their labors劳动力 would afford给予 them a home,
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他们的劳动成果给他们带来了一座房子,
03:39
for many许多 the first piece of property属性
that they would ever know,
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对于很多人而言,这是他们拥有的第一处房产。
03:42
and a community社区 with other first-time第一次
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同时他们拥有了自己的社区,里面住的
03:44
African-American非裔美国人 home buyers买家.
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都是首次置业的非裔美国人。
03:46
The first couple一对 of decades几十年 of their life in the North
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他们在北方的前数十年
03:48
is quite相当 well, up until直到 about 1950,
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都生活的很好,知道1950年左右,
03:51
which哪一个 coincides一致 with the city's城市的 peak population人口
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那时底特律的居住人口达到了峰值
03:54
at 1.8 million百万 people.
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180万人。
03:56
Now it's at this time that Detroit底特律 begins开始 to see
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也正是在这个时候底特律开始经历
03:59
a second第二 kind of migration移民,
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第二波迁移大潮,
04:01
a migration移民 to the suburbs郊区.
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人们搬迁到城市的郊区。
04:03
Between之间 1950 and 2000,
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在1950年到2000年之间,
04:06
the region地区 grows成长 by 30 percent百分.
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底特律的城市面积拓展了30%。
04:09
But this time, the migration移民 leaves树叶
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但这一次,迁移大潮
04:11
African-Americans非洲裔美国人 in place地点,
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把非裔居民抛在身后。
04:13
as families家庭 and businesses企业 flee逃跑 the city,
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随着家庭和企业离开底特律,
04:16
leaving离开 the city pretty漂亮 desolate荒凉 of people
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城中变得人口稀少,
04:18
as well as jobs工作.
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就业机会紧缺。
04:20
During that same相同 period, between之间
1950 and 2000, 2010,
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也就是在1950年到2000-2010年,
04:25
the city loses失去 60 percent百分 of its population人口,
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(底特律的)城市人口下降了60%,
04:28
and today今天 it hovers悬停 at above以上 700,000.
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现在其人口大概是70万人。
04:31
The audience听众 members会员 who come
and talk to us that night
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当晚,出席会议并与我们交谈的听众
04:34
tell us the stories故事 of what it's like to live生活 in a city
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跟我们讲述了生活在一个人口
04:37
with such这样 depleted耗尽 population人口.
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如此稀少的城市的感受。
04:39
Many许多 tell us that they're one of only a few少数 homes家园
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很多人说,他们的房子是街区中为数不多的
04:42
on their block that are occupied占据,
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有人居住的房子,
04:44
and that they can see several一些 abandoned homes家园
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坐在自家的门廊里
04:47
from where they sit on their porches门廊.
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就可以看见数座被遗弃的房子。
04:49
Citywide全市, there are 80,000 vacant空的 homes家园.
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在 整座城市中,有8万座空置的房子,
04:54
They can also see vacant空的 property属性.
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也有空置的不动产。
04:57
They're beginning开始 to see illegal非法 activities活动
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居民开始看到有人在这些建筑里
04:58
on these properties性能, like illegal非法 dumping倾销,
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从事非法活动,如非法倾卸。
05:01
and they know that because the city
has lost丢失 so much population人口,
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居民们还意识到,由于城市人口锐减,
05:05
their costs成本 for water, electricity电力, gas加油站 are rising升起,
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水费、电费、油气费都在上涨,
05:10
because there are not enough足够 people
to pay工资 property属性 taxes
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因为支付财产税的人变少了,
05:13
to help support支持 the services服务 that they need.
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税金不足以维持这些服务的运营。
05:16
Citywide全市, there are about 100,000 vacant空的 parcels包裹.
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在底特律,还有大概1000块闲置土地。
05:21
Now, to quickly很快 give you all a sense of a scale规模,
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大家或许对这种规模没有概念,
05:23
because I know that sounds声音 like a big number,
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因为我知道,这听起来是一个巨大的数字,
05:24
but I don't think you quite相当 understand理解
until直到 you look at the city map地图.
