ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robin Chase - Transport networker
With Zipcar, Robin Chase introduced car-crazy America to the concept of non-ownership. Now she's flipping that model with Buzzcar, which lets you rent your own auto to your neighbors.

Why you should listen

If she weren't a proven entrepreneur, you might imagine Robin Chase as a transportation geek, a dedicated civil servant, endlessly refining computer models of freeway traffic. If she weren't such a green-conscious problem-solver, you might take her for a startup whiz. Case in point: In 2000, Chase focused her MIT business training on a car-sharing scheme imported from Europe and co-founded Zipcar, now the largest car-sharing business in the world. Using a wireless key, location awareness and Internet billing, members pick up Zipcars at myriad locations anytime they want one.

Now Chase has launched Buzzcar, a car-sharing service in France with a twist: instead of a fleet of green Zipcars, the service lets users share their own cars and make money off their unused capacity. Call it peer-to-peer auto rental.

Read this insightful interview with Chase about starting a business and raising kids (including a supermodel).

More profile about the speaker
Robin Chase | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Robin Chase: The idea behind Zipcar (and what comes next)

RobinChase:Zipcar和她另一项宏伟的构想

Filmed:
517,542 views

RobinChase创立了Zipcar,全球最大的共享汽车公司,而这仅仅是她的小创意之一。在这里她想得更远——一个可以动摇我们驾驶习惯的道路收费计划以及一张勾连各个州之间的广阔的网络,正处于她的思考当中。
- Transport networker
With Zipcar, Robin Chase introduced car-crazy America to the concept of non-ownership. Now she's flipping that model with Buzzcar, which lets you rent your own auto to your neighbors. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'm going to talk about two stories故事 today今天.
0
0
3000
今天我想给大家讲两个故事。
00:15
One is how we need to use market-based以市场为基础 pricing价钱 to affect影响 demand需求
1
3000
7000
一个是我们如何通过基于市场的定价去影响需求,
00:22
and use wireless无线 technologies技术 to dramatically显着 reduce减少 our emissions排放
2
10000
4000
并且使用无线技术减少在运输环节的
00:26
in the transportation运输 sector扇形.
3
14000
3000
汽车排放物。
00:29
And the other is that there is an incredible难以置信 opportunity机会
4
17000
2000
另一个就是我们面临着史无前例的机遇,
00:31
if we choose选择 the right wireless无线 technologies技术;
5
19000
3000
如果我们能选择最合适的无线技术,
00:34
how we can generate生成 a new engine发动机 for economic经济 growth发展
6
22000
3000
我们将会给的经济发展增添新动力,
00:37
and dramatically显着 reduce减少 C02 in the other sectors行业.
7
25000
3000
同时可以显著的减少二氧化碳等气体的排放。
00:40
I'm really scared害怕.
8
28000
2000
我非常惶恐,
00:42
We need to reduce减少 C02 emissions排放 in ten to fifteen十五 years年份 by 80 percent百分
9
30000
4000
因为我们需要在10到15年里减少80%的二氧化碳排放量,
00:46
in order订购 to avert避免 catastrophic灾难性的 effects效果.
10
34000
3000
以避免灾难性的后果。
00:49
And I am astounded震惊 that I'm standing常设 here to tell you that.
11
37000
3000
令我难受的是,我将在这里亲自告诉你们这些灾难。
00:52
What are catastrophic灾难性的 effects效果? A three degree centigrade摄氏 climate气候 change更改 rise上升
12
40000
5000
那些灾难性后果都是什么呢?全球气候升温3摄氏度,
00:57
that will result结果 in 50 percent百分 species种类 extinction灭绝.
13
45000
5000
将导致50%的物种灭绝。
01:02
It's not a movie电影. This is real真实 life.
14
50000
3000
这不是电影,现实生活中存在这种危机。
01:05
And I'm really worried担心, because when people talk about cars汽车
15
53000
3000
我很担心,因为人们谈论汽车的时候
01:08
-- which哪一个 I know something about --
16
56000
3000
——我对此比较了解——
01:11
the press and politicians政治家 and people in this room房间 are all thinking思维,
17
59000
4000
媒体、政客,包括在座的诸位都会想,
01:15
"Let's use fuel-efficient省油 cars汽车."
18
63000
3000
“让我们使用那些高效燃油的小轿车。”
01:18
If we started开始 today今天, 10 years年份 from now, at the end结束 of this window窗口 of opportunity机会,
19
66000
8000
如果我们现在开始做,从现在起做10年,那么,在这段最佳时机之后,
01:26
those fuel-efficient省油 cars汽车 will reduce减少 our fossil化石 fuel汽油 needs需求 by four percent百分.
20
74000
6000
这些高效燃油小轿车就会使人们对化石燃料的需求降低四成。
01:32
That is not enough足够.
21
80000
2000
这还不够(解决问题)。
01:34
But now I'll talk about some more pleasant愉快 things.
