ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Akash Manoj - Inventor
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack.

Why you should listen

Akash Manoj lost his grandfather due to a silent heart attack when he was thirteen. Silent heart attacks strike at-risk patients who are affected by nerve damage. Unlike most teenagers, inspired by the intricacies of the problem, Manoj translated his emotions into social motivation and, eventually, into action. At the end of three years of research and experiments funded by the Government of India at various labs across India, including SRISTI-BIRAC, he developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. His method involves transcutaneously isolating, identifying, spectroscopically analyzing, and sensing elevation in the levels of a cardiac biomarker called h-FABP in realtime -- a process that significantly establishes a path to preventative cardiovascular healthcare. 

Manoj was awarded at the Intel ISEF 2018 and was conferred with the nation's highest honor (National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement | Gold Medallion) by the President of India.

More profile about the speaker
Akash Manoj | Speaker | TED.com
TED-Ed Weekend

Akash Manoj: A life-saving device that detects silent heart attacks

阿卡希.馬諾吉: 能夠偵測沉默心臟病發作的救命裝置

Filmed:
1,819,530 views

心臟病的常見症狀你可能都知道:胸痛、手臂病、呼吸短促、疲累。但有一種常見的心臟病,同樣致命,卻更難偵測,因為它的症狀都無聲無息。在這場簡短的演講中,十七歲的發明家阿卡希.馬諾吉分享了他開發的裝置,用來阻止這沉默的殺手:一種非侵入式、不昂貴、可穿戴的貼布,用來在緊急時刻警告病人,造成生與死的不同。
- Inventor
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When I was 13,
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我十三歲時,
00:14
I lost丟失 my grandfather祖父
to a silent無聲 heart attack攻擊.
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我的祖父因為無症狀的
沉默心臟病過世。
00:18
What happened發生 to be more
shocking觸目驚心 was that at 75,
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更讓人震驚的是,在七十五歲時,
00:22
grandpa爺爺 was really normal正常,
healthy健康 and energetic有活力,
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祖父都非常正常、健康、活力旺盛。
00:26
but he was diabetic糖尿病患者.
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但他有糖尿病。
00:29
Learning學習 all of this was so painful痛苦
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得知這些,讓我非常痛苦,
00:32
that I decided決定 to go out on a war戰爭
against反對 this deadly致命 killer兇手
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所以我決定要發起一場戰爭,
對抗這致命的殺手,
00:36
and see what could be doneDONE.
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看看能夠做些什麼。
00:38
It was shocking觸目驚心 to discover發現
the results結果 of recent最近 studies學習
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我有個震驚的發現,
近期研究的結果
00:42
that have shown顯示 an estimate估計
of nearly幾乎 eight million百萬 people
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指出估計每年有近八百萬的人
00:46
who die from heart attacks攻擊 every一切 year.
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因為心臟病而死。
00:49
Heart attacks攻擊 occur發生 for many許多 reasons原因,
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心臟病的原因很多,
00:52
but most often經常, they occur發生
when arteries動脈 get clogged堵塞,
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但最常見的是因為動脈阻塞,
00:57
blood血液 flow is cut off
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血液無法通過,
00:58
and oxygen-starved缺氧 cells細胞
in the heart muscles肌肉 start開始 to die.
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心臟肌肉中需要
氧氣的細胞開始死亡。
01:02
You may可能 know the common共同
symptoms症狀 of a heart attack攻擊:
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心臟病的常見症狀
你們可能都知道:
01:05
chest胸部 pain疼痛, arm pain疼痛, shortness短小
of breath呼吸, fatigue疲勞, et cetera等等 ...
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胸痛、手臂病、
呼吸短促、疲累等等……
01:11
but there is a type類型 of heart attack攻擊
that is quite相當 common共同,
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但有一種常見的心臟病,
01:15
just as deadly致命,
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同樣致命,
01:17
but harder更難 to detect檢測
because the symptoms症狀 are silent無聲.
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卻更難偵測,因為
它的症狀都無聲無息。
01:22
People having silent無聲 heart attacks攻擊
just don't realize實現 what's happening事件,
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有沉默心臟病的人,
都不知道發生了什麼事,
01:28
so they're not seeking medical attention注意,
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所以他們不會就醫,
01:30
which哪一個 means手段 they're less likely容易
to receive接收 the treatment治療 that they need
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也就是說,在關鍵時刻,
他們比較不可能得到
他們需要的治療。
01:35
at the critical危急 moment時刻.
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01:38
And even if they do
get to the hospital醫院 by chance機會,
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就算他們剛好有去醫院,
01:41
either before or after
they are struck來襲 by a heart attack攻擊,
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不論是心臟病發作之前或之後,
01:45
they might威力 have to go through通過 one or more
of these time-consuming耗時的, expensive昂貴 tests測試
