TED Residency
Keith Kirkland: Wearable tech that helps you navigate by touch
基思 · 柯克蘭: 透過觸覺為您導航的可穿戴技術
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基思 · 柯克蘭正在開發僅用觸覺來傳達訊息的可穿戴技術。 他正在研究什麼手勢和振動模式可以直覺地傳達「停止」、「前進」等意思。你可看到他的團隊的先發產品：一個為盲人及視障人士開發的導航裝置，同時進一步了解他為了驅動這個產品所創的一個全新的「觸覺語言」。
Keith Kirkland - Haptic designer
Keith Kirkland is the cofounder of WearWorks, a company that builds products and experiences that communicate information through touch. Full bio
Keith Kirkland is the cofounder of WearWorks, a company that builds products and experiences that communicate information through touch. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Do you remember your first kiss?
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還記得你的初吻嗎？
00:15
Or that time you burned
the roof of your mouth
the roof of your mouth
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或是某次被熱騰騰的披薩燙傷了嘴呢？
00:17
on a hot slice of pizza?
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00:19
What about playing tag
or duck, duck, goose as a child?
or duck, duck, goose as a child?
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還有童年玩的「鴨鴨鵝遊戲」
之類的碰了就跑的遊戲呢？
之類的碰了就跑的遊戲呢？
00:22
These are all instances where
we're using touch to understand something.
we're using touch to understand something.
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這些都是我們透過觸覺
來意識到某事的實例。
來意識到某事的實例。
00:26
And it's the basis of haptic design.
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它是觸覺設計的基礎。
00:29
"Haptic" means of or relating to
the sense of touch.
the sense of touch.
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觸覺（Haptic）也就是
與碰觸相關的感覺。
與碰觸相關的感覺。
00:32
And we've all been using that
our entire lives.
our entire lives.
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我們一生都不停地在碰觸。
00:35
I was working on my computer
when my friend,
when my friend,
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有次我在打電腦時，
朋友看到我駝著背打字，
00:38
seeing me hunched over typing,
walked over behind me.
walked over behind me.
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就走到我的身後。
00:41
She put her left thumb
into the left side of my lower back,
into the left side of my lower back,
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她把左手拇指放在我的左下背部，
00:44
while reaching her right index finger
around to the front of my right shoulder.
around to the front of my right shoulder.
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右手食指勾住我的右肩前方。
00:48
Instinctively, I sat up straight.
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本能地，我坐直了。
00:50
In one quick and gentle gesture,
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她用快而溫和的手勢
00:52
she had communicated
how to improve my posture.
how to improve my posture.
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溝通如何改善我的姿勢。
00:55
The paper I was working on
at that very moment
at that very moment
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那一刻我正在寫的論文主題正是
00:57
centered around developing new ways
to teach movement using technology.
to teach movement using technology.
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如何借助科技來教授動作。
01:01
I wanted to create a suit
that could teach a person kung fu.
that could teach a person kung fu.
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我也想過要做一件衣服，
穿上它你就會打功夫。
穿上它你就會打功夫。
01:05
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:07
But I had no idea how
to communicate movement
to communicate movement
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但我不知道沒教練在場的狀況下
01:09
without an instructor being in the room.
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怎麼去溝通動作。
01:12
And in that moment,
it became crystal clear: touch.
it became crystal clear: touch.
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那一刻我清楚明白：用觸感。
01:16
If I had vibrating motors
where she had placed each of her fingers,
where she had placed each of her fingers,
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假使在我身上那些她手指
所碰之處裝上振動馬達，
所碰之處裝上振動馬達，
01:20
paired with motion-capture data
of my current and optimal posture,
of my current and optimal posture,
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搭配動作捕捉數據，隨時
把我的姿勢與最佳姿勢相比，
把我的姿勢與最佳姿勢相比，
01:24
I could simulate the entire experience
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我就可以模擬整個體驗，
01:26
without an instructor
needing to be in the room.
needing to be in the room.
