TED-Ed Weekend
Akash Manoj: A life-saving device that detects silent heart attacks
Akaš Manodž (Akash Manoj): Spasonosni uređaj koji detektuje tihe infarkte
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Verovatno znate koji su uobičajeni simptomi infarkta: bol u grudima i ruci, nedostatak daha i umor. Ali, postoji još jedna vrsta infarkta koja je jednako smrtonosna i teža za uočavanje jer su simptomi tihi. U ovom kratkom govoru, 17-godišnji pronalazač Akaš Manodž govori o uređaju koji je razvio kako bi zaustavio ovog tihog ubicu: neinvazivni, jeftini, nosivi zavoj koji upozorava pacijenta tokom kritičnog trenutka koji bi mogao da predstavlja razliku između života i smrti.
Akash Manoj - Inventor
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. Full bio
Akash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 13,
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Kada sam imao 13 godina,
00:14
I lost my grandfather
to a silent heart attack.
to a silent heart attack.
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izgubio sam dedu zbog tihog infarkta.
00:18
What happened to be more
shocking was that at 75,
shocking was that at 75,
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Još šokantnije je što je deka,
sa svojih 75 godina,
sa svojih 75 godina,
00:22
grandpa was really normal,
healthy and energetic,
healthy and energetic,
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bio vrlo normalan, zdrav i energičan,
00:26
but he was diabetic.
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ali je bio dijabetičar.
00:29
Learning all of this was so painful
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Ovo saznanje je bilo tako bolno
00:32
that I decided to go out on a war
against this deadly killer
against this deadly killer
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da sam odlučio da se borim
protiv ovog ubice
protiv ovog ubice
00:36
and see what could be done.
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i da vidim šta se može uraditi.
00:38
It was shocking to discover
the results of recent studies
the results of recent studies
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Bilo je šokantno otkriti
rezultate skorašnjeg istraživanja
rezultate skorašnjeg istraživanja
00:42
that have shown an estimate
of nearly eight million people
of nearly eight million people
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koje procenjuje
da blizu osam miliona ljudi
da blizu osam miliona ljudi
00:46
who die from heart attacks every year.
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svake godine umre od infarkta.
00:49
Heart attacks occur for many reasons,
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Infarkti se dešavaju iz mnogo razloga,
00:52
but most often, they occur
when arteries get clogged,
when arteries get clogged,
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ali najčešće, kada se arterije začepe,
00:57
blood flow is cut off
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dotok krvi se prekine
00:58
and oxygen-starved cells
in the heart muscles start to die.
in the heart muscles start to die.
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i ćelije srčanih mišića bez kiseonika
počinju da odumiru.
počinju da odumiru.
01:02
You may know the common
symptoms of a heart attack:
symptoms of a heart attack:
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Možda znate koji su
uobičajeni simptomi infarkta:
uobičajeni simptomi infarkta:
01:05
chest pain, arm pain, shortness
of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...
of breath, fatigue, et cetera ...
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bol u grudima i ruci,
nedostatak daha, umor itd...
nedostatak daha, umor itd...
01:11
but there is a type of heart attack
that is quite common,
that is quite common,
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Ali postoji vrsta infarkta koja je česta
01:15
just as deadly,
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i jednako smrtonosna,
01:17
but harder to detect
because the symptoms are silent.
because the symptoms are silent.
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ali teža za uočavanje
jer su simptomi tihi.
jer su simptomi tihi.
01:22
People having silent heart attacks
just don't realize what's happening,
just don't realize what's happening,
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Ljudi koji doživljavaju tihi infarkt
prosto ne shvataju šta se dešava,
prosto ne shvataju šta se dešava,
01:28
so they're not seeking medical attention,
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pa ne potraže medicinsku pomoć,
01:30
which means they're less likely
to receive the treatment that they need
to receive the treatment that they need
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što znači da su manje šanse
da dobiju potrebno lečenje
da dobiju potrebno lečenje
01:35
at the critical moment.
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u kritičnom trenutku.