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他們仍然可能得要接受一項或多項
非常耗時、昂貴的檢測和治療,
01:51
and treatments治療,
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01:52
which哪一個 are currently目前 considered考慮
the gold standards標準
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這些是目前心臟病診斷的黃金標準。
01:54
of heart-attack心臟病發作 diagnosis診斷.
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01:57
The greater更大 concern關心, however然而,
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然而,更讓人擔憂的是,
01:59
is that these silent無聲 heart attacks攻擊
account帳戶 for nearly幾乎 45 percent百分
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所有的心臟病當中,
有近 45% 都是這種沉默心臟病。
02:03
of all heart attacks攻擊.
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02:05
Patients耐心 with diabetes糖尿病 and similar類似
disorders障礙 suffer遭受 from nerve神經 damage損傷
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有糖尿病和類似疾病的病人,
因為神經受損,
02:10
that prevents防止 them from feeling感覺
the sort分類 of pain疼痛
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不太容易會感受到這種痛苦,
02:13
that usually平時 signals信號 to someone有人
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這種痛苦通常卻是
02:15
that he or she may可能 be having
a heart attack攻擊.
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幫他們發現心臟病的訊號。
02:21
Which哪一個 means手段 they suffer遭受
the damage損傷 of a heart attack攻擊
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這就表示,他們受到心臟病的傷害,
02:24
without even knowing會心 or feeling感覺 anything.
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卻甚至不知情,或沒有感覺。
02:28
These already已經 at-risk有一定風險 patients耐心
suffer遭受 from nerve神經 damage損傷,
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這些已經有風險的病人
因為神經受損,
02:34
and they do not get
immediate即時 medical care關心.
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他們不會馬上去接受醫療照護。
02:38
They do not know anything before
an unlikely不會 event事件 is about to occur發生.
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在不太可能發生的事件發生之前,
他們什麼都不知道。
02:44
My grandfather祖父
was an at-risk有一定風險 patient患者, too.
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我的祖父也是有風險的病人。
02:48
I probed探測 this issue問題 further進一步 --
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我進一步探究了這個議題——
02:50
read as much as I could
to understand理解 the heart,
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盡可能讀各種資料來了解心臟,
02:53
met會見 researchers研究人員
and worked工作 across橫過 labs實驗室 in India印度.
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和研究者見面,
到印度的各實驗室工作。
02:58
And finally最後, after three long years年份
of persistent一貫 research研究,
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最後,在三年持續不懈的
漫長研究之後,
03:02
what I have to share分享 with the world世界 today今天
is a promising有希望 solution.
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今天我要與世界分享的
是一個很有前景的解決方案。
03:07
A noninvasive無創 device設備 that is inexpensive便宜,
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一個非侵入式的裝置,
它不昂貴、可攜帶、可穿戴,
03:11
portable手提, wearable穿戴式 by at-risk有一定風險
patients耐心 at all times.
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讓風險的病人隨時使用。
03:17
It greatly非常 reduces減少
the need for a blood血液 test測試
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它大大減少了血液檢測的需求,
03:20
and works作品 24/7, collecting蒐集
and analyzing分析 data數據 at preset預置 intervals間隔.
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不眠不休隨時都在運作,
依據預設的時間間隔
來收集並分析資料。
03:27
And all this data數據 is collected
for a single purpose目的:
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收集所有這些資料的目的只有一個:
03:31
detecting檢測 heart attacks攻擊 as they occur發生.
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偵測出心臟病發作。
03:35
This is a very promising有希望 solution
that might威力 help us in the future未來.
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這個解決方案的前景看好,
在未來可能會很有幫助。
03:41
You may可能 not know how intelligent智能
your heart really is.
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你們可能不知道
自己的心臟有多麼聰明。
03:45
It tries嘗試 to communicate通信 to your body身體
multiple times before failing失敗,
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它在衰竭之前會多次嘗試
和你的身體溝通,
03:50
by indicating說明 symptoms症狀 like chest胸部 pain疼痛.
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溝通方式是表現出如胸痛的症狀。
03:53
These symptoms症狀 are triggered觸發
when the heart loses失去 out
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當心臟沒有得到
富含氧氣的血流時,
03:57
on oxygen-rich富氧 blood血液 flow.
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就會觸發這些症狀。
04:00
But remember記得 I told you
about the nerve神經 damage損傷.
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但記得我剛說過的神經受損吧。
04:03
It silences沉默 these symptoms症狀
before a silent無聲 heart attack攻擊,
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它會壓下沉默心臟病
發作之前的這些症狀,
04:09
which哪一個 makes品牌 it even deadlier致命.
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讓沉默心臟病變得更致命。
04:13
And you may可能 not even know
the common共同 symptoms症狀.
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你可能甚至不知道這些常見的症狀。
04:17
Meanwhile與此同時, the heart also sends發送 out
