ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Pacholke - Prison administrator and reformer
Dan Pacholke aims to keep the Washington State Department of Corrections on the front edge of innovation by rethinking the design of prisons, the training of officers and the education opportunities made available to inmates.

Why you should listen

Dan Pacholke has spent more than three decades working in prisons, first as a corrections office and later as an administrator. Now the Deputy Secretary of Operations for the Washington State Department of Corrections, he says, “I don’t see my job as to punish or forgive [inmates], but I do think they can have decent and meaningful lives in prison.”

Pacholke has dedicated his career to changing the way we think about corrections. Over the years, he has helped usher in programs designed to prevent fires before they start rather than fight them after they’ve flared up. Pacholke has been part of initiatives to redesign prison facilities to maximize interaction between the staff and inmates, to give corrections officers training in verbal de-escalation as well as physical response, and to give inmates opportunities to learn new things while they are in the system. As the co-director of the Sustainability in Prisons Project, Pacholke brought recycling, composting, horticulture and even bee-keeping programs into prisons—to give inmates meaningful work, but also to cut costs and make prisons more sustainable. 

More profile about the speaker
Dan Pacholke | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxMonroeCorrectionalComplex

Dan Pacholke: How prisons can help inmates live meaningful lives

丹·帕卓奇: 监狱能如何帮助犯人过有意义的生活

Filmed:
897,964 views

在美国,管理监狱的机构通常被称为“惩教署”。然而,他们的焦点是在容纳和控制犯人。丹·帕卓奇,华盛顿州惩教署副秘书长,分享一个不同的观点:监狱在提供人道主义生活条件的同时,也应该提供有意义的工作和学习机会。
- Prison administrator and reformer
Dan Pacholke aims to keep the Washington State Department of Corrections on the front edge of innovation by rethinking the design of prisons, the training of officers and the education opportunities made available to inmates. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
We're seen看到 as the organization组织 that is
the bucket for failed失败 social社会 policy政策.
0
792
3693
我们被看作为那种失败的社会政策
善后的机构。
00:16
I can't define确定 who comes to us or how long they stay.
1
4485
3282
我不能规定谁来我们这里
或者他们停留多久。
00:19
We get the people for whom
nothing else其他 has worked工作,
2
7767
2136
我们接收那些任何方式对他们来说
都不管用的人,
00:21
people who have fallen堕落 through通过 all
3
9903
1438
那些其他社会安全保障体系的
00:23
of the other social社会 safety安全 nets.
4
11341
1913
漏网之鱼。
00:25
They can't contain包含 them, so we must必须.
5
13254
2333
社会不能容纳他们,
所以我们必须这样做。
00:27
That's our job工作:
6
15587
1443
那就是我们的工作:
00:29
contain包含 them, control控制 them.
7
17030
3107
容纳他们,控制他们。
00:32
Over the years年份, as a prison监狱 system系统,
8
20137
2457
多年以来,作为一个监狱系统,
00:34
as a nation国家, and as a society社会,
9
22594
1821
作为一个国家,以及作为一个社会,
00:36
we've我们已经 become成为 very good at that,
10
24415
1475
我们已经变得非常善于做那件事,
00:37
but that shouldn't不能 make you happy快乐.
11
25890
2120
但是那不应该使你高兴。
00:40
Today今天 we incarcerate监禁 more people per capita人头
12
28010
1700
现在我们监狱人口占人口比例
00:41
than any other country国家 in the world世界.
13
29710
2137
比世界上任何一个国家都要高
00:43
We have more black黑色 men男人 in prison监狱 today今天
14
31847
1913
我们今日在监狱里的黑人
00:45
than were under slavery奴隶制度 in 1850.
15
33760
2561
比1850年奴隶制实行的时候还要多
00:48
We house the parents父母 of almost几乎 three million百万
16
36321
1760
我们监禁接近三百万
00:50
of our community's社区 children孩子,
17
38081
1724
社区儿童的父母
00:51
and we've我们已经 become成为 the new asylum避难所,
18
39805
2020
我们已经成为新型的收容所,
00:53
the largest最大 mental心理 health健康 provider提供商 in this nation国家.
19
41825
3037
全国最大的精神健康服务提供者。
00:56
When we lock someone有人 up,
20
44862
1471
当我们拘禁某一个人,
00:58
that is no small thing.
21
46333
1631
那不是一件小事情。
00:59
And yet然而, we are called the
Department of Corrections更正.