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無需教練親身在場。
01:28
But there was still one important part
of the puzzle that was missing.
of the puzzle that was missing.
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至此仍有一個重要的關鍵待解。
01:32
If I want you to raise your wrist
two inches off of your lap,
two inches off of your lap,
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我該怎麼樣用振動提示你
01:35
using vibration,
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把手腕從大腿向上抬兩英寸呢？
01:37
how do I tell you to do that?
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01:40
Do I put a motor at the top of your wrist,
so you know to lift up?
so you know to lift up?
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應該把馬達裝在你的手腕上
讓你知道要抬起來，
讓你知道要抬起來，
還是裝在手腕下面，
感覺像是被往上推那樣呢？
感覺像是被往上推那樣呢？
01:43
Or do I put one
at the bottom of your wrist,
at the bottom of your wrist,
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01:45
so it feels like you're being pushed up?
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沒有現成的答案，
01:47
There were no readily available answers
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01:49
because there was no commonly
agreed-upon haptic language
agreed-upon haptic language
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因為沒有傳達訊息的
共通、既定觸覺語言。
共通、既定觸覺語言。
01:52
to communicate information with.
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01:54
So my cofounders and I
set out to create that language.
set out to create that language.
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因此我和我的合夥人
著手創造那語言。
著手創造那語言。
我們做出來的第一個東西不是功夫裝。
01:57
And the first device we built
was not a kung fu suit.
was not a kung fu suit.
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02:01
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:02
But in a way, it was even more impressive
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但在某種程度上，它更亮眼，
因為它簡單又實用。
02:04
because of its simplicity and usefulness.
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我們從導航的用例開始，
02:07
We started with the use case
of navigation,
of navigation,
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02:09
which is a simplified form of movement.
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它是種簡化的運動形式。
然後我們創建了 Wayband，
02:12
We then created Wayband,
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02:15
a wrist-wearable device that could
orient a user toward a destination,
orient a user toward a destination,
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是一種戴在手腕的裝置，
可以將用戶引導到目的地，
可以將用戶引導到目的地，
02:19
using vibrating cues.
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使用振動提示的方式。
我們叫人們原地旋轉，
02:22
We would ask people to spin around
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02:25
and to stop in a way that they felt
was the right way to go.
was the right way to go.
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當他們感受到方向對了就停下來。
我們在數百人身上非正式地實驗過，
02:29
Informally, we tried this
with hundreds of people,
with hundreds of people,
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02:31
and most could figure it out
within about 15 seconds.
within about 15 seconds.
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多數人約 15 秒內可以搞清楚。
就是這麼直覺。
02:34
It was that intuitive.
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最初，我們只想要人們擺脫手機，
02:36
Initially, we were just trying to get
people out of their phones
people out of their phones
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回到現實的世界。
02:39
and back into the real world.
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但是我們越試驗
02:41
But the more we experimented,
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02:43
the more we realized that those
who stood to benefit most from our work
who stood to benefit most from our work
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就越意識到受益最多的
02:47
were people who had little or no sight.
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是那些全盲或近盲的人。
02:51
When we first approached
a blind organization, they told us,
a blind organization, they told us,
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當我們首次接觸盲人組織時，
他們告訴我們：
他們告訴我們：
02:54
"Don't build a blind device.
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「不要設計盲人專用的設備。
設計一個人人都可以使用的設備，
02:56
Build a device that everyone can use
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02:58
but that's optimized
for the blind experience."
for the blind experience."
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但是盲胞更能因之受益的設備。」
我們創建了 WearWorks 公司，
它有三個指導原則：
它有三個指導原則：
03:01
We created our company WearWorks
with three guiding principles:
with three guiding principles:
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製作很酷的產品，
03:06
make cool stuff,
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03:08
create the greatest impact we can
in our lifetimes
in our lifetimes
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在我們有生之年發揮最大的影響力，
03:11
and reimagine an entire world
designed for touch.
designed for touch.