01:38
And even if they do
get to the hospital by chance,
get to the hospital by chance,
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A čak i ako, nekim slučajem,
stignu u bolnicu,
stignu u bolnicu,
01:41
either before or after
they are struck by a heart attack,
they are struck by a heart attack,
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pre ili nakon infarkta,
01:45
they might have to go through one or more
of these time-consuming, expensive tests
of these time-consuming, expensive tests
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možda moraju da prođu kroz jedan
ili više dugotrajnih, skupih testova
ili više dugotrajnih, skupih testova
01:51
and treatments,
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i terapija,
01:52
which are currently considered
the gold standards
the gold standards
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koji se trenutno smatraju
najvišim standardima
najvišim standardima
01:54
of heart-attack diagnosis.
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u dijagnostici infarkta.
01:57
The greater concern, however,
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Još veći problem je, pak,
01:59
is that these silent heart attacks
account for nearly 45 percent
account for nearly 45 percent
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što ovi tihi infarkti čine blizu 45 posto
02:03
of all heart attacks.
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svih infarkata.
02:05
Patients with diabetes and similar
disorders suffer from nerve damage
disorders suffer from nerve damage
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Pacijenti sa dijabetesom
i sličnim oboljenjima
i sličnim oboljenjima
imaju nervna oštećenja
zbog kojih ne osećaju onu vrstu bola
zbog kojih ne osećaju onu vrstu bola
02:10
that prevents them from feeling
the sort of pain
the sort of pain
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02:13
that usually signals to someone
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koja uglavnom signalizira osobi
02:15
that he or she may be having
a heart attack.
a heart attack.
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da doživljava infarkt.
02:21
Which means they suffer
the damage of a heart attack
the damage of a heart attack
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Što znači da ti pacijenti
dožive oštećenje srca
dožive oštećenje srca
02:24
without even knowing or feeling anything.
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a da ne znaju ili osećaju bilo šta.
02:28
These already at-risk patients
suffer from nerve damage,
suffer from nerve damage,
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Ovi ionako ugroženi pacijenti
dožive nervno oštećenje,
dožive nervno oštećenje,
02:34
and they do not get
immediate medical care.
immediate medical care.
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a ne dobiju hitnu medicinsku pomoć.
02:38
They do not know anything before
an unlikely event is about to occur.
an unlikely event is about to occur.
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Oni ništa ne znaju
pre nego što se nemili događaj desi.
pre nego što se nemili događaj desi.
02:44
My grandfather
was an at-risk patient, too.
was an at-risk patient, too.
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Moj deda je, takođe, bio ugrožen pacijent.
02:48
I probed this issue further --
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Istraživao sam ovaj problem još -
02:50
read as much as I could
to understand the heart,
to understand the heart,
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čitao što sam više mogao da razumem srce,
02:53
met researchers
and worked across labs in India.
and worked across labs in India.
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upoznao istraživače i radio
u laboratorijama širom Indije.
u laboratorijama širom Indije.
02:58
And finally, after three long years
of persistent research,
of persistent research,
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Napokon, nakon tri duge godine
istrajnog istraživanja,
istrajnog istraživanja,
03:02
what I have to share with the world today
is a promising solution.
is a promising solution.
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ono što danas imam da podelim
sa svetom je rešenje koje obećava.
sa svetom je rešenje koje obećava.
03:07
A noninvasive device that is inexpensive,
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Neinvazivni uređaj koji nije skup,
03:11
portable, wearable by at-risk
patients at all times.
patients at all times.
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koji je prenosiv, i ugroženi pacijenti
mogu stalno da ga nose.
mogu stalno da ga nose.
03:17
It greatly reduces
the need for a blood test
the need for a blood test
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Smanjuje potrebu za analizom krvi
i radi danonoćno,
i radi danonoćno,
03:20
and works 24/7, collecting
and analyzing data at preset intervals.
and analyzing data at preset intervals.
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skupljajući i analizirajući podatke
u unapred podešenim intervalima.
u unapred podešenim intervalima.
