TED2015
Elora Hardy: Magical houses, made of bamboo
伊蘿拉•哈迪: 竹子建造的魔法屋
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你一定沒看過這樣的建築。令人驚嘆的竹製房子是由伊蘿拉•哈迪和她的團隊在峇里島建造。編織、曲線，處處充滿驚奇。因為竹子的質地變幻莫測，因此他們打破傳統。沒有任二根竹子是相似的，所以每一個住家、橋梁和浴室都獨一無二。在這美好、讓人身如其境的演講中，她分享了竹子的潛能不僅是永續資源，而且能激發想像力。她說：「我們應該建立我們自己的規則。」
Elora Hardy - Sustainable designer
Cultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali. Full bio
Cultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was nine years old,
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在我九歲那年，
00:14
my mom asked me what I would want
my house to look like,
my house to look like,
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我媽媽問我
將來想要什麼樣的房子，
將來想要什麼樣的房子，
00:18
and I drew this fairy mushroom.
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我畫了這個童話般的蘑菇屋。
00:20
And then she actually built it.
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而她真的蓋了這樣的房子。
00:23
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:25
I don't think I realized
this was so unusual at the time,
this was so unusual at the time,
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我想我當時沒發現這個有多特別，
00:28
and maybe I still haven't,
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也許我依然還沒完全理解，
00:29
because I'm still designing houses.
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因為我現在仍不斷在設計房屋，
00:35
This is a six-story bespoke home
on the island of Bali.
on the island of Bali.
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這是一棟在峇里島
六層樓訂製的房子。
六層樓訂製的房子。
00:38
It's built almost entirely from bamboo.
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它幾乎完全是用竹子打造而成。
00:42
The living room overlooks the valley
from the fourth floor.
from the fourth floor.
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客廳位於四樓，可以鳥瞰山谷。
00:46
You enter the house by a bridge.
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房子的入口是一座橋。
00:50
It can get hot in the tropics,
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熱帶地區通常很熱，
00:52
so we make big curving roofs
to catch the breezes.
to catch the breezes.
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所以我們製造出巨大的曲簷
讓風進入房子。
讓風進入房子。
00:57
But some rooms have tall windows
to keep the air conditioning in
to keep the air conditioning in
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有些房間有高高的窗戶
可讓空氣流通，
可讓空氣流通，
01:01
and the bugs out.
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同時隔絕蚊蟲。
01:05
This room we left open.
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這房間是開放的。
01:07
We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.
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我們做了一個
可以讓空氣流通的帳篷床。
可以讓空氣流通的帳篷床。
01:10
And one client wanted a TV room
in the corner of her living room.
in the corner of her living room.
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還有一位客戶想要在
客廳的角落做一間電視房。
客廳的角落做一間電視房。
01:14
Boxing off an area with tall walls
just didn't feel right,
just didn't feel right,
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把一個區域用高牆
隔成許多小房間蠻奇怪的，
隔成許多小房間蠻奇怪的，
01:18
so instead, we made this giant woven pod.
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所以我們做了這個巨大的竹編隔間。
01:24
Now, we do have all the necessary
luxuries, like bathrooms.
luxuries, like bathrooms.
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還做了所有必要的設施，例如浴室。
01:28
This one is a basket
in the corner of the living room,
in the corner of the living room,
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這是客廳角落的籃子，
01:32
and I've got tell you, some people
actually hesitate to use it.
actually hesitate to use it.
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我得告訴你們，
有些人不願意住這種房子。
有些人不願意住這種房子。
01:36
We have not quite figured out
our acoustic insulation.
our acoustic insulation.
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我們還沒有解決隔音問題。
01:39
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:41
So there are lots of things
that we're still working on,
that we're still working on,
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所以我們還在努力解決一些問題，
01:44
but one thing I have learned
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不過我學會一件事
01:46
is that bamboo will treat you well
if you use it right.
if you use it right.
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就是，如果正確使用，
竹子也會善待你。
竹子也會善待你。
01:50
It's actually a wild grass.
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竹子實際上是一種野草。
01:52
It grows on otherwise unproductive land --
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它生長在貧瘠的土地上：
01:55
deep ravines, mountainsides.