22
82000
1000
但是,我想要谈论一些愉快的事情。
01:35
Here are some ways方法 that we can make some dramatic戏剧性 changes变化.
23
83000
3000
这里有一些方法,使得我们可以作出一些有趣的改变。
01:38
So, ZipcarZipcar公司 is a company公司 that I founded成立 seven years年份 ago,
24
86000
4000
七年前我建立了ZipCar公司,
01:42
but it's an example of something called car汽车 sharing分享.
25
90000
3000
其实是汽车共用的一种尝试。
01:45
What ZipcarZipcar公司 does is we park公园 cars汽车 throughout始终 dense稠密 urban城市的 areas
26
93000
3000
ZipCar在人口稠密的城市地区拥有很多会员和他们的车辆,会员可以按小时或者天
01:48
for members会员 to reserve保留, by the hour小时 and by the day, instead代替 of using运用 their own拥有 car汽车.
27
96000
5000
来进行汽车预定服务,用以替代使用他们自己的车子。
01:53
How does it feel to be a person using运用 a ZipcarZipcar公司?
28
101000
3000
ZipCar的会员是如何体会这项服务的呢?
01:56
It means手段 that I pay工资 only for what I need.
29
104000
3000
其实就是只为我实际所需、所用的东西付费,
01:59
All those hours小时 when a car汽车 is sitting坐在 idle, I'm not paying付款 for it.
30
107000
4000
我不必为车辆闲置的那些时间付费,
02:03
It means手段 that I can choose选择 a car汽车 exactly究竟 for that particular特定 trip.
31
111000
4000
也就是说我可以选择一辆车以满足我某一个特定的出行需求。
02:07
So, here's这里的 a woman女人 that reserved保留的 MiniMiaMiniMia, and she had her day.
32
115000
4000
有位女士预定了一台MiniMia,她用的非常开心。
02:11
I can take a BMW宝马 when I'm seeing眼看 clients客户.
33
119000
3000
我可以开着宝马去见客户,
02:14
I can drive驾驶 my Toyota丰田 Element元件 when I'm going to go on that surfing冲浪 trip.
34
122000
8000
也可以换一台丰田Element去海边冲浪。
02:22
And the other remarkable卓越 thing is it's, I think, the highest最高 status状态 of car汽车 ownership所有权.
35
130000
6000
值得一提的是,我认为这才是拥有车子的最高境界。
02:28
Not only do I have a fleet舰队 of cars汽车 available可得到 to me in seven cities城市 around the world世界
36
136000
4000
只需要一个招手或者是一通电话,
02:32
that I can have at my beck招手 and call,
37
140000
2000
我就可以在全球的七个城市里任意使用我想要的车子,
02:34
but heaven天堂 forbid禁止 I would ever maintain保持
38
142000
3000
而且不需要担心车子的维护和维修,
02:37
or deal合同 with the repair修理 or have anything to do with it.
39
145000
3000
或者之类的事情。
02:40
It's like the car汽车 that you always wanted that your mom妈妈 said that you couldn't不能 have.
40
148000
5000
这些车子都是那些你梦寐以求的,但你妈妈反对你拥有的。
02:45
I get all the good stuff东东 and none没有 of the bad.
41
153000
3000
我享受了所有的好处,而无后顾之忧。
02:48
So, what is the social社会 result结果 of this?
42
156000
3000
那么社会对这个事情是如何反馈的呢?
02:51
The social社会 result结果 is that today's今天的 ZipcarZipcar公司 has 100,000 members会员
43
159000
4000
事实是,ZipCar已经拥有10万多会员,
02:55
driving主动 3,000 cars汽车 parked in 3,000 parking停車處 spaces空间.
44
163000
4000
他们拥有停放在3000个停车场里的3000辆汽车。
02:59
Instead代替 of driving主动 12,000 miles英里 a year, which哪一个 is what the average平均 city dweller居住者 does,
45
167000
3000
现如今平均每一个城市居民驾车的行驶里程达每年1万2千公里,
03:02
they drive驾驶 500 miles英里 a year. Are they happy快乐?
46
170000
4000
而ZipCar会员的平均行驶里程仅为每年500公里,他们能不高兴吗?
03:06
The company公司 has been doubling加倍 in size尺寸 ever since以来 I founded成立 it, or greater更大.
47
174000
4000
自从公司创办以来,其规模已经翻了一番,甚至更多。
03:10
People adore崇拜 the company公司. And it's better,
48
178000
5000
人们喜欢这个公司,公司就会发展得越来越好。
03:15
you know? They like it.
49
183000
2000
人们很喜欢它。
03:17
So, how is it that people went from the 12,000 miles英里 a year to 500 miles英里?
50
185000
4000
但是,一个人是如何将他的平均行驶里程由一年1万2千公里降到只有500公里的呢?
03:21
It's because they said, "It's eight to 10 dollars美元 an hour小时 and 65 dollars美元 a day.