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但大家只有看了城市地图才能真正明白它的含义。
05:26
So the city is 139 square广场 miles英里.
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底特律的城市面积为139平方英里。
05:29
You can fit适合 Boston波士顿, San Francisco弗朗西斯科,
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你可以把 波士顿、三藩市
05:31
and the island of Manhattan曼哈顿
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以及曼哈顿岛
05:33
within its footprint脚印.
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拼入底特律的地域之中。
05:34
So if we take all of that vacant空的
and abandoned property属性
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如果我们抽出所有空置的和被遗弃的房产
05:37
and we smush斯马什 it together一起,
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并把他们拼在一起,
05:39
it looks容貌 like about 20 square广场 miles英里,
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它们的面积大约有20平方英里,
05:41
and that's roughly大致 equivalent当量 to the size尺寸
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几乎等同于我们现在所在的
05:43
of the island we're sitting坐在 on today今天, Manhattan曼哈顿,
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曼哈顿岛的面积,
05:45
at 22 square广场 miles英里.
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曼哈顿岛的面积是22平方英里。
05:46
So it's a lot of vacancy空缺.
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空置率实在是太高了。
05:50
Now some of our audience听众 members会员
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某些听众
05:52
also tell us about some of the positive things
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也会给我们讲一些他们
05:54
that are happening事件 in their communities社区,
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社区中的好消息:
05:56
and many许多 of them are banding带状 together一起
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社区中的居民团结起来
05:58
to take control控制 of some of the vacant空的 lots,
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管理空置的土地。
06:00
and they're starting开始 community社区 gardens花园,
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他们开辟了社区花园,
06:01
which哪一个 are creating创建 a great sense
of community社区 stewardship管家,
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这为他们创造了一种强大的社区服务精神。
06:04
but they're very, very clear明确 to tell us
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但他们仍然很明确地告诉我们,
06:06
that this is not enough足够,
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这仍不令人满意,
06:08
that they want to see their neighborhoods社区
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他们希望自己的社区
06:09
return返回 to the way that their
grandparents祖父母 had found发现 them.
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能够像先辈建城时那样繁荣。
06:13
Now there's been a lot of speculation推测 since以来 2010
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自2010年起,人们就有很多关于
06:15
about what to do with the vacant空的 property属性,
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如何处理空置房产的猜测。
06:18
and a lot of that speculation推测 has
been around community社区 gardening园艺,
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很多人认为它们会被建设为社区花园,
06:21
or what we call urban城市的 agriculture农业.
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或者是所谓的城市农业。
06:23
So many许多 people would say to us,
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很多人对我们说:
06:24
"What if you just take all that vacant空的 land土地
and you could make it farmland农田?
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“把空地变为农业用地,这个主意如何?
06:27
It can provide提供 fresh新鲜 foods食品,
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它既可以提供新鲜食物,
06:29
and it can put DetroitersDetroiters back to work too."
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也可以给居民提供工作机会。”
06:32
When I hear that story故事,
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当我听到这种说法时,
06:33
I always imagine想像 the folks乡亲 from the Great Migration移民
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我总想象着大迁徙中的先民
06:36
rolling压延 over in their graves坟墓,
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会在坟墓中辗转反侧,
06:38
because you can imagine想像 that they didn't sacrifice牺牲
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可以想象到,他们背井离乡,
06:42
moving移动 from the South to the North
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从南方迁徙到北方,
06:44
to create创建 a better life for their families家庭,
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是为了给家庭带来更好地生活,
06:46
only to see their great-grandchildren曾孙
return返回 to an agrarian农业 lifestyle生活方式,
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而不是要他们的曾孙辈又回到田园牧歌的生活之中;
06:50
especially特别 in a city where they came来了
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特别是,他们来到这座城市的时候,
06:52
with little less than a high school学校 education教育
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很多人并没有受过高中教育,
06:54
or even a grammar语法 school学校 education教育
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有的甚至没有上过初中,
06:56
and were able能够 to afford给予 the basic基本 elements分子
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2025
但他们仍然能拥有
06:58
of the American美国 dream梦想:
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美国梦的基本元素:
07:00
steady稳定 work and a home that they owned拥有的.