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深谷裡，山坡上。
01:59
It lives off of rainwater,
spring water, sunlight,
spring water, sunlight,
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它靠雨水、泉水、陽光生長，
02:03
and of the 1,450 species of bamboo
that grow across the world,
that grow across the world,
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全世界有 1,450 種竹子，
02:08
we use just seven of them.
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我們只使用其中 7 種。
02:10
That's my dad.
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這是我父親。
02:12
He's the one who got me
building with bamboo,
building with bamboo,
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他就是那個影響我、
讓我用竹子建造房子的人，
讓我用竹子建造房子的人，
02:14
and he is standing in a clump
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他正站在一叢
02:16
of Dendrocalamus asper niger
that he planted just seven years ago.
that he planted just seven years ago.
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馬來甜龍竹林裡，
那是他七年前種的。
那是他七年前種的。
02:20
Each year, it sends up
a new generation of shoots.
a new generation of shoots.
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每年，它都長出全新的竹筍。
02:23
That shoot, we watched it grow a meter
in three days just last week,
in three days just last week,
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這竹筍，上週我們看到它
三天內長高一公尺，
三天內長高一公尺，
02:28
so we're talking about sustainable
timber in three years.
timber in three years.
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所以三年內
這些竹子就能成為可用的建材。
這些竹子就能成為可用的建材。
02:35
Now, we harvest from hundreds
of family-owned clumps.
of family-owned clumps.
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現在我們從數百家
自有的竹林取得建材。
自有的竹林取得建材。
02:38
Betung, as we call it, it's really long,
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我們叫它勿洞竹，它相當長，
02:41
up to 18 meters of usable length.
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可用部分長達 18 公尺。
02:42
Try getting that truck down the mountain.
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我們試圖用貨車把它載下山去。
02:45
And it's strong: it has
the tensile strength of steel,
the tensile strength of steel,
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它很堅固，
有鋼鐵般的抗拉强度，
有鋼鐵般的抗拉强度，
02:49
the compressive strength of concrete.
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抗壓强度與水泥相同。
02:51
Slam four tons straight down on a pole,
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以四噸重的力道
直接沖擊一根竹子，
直接沖擊一根竹子，
02:54
and it can take it.
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它也能夠承受。
02:57
Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,
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因爲它是空心的，重量輕，
03:00
light enough to be lifted
by just a few men,
by just a few men,
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輕到幾個男人就能擡起來，
03:03
or, apparently, one woman.
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或者，顯而易見，
一個女人就能擡起來。
一個女人就能擡起來。
03:06
(Laughter) (Applause)
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（笑聲）（掌聲）
03:14
And when my father
built Green School in Bali,
built Green School in Bali,
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當我的父親
在巴里島建造「綠色學校」時，
在巴里島建造「綠色學校」時，
03:18
he chose bamboo for all
of the buildings on campus,
of the buildings on campus,
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他選用竹子作爲建造校園的建材，
03:21
because he saw it as a promise.
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因爲他把它看成是一個承諾。
03:23
It's a promise to the kids.
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一個對孩子們許下的諾言。
03:25
It's one sustainable material
that they will not run out of.
that they will not run out of.
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竹子是一種可持續使用的材料，
不會用完。
不會用完。
03:30
And when I first saw these structures
under construction about six years ago,
under construction about six years ago,
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當我六年前
第一次看見這些建造中的結構時，
第一次看見這些建造中的結構時，
03:34
I just thought, this makes perfect sense.
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我就明白這完全可行。
03:38
It is growing all around us.
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竹子無處不在。
03:40
It's strong. It's elegant.
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它很結實，又很優雅。
03:43
It's earthquake-resistant.
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它還能抗震。
03:45
Why hasn't this happened sooner,
and what can we do with it next?
and what can we do with it next?
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爲什麽沒有早一點用竹子建房屋，
下一步要怎麼做？
下一步要怎麼做？
03:49
So along with some of
the original builders of Green School,
the original builders of Green School,
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於是我和當初的綠色學校建造者
03:54
I founded Ibuku.