51
189000
5000
据他们所讲,这是因为一台车一小时的费用为8到10美元,一天则为65美元。
03:26
If I'm going to go buy购买 some ice cream奶油,
52
194000
3000
如果我想去买冰激凌,
03:29
do I really want to spend eight dollars美元 to go buy购买 the ice cream奶油? Or maybe I'll do without.
53
197000
3000
我会愿意再花费额外8美元的费用吗?或者有什么方法省掉这8美元?
03:32
Maybe I would have bought the ice cream奶油 when I did some other errand使命."
54
200000
3000
也许我会在我处理其他杂事的时候顺便购买冰激凌。
03:35
So, people really respond响应 very quickly很快 to it, to prices价格.
55
203000
3000
依据其所付出的成本,人们可以快速的衡量并做出决定。
03:38
And the last point I want to make is ZipcarZipcar公司 would never be possible可能 without technology技术.
56
206000
5000
最后,我想说的是,没有技术作后盾,ZipCar是根本行不通的。
03:43
It required需要 that it was completely全然 trivial不重要的: that it takes 30 seconds
57
211000
4000
ZipCar需要处理很多琐碎的事情,因为人们希望在30秒内租到想要的车子
03:47
to reserve保留 a car汽车, go get it, drive驾驶 it.
58
215000
4000
——从上报预定汽车开始,到得到车子,并驾车前往目的地。
03:51
And for me, as a service服务 provider提供商,
59
219000
2000
对于我,作为一个服务提供商,
03:53
I would never be able能够 to provide提供 you a car汽车 for an hour小时
60
221000
2000
如果交易成本是很高,
03:55
if the transaction交易 cost成本 was anything.
61
223000
2000
我就不能在一个小时内给客户提供一辆汽车。
03:57
So, without these wireless无线 technologies技术, this, as a concept概念, could never happen发生.
62
225000
5000
因此,正是得益于无线技术,ZipCar的概念才能实现。
04:02
So, here's这里的 another另一个 example. This company公司 is GoLocoGoLoco --
63
230000
3000
这里是另一个例子,GoLoco公司。
04:05
I'm launching发射 it in about three weeks --
64
233000
2000
我将会在3周内启动这个公司。
04:07
and I hope希望 to do for ridesharing共乘 what I did for car汽车 sharing分享.
65
235000
4000
我想把汽车共享的思路运用到座位共享上。
04:11
This will apply应用 to people across横过 all of America美国.
66
239000
3000
这将会是面向所有美国人民的服务。
04:14
Today今天, 75 percent百分 of the trips旅行 are single-occupancy单人入住 vehicles汽车,
67
242000
3000
在当今,75%的行程是一个人进行的,
04:17
yet然而 12 percent百分 of trips旅行 to work are currently目前 carpool停车场.
68
245000
5000
仅有12%的行程是用拼车的方式来完成的。
04:22
And I think that we can apply应用 social社会 networks网络 and online线上 payment付款 systems系统
69
250000
5000
我想我们可以通过完善社会网络通信系统以及在线支付系统
04:27
to completely全然 change更改 how people feel about ridesharing共乘
70
255000
2000
来实现座位共享,
04:29
and make that trip much more efficient高效.
71
257000
3000
让我们的行程更加高效。
04:32
And so when I think about the future未来,
72
260000
3000
我所设想的未来场景就是,
04:35
people will be thinking思维 that sharing分享 the ride with someone有人
73
263000
3000
人们通常会认为和某些人拼车
04:38
is this incredibly令人难以置信 great social社会 event事件 out of their day.
74
266000
3000
是他们社会体系里不可或缺的一部分。
04:41
You know, how did you get to TEDTED? You went with other TEDstersTEDsters.
75
269000
3000
设问一下,你是通过什么途径知道的TED呢?你和那些喜欢TED的人们相互交流。
04:44
How fabulous极好. Why would you ever want to go by yourself你自己 in your own拥有 car汽车?
76
272000
3000
这是很酷的。那么你为什么还会亲自驾车去某个地方呢?
04:47
How did you go food餐饮 shopping购物? You went with your neighbor邻居, what a great social社会 time.
77
275000
3000
你如何去购买日常的食品?通常你会和邻居一起去,这将是一件多么美妙的事情!
04:50
You know it's going to really transform转变 how we feel about travel旅行,
78
278000
5000
这一切将会变革我们传统意义上出行的观念。
04:55
and it will also, I think, enhance提高 our freedom自由 of mobility流动性.
79
283000
4000
它的确会,我认为,它将会加强流动的自主性。
04:59
Where can I go today今天 and who can I do it with?
80
287000
2000
现如今,我能到达什么地方以及我可以和谁一起去呢?
05:01
Those are the types类型 of things that you will look at and feel.