22
47964
3158
可是,我们被称为惩教署。
01:03
Today今天 I want to talk about
23
51122
1388
今天我想谈谈关于
01:04
changing改变 the way we think about corrections更正.
24
52510
2095
改变我们看待惩教的方式。
01:06
I believe, and my experience经验 tells告诉 me,
25
54605
2059
我相信,以及我的经验告诉我,
01:08
that when we change更改 the way we think,
26
56664
1709
当我们改变思考问题的方式,
01:10
we create创建 new possibilities可能性, or futures期货,
27
58373
2834
我们就能创造新的可能性,
或者未来,
01:13
and prisons监狱 need a different不同 future未来.
28
61207
2626
而监狱需要一个不同的未来。
01:15
I've spent花费 my entire整个 career事业
in corrections更正, over 30 years年份.
29
63833
3472
我花费了我整个的职业生涯在惩教上,
超过了30年。
01:19
I followed其次 my dad into this field领域.
30
67305
1480
我跟随我父亲进入这个领域。
01:20
He was a Vietnam越南 veteran老将. Corrections更正 suited合适的 him.
31
68785
3145
他是一个越战老兵。惩教适合他。
01:23
He was strong强大, steady稳定, disciplined纪律.
32
71930
3010
他强壮,沉着,遵守纪律。
01:26
I was not so much any of those things,
33
74940
1440
我并没有太多那些特质,
01:28
and I'm sure that worried担心 him about me.
34
76380
2399
我敢肯定那使他担心我。
01:30
Eventually终于 I decided决定, if I was
going to end结束 up in prison监狱,
35
78779
2843
最终我决定,如果有一天我会终老在狱中,
01:33
I'd better end结束 up on the right side of the bars酒吧,
36
81622
1321
我最好终老在栏杆正确的那一边,
01:34
so I thought I'd check it out,
37
82943
1707
所以我想我应该去看看,
01:36
take a tour游览 of the place地点 my dad worked工作,
38
84650
2270
到我父亲工作的地方游览一下,
01:38
the McNeil麦克尼尔 Island Penitentiary教养所.
39
86920
2181
麦克尼尔岛监狱。
01:41
Now this was the early '80s,
40
89101
1710
这是早期的80年代,
01:42
and prisons监狱 weren't quite相当 what you see
41
90811
1527
监狱还不太是你们
01:44
on TV电视 or in the movies电影.
42
92338
1982
在电视上或者电影里看到的样子
01:46
In many许多 ways方法, it was worse更差.
43
94320
2520
在许多方面,它更糟糕。
01:48
I walked into a cell细胞 house that was five tiers层级 high.
44
96840
2614
我走进一个五层高的牢房里。
01:51
There were eight men男人 to a cell细胞.
45
99454
1625
在一个牢房里有八个人。
01:53
there were 550 men男人 in that living活的 unit单元.
46
101079
2348
一个生活单元里有550人。
01:55
And just in case案件 you wondered想知道,
47
103427
1883
以防你不知道,
01:57
they shared共享 one toilet厕所 in those small confines界限.
48
105310
3066
他们在那些小隔间里共用一个厕所。
02:00
An officer put a key in a lockbox密码箱,
49
108376
1503
一个警官把一条钥匙插进密码箱里,
02:01
and hundreds数以百计 of men男人 streamed out of their cells细胞.
50
109879
2542
数以百计的人从他们的牢房里涌了出来。
02:04
Hundreds数以百计 of men男人 streamed out of their cells细胞.
51
112421
1979
数以百计的人从他们的牢房里涌了出来。
02:06
I walked away as fast快速 as I could.
52
114400
2363
我以最快的速度离开了。
02:08
Eventually终于 I went back and
I started开始 as an officer there.
53
116763
2598
最终我回去了,
我在那里成为了一个狱警。
02:11
My job工作 was to run one of those cell细胞 blocks
54
119361
1797
我的工作是管理其中一个牢房区
02:13
and to control控制 those hundreds数以百计 of men男人.
55
121158
3161
以及控制那里数以百计的犯人。
02:16
When I went to work at our receptions招待会 center中央,
56
124319
1845
当我去我们接待中心工作的时候,
02:18
I could actually其实 hear the inmates囚犯
roiling横摇 from the parking停車處 lot,
57
126164
2726
我能真的听见犯人从床上滚下,
02:20
shaking发抖 cell细胞 doors, yelling大呼小叫,
58
128890
2494
摇晃牢房的门,叫喊,
02:23
tearing撕裂 up their cells细胞.