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成立 Ibuku。
03:56
Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine,"
so it represents my Mother Earth,
so it represents my Mother Earth,
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Ibu 是「母親」，ku 是
「我的」 的意思，意即大地母親，
「我的」 的意思，意即大地母親，
04:02
and at Ibuku, we are a team
of artisans, architects and designers,
of artisans, architects and designers,
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在 Ibuku，我們是工匠、
建築師和設計師的團隊，
建築師和設計師的團隊，
04:07
and what we're doing together
is creating a new way of building.
is creating a new way of building.
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一起創造一個全新的建造方式。
04:12
Over the past five years together,
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在過去的五年裡，
04:14
we have built over 50 unique structures,
most of them in Bali.
most of them in Bali.
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我們建造超過五十棟獨特的建築，
大部分是在峇里島。
大部分是在峇里島。
04:20
Nine of them are at Green Village --
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其中九座在「綠色村莊」
04:23
you've just seen inside
some of these homes --
some of these homes --
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──你們剛剛看到的是
房屋内部的照片──
房屋内部的照片──
04:26
and we fill them with bespoke furniture,
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裡面放置訂製的家具，
04:30
we surround them with veggie gardens,
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房屋四周設置蔬菜花園，
04:32
we would love to invite you all
to come visit someday.
to come visit someday.
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我們誠摯邀請各位
將來有機會來參觀。
將來有機會來參觀。
04:35
And while you're there,
you can also see Green School --
you can also see Green School --
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當你到那裡，
你也可以看到綠色學校，
你也可以看到綠色學校，
04:38
we keep building
classrooms there each year --
classrooms there each year --
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我們每年持續不斷地搭建教室，
04:41
as well as an updated
fairy mushroom house.
fairy mushroom house.
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還蓋了升級版的童話蘑菇屋。
04:46
We're also working on
a little house for export.
a little house for export.
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我們也建造一種專供出口的房子。
04:49
This is a traditional Sumbanese home
that we replicated,
that we replicated,
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這是我們建造的傳統松巴屋，
04:53
right down to the details and textiles.
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細節和紋路都很精緻的複製房屋。
04:57
A restaurant
with an open-air kitchen.
with an open-air kitchen.
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開放式厨房的餐廳。
05:01
It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?
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看起來像厨房，對吧？
05:04
And a bridge that spans
22 meters across a river.
22 meters across a river.
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還建了一座橫跨江面的橋，
有 22 公尺長。
有 22 公尺長。
05:09
Now, what we're doing,
it's not entirely new.
it's not entirely new.
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我們所做的
並不完全是新東西。
並不完全是新東西。
05:13
From little huts to elaborate bridges
like this one in Java,
like this one in Java,
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從小房子到複雜的橋梁，
就像爪哇的這座橋，
就像爪哇的這座橋，
05:18
bamboo has been in use across
the tropical regions of the world
the tropical regions of the world
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竹子普遍使用於熱帶地區。
05:21
for literally tens of thousands of years.
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至今已有千萬年之久。
05:24
There are islands and even continents
that were first reached by bamboo rafts.
that were first reached by bamboo rafts.
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有些島嶼甚至還有大陸
是人們乘坐竹筏發現的。
是人們乘坐竹筏發現的。
05:30
But until recently,
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但直到最近，
05:32
it was almost impossible to reliably
protect bamboo from insects,
protect bamboo from insects,
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人們幾乎無法找到
有效的竹材防蟲方法，
有效的竹材防蟲方法，
05:37
and so, just about everything
that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.
that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.
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因此，以竹子做的東西已不存在。
05:42
Unprotected bamboo weathers.
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竹子沒有被保護
經風吹日曬受風化。
經風吹日曬受風化。
05:44
Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.
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未經處理的竹材
被腐蝕成為塵土。
被腐蝕成為塵土。
05:48
And so that's why most people,
especially in Asia,
especially in Asia,
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這就是為什麼大部分的人，
尤其是亞洲人，
尤其是亞洲人，
05:51
think that you couldn't be poor enough
or rural enough to actually want
or rural enough to actually want
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即使很窮或是在很鄉下的地方，
05:55
to live in a bamboo house.
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也沒人願意住在竹子建造的房子。
05:58
And so we thought,
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所以我們想，
05:59
what will it take to change their minds,
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要如何改變人們的想法，
06:02
to convince people
that bamboo is worth building with,
that bamboo is worth building with,
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說服大家實際將竹子用在建築，
06:05
much less worth aspiring to?