81
289000
3000
这些都是你需要面对的事情,
05:04
And the social社会 benefits好处:
82
292000
2000
同时还要考虑社会利益问题。
05:06
the rate of single-occupancy单人入住 vehicles汽车 is, I told you, 75 percent百分;
83
294000
3000
单人出行的概率是75%;
05:09
I think we can get that down to 50 percent百分.
84
297000
3000
我觉得我们可以将之降低到50%。
05:12
The demand需求 for parking停車處, of course课程, is down, congestion拥塞 and the COCO2 emissions排放.
85
300000
3000
对停车位的需求会相应的减少,同时还有拥挤程度以及二氧化碳的排放量。
05:15
One last piece about this, of course课程, is that it's enabled启用 by wireless无线 technologies技术.
86
303000
5000
这一切能够实现的基础就是无线技术。
05:20
And it's the cost成本 of driving主动 that's making制造 people want to be able能够 to do this.
87
308000
3000
人们之所以期望如此,关键还是成本。
05:23
The average平均 American美国 spends 19 percent百分 of their income收入 on their car汽车,
88
311000
4000
平均每个美国人在他们车子的花费占他们收入的19%。
05:27
and there's a pressure压力 for them to reduce减少 that cost成本, yet然而 they have no outlet出口 today今天.
89
315000
7000
这也是他们降低成本的动力,而且他们也没有别的出路。
05:34
So, the last example of this is congestion拥塞 pricing价钱, very famously著名 doneDONE in London伦敦.
90
322000
5000
最后一个例子是关于高峰期行车收费,在伦敦已经做得相当不错,
05:39
It's when you charge收费 a premium额外费用 for people to drive驾驶 on congested拥挤 roads道路.
91
327000
3000
当你在高峰路段行驶的时候需要额外收费。
05:42
In London伦敦, the day they turned转身 the congestion拥塞 pricing价钱 on,
92
330000
2000
在伦敦,白天的时候需要征收额外的高峰路段费用,
05:44
there was a 25 percent百分 decrease减少 in congestion拥塞 overnight过夜,
93
332000
5000
晚上的时候就会有四分之一的降价。
05:49
and that's persisted坚持 for the four years年份 in which哪一个 they've他们已经 been doing congestion拥塞 pricing价钱.
94
337000
3000
现如今这项政策已经实施有四年了。
05:52
And again, do people like the outcome结果?
95
340000
4000
人们对这项政策的效果满意吗?
05:56
Ken Livingstone利文斯通 was reelected蝉联.
96
344000
3000
伦敦市长肯·利文斯通顺利赢得了连任。
05:59
So again, we can see that price价钱 plays播放 an enormous巨大 role角色 in people's人们 willingness愿意
97
347000
6000
因此,值得注意的是,价格在人们考虑削减自驾出行的过程中
06:05
to reduce减少 their driving主动 behavior行为.
98
353000
3000
充当了极为重要的角色。
06:08
We've我们已经 tripled三倍 the miles英里 that we drive驾驶 since以来 1970 and doubled翻倍 them since以来 1982.
99
356000
4000
现在人们出行的里程数是1970年时的三倍、1982年的二倍。
06:12
There's a huge巨大 slack松弛 in that system系统;
100
360000
2000
这个系统里面有很大的疏漏。
06:14
with the right pricing价钱 we can undo解开 that.
101
362000
4000
通过合适的定价就可以弥补其中的不足。
06:18
Congestion拥塞 pricing价钱 is being存在 discussed讨论 in every一切 major重大的 city around the world世界
102
366000
3000
全球几个重要的城市都探究过拥挤定价的问题,
06:21
and is, again, wirelessly无线 enabled启用.
103
369000
2000
当然,借助的是无线技术。
06:23
You weren't going to put tollbooths收费站 around the city of London伦敦
104
371000
2000
我们不会在伦敦的周边建立收费站,
06:25
and open打开 and shut关闭 those gates.
105
373000
2000
通过开启和关闭这些出口来控制拥挤的交通。
06:27
And what congestion拥塞 pricing价钱 is is that it's a technology技术 trial审讯 and a psychological心理 trial审讯
106
375000
5000
高峰期行车收费是一项技术测试和心理测试,
06:32
for something called road pricing价钱.
107
380000
3000
也就是通常耳闻的道路收费。
06:35
And road pricing价钱 is where we're all going to have to go,
108
383000
2000
道路收费往往出现在那些我们不得不去的地方。
06:37
because today今天 we pay工资 for our maintenance保养
109
385000
2000
当今社会中,政府通过征收汽油税进行
06:39
and wear穿 and tear眼泪 on our cars汽车 with gas加油站 taxes.
110
387000
3000
道路的维护和保养。
06:42
And as we get our cars汽车 more fuel-efficient省油,
111
390000
5000
如果我们能降低汽车的油耗,
06:47
that's going to be reducing减少 the amount of revenue收入 that you get off of those gas加油站 taxes,
112
395000
4000
就会相应的减少你所需缴纳的燃油税,
06:51
so we need to charge收费 people by the mile英里 that they drive驾驶.