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稳定的工作,以及自有的房产。
07:04
Now, there's a third第三 wave of migration移民
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如今,底特律又出现了
07:06
happening事件 in Detroit底特律:
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第三波迁移大潮:
07:07
a new ascendant上升的 of cultural文化 entrepreneurs企业家.
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文化企业不断进驻。
07:11
These folks乡亲 see that same相同 vacant空的 land土地
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企业家们把同样的空置地块
07:13
and those same相同 abandoned homes家园
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和被遗弃的房屋
07:14
as opportunity机会 for new,
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看做获取新的
07:16
entrepreneurial创业 ideas思路 and profit利润,
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创意和利润的机遇;
07:19
so much so that former前任的 models楷模
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他们可以像旧有的模式那样,
07:21
can move移动 to Detroit底特律,
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迁入底特律,
07:22
buy购买 property属性, start开始 successful成功
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购置房产,建立成功的
07:24
businesses企业 and restaurants餐馆,
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企业和饭店,
07:26
and become成为 successful成功 community社区
activists活动家 in their neighborhood邻里,
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并在自己社区中成为成功的社区活动家,
07:29
bringing使 about very positive change更改.
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带来积极的变化。
07:32
Similarly同样, we have small manufacturing制造业 companies公司
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同样的,一些小型的制造企业
07:35
making制造 conscious意识 decisions决定 to relocate搬迁 to the city.
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也正在认真考虑进驻底特律。
07:38
This company公司, ShinolaShinola, which哪一个 is a luxury豪华 watch
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Shinola是一家高档手表
07:41
and bicycle自行车 company公司,
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与自行车制造商,
07:43
deliberately故意 chose选择 to relocate搬迁 to Detroit底特律,
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它特意选址底特律,
07:45
and they quote引用 themselves他们自己 by saying
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理由是
07:47
they were drawn to the global全球 brand
of Detroit's底特律 innovation革新.
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他们被底特律闻名全球的创新能力所吸引。
07:51
And they also knew知道 that
they can tap龙头 into a workforce劳动力
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他们也知道,他们可以充分利用
07:54
that was still very skilled技能的 in how to make things.
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一批仍然精于工业制造的劳动者。
07:57
Now we have community社区 stewardship管家
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现在,我们看到社区服务精神
08:00
happening事件 in neighborhoods社区,
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在社区中萌芽发展,
08:02
we have cultural文化 entrepreneurs企业家 making制造 decisions决定
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文化企业决定
08:04
to move移动 to the city and create创建 enterprises企业,
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迁入底特律,创建新公司,
08:07
and we have businesses企业 relocating搬迁,
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并且,制造业也准备迁入,
08:09
and this is all in the context上下文
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但这一切都发生在一个
08:11
of what is no secret秘密 to us all,
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我们都熟知的大环境之中:
08:13
a city that's under the control控制
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一位紧急状况下的负责人
08:15
of an emergency manager经理,
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正在管理底特律,
08:16
and just this July七月 filed提交 for Chapter章节 9 bankruptcy破产.
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而就在这个7月,他根据联邦破产法第9章提出了破产申请。
08:21
So 2010, we started开始 this process处理, and by 2013,
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我们在2010年就启动了这个项目;到2013年,
08:24
we released发布 Detroit底特律 Future未来 City,
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我们推出了“未来底特律”项目,
08:26
which哪一个 was our strategic战略 plan计划 to guide指南 the city
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这是我们的一个战略计划,以引导这座城市
08:29
into a better and more prosperous繁荣
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走上更好、更繁荣、
08:31
and more sustainable可持续发展 existence存在 --
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更可持续的发展道路——
08:33
not what it was, but what it could be,
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这不是它过去的模式,而是它可以利用的模式;
08:36
looking at new ways方法 of economic经济 growth发展,
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我们审视了新的经济增长方式,
08:40
new forms形式 of land土地 use,
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1981
新的土地利用模式,
08:42
more sustainable可持续发展 and denser更密集 neighborhoods社区,
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更加稳定而稠密的社区,
08:45
a reconfigured重新配置 infrastructure基础设施
and city service服务 system系统,
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重新配置的基础设施和城市服务系统,
08:48
and a heightened提高 capacity容量 for civic公民 leaders领导者
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以及更大的空间让民间领袖
08:51
to take action行动 and implement实行 change更改.