59
131384
1674
毁坏他们的牢房。
02:25
Take hundreds数以百计 of volatile挥发物 people and lock them up,
60
133058
2364
把许许多多不稳定的人关起来,
02:27
and what you get is chaos混沌.
61
135422
1764
你得到的只有混乱。
02:29
Contain包含 and control控制 — that was our job工作.
62
137186
2773
容纳和控制——那是我们的工作。
02:31
One way we learned学到了 to do this more effectively有效
63
139959
2321
我们学习到更有效的一种方式
02:34
was a new type类型 of housing住房 unit单元
64
142280
1210
是一个新型的居住单元
02:35
called the Intensive集约 Management管理 Unit单元, IMUIMU,
65
143490
2703
叫集约化管理单元,IMU,
02:38
a modern现代 version of a "hole."
66
146193
1823
一个现代版的“洞穴”。
02:40
We put inmates囚犯 in cells细胞 behind背后 solid固体 steel doors
67
148016
2522
我们把犯人放进用实心钢门封住的牢房
02:42
with cuff袖口 ports港口 so we could restrain抑制 them
68
150538
2281
戴上手铐,以便于我们能限制他们
02:44
and feed饲料 them.
69
152819
1341
还有给他们食物。
02:46
Guess猜测 what?
70
154160
2337
猜猜怎么样?
02:48
It got quieter安静.
71
156497
1494
变得更安静了。
02:49
Disturbances扰动 died死亡 down in the general一般 population人口.
72
157991
2497
骚乱在普通人群中逐渐消失。
02:52
Places地方 became成为 safer更安全
73
160488
1351
地方变得更加安全
02:53
because those inmates囚犯 who
were most violent暴力 or disruptive破坏性
74
161839
2600
因为那些最暴力
最具破坏力的犯人
02:56
could now be isolated孤立.
75
164439
1425
现在能被隔离起来了。
02:57
But isolation隔离 isn't good.
76
165864
1731
但是隔离并不好。
02:59
Deprive剥夺 people of social社会
contact联系 and they deteriorate恶化.
77
167595
2829
剥夺犯人的社交联系,
他们变得更恶劣了。
03:02
It was hard getting得到 them out of IMUIMU,
78
170424
1935
把他们从IMU弄出来是很困难的,
03:04
for them and for us.
79
172359
2553
无论是对他们还是对我们来说。
03:06
Even in prison监狱, it's no small thing
80
174912
2469
即使在监狱,把某一个人关起来
03:09
to lock someone有人 up.
81
177381
1986
决不是一件小事情。
03:11
My next下一个 assignment分配 was to one
of the state's状态 deep-end困境 prisons监狱
82
179367
2554
我的下一个任务在州里其中一个
03:13
where some of our more violent暴力
or disruptive破坏性 inmates囚犯 are housed安置.
83
181921
2935
关押更暴力或者更具破坏性的囚犯的监狱。
03:16
By then, the industry行业 had advanced高级 a lot,
84
184856
1844
到那时候为止,
行业已经进步了许多,
03:18
and we had different不同 tools工具 and techniques技术
85
186700
2058
而我们拥有了不同的工具和技术
03:20
to manage管理 disruptive破坏性 behavior行为.
86
188758
2037
去管理破坏性行为。
03:22
We had beanbag懒人沙发 guns枪炮 and pepper胡椒 spray喷雾
87
190795
2225
我们有了豆袋枪和胡椒喷雾
03:25
and plexiglass有机玻璃 shields盾牌,
88
193020
1890
还有防爆盾,
03:26
flash bangs前刘海, emergency response响应 teams球队.
89
194910
2435
闪光弹,应急反应小组。
03:29
We met会见 violence暴力 with force
90
197345
1864
我们用暴力来对付暴力
03:31
and chaos混沌 with chaos混沌.
91
199209
1461
用混乱面对混乱。
03:32
We were pretty漂亮 good at putting out fires火灾.
92
200670
2527
我们很擅长解决问题。
03:35
While I was there, I met会见 two
experienced有经验的 correctional惩教 workers工人
93
203197
3301
在那里工作的时候,
我遇到了两个经验丰富的管教人员
03:38
who were also researchers研究人员,
94
206498
1536
并且他们都是研究员,
03:40
an anthropologist人类学家 and a sociologist社会学家.
95
208034
3191
一位是人类学家还有一位社会学家。
03:43
One day, one of them commented评论 to me and said,
96
211225
1550
一天,他们其中一人对我说,
03:44
"You know, you're pretty漂亮 good at putting out fires火灾.
