ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justice
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA.

Why you should listen

Majora Carter is a visionary voice in city planning who views urban renewal through an environmental lens. The South Bronx native draws a direct connection between ecological, economic and social degradation. Hence her motto: "Green the ghetto!"

With her inspired ideas and fierce persistence, Carter managed to bring the South Bronx its first open-waterfront park in 60 years, Hunts Point Riverside Park. Then she scored $1.25 million in federal funds for a greenway along the South Bronx waterfront, bringing the neighborhood open space, pedestrian and bike paths, and space for mixed-use economic development.

Her success is no surprise to anyone who's seen her speak; Carter's confidence, energy and intensely emotional delivery make her talks themselves a force of nature. (The release of her TEDTalk in 2006 prompted Guy Kawasaki to wonder on his blog whether she wasn't "every bit as good as [Apple CEO] Steve Jobs," a legendary presenter.)

Carter, who was awarded a 2005 MacArthur "genius" grant, served as executive director of Sustainable South Bronx for 7 years, where she pushed both for eco-friendly practices (such as green and cool roofs) and, equally important, job training and green-related economic development for her vibrant neighborhood on the rise. Since leaving SSBx in 2008, Carter has formed the economic consulting and planning firm the Majora Carter Group, to bring her pioneering approach to communities far outside the South Bronx. Carter is working within the cities of New Orleans, Detroit and the small coastal towns of Northeastern North Carolina. The Majora Carter Group is putting the green economy and green economic tools to use, unlocking the potential of every place -- from urban cities and rural communities, to universities, government projects, businesses and corporations -- and everywhere else in between.