113
399000
4000
因此我们需要按照驾驶人实际行驶的里程进行征税。
06:55
Whatever随你 happens发生 with congestion拥塞 pricing价钱 and those technologies技术
114
403000
2000
与道路收费相关的最多因素就是那些
06:57
will be happening事件 with road pricing价钱.
115
405000
3000
将会用之于道路收费的技术。
07:00
Why do we travel旅行 too much?
116
408000
2000
我们为什么要做如此多的出行呢?
07:02
Car汽车 travel旅行 is underpriced低估 and therefore因此 we over-consumed过度消耗.
117
410000
3000
驾车旅行是非常廉价的,也是被过度消费的。
07:05
We need to put this better market市场 feedback反馈.
118
413000
2000
我们需要更好的市场反馈。
07:07
And if we have it, you'll你会 decide决定 how many许多 miles英里 to drive驾驶,
119
415000
2000
如果我们能将这个设想实现,你就可以自主决定行驶的里程数、
07:09
what mode模式 of travel旅行, where to live生活 and work.
120
417000
2000
旅行的方式以及居住地和工作地等。
07:11
And wireless无线 technologies技术 make this real-time即时的 loop循环 possible可能.
121
419000
4000
无线技术让这种实时循环得以实现。
07:15
So, I want to move移动 now to the second第二 part部分 of my story故事,
122
423000
2000
现在我想开始介绍我故事的第二部分,
07:17
which哪一个 is: when are we going to start开始 doing
123
425000
5000
就是,我们该在什么时机开始
07:22
this congestion拥塞 pricing价钱? Road pricing价钱 is coming未来.
124
430000
4000
高峰期行车收费呢?道路收费已经濒临。
07:26
When are we going to do it? Are we going to wait
125
434000
1000
我们该什么时候开始着手呢?我们是否需要
07:27
10 to 15 years年份 for this to happen发生
126
435000
2000
再等待个15年呢?
07:29
or are we going to finally最后 have this political政治 will to make it happen发生 in the next下一个 two years年份?
127
437000
3000
抑或者是在两年内就开展这项政策?
07:32
Because I'm going to say, that is going to be the tool工具 that's going to turn our usage用法 overnight过夜.
128
440000
4000
我预言,这项政策将会在一夜间改变我们对汽车的使用方式。
07:36
And what kind of wireless无线 technology技术 are we going to use?
129
444000
4000
我们将会使用什么样的无线技术呢?
07:40
This is my big vision视力.
130
448000
3000
这就是我的大设想。
07:43
There is a tool工具 that can help us bridge the digital数字 divide划分,
131
451000
3000
有种工具可以帮助我们弥合数字鸿沟,
07:46
respond响应 to emergencies紧急情况, get traffic交通 moving移动,
132
454000
4000
应对紧急情况,使交通畅顺,
07:50
provide提供 a new engine发动机 for economic经济 growth发展
133
458000
3000
为经济增长添加新引擎,
07:53
and dramatically显着 reduce减少 COCO2 emissions排放 in every一切 sector扇形.
134
461000
6000
同时大大降低二氧化碳的排放量。
07:59
And this is a moment时刻 from "The Graduate毕业." Do you remember记得 this moment时刻?
135
467000
4000
这是来自“研究所”的一幕,不知道大家还记得不?
08:03
You guys are going to be the handsome英俊 young年轻 guy
136
471000
3000
你们将会是年轻帅气的年轻人,
08:06
and I'm going to be the wise明智的 businessman商人.
137
474000
3000
而我则是一名聪明的商人。
08:09
"I want to say one word to you, just one word."
138
477000
2000
“我只想对你说一句话,就一句话。”
08:11
"Yes, sir先生?" "Are you listening?" "Yes I am."
139
479000
6000
“好的,先生?”“你在听吗?”“是的,我在听。”
08:17
"Ad-hoc特别指定 peer-to-peer点对点 self-configuring自配置 wireless无线 networks网络."
140
485000
4000
”临时的点对点自组网无线网络。”
08:21
(Laughter笑声)
141
489000
4000
(笑声)
08:25
These are also called mesh网孔 networks网络.
142
493000
2000
被称为多跳网络。
08:27
And in a mesh网孔, every一切 device设备 contributes有助于 to and expands展开 the network网络,
143
495000
4000
在一个多跳网络中,每一台设备都是网络的组成单元,从而使得网络得以扩张,
08:31
and I think you might威力 have heard听说 a little bit about it before.
144
499000
2000
大家之前对此一定有所耳闻。
08:33
I'm going to give you some examples例子.
145
501000
2000
我这里会给大家展示一些例子。
08:35
You'll你会 be hearing听力 later后来 today今天 from Alan艾伦 Kay.