97
212775
2038
“你知道,你很擅长平息战火,
03:46
Have you ever thought about how to prevent避免 them?"
98
214813
3834
你又没有想过如何预防它们呢?”
03:50
I was patient患者 with them,
99
218647
1977
我对他们很耐心,
03:52
explaining说明 our brute畜生 force approach途径
100
220624
1309
解释我们的暴力法,
03:53
to making制造 prisons监狱 safer更安全.
101
221933
1857
那是为了把监狱变得更安全。
03:55
They were patient患者 with me.
102
223790
1534
他们对我很耐心。
03:57
Out of those conversations对话 grew成长 some new ideas思路
103
225324
2177
从那些对话中我得到了一些新的想法
03:59
and we started开始 some small experiments实验.
104
227501
1896
并且我们开始了一些小型的实验。
04:01
First, we started开始 training训练 our officers长官 in teams球队
105
229397
2401
首先,我们从培训几组狱警开始
04:03
rather than sending发出 them one or two
at a time to the state training训练 academy学院.
106
231798
3242
而不是一次送一个或者两个狱警
到州立培训学院。
04:07
Instead代替 of four weeks of training训练, we gave them 10.
107
235040
2310
我们提供给他们10周的培训,
而不是原本的4周。
04:09
Then we experimented试验 with an apprenticeship学徒 model模型
108
237350
2277
然后我们尝试了一种学徒制模式
04:11
where we paired配对 new staff员工 with veteran老将 staff员工.
109
239627
3573
我们将新的员工跟经验丰富的老手配对。
04:15
They both got better at the work.
110
243200
2513
他们俩在工作上都变得更好了。
04:17
Second第二, we added添加 verbal口头 de-escalation降级 skills技能
111
245713
2610
第二,我们增加了口头降级技巧
04:20
into the training训练 continuum连续
112
248323
1890
到连续不断的训练中
04:22
and made制作 it part部分 of the use of force continuum连续.
113
250213
2737
以及令它成为武力使用等级的一部分。
04:24
It was the non-force非力 use of force.
114
252950
2484
它是暴力的非暴力形式的应用。
04:27
And then we did something even more radical激进.
115
255434
1602
然后我们做了一些更加激进的事情。
04:29
We trained熟练 the inmates囚犯 on those same相同 skills技能.
116
257036
2310
我们训练犯人那些相同的技巧。
04:31
We changed the skill技能 set,
117
259346
2296
我们改变了技巧,
04:33
reducing减少 violence暴力, not just responding响应 to it.
118
261642
3171
减少了暴力,而不仅仅是回应它。
04:36
Third第三, when we expanded扩大 our facility设施,
we tried试着 a new type类型 of design设计.
119
264813
3234
第三,当我们扩建设施的时候,
尝试了一个新型的设计。
04:40
Now the biggest最大 and most controversial争论的 component零件
120
268047
2705
现在,设计中最大以及最受到争议的部分
04:42
of this design设计, of course课程, was the toilet厕所.
121
270752
3677
当然是,厕所。
04:46
There were no toilets洗手间.
122
274429
1689
那里没有厕所。
04:48
Now that might威力 not sound声音
significant重大 to you here today今天,
123
276118
2631
对于今天现场的你们来说,
这些可能听起来不重要,
04:50
but at the time, it was huge巨大.
124
278749
1385
但是在那时候,
这是个很严重的问题。
04:52
No one had ever heard听说 of a cell细胞 without a toilet厕所.
125
280134
2113
没有人听说过
牢房没有厕所。
04:54
We all thought it was dangerous危险 and crazy.
126
282247
2248
我们全都认为这是危险的和疯狂的。
04:56
Even eight men男人 to a cell细胞 had a toilet厕所.
127
284495
3107
即使八个人的牢房也有厕所。
04:59
That small detail详情 changed the way we worked工作.
128
287602
2857
那个小的细节
改变了我们工作的方式。
05:02
Inmates囚犯 and staff员工 started开始 interacting互动
129
290459
1730
犯人和工作人员开始
更频繁和开放地
05:04
more often经常 and openly公然 and developing发展 a rapport关系.
130
292189
3274
互动以及发展出了和谐的关系。
05:07
It was easier更轻松 to detect检测 conflict冲突 and intervene干预
131
295463
1833
探测冲突和在升级前干预
05:09
before it escalated升级.
132
297296
1314
变得更加容易。
05:10
The unit单元 was cleaner清洁器, quieter安静,
safer更安全 and more humane人道.