03:27
And all this data is collected
for a single purpose:
for a single purpose:
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A svi ti podaci se skupljaju
iz jednog razloga:
iz jednog razloga:
03:31
detecting heart attacks as they occur.
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da otkriju infarkte kada se jave.
03:35
This is a very promising solution
that might help us in the future.
that might help us in the future.
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Ovo je rešenje koje mnogo obećava
i koje bi ubuduće moglo da nam pomogne.
i koje bi ubuduće moglo da nam pomogne.
03:41
You may not know how intelligent
your heart really is.
your heart really is.
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Možda ne znate koliko je
vaše srce inteligentno.
vaše srce inteligentno.
03:45
It tries to communicate to your body
multiple times before failing,
multiple times before failing,
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Ono pokušava da komunicira sa vašim telom
više puta pre nego što otkaže,
više puta pre nego što otkaže,
03:50
by indicating symptoms like chest pain.
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ukazujući na simptome
kao što je bol u grudima.
kao što je bol u grudima.
03:53
These symptoms are triggered
when the heart loses out
when the heart loses out
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Ovi simptomi se aktiviraju
kada srce izgubi
kada srce izgubi
03:57
on oxygen-rich blood flow.
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protok krvi bogat kiseonikom.
04:00
But remember I told you
about the nerve damage.
about the nerve damage.
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Sećate se da sam vam pričao
o nervnom oštećenju.
o nervnom oštećenju.
04:03
It silences these symptoms
before a silent heart attack,
before a silent heart attack,
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Ono utišava ove simptome
pre tihog infarkta,
pre tihog infarkta,
04:09
which makes it even deadlier.
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što ga čini još smrtonosnijim.
04:13
And you may not even know
the common symptoms.
the common symptoms.
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A možda i ne znate
koji su uobičajeni simptomi.
koji su uobičajeni simptomi.
04:17
Meanwhile, the heart also sends out
certain biomarkers --
certain biomarkers --
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U međuvremenu, srce takođe šalje
određene biomarkere -
određene biomarkere -
04:22
cardiac biomarkers or proteins
that are SOS messages --
that are SOS messages --
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srčane biomarkere ili proteine
koji su pozivi u pomoć -
koji su pozivi u pomoć -
04:27
in the form of SOS messages --
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kao poziv u pomoć -
04:29
into your bloodstream,
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u vaš krvotok,
04:30
indicating that the heart is at risk.
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ukazujući da je srce ugroženo.
04:33
As it gets riskier and riskier,
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Kako situacija postaje rizičnija,
04:36
the concentrations
of these cardiac biomarker proteins
of these cardiac biomarker proteins
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koncentracije ovih srčanih
proteinskih biomarkera
proteinskih biomarkera
04:39
keep increasing abysmally.
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nastave katastrofalno da se povećavaju.
04:42
My device solely relies on this data.
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Moj uređaj se oslanja
isključivo na ove podatke.
isključivo na ove podatke.
04:45
The key is that these cardiac
biomarkers are found
biomarkers are found
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Cilj je da se ovi biomarkeri otkriju
04:49
in one of the earliest
stages of a heart attack,
stages of a heart attack,
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u najranijoj fazi infarkta
kada su najveće šanse za preživljavanje
04:52
when someone is almost sure to survive
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04:55
if he or she gets prompt care.
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ako se dobije brza nega.
A moj uređaj se isključivo
zasniva na tome.
zasniva na tome.
04:59
And my device is solely based
on that basis.
on that basis.
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05:04
And here's how my device works.
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I evo kako on funkcioniše.
Silikonski zavoj se nosi oko ručnog zgloba
ili se stavlja blizu grudi.
ili se stavlja blizu grudi.
05:07
A silicon patch is worn around your wrist
or placed near your chest.
or placed near your chest.