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並且重新建構專為觸覺
而設計的世界。
而設計的世界。
03:15
And on November 5, 2017,
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2017 年 11 月 5 日，
Wayband 幫一個盲人
03:19
Wayband helped a person who was blind
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跑了紐約市馬拉松賽的
前 15 英里，
前 15 英里，
03:22
run the first 15 miles
of the New York City Marathon
of the New York City Marathon
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沒有明眼人陪跑。
03:25
without any sighted assistance.
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03:27
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
裝置受到大雨影響，他沒有跑完全程，
03:35
It didn't get him through the entire race
due to the heavy rain,
due to the heavy rain,
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但那並不重要。
03:38
but that didn't matter.
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（笑聲）
03:39
(Laughter)
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我們已證明這一點：
03:41
We had proved the point:
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只靠觸感就可以導航複雜的路線。
03:42
that it was possible to navigate
a complex route using only touch.
a complex route using only touch.
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那麼，為什麼要用觸感呢？
03:45
So, why touch?
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皮膚天生敏感性高，
03:47
The skin has an innate sensitivity
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03:49
akin to the eyes' ability
to recognize millions of colors
to recognize millions of colors
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有著類似眼睛識別
數百萬種顏色的能力，
數百萬種顏色的能力，
03:53
or the ears' ability to recognize
complex pitch and tone.
complex pitch and tone.
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或耳朵辨別複雜音高和音調的能力。
然而，作為溝通的管道，
03:56
Yet, as a communications channel,
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皮膚基本上只被用來接收
摩斯代碼般的手機震動通知。
摩斯代碼般的手機震動通知。
03:58
it's been largely relegated to
Morse code-like cell phone notifications.
Morse code-like cell phone notifications.
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如果你突然被吻或被擊了一拳，
04:01
If you were to suddenly receive
a kiss or a punch,
a kiss or a punch,
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你必然本能和直接地反應。
04:04
your reaction would be
instinctive and immediate.
instinctive and immediate.
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與此同時，你的大腦還在想辦法趕上，
04:08
Meanwhile, your brain would be playing
catch-up on the back end
catch-up on the back end
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試圖了解剛剛發生的事情的細節。
04:11
to understand the details
of what just occurred.
of what just occurred.
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有意識的思想比本能慢很多，
04:13
And compared to instincts,
conscious thought is pretty slow.
conscious thought is pretty slow.
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04:17
But it's a lightning bolt
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但若和學習語言的蝸速來比，
則快得有如閃電。
則快得有如閃電。
04:18
compared to the snail's pace
of language acquisition.
of language acquisition.
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我花了相當多的時間學習
04:22
I spent a considerable amount of time
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04:24
learning Spanish, Japanese,
German and currently Swedish,
German and currently Swedish,
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西班牙語、日語、德語，
目前正在學瑞典語，
目前正在學瑞典語，
全都不同程度地失敗了。
04:30
with varying degrees of failure.
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04:31
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
但在失敗中學到了
不同語言的組織方式，
不同語言的組織方式，
04:35
But within those failures were kernels
of how different languages are organized.
of how different languages are organized.
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使得我們團隊深入了解
04:39
That gave our team insight
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如何把既定的語言順序
04:41
into how to use the linguistic order
of well-established languages
of well-established languages
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開發全新觸覺語言的靈感，
04:45
as inspiration for
an entirely new haptic language,
an entirely new haptic language,
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一個完全奠基於觸覺的語言。
04:48
one based purely on touch.
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它還向我們展示了
04:50
It also showed us when using language
mechanics wasn't the best way
mechanics wasn't the best way
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語言機制不是提供訊息的最佳方式。
04:54
to deliver information.