133
298610
3636
单元变得更加整洁,安静,
安全以及更加人性化。
05:14
This was more effective有效 at keeping保持 the peace和平
134
302246
2205
这在保持和平上比任何其他
05:16
than any intimidation恐吓 technique技术 I'd seen看到 to that point.
135
304451
3509
我见过的恐吓技术都要更有效率。
05:19
Interacting互动 changes变化 the way you behave表现,
136
307960
1428
互动改变了你的行为方式,
05:21
both for the officer and the inmate犯人.
137
309388
2106
无论是对狱警还是对犯人来说。
05:23
We changed the environment环境
and we changed the behavior行为.
138
311494
3150
我们改变了环境,
我们还改变了行为。
05:26
Now, just in case案件 I hadn't有没有 learned学到了 this lesson,
139
314644
1893
这时候,以防万一
我没有吸取这个教训,
05:28
they assigned分配 me to headquarters司令部 next下一个,
140
316537
2410
他们接着安排我去总部,
05:30
and that's where I ran straight直行
up against反对 system系统 change更改.
141
318947
2526
那是我直接执行系统改革的地方。
05:33
Now, many许多 things work against反对 system系统 change更改:
142
321473
2569
这时候,很多事情对系统改革不利:
05:36
politics政治 and politicians政治家, bills票据 and laws法律,
143
324042
2109
政治和政治家,法案和法律,
05:38
courts法院 and lawsuits诉讼, internal内部 politics政治.
144
326151
2768
法院和诉讼,内部政治。
05:40
System系统 change更改 is difficult and slow,
145
328919
2070
系统改革是困难以及缓慢的,
05:42
and oftentimes通常情况下 it doesn't take you
146
330989
1542
而它时常带不了你
05:44
where you want to go.
147
332531
1683
去你想到的地方。
05:46
It's no small thing to change更改 a prison监狱 system系统.
148
334214
4022
改变一个监狱系统并不是一件小事情。
05:50
So what I did do is I reflected反射的
on my earlier experiences经验
149
338236
2674
所以我反省了一下过去的经验
05:52
and I remembered记得 that when we interacted互动
with offenders罪犯, the heat went down.
150
340910
3254
并且我想起来当我们与罪犯交流的时候,
紧张度就下降了。
05:56
When we changed the environment环境,
the behavior行为 changed.
151
344164
1991
当我们改变环境的时候,
行为就会改变。
05:58
And these were not huge巨大 system系统 changes变化.
152
346155
1789
而这些不是大的系统性的改革。
05:59
These were small changes变化, and these changes变化
153
347944
1755
这些是小的改变,并且这些改变
06:01
created创建 new possibilities可能性.
154
349699
2211
制造出新的可能,
06:03
So next下一个, I got reassigned重新分配 as
superintendent所长 of a small prison监狱.
155
351910
2707
接下来,我被分配到了一所小监狱当狱长。
06:06
And at the same相同 time, I was working加工 on my degree
156
354617
2259
并且在同一时间,我正在为我在
06:08
at the Evergreen常绿 State College学院.
157
356876
2081
艾沃格瑞州立学院的学位而努力。
06:10
I interacted互动 with a lot of
people who were not like me,
158
358957
1993
我去很多与我不同的人接触,
06:12
people who had different不同 ideas思路
159
360950
1370
跟我有不同想法的人,
06:14
and came来了 from different不同 backgrounds背景.
160
362320
1706
还有有着不同背景的人。
06:16
One of them was a rainforest雨林 ecologist生态学家.
161
364026
2596
其中有一个人是雨林生态学家。
06:18
She looked看着 at my small prison监狱 and what she saw
162
366622
1750
她看了一下我的小监狱而她想到的是
06:20
was a laboratory实验室.
163
368372
1786
一个实验室。
06:22
We talked and discovered发现 how prisons监狱 and inmates囚犯
164
370158
2925
我们交流并发现监狱以及犯人是如何
06:25
could actually其实 help advance提前 science科学
165
373083
2032
能够通过帮助他们完成试验项目
06:27
by helping帮助 them complete完成 projects项目
166
375115
1629
从而来帮助科学发展。
06:28
they couldn't不能 complete完成 on their own拥有,
167
376744
1811
他们没法自己完成,
06:30
like repopulating再增殖 endangered濒危 species种类:
168
378555
2318
像重新繁衍濒临灭绝的物种:
06:32
frogs青蛙, butterflies蝴蝶, endangered濒危 prairie草原 plants植物.