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05:12
Without having to prick your skin
for a biomarker blood test,
for a biomarker blood test,
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Bez potrebe da bodete kožu
radi krvnog testa na biomarker,
radi krvnog testa na biomarker,
ovaj zavoj može da uoči, izoluje
i prati biomarker specifičan za infarkt
i prati biomarker specifičan za infarkt
05:17
this patch can spot, isolate and track
a heart-attack specific biomarker
a heart-attack specific biomarker
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05:23
called H-FABP,
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zvani H-FABP,
i upozorava vas ako i kada dostigne
kritični nivo u vašem krvotoku -
kritični nivo u vašem krvotoku -
05:25
and alerts you if and when it reaches
a critical level in your bloodstream --
a critical level in your bloodstream --
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što je mnogo jednostavnije,
lakše i jeftinije
lakše i jeftinije
05:31
a process that's much simpler, easier
and cheaper than conventional methods
and cheaper than conventional methods
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nego tradicionalne metode
za dijagnozu infarkta.
za dijagnozu infarkta.
05:37
of heart-attack diagnosis.
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05:41
By checking on biomarker
concentration data,
concentration data,
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Proveravajući podatke
o koncentraciji biomarkera,
o koncentraciji biomarkera,
ovakav sistem,
05:45
a system like this,
with advanced research in the future,
with advanced research in the future,
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uz napredno istraživanje u budućnosti,
05:49
could significantly reduce the need
for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor
for an at-risk patient to go to a doctor
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može značajno smanjiti potrebu
ugroženog pacijenta da ode lekaru
ugroženog pacijenta da ode lekaru
05:54
for a biomarker blood test,
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zbog analize krvi na biomarkere,
05:55
because the device
could be worn at all times,
could be worn at all times,
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jer se uređaj može uvek nositi
05:59
sensing biomarker elevations in real time.
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i detektovati povišenje biomarkera
u realnom vremenu.
u realnom vremenu.
06:03
Thus, if the device senses the biomarker
levels going beyond the critical point,
levels going beyond the critical point,
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Prema tome, ako uređaj primeti da je nivo
biomarkera iznad kritične tačke,
biomarkera iznad kritične tačke,
ugroženi pacijent može biti upozoren
na predstojeći srčani zastoj
na predstojeći srčani zastoj
06:08
the at-risk patient could be warned
of an impending cardiac arrest
of an impending cardiac arrest
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i da mu treba hitna medicinska pomoć.
06:13
and that he or she needs
immediate medical attention.
immediate medical attention.
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06:16
Although the device may not be able
to provide the patient
to provide the patient
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Iako uređaj možda ne može
da pruži pacijentu
da pruži pacijentu
06:20
with the complete analysis
of the cardiac injury,
of the cardiac injury,
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kompletnu analizu povrede srca,
može biti od velike pomoći
06:23
it might be of immense help
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06:25
in actually indicating
that the patient is in danger,
that the patient is in danger,
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u nagoveštavanju
da je pacijent u opasnosti,
da je pacijent u opasnosti,
tako da pacijent može biti upozoren
06:29
so that the patient can be alarmed
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06:31
and know that immediate care is crucial.
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da mu je hitna pomoć neophodna.
Svaki ugroženi pacijent
će sada imati više vremena da preživi
će sada imati više vremena da preživi
06:35
Every at-risk patient will now receive
more time to survive
more time to survive
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i da potraži medicinsku pomoć.
06:40
and reach out for medical help.
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06:42
Consequently, they don't have to go
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Zbog toga pacijentima nisu neophodni
skupi i invazivni medicinski tretmani
06:45
for expensive and invasive
medical treatments
medical treatments
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06:48
that would otherwise be necessary
after a heart attack.
after a heart attack.
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koji bi inače bili neophodni
nakon infarkta.
nakon infarkta.
06:52
When I got my device tested
on at-risk patients under observation,
on at-risk patients under observation,
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Kada sam testirao svoj uređaj
na ugroženim pacijentima pod nadzorom,
na ugroženim pacijentima pod nadzorom,
rezultati kliničkog testa validnosti
06:56
results from the clinical validation tests
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06:59
certified close to a 96 percent
accuracy and sensitivity.
accuracy and sensitivity.
