ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."

Why you should listen

Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.

Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.

More profile about the speaker
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Geoff Mulgan: A short intro to the Studio School

Geoff Mulgan:對學徒學校的簡短介紹

Filmed:
760,424 views

有些孩子透過聽講來學習,有些透過實作。Geoff Mulgan像我們簡單的介紹了什麼是學徒學校,位於英國的一種新型態學校,於其中,孩子們分作小團體研習於某些項目,這些項目就如同Mulgan所言,是來真的。
- Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
What I want to talk about today今天 is one idea理念.
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我今天要講的是一個概念
00:18
It's an idea理念 for a new kind of school學校,
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新型態的學校
00:20
which哪一個 turns on its head much of our conventional常規 thinking思維
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這樣的學校扭轉了我們關於
00:23
about what schools學校 are for and how they work.
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學校的樣貌及學校如何運作的傳統想法
00:25
And it might威力 just be coming未來 to a neighborhood鄰里 near you soon不久.
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它說不定即將在你的社區中出現
00:28
Where it comes from
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這個想法是從
00:30
is an organization組織 called the Young年輕 Foundation基礎,
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一個叫做青年基金會的組織而來
00:32
which哪一個, over many許多 decades幾十年,
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這個組織,在過去的數十年
00:34
has come up with many許多 innovations創新 in education教育, like the Open打開 University大學
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想出很多教育上的革新點子,例如開放式大學計畫
00:37
and things like Extended擴展 Schools學校,
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以及延長學校
00:39
Schools學校 for Social社會 Entrepreneurs企業家, Summer夏季 Universities高校
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社會創業學校,夏季學院
00:42
and the School學校 of Everything.
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開放式學習/教學系統
00:44
And about five years年份 ago, we asked
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大約五年前,我們問了
00:46
what was the most important重要 need for innovation革新
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對於英國教育來說
00:48
in schooling教育 here in the U.K.
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最迫切的革新是什麼
00:51
And we felt the most important重要 priority優先
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我們發現
00:53
was to bring帶來 together一起 two sets of problems問題.
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亟待解決的問題有兩者
00:55
One was large numbers數字 of bored無聊 teenagers青少年
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一,是廣大的慘綠少年
00:57
who just didn't like school學校,
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他們對上學提不起勁
00:59
couldn't不能 see any relationship關係 between之間 what they learned學到了 in school學校
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且對於在學校裡頭所學之事物和未來工作之間
01:01
and future未來 jobs工作.
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看不見關聯性
01:03
And employers雇主 who kept不停 complaining抱怨的
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二,是那些不斷抱怨畢業生
01:05
that the kids孩子 coming未來 out of school學校 weren't actually其實 ready準備 for real真實 work,
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尚未真正做好就業準備
01:08
didn't have the right attitudes態度 and experience經驗.
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且不具備工作應有之態度和經驗的雇主們
01:10
And so we try to ask:
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於是我們捫心自問
01:12
What kind of school學校 would have the teenagers青少年 fighting戰鬥 to get in,
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什麼樣的學校能吸引青少年競相申請
01:14
not fighting戰鬥 to stay out?
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而不是費盡力氣避開?
01:17
And after hundreds數以百計 of conversations對話
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在數百場與青少年,教師們
01:19
with teenagers青少年 and teachers教師 and parents父母
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家長們,與雇主們
01:21
and employers雇主 and schools學校
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和學校單位的討論之後
01:23
from Paraguay巴拉圭 to Australia澳大利亞,
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從巴拉圭到澳洲
01:25
and looking at some of the academic學術的 research研究,
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參考許多討論到這些議題的學術文獻
01:27
which哪一個 showed顯示 the importance重要性
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裡頭提到了非認知技能的重要
01:29
of what's now called non-cognitive非認知 skills技能 --
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所謂非認知技能
01:31
the skills技能 of motivation動機, resilience彈性 --
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是指動機,面對挫折的忍受力
01:34
and that these are as important重要
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和其他與認知技能
01:36
as the cognitive認知 skills技能 -- formal正式 academic學術的 skills技能 --
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例如學業表現,同等重要的能力
01:38
we came來了 up with an answer回答, a very simple簡單 answer回答 in a way,
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我們想到面對上述問題的解答,一個非常容易的答案
01:41
which哪一個 we called the Studio工作室 School學校.
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我們稱之為學徒學校
01:43
And we called it a studio工作室 school學校
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它之所以被稱作學徒學校
01:45
to go back to the original原版的 idea理念 of a studio工作室 in the Renaissance再生
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主要是借用文藝復興時期
01:49
where work and learning學習 are integrated集成.
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學習和工作融合的概念
01:51
You work by learning學習,
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透過工作而學習
01:53
and you learn學習 by working加工.
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而且為了學習而工作
01:55
And the design設計 we came來了 up with had the following以下 characteristics特點.
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學徒學校有以下幾個特徵:
01:58
First of all, we wanted small schools學校 --
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首先,我們需要的是小型的學校
02:00
about 300, 400 pupils學生 --
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大約三百到四百名學生即可
02:02
14 to 19 year-olds歲的孩子,
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這些學生約莫在十四到十九歲之間