More profile about the speaker
Majora Carter | Speaker | TED.com
TED2006

Majora Carter: Greening the ghetto

Majora Carter城市改建的故事

Filmed:
2,626,277 views

在慷慨激昂的演讲中,获得麦克阿瑟奖的活动家Majora Carter详细地表述了她在South Bronx为环境正义而斗争的故事--并讲述了少数民族地区如何被不完善的城市政策害得最惨。
- Activist for environmental justice
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
If you're here today今天 --
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假若你今天有幸来此--我对你的到来亦是甚喜--
00:27
and I'm very happy快乐 that you are --
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你们一定听说过可持续发展可以拯救我们的生活
00:29
you've all heard听说 about
how sustainable可持续发展 development发展
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然而,我们不在TED的时候
00:31
will save保存 us from ourselves我们自己.
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00:33
However然而, when we're not at TEDTED,
we are often经常 told
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我们一定听说现实中的可持续发展议程并没有可行性
00:37
that a real真实 sustainability可持续性 policy政策 agenda议程
is just not feasible可行,
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特别是在大的城市,比如纽约
00:41
especially特别 in large urban城市的 areas
like New York纽约 City.
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这是因为大多数的决策者们
00:44
And that's because most people
with decision-making做决定 powers权力,
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不管是公共还是私人部门
00:47
in both the public上市 and the private私人的 sector扇形,
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都没有真的意识到他们正处于危险境地
00:49
really don't feel
as though虽然 they're in danger危险.
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我今天之所以在此,其中一个原因,是因为一只狗
00:52
The reason原因 why I'm here today今天,
in part部分, is because of a dog --
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是我在1998年在雨中捡到的被遗弃的小狗
00:56
an abandoned puppy小狗 I found发现
back in the rain, back in 1998.
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它已经长成了一只大狗,比我想象的要大
00:59
She turned转身 out to be
a much bigger dog than I'd anticipated预期.
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它刚刚来的时候,我们正在抗议计划建于东河海滨的巨型垃圾处理场
01:03
When she came来了 into my life, we were
fighting战斗 against反对 a huge巨大 waste浪费 facility设施
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尽管事实上我们这个区域
01:07
planned计划 for the East River waterfront滨水
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01:09
despite尽管 the fact事实 that
our small part部分 of New York纽约 City
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已经处理了整个纽约市超过40%的商业垃圾
01:12
already已经 handled处理 more than 40 percent百分
of the entire整个 city's城市的 commercial广告 waste浪费:
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一个废水处理球团矿厂、一个污泥处理厂,四个发电厂,
01:16
a sewage污水 treatment治疗 pelletizing造粒 plant,
a sewage污水 sludge污泥 plant, four power功率 plants植物,
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01:21
the world's世界 largest最大
food-distribution食品配送 center中央,
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世界上最大的食品分销中心
还有其他行业每周有超过6万辆的柴油车开到这里
01:24
as well as other industries行业 that bring带来
more than 60,000 diesel柴油机 truck卡车 trips旅行
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01:28
to the area each week.
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这里也是纽约市公园占地率最低的地区
01:29
The area also has one of the lowest最低 ratios
of parks公园 to people in the city.
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01:33
So when I was contacted联系
by the Parks公园 Department
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所以,当公园管理处联系到我
用1万美元的种子启动资金来开发海滨时
01:36
about a $10,000 seed-grant种子批 initiative倡议
to help develop发展 waterfront滨水 projects项目,
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我觉得这确实是善举,但是有些天真
01:40
I thought they were really
well-meaning善意, but a bit naive幼稚.
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我一生都住在这个地区,但是却不能到河里去
01:43
I'd lived生活 in this area all my life,
and you could not get to the river,
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都是因为我先前提到的那些垃圾处理厂
01:47
because of all the lovely可爱 facilities设备
that I mentioned提到 earlier.
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一天早上,我和我的狗去慢跑
01:50
Then, while jogging跑步
with my dog one morning早上,
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她拖着我往河里走,我想这仅仅是又一次非法的倾倒垃圾
01:52
she pulled me into what I thought
was just another另一个 illegal非法 dump倾倒.
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到处都是野草和成堆的垃圾以及其他的东西,这里我就不想说了
01:56
There were weeds杂草 and piles of garbage垃圾
and other stuff东东 that I won't惯于 mention提到 here,
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但是,她一直拖着我——啊,瞧瞧,在垃圾的尽头就是河流啊
02:00
but she kept不停 dragging拖延 me,
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02:01
and lo and behold不料, at the end结束
of that lot was the river.
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我知道这条被遗忘的死胡同
02:04
I knew知道 that this forgotten忘记了
little street-end街道结束,
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就像是拽我到这里的这条狗一样,被遗弃了,而且是值得拯救的
02:06
abandoned like the dog that brought
me there, was worth价值 saving保存.
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而且我也知道这将是令人自豪的开始
02:09
And I knew知道 it would grow增长
to become成为 the proud骄傲 beginnings开始
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有社区发起的使新South Bronx焕发生机
02:12
of the community-led社区主导 revitalization振兴
of the new South Bronx布朗克斯.
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就像我的狗一样,这个主意比我预想的要博大得多。
02:15
And just like my new dog, it was an idea理念
that got bigger than I'd imagined想象.
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一路上我们得到了很多的支持
02:19
We garnered囊括 much support支持 along沿 the way,
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而且Hunts Point海滨公园成了South Bronx六十年以来的
02:21
and the Hunts狩猎 Point Riverside河边 Park公园
became成为 the first waterfront滨水 park公园
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第一个海滨公园
02:24
that the South Bronx布朗克斯 had had
in more than 60 years年份.
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我们的一万元的启动资金,增加了超过300倍,变成了一个价值300万的公园
02:26
We leveraged杠杆 that $10,000 seed种子 grant发放
more than 300 times,
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02:30
into a $3 million百万 park公园.