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su potvrdili blizu 96 posto
tačnosti i osetljivosti.
tačnosti i osetljivosti.
07:05
I intend to make my device available
to people in two variants:
to people in two variants:
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Nameravam da svoj uređaj ljudima
učinim dostupnim u dve varijante:
učinim dostupnim u dve varijante:
07:09
one which gives digital analysis
of the biomarker levels
of the biomarker levels
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jednoj, koja daje digitalnu analizu
nivoa biomarkera,
nivoa biomarkera,
i jednostavniju verziju
za ljude u ruralnim oblastima
za ljude u ruralnim oblastima
07:13
and a simpler version
for the people in rural areas
for the people in rural areas
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koja vibrira kada se nivoi biomarkera
popnu iznad kritične tačke.
popnu iznad kritične tačke.
07:15
which simply vibrates when the biomarker
levels go beyond the critical point.
levels go beyond the critical point.
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07:20
When we look at our progress
in cardiac health care today,
in cardiac health care today,
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Kada pogledamo naš napredak
u lečenju kardioloških problema,
u lečenju kardioloških problema,
07:24
it is more of sick care than preventative
self-care and technology.
self-care and technology.
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to je više nega bolesnih
nego preventivna briga i tehnologija.
nego preventivna briga i tehnologija.
Mi bukvalno čekamo da se infarkt dogodi
07:29
We literally wait
for the heart attack to occur
for the heart attack to occur
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07:31
and put our vast majority of resources
into post-care treatment.
into post-care treatment.
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i ulažemo ogromne resurse
u negu nakon infarkta.
u negu nakon infarkta.
Do tada, nepovratna šteta
će već biti učinjena.
će već biti učinjena.
07:35
But by then, irreversible damage
will already be done.
will already be done.
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Čvrsto verujem da je vreme
da preispitamo medicinu.
da preispitamo medicinu.
07:41
I firmly believe it's time
for us to rethink medicine.
for us to rethink medicine.
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07:44
We must establish proactive
health-care technologies.
health-care technologies.
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Moramo uspostaviti proaktivnu
tehnologiju zdravstvene nege.
tehnologiju zdravstvene nege.
07:48
A change must be brought out
not 10 years from now,
not 10 years from now,
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Moramo napraviti promenu
ne za deset godina,
ne za deset godina,
ne za pet godina,
07:51
not five years from now,
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nego danas.
07:52
but today.
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I tako, nadam se, jednog dana,
07:53
And so, hopefully, one day,
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uz pomoć ovih uređaja,
07:55
with the help of these devices,
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neko neće izgubiti
svog dedu kao što sam ja.
svog dedu kao što sam ja.
07:57
someone else won't lose
his or her grandfather just like I did.
his or her grandfather just like I did.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
08:02
Thank you so much.
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(Aplauz)
08:03
(Applause)
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Hvala vam.
08:05
Thank you.
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(Aplauz)
08:06
(Applause)
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Hvala vam.
08:08
Thank you.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Akash Manoj - InventorAkash Manoj developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack.
Why you should listen
Akash Manoj lost his grandfather due to a silent heart attack when he was thirteen. Silent heart attacks strike at-risk patients who are affected by nerve damage. Unlike most teenagers, inspired by the intricacies of the problem, Manoj translated his emotions into social motivation and, eventually, into action. At the end of three years of research and experiments funded by the Government of India at various labs across India, including SRISTI-BIRAC, he developed a novel technique that can non-invasively detect and alert at-risk patients of a potential asymptomatic heart-attack. His method involves transcutaneously isolating, identifying, spectroscopically analyzing, and sensing elevation in the levels of a cardiac biomarker called h-FABP in realtime -- a process that significantly establishes a path to preventative cardiovascular healthcare.
Manoj was awarded at the Intel ISEF 2018 and was conferred with the nation's highest honor (National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement | Gold Medallion) by the President of India.
Akash Manoj | Speaker | TED.com