certain某些 biomarkers生物標記物 --
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同時,心臟也會發送出
某些生物標記——
04:22
cardiac心臟的 biomarkers生物標記物 or proteins蛋白質
that are SOSSOS messages消息 --
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心臟的生物標記或是蛋白質,
這些都是求救訊號——
求救訊息號的形式——
04:27
in the form形成 of SOSSOS messages消息 --
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04:29
into your bloodstream血液,
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發送到你的血流中,
表示心臟現在風險很高。
04:30
indicating說明 that the heart is at risk風險.
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04:33
As it gets得到 riskier風險較高 and riskier風險較高,
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當風險越來越高時,
04:36
the concentrations濃度
of these cardiac心臟的 biomarker生物標記物 proteins蛋白質
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這些心臟生物標記蛋白質的濃度
04:39
keep increasing增加 abysmally糟糕的.
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會非常極劇地增加。
04:42
My device設備 solely獨自 relies依賴 on this data數據.
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我的裝置就是仰賴這些資料。
04:45
The key is that these cardiac心臟的
biomarkers生物標記物 are found發現
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關鍵在於能夠在心臟病
發作的早期階段之一
04:49
in one of the earliest最早
stages階段 of a heart attack攻擊,
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就發現這些心臟生物標記,
04:52
when someone有人 is almost幾乎 sure to survive生存
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那時如果病人馬上接受照護,
04:55
if he or she gets得到 prompt提示 care關心.
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幾乎可以肯定一定會活下來。
04:59
And my device設備 is solely獨自 based基於
on that basis基礎.
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這就是我的裝置的唯一基礎。
05:04
And here's這裡的 how my device設備 works作品.
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我的裝置是這樣運作的。
05:07
A silicon patch補丁 is worn磨損的 around your wrist
or placed放置 near your chest胸部.
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你的手腕上要戴著矽貼片,
或是放置在胸部附近。
05:12
Without沒有 having to prick your skin皮膚
for a biomarker生物標記物 blood血液 test測試,
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這個貼片不用刺穿你的皮膚
來做生物標記血液檢測,
05:17
this patch補丁 can spot, isolate隔離 and track跟踪
a heart-attack心臟病發作 specific具體 biomarker生物標記物
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它能夠發現、隔離,並追蹤
心臟病獨有的生物標記 H-FABP,
05:23
called H-FABPH-FABP,
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05:25
and alerts警報 you if and when it reaches到達
a critical危急 level水平 in your bloodstream血液 --
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當你的血液中的標記達到
危險標準時,它就會發出警告——
05:31
a process處理 that's much simpler簡單, easier更輕鬆
and cheaper便宜 than conventional常規 methods方法
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這個過程比一般慣用的
心臟病診斷方法
更簡單、容易、便宜。
05:37
of heart-attack心臟病發作 diagnosis診斷.
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05:41
By checking檢查 on biomarker生物標記物
concentration濃度 data數據,
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透過檢查生物標記濃度資料,
05:45
a system系統 like this,
with advanced高級 research研究 in the future未來,
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像這樣的系統再搭配
未來的先進研究,
05:49
could significantly顯著 reduce減少 the need
for an at-risk有一定風險 patient患者 to go to a doctor醫生
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就能顯著減少有風險的病人
去看醫生做生物標準
血液檢測的需求,
05:54
for a biomarker生物標記物 blood血液 test測試,
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05:55
because the device設備
could be worn磨損的 at all times,
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因為這個裝置可以隨時帶在身上,
05:59
sensing傳感 biomarker生物標記物 elevations海拔 in real真實 time.
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即時感測生物標記的濃度升高狀況。
06:03
Thus從而, if the device設備 senses感官 the biomarker生物標記物
levels水平 going beyond the critical危急 point,
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因此,如果裝置感測發現
生物標記超過了臨界值,
06:08
the at-risk有一定風險 patient患者 could be warned警告
of an impending即將到來的 cardiac心臟的 arrest逮捕
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它就會警告有風險的病人,
即將發生心跳停止,
06:13
and that he or she needs需求
immediate即時 medical attention注意.
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他/她需要立即就醫。
06:16
Although雖然 the device設備 may可能 not be able能夠
to provide提供 the patient患者
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雖然這個裝置可能還無法提供病人
06:20
with the complete完成 analysis分析
of the cardiac心臟的 injury,
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完整的心臟傷害分析,
06:23
it might威力 be of immense巨大 help
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光是可以提醒病人有危險,
06:25
in actually其實 indicating說明
that the patient患者 is in danger危險,
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就已經是很大的幫助,
06:29
so that the patient患者 can be alarmed驚慌
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病人就會有所警覺,
06:31
and know that immediate即時 care關心 is crucial關鍵.
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知道立即就醫的重要。
06:35
Every一切 at-risk有一定風險 patient患者 will now receive接收
more time to survive生存
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有風險的病人就會