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而不只是想？
06:08
First, we needed safe treatment solutions.
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首先，我們要有安全的防蟲方式。
06:11
Borax is a natural salt.
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硼砂是一種天然的鹽。
06:13
It turns bamboo into
a viable building material.
a viable building material.
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它能將竹子加工成可用的建材。
06:15
Treat it properly, design it carefully,
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正確的處理方法，仔細地設計，
06:18
and a bamboo structure
can last a lifetime.
can last a lifetime.
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竹造建築可用一輩子。
06:22
Second, build something
extraordinary out of it.
extraordinary out of it.
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第二，用竹子建造特別的房子。
06:26
Inspire people.
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去啟發人們。
06:28
Fortunately,
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幸運的是，
06:29
Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship.
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峇里人扶植手工藝文化。
06:31
It values the artisan.
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工匠受到尊重。
06:33
So combine those
with the adventurous outliers
with the adventurous outliers
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因此要結合出類拔萃、有創意、
06:35
from new generations
of locally trained architects
of locally trained architects
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當地新生代的建築師、
06:39
and designers and engineers,
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設計師和工程師，
06:42
and always remember that you are designing
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並記住你要設計的
06:45
for curving, tapering, hollow poles.
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是彎曲、尖細、空心的竹子。
06:49
No two poles alike, no straight lines,
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沒有兩根是一樣的，沒有直線條，
06:52
no two-by-fours here.
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這裡沒有方正的木材。
06:55
The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas
and vocabulary of architecture
and vocabulary of architecture
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經驗法則、
精心設計的公式和建築術語，
精心設計的公式和建築術語，
07:00
do not apply here.
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這裡通通不適用。
07:01
We have had to invent our own rules.
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我們要建立自己的規則。
07:03
We ask the bamboo what it's good at,
what it wants to become,
what it wants to become,
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我們問竹子它們能做什麼，
想要做什麼，
想要做什麼，
07:08
and what it says is: respect it,
design for its strengths,
design for its strengths,
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它的回答是：尊重它們，
將它們的優點設計出來，
將它們的優點設計出來，
07:12
protect it from water,
and to make the most of its curves.
and to make the most of its curves.
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做好防水，
運用它們的曲線特性。
運用它們的曲線特性。
07:16
So we design in real 3D,
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所以我們用真的三度空間設計，
07:18
making scale structural models
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依比例製作結構模型，
07:20
out of the same material
that we'll later use to build the house.
that we'll later use to build the house.
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模型的材質
與實際建築物相同。
與實際建築物相同。
07:23
And bamboo model-making, it's an art,
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而製作竹子模型也是一門藝術，
07:25
as well as some hardcore engineering.
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也是工程的核心部分。
07:34
So that's the blueprint of the house.
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這是房子的藍圖。
07:36
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:39
And we bring it to site,
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我們將它帶到工地現場，
07:40
and with tiny rulers,
we measure each pole,
we measure each pole,
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用小的尺量測每一根竹子，
07:43
and consider each curve, and we choose
a piece of bamboo from the pile
a piece of bamboo from the pile
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考量每一個曲線，
選擇適當的竹材
選擇適當的竹材
07:48
to replicate that house on site.
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在現場將房子複製出來。
07:52
When it comes down to the details,
we consider everything.
we consider everything.
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在細節部分，
我們考慮的面面俱到。
我們考慮的面面俱到。
07:55
Why are doors so often rectangular?
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為何門非得方形不可？
07:57
Why not round?
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可以是圓的嗎？
07:58
How could you make a door better?
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要怎麼做才能把門做得更好？
08:00
Well, its hinges battle with gravity,
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它的樞軸往往得和重力抗衡，
08:02
and gravity will always win in the end,
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最後總是重力贏。
08:04
so why not have it pivot on the center
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為什麼不把樞軸設置在中間
08:07
where it can stay balanced?
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使它保持平衡的狀態？
08:09
And while you're at it,
why not doors shaped like teardrops?
why not doors shaped like teardrops?