169
380873
3147
青蛙,蝴蝶,濒临灭绝的草原植物。
06:36
At the same相同 time, we found发现 ways方法 to make
170
384020
1327
与此同时,我们发现了
06:37
our operation手术 more efficient高效
171
385347
1583
让我们运行的更有效率的方法,
06:38
through通过 the addition加成 of solar太阳能 power功率,
172
386930
2223
通过引入太阳能,
06:41
rainwater雨水 catchment集水, organic有机 gardening园艺, recycling回收.
173
389153
3530
雨水收集,有机园艺,回收利用。
06:44
This initiative倡议 has led to many许多 projects项目
174
392683
2499
这种首创精神已经导致很多
06:47
that have had huge巨大 system-wide全系统 impact碰撞,
175
395182
1702
有巨大系统性影响的项目,
06:48
not just in our system系统, but in
other state systems系统 as well,
176
396884
3343
不仅仅在我们的系统内,
在其他州的系统也一样,
06:52
small experiments实验 making制造 a big difference区别
177
400227
2196
小型的实验对科学
06:54
to science科学, to the community社区.
178
402423
3052
对社区产生巨大影响。
06:57
The way we think about our work changes变化 our work.
179
405475
3167
我们看待工作的方式
改变了我们的工作。
07:00
The project项目 just made制作 my job工作
more interesting有趣 and exciting扣人心弦.
180
408642
3181
项目使我的工作更加有趣和令人兴奋。
07:03
I was excited兴奋. Staff员工 were excited兴奋.
181
411823
1957
我很兴奋。工作人员很兴奋。
07:05
Officers长官 were excited兴奋. Inmates囚犯 were excited兴奋.
182
413780
2010
狱警们很兴奋。犯人们很兴奋。
07:07
They were inspired启发.
183
415790
1753
他们都受到了启发。
07:09
Everybody每个人 wanted to be part部分 of this.
184
417543
1556
每一个人都想成为其中的一份子。
07:11
They were making制造 a contribution贡献, a difference区别,
185
419099
2319
他们对有意义和重要的事,
07:13
one they thought was meaningful富有意义的 and important重要.
186
421418
2239
做出了贡献,产生了影响。
07:15
Let me be clear明确 on what's going on here, though虽然.
187
423657
1856
让我尽管澄清一下这里正在发生什么事情。
07:17
Inmates囚犯 are highly高度 adaptive自适应.
188
425513
1743
犯人们非常适应。
07:19
They have to be.
189
427256
1672
他们不得不这样做。
07:20
Oftentimes通常情况下, they know more about our own拥有 systems系统
190
428928
2761
他们时常比管理他们的人
07:23
than the people who run them.
191
431689
1981
更清楚自己的系统。
07:25
And they're here for a reason原因.
192
433670
1651
他们进监狱是有原因的。
07:27
I don't see my job工作 as to punish惩治 them or forgive原谅 them,
193
435321
3286
我并不认我的工作是去
惩罚或者原谅他们,
07:30
but I do think they can have
194
438607
1263
但是我认为他们即使在监狱
07:31
decent正经 and meaningful富有意义的 lives生活 even in prison监狱.
195
439870
2753
也能拥有得体和有意义的生活。
07:34
So that was the question:
196
442623
1577
所以那是个问题:
07:36
Could inmates囚犯 live生活 decent正经 and meaningful富有意义的 lives生活,
197
444200
3180
犯人们可以过上体面而且有意义的生活吗?
07:39
and if so, what difference区别 would that make?
198
447380
3270
如果可以,会带来怎样的不同?
07:42
So I took that question back to the deep end结束,
199
450650
2897
我带着那疑问回到最困难的部分,
07:45
where some of our most
violent暴力 offenders罪犯 are housed安置.
200
453547
2665
那个关押最暴力的罪犯的地方。
07:48
Remember记得, IMUs惯性测量单元 are for punishment惩罚.
201
456212
1631
记住,IMU(集约化管理单元)是用于惩罚的。
07:49
You don't get perks津贴 there, like programming程序设计.
202
457843
2064
你不会在那里得到额外的好处,比如规划。
07:51
That was how we thought.
203
459907
1930
我们就是这样想的。
07:53
But then we started开始 to realize实现 that if any inmates囚犯
204
461837
2113
但是我们开始意识到
07:55
needed需要 programming程序设计, it
was these particular特定 inmates囚犯.
205
463950
2287
这些特定的犯人,比任何其他人
都更需要计划指令。
07:58
In fact事实, they needed需要 intensive集约 programming程序设计.