146
503000
2000
你们将会在AlanKay那里听到更详细的内容。
08:37
These laptops笔记本电脑, when a child儿童 opens打开 them up,
147
505000
3000
这些笔记本电脑,当一个小孩子启动它时,
08:40
they communicate通信 with every一切 single child儿童 in the classroom课堂,
148
508000
3000
同一个教室里的电脑之间就会相互链接并开始发送和接收信息,
08:43
within that school学校, within that village.
149
511000
3000
范围可以扩展到整个学校,甚至整个乡镇。
08:46
And what is the cost成本 of that communication通讯 system系统?
150
514000
2000
而这套通讯系统的成本是多少呢?
08:48
Zero dollars美元 a month.
151
516000
3000
每月0美元。
08:51
Here's这里的 another另一个 example: in New Orleans奥尔良,
152
519000
2000
这是另一个例子。在新奥尔良,
08:53
video视频 cameras相机 were mesh-enabled网启用
153
521000
2000
监视器之间被用无线网络链接在了一起,
08:55
so that they could monitor监控 crime犯罪 in the downtown市中心 French法国 Quarter25美分硬币.
154
523000
3000
因此,人们就可以监视在市中心的法国区的社会治安状况。
08:58
When the hurricane飓风 happened发生,
155
526000
2000
当飓风来临时,
09:00
the only communication通讯 system系统 standing常设 was the mesh网孔 network网络.
156
528000
3000
仅存的通讯系统就是这种多跳网络。
09:03
Volunteers志愿者 flew in, added添加 a whole整个 bunch of devices设备,
157
531000
3000
有很多的志愿者加入到了其中,贡献了一大堆的设备。
09:06
and for the next下一个 12 months个月,
158
534000
2000
在接下来的一年当中,
09:08
mesh网孔 networks网络 were the only wireless无线 that was happening事件 in New Orleans奥尔良.
159
536000
5000
多跳网络将会成为新奥尔良地区唯一的无线网络。
09:13
Another另一个 example is in Portsmouth朴茨茅斯, U.K.
160
541000
2000
另一个例子在英国的朴次矛斯。
09:15
They mesh-enabled网启用 300 buses公共汽车 and they speak说话 to these smart聪明 terminals终端.
161
543000
4000
人们将300辆公交车用无线连接起来。人们可以和那些智能终端对话,
09:19
You can look at the terminal终奌站
162
547000
2000
你可以看到智能终端上的信息,
09:21
and be able能够 to see precisely恰恰 where your bus总线 is on the street
163
549000
4000
并从中获知你所要乘坐的公交车的位置。
09:25
and when it's coming未来, and you can buy购买 your tickets门票 in real真实 time.
164
553000
4000
当车子驶过来的时候,你就能实时买到车票。
09:29
Again, all mesh-enabled网启用. Monthly每月一次 communication通讯 cost成本: zero.
165
557000
6000
值得强调的是,所有的多跳网络,每月的成本都是零。
09:35
So, the beauty美女 of mesh网孔 networks网络:
166
563000
3000
多跳网络的优点:
09:38
you can have these very low-cost低成本 devices设备.
167
566000
2000
你可以拥有这些低成本的设备;
09:40
Zero ongoing不断的 communication通讯 costs成本. Highly高度 scalable可扩展性;
168
568000
3000
交互通讯的成本为零;极高的灵活度;
09:43
you can just keep adding加入 them, and as in Katrina卡特里娜,
169
571000
2000
你甚至于可以在飓风Katrina里加入到多跳网络中来。
09:45
you can keep subtracting减法 them -- as long as there's some, we can still communicate通信.
170
573000
4000
你可以随意出入其中;只要里面仍然有一些设备,我们就可以保持通讯顺畅。
09:49
They're resilient弹性; their redundancy冗余 is built内置 into this fabulous极好 decentralized分散 design设计.
171
577000
4000
这种网络是极具弹性的,冗余被内置到了这种神话般的分散设计当中。
09:53
What are the incredible难以置信 weaknesses弱点?
172
581000
2000
那么它有什么致命的弱点呢?
09:55
There isn't anybody任何人 in Washington华盛顿 lobbying游说 to make it happen发生 --
173
583000
4000
没有人愿意在华盛顿游说,使之投入建设,
09:59
or in those municipalities直辖市, to build建立 out their cities城市 with these wireless无线 networks网络 --
174
587000
3000
或者是在那些自治市,也没有人采用无线网络构建他们的城市,
10:02
because there's zero ongoing不断的 communications通讯 cost成本.
175
590000
3000
就是因为它的零成本。
10:05
So, the examples例子 that I gave you are these islands岛屿 of mesh网孔 networks网络,
176
593000
4000
我给你的那些例子都是一些独立的多跳网络,
10:09
and networks网络 are interesting有趣 only as they are big.
177
597000
4000
当一个网络形成较大规模后才会变得有趣。
10:13
How do we create创建 a big network网络?
178
601000
5000
如何构建一个大型的网络呢?