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就像微笑是跨文化的，同樣的，
04:56
In the same way a smile is a smile
across every culture,
across every culture,
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是否也有一種觸覺機制是
超越語言和文化界限的呢？
超越語言和文化界限的呢？
05:00
what if there was some
underlying mechanism of touch
underlying mechanism of touch
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05:02
that transcended linguistic
and cultural boundaries?
and cultural boundaries?
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05:06
A universal language, of sorts.
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類似一種全球通用的語言。
05:08
You see, I could give you
buzz-buzz-buzz, buzz-buzz,
buzz-buzz-buzz, buzz-buzz,
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你看，如果我用這樣的震動模式，
二短一長 - 二短，
二短一長 - 二短，
05:13
and you would eventually learn
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你最後終究會學到
05:14
that that particular
vibration means "stop."
vibration means "stop."
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那個振動意味著「停止」。
05:17
But as haptic designers,
we challenged ourselves.
we challenged ourselves.
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但身為觸覺設計師，我們得自我挑戰。
05:21
What would it be like to design "stop?"
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設計「停止」是什麼樣子呢？
05:24
Well, based on context,
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應該要根據實際情況吧，
05:25
most of us have the experience
of being in a vehicle
of being in a vehicle
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我們多數人有過這樣的經驗，
坐在車裡，突然一個緊急煞車，
我們身體當下的自然反應。
我們身體當下的自然反應。
05:28
and having that vehicle stop suddenly,
along with our body's reaction to it.
along with our body's reaction to it.
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05:32
So if I wanted you to stop,
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因此，如果我想讓你停下來，
05:34
I could send you
a vibration pattern, sure.
a vibration pattern, sure.
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我可以發個停止的振動模式給你。
05:36
Or, I could design a haptic experience
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或者，我可以設計一個觸覺體驗，
05:39
that just made stopping
feel like it was the right thing to do.
feel like it was the right thing to do.
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就讓你覺得停下來才是對的。
05:43
And that takes more than an arbitrary
assignment of haptic cues to meanings.
assignment of haptic cues to meanings.
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而這個設計不是任意地決定
觸覺方式及其代表的意義，
觸覺方式及其代表的意義，
05:47
It takes a deep empathy.
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其中更需要的是深切的同理心。
05:49
It also takes the ability to distill
human experience into meaningful insights
human experience into meaningful insights
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還要能把人類的經驗
提煉成有意義的直覺，
提煉成有意義的直覺，
05:54
and then into haptic
gestures and products.
gestures and products.
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再轉化為觸覺的手勢和產品。
05:59
Haptic design is going to expand
the human ability
the human ability
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觸覺設計將擴展人類
06:01
to sense and respond to our environments,
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感知和回應環境的能力，
06:04
both physical and virtual.
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實體和虛擬兩者皆然。
06:06
There's a new frontier: touch.
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觸覺是一個全新尚待開發的領域。
06:09
And it has the power to change
how we all see the world around us.
how we all see the world around us.
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它能改變我們看待周圍世界的方式。
06:13
Thank you.
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謝謝。
06:14
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Keith Kirkland - Haptic designerKeith Kirkland is the cofounder of WearWorks, a company that builds products and experiences that communicate information through touch.
Why you should listen
Navigation is inherently visual, and nowhere is that more clear than for the 285 million people in the world living with a visual impairment. With WAYBAND, a wrist-wearable haptic navigation device for the blind and visually impaired, WearWorks has created and patented an intuitive way to guide a person to a destination using vibration, without the need for any visual or audio cues. In 2017, WAYBAND was used to help a person who is blind run the first 15 miles of the NYC marathon without sighted assistance.
Kirkland is a public speaker, mechanical engineer, accessories designer and industrial designer with experience developing innovation-based concepts and experiences. He has worked with organizations ranging from the MET Museum, The Cooper Hewitt Design Museum, Unilever, Futureworks, Mini Cooper, Discovery Channel, Dropbox, The Yokohama Government, Coach and the National Science Foundation.
Keith Kirkland | Speaker | TED.com