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采取行动,实施变革。
08:54
Three key imperatives当务之急 were really important重要
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对于我们的工作而言,有三个情况
08:57
to our work.
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是迫在眉睫的。
08:58
One was that the city itself本身
wasn't necessarily一定 too large,
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3878
第一,这座城市其实不算很大,
09:02
but the economy经济 was too small.
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但它的经济规模却是太小了。
09:04
There are only 27 jobs工作 per 100 people in Detroit底特律,
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在底特律,每一百人只有27个就业机会,
09:07
very different不同 from a Denver丹佛
or an Atlanta亚特兰大 or a Philadelphia费城
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3398
这与丹佛、亚特兰大、费城的情况大不相同,
09:11
that are anywhere随地 between之间
35 to 70 jobs工作 per 100 people.
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它们每一百人就有35到70个就业机会。
09:15
Secondly其次, there had to be an acceptance验收
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第二,人们要接受一个事实,
09:18
that we were not going to be able能够 to use
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我们不会用以往的方式
09:20
all of this vacant空的 land土地 in the way that we had before
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来利用所有的闲置地块,
09:23
and maybe for some time to come.
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2009
即使在将来也不会。
09:25
It wasn't going to be our traditional传统
residential住宅 neighborhoods社区
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我们习以为常的传统居住区
09:27
as we had before,
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不会出现,
09:29
and urban城市的 agriculture农业, while a very productive生产的
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而且,尽管城市农业产出丰厚
09:32
and successful成功 intervention介入 happening事件 in Detroit底特律,
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且成功干预了底特律的危机,
09:34
was not the only answer回答,
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它也不会是唯一的出路。
09:36
that what we had to do is look at these areas
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我们要做的是,关注那些
09:39
where we had significant重大 vacancy空缺
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空置率很高
09:41
but still had a significant重大 number of population人口
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但仍有大量人口的区域,
09:44
of what could be new, productive生产的, innovative创新,
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那些居民年轻,有干劲,有创意,
09:47
and entrepreneurial创业 uses使用
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可以为企业所利用;
09:48
that could stabilize稳定 those communities社区,
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1955
这样,他们使仍有
09:50
where still nearly几乎 300,000 residents居民 lived生活.
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3368
将近30万人的社区更稳定。
09:54
So we came来了 up with one neighborhood邻里 typology类型学 --
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因此,我们提出了一种新的社区构想——
09:56
there are several一些 --
called a live-make真人化妆 neighborhood邻里,
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其实我们设计了几种模式——被称为生活工作相结合的社区。
09:59
where folks乡亲 could reappropriate重新解释
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1959
在那里,居民可以重新利用
10:01
abandoned structures结构
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废弃建筑,
10:03
and turn them into entrepreneurial创业 enterprises企业,
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并把它们改造为企业基地,
10:05
with a specific具体 emphasis重点 on looking at the, again,
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同时也可以再次着重强调
10:09
majority多数 82 percent百分 African-American非裔美国人 population人口.
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3185
占82%的非洲裔居民。
10:12
So they, too, could take businesses企业
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2101
因此,他们也可以把
10:14
that they maybe were doing out of their home
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他们以前在居住区外建立的企业带入居住区,
10:16
and grow增长 them to more prosperous繁荣 industries行业
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2711
并把它们发展为更加繁荣的产业。
10:19
and actually其实 acquire获得 property属性 so they were actually其实
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同时他们也可以购置房产,使得他们同时成为
10:22
property属性 owners拥有者 as well as business商业 owners拥有者
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自己所住社区中的
10:24
in the communities社区 with which哪一个 they resided居住.