206
466237
2186
事实上,他们需要强烈的适应。
08:00
So we changed our thinking思维 180 degrees,
207
468423
2338
所以我们在思想上有了180度的转变
08:02
and we started开始 looking for new possibilities可能性.
208
470761
2363
开始寻找新的可能性。
08:05
What we found发现 was a new kind of chair椅子.
209
473124
2538
我们找到的是一种新型的椅子。
08:07
Instead代替 of using运用 the chair椅子 for punishment惩罚,
210
475662
1946
取代了原来用来惩罚的椅子,
08:09
we put it in classrooms教室.
211
477608
1670
我们把它放置于教室。
08:11
Okay, we didn't forget忘记 our responsibility责任 to control控制,
212
479278
3052
好吧,我们没有忘记控制的职责,
08:14
but now inmates囚犯 could interact相互作用 safely安然, face-to-face面对面
213
482330
2229
但是犯人可以安全地相处,
08:16
with other inmates囚犯 and staff员工,
214
484559
1646
跟狱友还有工作人员面对面沟通,
08:18
and because control控制 was no longer an issue问题,
215
486205
1635
而且因为管制已经不再是一个问题了,
08:19
everybody每个人 could focus焦点 on other things,
216
487840
2290
所有人都可以集中精力到其他的事情中,
08:22
like learning学习. Behavior行为 changed.
217
490130
2631
像学习。行为改变了。
08:24
We changed our thinking思维, and we changed
what was possible可能, and this gives me hope希望.
218
492772
4835
我们改变了思维,创造不同的可能性,
而这给我们带来了希望。
08:29
Now, I can't tell you that any of this stuff东东 will work.
219
497607
2536
现在,我无法肯定这完全可行。
08:32
What I can tell you, though虽然, it is working加工.
220
500143
2592
我能告诉你的是,它正在起作用。
08:34
Our prisons监狱 are getting得到 safer更安全
for both staff员工 and inmates囚犯,
221
502735
3429
对工作人员和犯人来说
我们的监狱都变得更加安全,
08:38
and when our prisons监狱 are safe安全,
222
506164
1394
而当我们的监狱安全了,
08:39
we can put our energies能量 into
a lot more than just controlling控制.
223
507558
3455
我们可以把精力更多地投入到
控制犯人以外的事情。
08:43
Reducing减少 recidivism累犯 may可能 be our ultimate最终 goal目标,
224
511013
2282
减少惯犯也许是我们的终极目标,
08:45
but it's not our only goal目标.
225
513295
1675
但是它不是我们的唯一目标。
08:46
To be honest诚实 with you, preventing防止 crime犯罪
226
514970
1756
坦白跟你们说,预防犯罪
08:48
takes so much more from so many许多 more people
227
516726
1969
需要更多的人力物力
08:50
and institutions机构.
228
518695
1513
以及机构参与其中。
08:52
If we rely依靠 on just prisons监狱 to reduce减少 crime犯罪,
229
520208
3268
如果我们仅仅依赖监狱去减少犯罪,
08:55
I'm afraid害怕 we'll never get there.
230
523476
1958
恐怕永远都达不到目标。
08:57
But prisons监狱 can do some things
231
525434
1855
但是监狱能够做一些
08:59
we never thought they could do.
232
527289
1676
我们从未想过它们能做到的事情。
09:00
Prisons监狱 can be the source资源 of innovation革新
233
528965
2035
监狱可以是创新和
09:03
and sustainability可持续性,
234
531000
1381
可持续发展,
09:04
repopulating再增殖 endangered濒危 species种类
and environmental环境的 restoration恢复.
235
532381
3359
重新繁衍濒临灭绝的物种
以及环境修复之源。
09:07
Inmates囚犯 can be scientists科学家们 and beekeepers养蜂人,
236
535740
2645
囚犯可以是科学家和养蜂人,
09:10
dog rescuers救援人员.
237
538385
1760
犬只救援人员。
09:12
Prisons监狱 can be the source资源 of meaningful富有意义的 work
238
540145
2533
对工作人员
09:14
and opportunity机会 for staff员工
239
542678
1957
和犯人来说,
09:16
and the inmates囚犯 who live生活 there.
240
544635
2341
监狱可以提供有意义的工作和机会。
09:18
We can contain包含 and control控制
241
546976
2174
我们可以容纳和控制
09:21
and provide提供 humane人道 environments环境.
242
549150
2123
以及提供人道的环境。
09:23
These are not opposing反对 qualities气质.