10:18
Are you guys ready准备 again -- "The Graduate毕业"?
179
606000
3000
你们重新准备好了吗?——“毕业生”
10:21
This time you will still play the handsome英俊 young年轻 thing, but I'll be the sexy性感的 woman女人.
180
609000
4000
那个时候你们可以继续耍酷,我也可以变得很性感。
10:25
These are the next下一个 two lines线 in the movie电影.
181
613000
2000
这就是电影里的两条主线。
10:27
"Where did you do it?" "In his car汽车."
182
615000
5000
“你在哪里做的?”“在他的车里。”
10:32
So you know, when you stick this idea理念 ... (Laughter笑声)
183
620000
5000
你知道,当你坚持这个想法的时候——(笑声)——
10:37
where would we expect期望 me, Robin知更鸟 Chase, to be thinking思维
184
625000
4000
大家期望我,RobinChase,所能做的就是
10:41
is imagine想像 if we put a mesh-network网状网络 device设备
185
629000
2000
把美国中的每一辆车子里面
10:43
in every一切 single car汽车 across横过 America美国.
186
631000
3000
装入一个多跳网络装置。
10:46
We could have a coast-to-coast海岸到海岸, free自由 wireless无线 communication通讯 system系统.
187
634000
6000
这样的话,我们就会拥有海岸到海岸的免费无线通讯系统。
10:52
I guess猜测 I just want you to think about that.
188
640000
4000
我希望诸位能认真考虑一下。
10:56
And why is this going to happen发生? Because we're going to do congestion拥塞 pricing价钱,
189
644000
4000
我们为什么要这么去做?因为我们要缴纳道路拥挤费;
11:00
we are going to do road tolls过路费,
190
648000
2000
我们还要缴纳养路费;
11:02
gas加油站 taxes are going to become成为 road pricing价钱.
191
650000
3000
燃油税即将成为道路收费。
11:05
These things are going to happen发生.
192
653000
2000
这一切都会发生。
11:07
What's the wireless无线 technology技术 we're going to use?
193
655000
2000
将来我们会采用什么无线技术呢?
11:09
Maybe we should use a good one. When are we going to do it?
194
657000
4000
最后选用一个好一点的。那我们什么时候开始着手去做呢?
11:13
Maybe we shouldn't不能 wait for the 10 or 15 years年份 for this to happen发生.
195
661000
3000
也许我们还是不要再等个10到15年了吧。
11:16
We should pull it forward前锋.
196
664000
3000
我们需要立马将其排上日程安排。
11:19
So, I'd like us to launch发射 the wireless无线 Internet互联网 interstate州际 wireless无线 mesh网孔 system系统,
197
667000
6000
我希望我们能把每个州拥有的独立的多跳网络连接起来。
11:25
and require要求 that this network网络 be accessible无障碍 to everyone大家, with open打开 standards标准.
198
673000
5000
每个人都可以使用这个网络,并且网络采用公开的标准。
11:30
Right now in the transportation运输 sector扇形, we're creating创建 these wireless无线 devices设备 --
199
678000
4000
现在,在交通部门,我们正在生产这些无线设备。
11:34
I guess猜测 you guys might威力 have Fast快速 Pass通过 here or Easy简单 Lane车道 --
200
682000
3000
我猜,你们当中会有人拥有FastPass,或者EasyLane,
11:37
that are single-purpose单用途 devices设备 in these closed关闭 networks网络.
201
685000
4000
这就是关乎多跳网络的单一用途的装置。
11:41
What is the point?
202
689000
1000
其重点是什么?
11:42
We're transferring转移 just a few少数 little data数据 bits
203
690000
2000
我们同时转移了少量的数据,
11:44
when we're doing road controlling控制, road pricing价钱.
204
692000
2000
当我们在处理道路控制,道路收费的时候。
11:46
We have this incredible难以置信 excess过量 capacity容量.
205
694000
2000
我们拥有着巨大的产能,
11:48
So, we can provide提供 the lowest-cost最低成本 means手段 of going wireless无线 coast-to-coast海岸到海岸,
206
696000
4000
因此可以通过提供价格低廉的、海岸到海岸的无线通讯。
11:52
we can have resilient弹性 nationwide全国 communication通讯 systems系统,
207
700000
3000
我们拥有可靠的、遍布全国的通讯系统。
11:55
we have a new tool工具 for creating创建 efficiencies效率 in all sectors行业.
208
703000
3000
我们拥有一种可以提高所有部门效率的工具。
11:58
Imagine想像 what happens发生 when the cost成本 of getting得到 information信息
209
706000
2000
设想一下,你从一个地方取得另一个地方的信息
12:00
from anywhere随地 to anywhere随地 is close to zero.
210
708000
3000
所花费的成本近乎为0。
12:03
What you can do with that tool工具: we can create创建 an economic经济 engine发动机.