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當你做出圓形門，
為何不能有水滴形的門？
為何不能有水滴形的門？
08:14
To reap the selective benefits
and work within the constraints
and work within the constraints
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為了獲得精心設計的好處
08:17
of this material,
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以及在材質性能的限制下，
08:19
we have really had to push ourselves,
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我們必須往前邁進，
08:21
and within that constraint,
we have found space for something new.
we have found space for something new.
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在材料的限制下，不斷創新。
08:27
It's a challenge: how
do you make a ceiling
do you make a ceiling
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這是一項挑戰：
在沒有平坦板子的情況下
在沒有平坦板子的情況下
08:29
if you don't have any
flat boards to work with?
flat boards to work with?
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要如何蓋屋頂？
08:32
Let me tell you, sometimes I dream
of sheet rock and plywood.
of sheet rock and plywood.
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讓我來告訴各位，有時
我會夢到石膏板和夾板。
我會夢到石膏板和夾板。
08:37
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:39
But if what you've got
is skilled craftsmen
is skilled craftsmen
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如果你有技巧精湛的工匠
08:43
and itsy bitsy little splits,
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和小巧玲瓏的竹片，
08:46
weave that ceiling together,
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就可以用它來編成屋頂，
08:48
stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.
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上面鋪上帆布，上油漆。
08:51
How do you design durable
kitchen countertops
kitchen countertops
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要如何設計耐用的櫥房檯面，
08:54
that do justice to this curving
structure you've just built?
structure you've just built?
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對它做適當的處理
可與這曲面的建築相對應？
可與這曲面的建築相對應？
08:57
Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,
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將大石頭像麵包一樣切片，
09:00
hand-carve each to fit the other,
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手工打造使它們互相契合，
09:03
leave the crusts on,
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保留硬的表面，
09:05
and what we're doing,
it is almost entirely handmade.
it is almost entirely handmade.
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我們所做的房子，
幾乎都是以手工完成。
幾乎都是以手工完成。
09:09
The structural connections
of our buildings
of our buildings
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建築物的結構連接
09:11
are reinforced by steel joints, but we use
a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.
a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.
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是以鋼製接頭加強固定，
也採用大量手工製的竹栓。
也採用大量手工製的竹栓。
09:16
There are thousands of pins in each floor.
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每一層樓使用數千片竹栓。
09:20
This floor is made of glossy
and durable bamboo skin.
and durable bamboo skin.
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地板是以光滑耐用的竹皮製成。
09:25
You can feel the texture under bare feet.
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光腳就可以感覺得到材質。
09:28
And the floor that you walk on,
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走在這地板上，
09:31
can it affect the way that you walk?
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是否能影響你走路的方式？
09:33
Can it change the footprint
that you'll ultimately leave on the world?
that you'll ultimately leave on the world?
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你生活在這世界的足跡
是否因此而改變？
是否因此而改變？
09:38
I remember being nine years old
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我記得九歲的時候
09:40
and feeling wonder,
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充滿好奇心，
09:42
and possibility,
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覺得事情皆有其可能性，
09:44
and a little bit of idealism.
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還有一點點完美主義。
09:46
And we've got a really long way to go,
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我們還有很長的路要走，
09:49
there's a lot left to learn,
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還有很多事要學習，
09:51
but one thing I know is that
with creativity and commitment,
with creativity and commitment,
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但我了解有創造力和執行力，
09:56
you can create beauty and comfort
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就能創造美好、舒適、
10:01
and safety and even luxury
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安全，甚至是奢華的生活，
10:04
out of a material that will grow back.
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只要使用竹子這種
取之不盡的材料就可以了。
取之不盡的材料就可以了。
10:07
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:09
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elora Hardy - Sustainable designerCultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali.
Why you should listen
Growing up in Bali with two artist parents, Elora Hardy’s creativity led her to design prints for one of New York's biggest fashion houses. Then, in a dramatic shift, she moved back home and founded Ibuku, a team that builds bespoke homes made and furnished almost entirely of bamboo.
The strength of this abundant local grass allows for towering, curvilinear structures with a notable sense of luminosity and comfort. Ibuku builds on a design process and an engineering system that were first established at the nearby Green School. Five years ago, Elora and her team chose one humble material, and with it they are building a whole new world.
Elora Hardy | Speaker | TED.com