243
551273
2591
这些不是相对立的。
09:25
We can't wait 10 to 20 years年份 to find out
244
553864
2301
我们不能等待10年到20年去发现
09:28
if this is worth价值 doing.
245
556165
1587
这是不是值得做的。
09:29
Our strategy战略 is not massive大规模的 system系统 change更改.
246
557752
2694
我们的策略不是巨大的系统改变。
09:32
Our strategy战略 is hundreds数以百计 of small changes变化
247
560446
1804
我们的策略是数以百计的小改变
09:34
that take place地点 in days or months个月, not years年份.
248
562250
3685
发生在几天或者几个月,而不是几年。
09:37
We need more small pilots飞行员 where we learn学习 as we go,
249
565935
3397
我们需要更多小的试点,
在前进中学习,
09:41
pilots飞行员 that change更改 the range范围 of possibility可能性.
250
569332
3001
改变可能性范围的试点。
09:44
We need new and better ways方法 to measure测量 impacts影响
251
572333
2089
我们需要新的更好的方式去衡量影响
09:46
on engagement订婚, on interaction相互作用,
252
574422
1741
在参与上,在互动上,
09:48
on safe安全 environments环境.
253
576163
2016
在安全的环境里。
09:50
We need more opportunities机会 to participate参加 in
254
578179
2320
我们需要更多的机会去参与
09:52
and contribute有助于 to our communities社区,
255
580499
2172
和贡献我们的社区,
09:54
your communities社区.
256
582671
2449
你们的社区。
09:57
Prisons监狱 need to be secure安全, yes, safe安全, yes.
257
585120
3044
监狱需要变得牢靠,对的,
安全,对的。
10:00
We can do that.
258
588164
983
我们能够做到。
10:01
Prisons监狱 need to provide提供 humane人道 environments环境
259
589147
2021
监狱需要提供人道主义环境
10:03
where people can participate参加, contribute有助于,
260
591168
2067
人们可以参与,贡献,
10:05
and learn学习 meaningful富有意义的 lives生活.
261
593235
1686
以及学习有意义的生活。
10:06
We're learning学习 how to do that.
262
594921
1849
我们正在学习如何去做到那件事。
10:08
That's why I'm hopeful有希望.
263
596770
1450
那就是我满怀希望的原因。
10:10
We don't have to stay stuck卡住
in old ideas思路 about prison监狱.
264
598220
2291
我们没有必要停留在对监狱老旧的观念上。
10:12
We can define确定 that. We can create创建 that.
265
600511
2464
我们可以定义它。我们可以创造它。
10:14
And when we do that thoughtfully沉思地 and with humanity人性,
266
602975
2450
当我们细心地以及人道地做事,
10:17
prisons监狱 can be more than the bucket
267
605425
1937
监狱可以不只是
10:19
for failed失败 social社会 policy政策.
268
607362
1589
承载失败社会政策的桶。
10:20
Maybe finally最后, we will earn our title标题:
269
608951
3350
也许最终,我们将会赢得我们的头衔:
10:24
a department of corrections更正.
270
612301
1995
一个修正的部门。
10:26
Thank you.
271
614296
2100
谢谢。
10:28
(Applause掌声)
272
616396
2531
(掌声)
Translated by Weiqi (Vickie) Huang
Reviewed by Zhiting Chen

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Pacholke - Prison administrator and reformer
Dan Pacholke aims to keep the Washington State Department of Corrections on the front edge of innovation by rethinking the design of prisons, the training of officers and the education opportunities made available to inmates.

Why you should listen

Dan Pacholke has spent more than three decades working in prisons, first as a corrections office and later as an administrator. Now the Deputy Secretary of Operations for the Washington State Department of Corrections, he says, “I don’t see my job as to punish or forgive [inmates], but I do think they can have decent and meaningful lives in prison.”

Pacholke has dedicated his career to changing the way we think about corrections. Over the years, he has helped usher in programs designed to prevent fires before they start rather than fight them after they’ve flared up. Pacholke has been part of initiatives to redesign prison facilities to maximize interaction between the staff and inmates, to give corrections officers training in verbal de-escalation as well as physical response, and to give inmates opportunities to learn new things while they are in the system. As the co-director of the Sustainability in Prisons Project, Pacholke brought recycling, composting, horticulture and even bee-keeping programs into prisons—to give inmates meaningful work, but also to cut costs and make prisons more sustainable. 

More profile about the speaker
Dan Pacholke | Speaker | TED.com