02:04
and critically危重, about 80 percent百分 of the curriculum課程 doneDONE
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最重要的是,百分之八十的課程學習
02:07
not through通過 sitting坐在 in classrooms教室,
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並不是單單坐在教室裡頭
02:09
but through通過 real-life現實生活, practical實際的 projects項目,
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而是透過現實生活,實習
02:11
working加工 on commission佣金
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實際的銷售給
02:13
to businesses企業, NGO's非政府組織 and others其他.
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企業,非政府組織與其他組織
02:15
That every一切 pupil瞳孔 would have a coach教練, as well as teachers教師,
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每個孩子都會有個督導者,也就是老師
02:18
who would have timetables時間表
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他們手上有著時程表
02:20
much more like a work environment環境 in a business商業.
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符合實際的工作環境
02:22
And all of this will be doneDONE within the public上市 system系統,
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並且,這個學校屬於公共的系統
02:24
funded資助 by public上市 money,
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資金來自於公基金
02:26
but independently獨立地 run.
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但獨立運作
02:28
And all at no extra額外 cost成本, no selection選擇,
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並且不另外收費用,不甄選
02:31
and allowing允許 the pupils學生 the route路線 into university大學,
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孩子們可以直接以此申請大學
02:34
even if many許多 of them would want to become成為 entrepreneurs企業家
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即使是那些想要成為
02:37
and have manual手冊 jobs工作 as well.
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技職創業者的亦可申請
02:39
Underlying標的 it was some very simple簡單 ideas思路
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在這個體系當中有幾個簡單的概念
02:42
that large numbers數字 of teenagers青少年 learn學習 best最好 by doing things,
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極大多數的青少年的學習效率在實作
02:45
they learn學習 best最好 in teams球隊
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與團體中最高
02:47
and they learn學習 best最好 by doing things for real真實 --
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於是,他們透過實習--
02:50
all the opposite對面 of what mainstream主流 schooling教育
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與主流教學方式大相逕庭的學習法--
02:52
actually其實 does.
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的學習效果最好
02:54
Now that was a nice不錯 idea理念,
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這是個很棒的點子
02:56
so we moved移動 into the rapid快速 prototyping原型 phase.
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所以我們進入了試辦階段
02:59
We tried試著 it out,
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我們嘗試
03:01
first in Luton盧頓 --
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先在盧頓試辦--
03:03
famous著名 for its airport飛機場 and not much else其他, I fear恐懼 --
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這個當地以機場而聞名的地方,恐怕也只是因為那裡有個機場--
03:05
and in Blackpool布萊克浦 -- famous著名 for its beaches海灘 and leisure閒暇.
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和在黑池試辦--那裡因為海灘和悠閒而聞名
03:08
And what we found發現 -- and we got quite相當 a lot of things wrong錯誤
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我們發現,並且找出了我們原先計畫所不足之處
03:10
and then improved改善 them --
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並補強修正
03:12
but we found發現 that the young年輕 people loved喜愛 it.
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但年輕人很喜歡這種方式
03:14
They found發現 it much more motivational動機, much more exciting扣人心弦
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他們認為此種方式更能鼓勵他們
03:17
than traditional傳統 education教育.
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而且比傳統教育方法更令人興奮
03:19
And perhaps也許 most important重要 of all,
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最重要的是
03:21
two years年份 later後來 when the exam考試 results結果 came來了 through通過,
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在兩年之後的考試放榜
03:24
the pupils學生 who had been put on these field領域 trials試驗
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這些接受試教的孩子們
03:26
who were in the lowest最低 performing執行 groups
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雖然一度在群組裡被分為低成就表現,
03:28
had jumped跳下 right to the top最佳 --
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他們在最後表現的最好。
03:30
in fact事實, pretty漂亮 much at the top最佳 decile等分 of performance性能
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事實上,有許多原本表現很好的孩子們,
03:33
in terms條款 of GCSE'sGCSE的,
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在大學入學考試當中銷聲匿跡,
03:35
which哪一個 is the British英國的 marking印記 system系統.
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這就是大學考試的評分機制。
03:38
Now not surprisingly出奇,
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現在,毫不令人驚訝的,
03:40
that influenced影響 some people to think we were onto something.
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這個過程影響了許多人,認為我們能夠做一番事業,
03:43
The minister部長 of education教育
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管轄倫敦南部的
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down south in London倫敦
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教育局長
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described描述 himself他自己 as a "big fan風扇."
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就形容他自己是我們的大粉絲,
03:49
And the business商業 organizations組織 thought we were onto something
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有些企業組織也認為我們能夠
03:52
in terms條款 of a way of preparing準備 children孩子 much better
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幫助孩子們更好的準備其將來就業
03:54
for real-life現實生活 work today今天.
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面對現今的工作挑戰
03:56
And indeed確實, the head of the Chambers錢伯斯 of Commerce商業
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商業總會會長
03:58
is now the chairman主席 of the Studio工作室 Schools學校 Trust相信
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現在是我們的學徒學校基金會的主席
04:01
and helping幫助 it, not just with big businesses企業,
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他幫助我們,不只是和大企業合作
04:04
but small businesses企業 all over the country國家.