211
711000
4000
可以通过这个工具做什么呢?我们可以创造一具新型的经济引擎。
12:07
Information信息 should be free自由, and access访问 to information信息 should be free自由,
212
715000
3000
信息应该是免费的,获取信息也应该是免费的,
12:10
and we should be charging充电 people for carbon.
213
718000
4000
同时我们还在向人们征收碳排放的费用。
12:14
I think this is a more powerful强大 tool工具 than the Interstate州际 Highway高速公路 Act法案,
214
722000
3000
我认为这个工具比州际公路法更有效,
12:17
and I think this is as important重要 and world世界 changing改变
215
725000
2000
并且它和电气化一样对经济全球化
12:19
to our economy经济 as electrification起电.
216
727000
2000
起重要作用。
12:21
And if I had my druthers能选择的话,
217
729000
2000
如果根据我的喜好去选择,
12:23
we would have an open-source开源 version in addition加成 to open打开 standards标准.
218
731000
4000
我们将有一个开源版本,除了开放标准。
12:27
And this open-source开源 version means手段 that
219
735000
5000
开源版本意味着
12:32
it could be -- if we did a brilliant辉煌 job工作 of it --
220
740000
2000
——如果我们能做出卓有成效的工作——
12:34
it could be used around the world世界 very quickly很快.
221
742000
5000
新型技术立即就可以投入使用。
12:39
So, going back to one of my earlier thoughts思念.
222
747000
4000
回到我之前的那个设想。
12:43
Imagine想像 if every一切 one of these buses公共汽车 in Lagos拉各斯 was part部分 of the mesh网孔 network网络.
223
751000
4000
设想一下,如果每一辆拉各斯的公交车就是多跳网络的一部分,
12:47
When I went this morning早上 to Larry拉里 Brilliant's辉煌的 TEDTalkTED演讲 prize
224
755000
5000
当我早晨来到LarryBrilliant的TEDTalk大奖会
12:52
-- his fabulous极好 networks网络 --
225
760000
2000
——他精彩的网络之一——
12:54
imagine想像 if there was an open-source开源
226
762000
2000
假使这里有一个开源版本的多跳
12:56
mesh网孔 communications通讯 device设备 that can be put into those networks网络,
227
764000
3000
通讯设备可以被加入到网络当中,
12:59
to make all that happen发生.
228
767000
2000
那么一切皆可以实现。
13:01
And we can be doing it if we could just get over the fact事实 that
229
769000
4000
我们可以实现它,只要我们能够克服一个困难——
13:05
this little slice of things is going to be for free自由.
230
773000
2000
就是需要有些人将他们的设备免费对外开放,
13:07
We could make billions数十亿 of dollars美元 on top最佳 of it,
231
775000
3000
仅需如此,我们就可以籍此创造数以亿元的财富。
13:10
but this one particular特定 slice of communications通讯 needs需求 to be open打开 source资源.
232
778000
5000
但是,这一个特殊的通信部件需要是开源的。
13:15
So, let's take control控制 of this nightmare恶梦:
233
783000
3000
我们已经开始解决这个问题。
13:18
implement实行 a gas加油站 tax immediately立即;
234
786000
3000
立即实施汽油税。
13:21
transition过渡 across横过 the nation国家 to road-tolling公路收费 with this wireless无线 mesh网孔;
235
789000
5000
应用无线多跳网络在全国范围内过渡到道路收费。
13:26
require要求 that the mesh网孔 be open打开 to all, with open打开 standards标准;
236
794000
4000
要求无线网络是对所有人开放的,并且也是公开标准的。
13:30
and, of course课程, use mesh网孔 networks网络.
237
798000
1000
当然,请大家来使用无线多跳网络吧。
13:31
Thank you. (Applause掌声)
238
799000
3000
谢谢大家 (掌声)
Translated by dayu Vong
Reviewed by Zhu Jie

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robin Chase - Transport networker
With Zipcar, Robin Chase introduced car-crazy America to the concept of non-ownership. Now she's flipping that model with Buzzcar, which lets you rent your own auto to your neighbors.

Why you should listen

If she weren't a proven entrepreneur, you might imagine Robin Chase as a transportation geek, a dedicated civil servant, endlessly refining computer models of freeway traffic. If she weren't such a green-conscious problem-solver, you might take her for a startup whiz. Case in point: In 2000, Chase focused her MIT business training on a car-sharing scheme imported from Europe and co-founded Zipcar, now the largest car-sharing business in the world. Using a wireless key, location awareness and Internet billing, members pick up Zipcars at myriad locations anytime they want one.

Now Chase has launched Buzzcar, a car-sharing service in France with a twist: instead of a fleet of green Zipcars, the service lets users share their own cars and make money off their unused capacity. Call it peer-to-peer auto rental.

Read this insightful interview with Chase about starting a business and raising kids (including a supermodel).

More profile about the speaker
Robin Chase | Speaker | TED.com