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房产所有者以及企业所有者。
10:27
Then we also wanted to look at other ways方法
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我们也在考虑
10:29
of using运用 land土地 in addition加成 to growing生长 food餐饮
245
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3334
除了种植作物以外的土地利用方式,
10:32
and transforming转型 landscape景观 into
246
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1824
希望把土地规划得
10:34
much more productive生产的 uses使用,
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1860
更具生产效率。
10:36
so that it could be used for storm风暴
water management管理, for example,
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比方说,一些地块可通过建造人工湖和蓄水池
10:39
by using运用 surface表面 lakes湖泊 and retention保留 ponds池塘,
249
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来建立雨水管理系统;
10:42
that created创建 neighborhood邻里 amenities设施,
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可以设立社区便利设施、
10:44
places地方 of recreation娱乐,
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娱乐设施,
10:45
and actually其实 helped帮助 to elevate提升
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切实地提高
10:47
adjacent property属性 levels水平.
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附近居民的生活水平。
10:49
Or we could use it as research研究 plots地块,
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或者,我们可以设立研究中心
10:51
where we can use it to remediate修复 contaminated污染 soils土壤,
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来治理土壤污染,
10:54
or we could use it to generate生成 energy能源.
256
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3966
又或者建立发电厂。
10:58
So the descendants后人 of the Great Migration移民
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因此,“大迁徙”先民的后代
11:01
could either become成为 precision精确
watchmakers制表大师 at ShinolaShinola,
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3244
既可以变成Shinola的精确制表工匠,
11:05
like Willie威利 H., who was featured精选
in one of their ads广告 last year,
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653055
3311
就像去年Shinola广告中的威利先生那样;
11:08
or they can actually其实 grow增长 a business商业
260
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2392
也可以自己建立
11:10
that would service服务 companies公司 like ShinolaShinola.
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2725
可以给Shinola这样的公司提供服务的企业。
11:13
The good news新闻 is, there is a future未来
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2002
好消息是:下一代的底特律人
11:15
for the next下一个 generation of DetroitersDetroiters,
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依然有着光明的前途,
11:18
both those there now and those that want to come.
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不管已经身在底特律的还是想来底特律的都是这样。
11:21
So no thank you, Mayor市长 Menino梅尼诺,
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所以,梅尼诺市长,你的好意我心领了;
11:23
who recently最近 was quoted as saying,
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他曾说:
11:24
"I'd blow打击 up the place地点 and start开始 over."
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2615
”我要先把底特律夷为平地再重新开始。“
11:27
There are very important重要 people,
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2351
底特律仍有着十分重要的人群、
11:29
business商业 and land土地 assets资产 in Detroit底特律,
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产业以及土地,
11:32
and there are real真实 opportunities机会 there.
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而且还有实实在在的机遇。
11:34
So while Detroit底特律 might威力 not be what it was,
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虽然底特律不会恢复它过去的模样,
11:36
Detroit底特律 will not die.
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但它也不会消亡。
11:38
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:40
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Christine Chang
Reviewed by Xuwen Zhu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Toni Griffin - Place maker
Toni Griffin is an urban planner working to make cities more just and resilient.

Why you should listen

Toni Griffin is the Founding Director of the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City at the City College of New York. In addition to her academic involvement, Griffin maintains an active private practice based in New York. Prior to returning to private practice, Griffin created a centralized division of planning and urban design for the City of Newark, New Jersey, and before that, worked on waterfront and neighborhood revitalization in Washington, D.C.

Griffin recently served as director of the Detroit Works Project, and in 2012 completed and released Detroit Future City, a comprehensive citywide framework plan for urban transformation.

More profile about the speaker
Toni Griffin | Speaker | TED.com