有比較多的時間求生存,
06:40
and reach達到 out for medical help.
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去尋求醫療協助。
06:42
Consequently所以, they don't have to go
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因此,他們不用接受
06:45
for expensive昂貴 and invasive侵入的
medical treatments治療
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一般心臟病發作之後必須要做的
06:48
that would otherwise除此以外 be necessary必要
after a heart attack攻擊.
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昂貴侵入性治療。
06:52
When I got my device設備 tested測試
on at-risk有一定風險 patients耐心 under observation意見,
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我將我的裝置做了測試,
對象是在觀察中且有風險的病人,
06:56
results結果 from the clinical臨床 validation驗證 tests測試
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臨床驗證檢測的結果
06:59
certified認證 close to a 96 percent百分
accuracy準確性 and sensitivity靈敏度.
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證明了有近 96% 的
正確率和敏感度。
07:05
I intend打算 to make my device設備 available可得到
to people in two variants變種:
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我打算將我的裝置做成
兩種版本給大家使用:
07:09
one which哪一個 gives digital數字 analysis分析
of the biomarker生物標記物 levels水平
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一種可以針對生物標記量
做數位分析,
07:13
and a simpler簡單 version
for the people in rural鄉村 areas
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還有較簡單的版本
給鄉村地區的人使用,
07:15
which哪一個 simply只是 vibrates振動 when the biomarker生物標記物
levels水平 go beyond the critical危急 point.
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在生物標記超過
臨界點時就會震動。
07:20
When we look at our progress進展
in cardiac心臟的 health健康 care關心 today今天,
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現今我們在心臟
健康照護的進展上,
07:24
it is more of sick生病 care關心 than preventative預防
self-care自我護理 and technology技術.
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比較多著重在患病後的照護,
而非預防性的自我照顧和技術。
07:29
We literally按照字面 wait
for the heart attack攻擊 to occur發生
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2340
我們真的是在等心臟病發作,
07:31
and put our vast廣大 majority多數 of resources資源
into post-care後護理 treatment治療.
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將我們大部分的資源
都投入在後期照護治療。
07:35
But by then, irreversible不可逆轉 damage損傷
will already已經 be doneDONE.
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3846
但到那個時候,
不可逆的傷害已經發生。
07:41
I firmly牢牢 believe it's time
for us to rethink反思 medicine醫學.
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我堅信,該是我們
重新思考醫學的時候了。
07:44
We must必須 establish建立 proactive主動
health-care衛生保健 technologies技術.
119
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我們必須要建立
主動的健康照護技術。
07:48
A change更改 must必須 be brought out
not 10 years年份 from now,
120
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2845
我們必須要做出改變,
不是等十年後,
07:51
not five years年份 from now,
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1299
不是等五年後,
07:52
but today今天.
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1155
而是現在。
07:53
And so, hopefully希望, one day,
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2389
所以,希望有一天,
07:55
with the help of these devices設備,
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1766
在這些裝置的協助之下,
07:57
someone有人 else其他 won't慣於 lose失去
his or her grandfather祖父 just like I did.
125
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4512
別人不會像我這樣
失去他/她的祖父。
08:02
Thank you so much.
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1250
非常謝謝。
08:03
(Applause掌聲)
127
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1461
(掌聲)
08:05
Thank you.
128
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1873
謝謝。
08:06
(Applause掌聲)
129
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2007
(掌聲)
08:08
Thank you.
130
476976
1150
謝謝。
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Carol Wang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Akash Manoj - Inventor
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack.

Why you should listen

Akash Manoj lost his grandfather due to a silent heart attack when he was thirteen. Silent heart attacks strike at-risk patients who are affected by nerve damage. Unlike most teenagers, inspired by the intricacies of the problem, Manoj translated his emotions into social motivation and, eventually, into action. At the end of three years of research and experiments funded by the Government of India at various labs across India, including SRISTI-BIRAC, he developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. His method involves transcutaneously isolating, identifying, spectroscopically analyzing, and sensing elevation in the levels of a cardiac biomarker called h-FABP in realtime -- a process that significantly establishes a path to preventative cardiovascular healthcare. 

Manoj was awarded at the Intel ISEF 2018 and was conferred with the nation's highest honor (National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement | Gold Medallion) by the President of India.

More profile about the speaker
Akash Manoj | Speaker | TED.com