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也和國內的中小企業合作
04:07
We started開始 with two schools學校.
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我們已經設了兩所學校
04:09
That's grown長大的 this year to about 10.
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並打算在今年拓展到十所
04:11
And next下一個 year, we're expecting期待 about 35 schools學校
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明年我們期待能在整個英格蘭地區辦學
04:14
open打開 across橫過 England英國,
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將數量提升到三十五所
04:16
and another另一個 40 areas
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因為還有四十個地方
04:18
want to have their own擁有 schools學校 opening開盤 --
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由於這個概念的迅速傳播
04:20
a pretty漂亮 rapid快速 spread傳播
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而也想要擁有同樣的學校
04:22
of this idea理念.
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而也想要擁有同樣的學校
04:24
Interestingly有趣的是,
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有趣的是
04:26
it's happened發生 almost幾乎 entirely完全 without media媒體 coverage覆蓋.
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沒有媒體的報導,這個概念就自然而然的散播開來
04:29
It's happened發生 almost幾乎 entirely完全 without big money behind背後 it.
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也沒有大量的金錢支持
04:33
It spread傳播 almost幾乎 entirely完全 through通過 word of mouth, virally病毒,
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這個概念就像流感一樣在一個月以內散佈在
04:37
across橫過 teachers教師, parents父母,
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老師,家長
04:39
people involved參與 in education教育.
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和教育有關的人們之間
04:41
And it spread傳播 because of the power功率 of an idea理念 --
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因為這個關於改變舊有教育方式的簡潔概念
04:43
so the very, very simple簡單 idea理念
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力量是如此之大
04:45
about turning車削 education教育 on its head
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所以它才會以這種方式傳播
04:47
and putting the things which哪一個 were marginal邊緣,
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這個概念同時也將原本不受重視的事物
04:50
things like working加工 in teams球隊, doing practical實際的 projects項目,
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例如說團隊合作,實作
04:53
and putting them right at the heart of learning學習,
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不再邊緣化之
04:56
rather than on the edges邊緣.
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而是放到了學習的核心
04:59
Now there's a whole整個 set of new schools學校
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現在將會有一整套的新學校們
05:01
opening開盤 up this autumn秋季.
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將在這個秋天開幕
05:03
This is one from Yorkshire約克郡
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有一所正位於約克郡
05:05
where, in fact事實, my nephew外甥, I hope希望, will be able能夠 to attend出席 it.
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而事實上,我姪子也即將在那裡入學
05:08
And this one is focused重點
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這一所主要是將焦點放在
05:10
on creative創作的 and media媒體 industries行業.
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創意和媒體產業
05:12
Other ones那些 have a focus焦點 on health健康 care關心,
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其他將會注重健康照護
05:14
tourism旅遊, engineering工程
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觀光,工程
05:16
and other fields領域.
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和其他領域
05:18
We think we're onto something.
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我想我們能夠做一番事
05:20
It's not perfect完善 yet然而,
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現在還未臻完美
05:22
but we think this is one idea理念
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但我們認為這就是那個
05:24
which哪一個 can transform轉變 the lives生活
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能夠改變數千,或者數百萬
05:26
of thousands數千, possibly或者 millions百萬, of teenagers青少年
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對學校不感興趣的
05:28
who are really bored無聊 by schooling教育.
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青少年們的生活
05:30
It doesn't animate活躍 them.
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這不是把他們變成木偶一樣
05:32
They're not like all of you who can sit in rows
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他們並不會呆坐在教室裡
05:35
and hear things said to you for hour小時 after hour小時.
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聽著一個又一個小時的講課
05:38
They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,
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他們要的是付諸實行,把他們的手弄髒
05:41
they want education教育 to be for real真實.
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他們要的是,真正的教育
05:44
And my hope希望 is that some of you out there
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我希望在座的各位
05:46
may可能 be able能夠 to help us.
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或許能夠幫助我們
05:48
We feel we're on the beginning開始 of a journey旅程
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我們就像正在一場旅程的開端
05:51
of experiment實驗 and improvement起色
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這場旅途具有實驗性和進步的可能
05:53
to turn the Studio工作室 School學校 idea理念
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能夠將學徒學校這個想法實行得
05:55
into something which哪一個 is present當下,
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更符合各地現實
05:58
not as a universal普遍 answer回答 for every一切 child兒童,
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這並非對每個孩子都能適用
06:00
but at least最小 as an answer回答 for some children孩子 in every一切 part部分 of the world世界.
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但或許能夠用於某些孩子身上
06:03
And I hope希望 that a few少數 of you at least最小 can help us make that happen發生.
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我希望在座有些人,能夠幫助我們讓這件事情完成
06:06
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝各位
06:08
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Victoria Pai
Reviewed by Joyce Chou

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."

Why you should listen

Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.

Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.

More profile about the speaker
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com