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而且,这个秋天,我实际上打算——
02:32
And in the fall秋季, I'm going to exchange交换
marriage婚姻 vows誓言 with my beloved心爱.
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和我心爱的人结婚。谢谢大家
02:37
(Audience听众 whistles口哨)
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02:38
Thank you very much.
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02:39
(Applause掌声)
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是他一直在背后支持着我,他一直这样。
02:44
That's him pressing紧迫 my buttons纽扣
back there, which哪一个 he does all the time.
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02:47
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
02:50
(Applause掌声)
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02:53
But those of us living活的
in environmental环境的 justice正义 communities社区
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但是,我们这些生活在环境正义社区里的人们
就像是煤矿中金丝雀。我们现在发现的这个问题,其实已经存在好久了
02:56
are the canary金丝雀 in the coal煤炭 mine.
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02:58
We feel the problems问题 right now,
and have for some time.
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环境正义对于你们而言,可能是并不太熟悉的名词
03:02
Environmental环境的 justice正义, for those of you
who may可能 not be familiar with the term术语,
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03:05
goes something like this:
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没有一个社区应该承担过多的环境负担
03:07
no community社区 should be saddled背负
with more environmental环境的 burdens负担
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而享受更少的福利
03:10
and less environmental环境的 benefits好处
than any other.
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不幸的是,种族和阶级成了最可靠的指示剂
03:12
Unfortunately不幸, race种族 and class
are extremely非常 reliable可靠 indicators指标
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03:16
as to where one might威力 find the good stuff东东,
like parks公园 and trees树木,
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就像是哪里能找到好的东西,如公园和树
哪里能找到不好的东西,比如发电厂和垃圾处理厂
03:19
and where one might威力 find the bad stuff东东,
like power功率 plants植物 and waste浪费 facilities设备.
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身为美国的一个黑人,我有两倍于白人的可能性
03:23
As a black黑色 person in America美国,
I am twice两次 as likely容易 as a white白色 person
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居住在一个空气污染严重威胁我健康的地区
03:26
to live生活 in an area where air空气 pollution污染
poses姿势 the greatest最大 risk风险 to my health健康.
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我有五倍高于白人的可能性会居住在
03:30
I am five times more likely容易
to live生活 within walking步行 distance距离
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离发电厂和化工厂近在咫尺的地方——而且确实如此
03:33
of a power功率 plant or chemical化学 facility设施,
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03:35
which哪一个 I do.
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这些土地使用决策造成了很恶劣的环境,这导致了很多的问题
03:36
These land-use土地利用 decisions决定
created创建 the hostile敌对 conditions条件
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03:39
that lead to problems问题 like obesity肥胖,
diabetes糖尿病 and asthma哮喘.
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比如肥胖、糖尿病和哮喘
哪里还有人离开家在有毒的社区快速的行走呢?
03:42
Why would someone有人 leave离开 their home to go
for a brisk轻快 walk步行 in a toxic有毒的 neighborhood邻里?
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我们27%的肥胖率是相当高的,即使就全国范围而言也是相当高的,糖尿病随之而来
03:46
Our 27 percent百分 obesity肥胖 rate
is high even for this country国家,
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03:49
and diabetes糖尿病 comes with it.
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South Bronx的孩子,四个中的一个就有哮喘
03:50
One out of four South Bronx布朗克斯
children孩子 has asthma哮喘.
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我们的哮喘住院率是全国平均水平的7倍
03:53
Our asthma哮喘 hospitalization住院治疗 rate
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is seven times higher更高
than the national国民 average平均.
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这些影响每个人都会遇到
03:57
These impacts影响 are coming未来 everyone's大家的 way.
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我们为固体废料的花费
03:59
And we all pay工资 dearly深深地
for solid固体 waste浪费 costs成本,
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04:01
health健康 problems问题 associated相关
with pollution污染 and more odiouslyodiously,
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与环境相关的健康问题发出了高昂的代价,
04:04
the cost成本 of imprisoning监禁
our young年轻 black黑色 and Latino拉丁美洲人 men男人,
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更可恨的是,为监禁这些年轻的黑人和拉美人说支付的开支
这些人拥有着说不清的未开发的潜能
04:07
who possess具有 untold数不清 amounts
of untapped未开发 potential潜在.
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我们50%的居民生活在贫困线或贫困线以下
04:10
Fifty五十 percent百分 of our residents居民
live生活 at or below下面 the poverty贫穷 line线;
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25%的人没有工作。低收入的市民仅仅把
04:13
25 percent百分 of us are unemployed失业的.
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04:15
Low-income低收入 citizens公民 often经常 use
emergency-room急救室 visits访问 as primary care关心.
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急诊室作为他们的基本医疗
这就造成纳税人上缴了很多,却没有相应比例的获利
04:19
This comes at a high cost成本 to taxpayers纳税人
and produces产生 no proportional成比例的 benefits好处.
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穷人不仅仅是穷,而且也不健康
04:23
Poor较差的 people are not only still poor较差的,
they are still unhealthy不良.
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幸运的是,像我这样的很多人正在努力寻找解决办法
04:27
Fortunately幸好, there are many许多 people
like me who are striving努力 for solutions解决方案
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这在短期内不能危害到有色人种低收入社区的生活
04:31
that won't惯于 compromise妥协 the lives生活
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04:32
of low-income低收入 communities社区 of color颜色
in the short term术语,
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也不会最终完全毁掉我们
04:35
and won't惯于 destroy破坏 us all in the long term术语.
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我们没有人想那样,这是我们的共同点。那么我们还有什么共同点呢?
04:37
None没有 of us want that,
and we all have that in common共同.
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04:39
So what else其他 do we have in common共同?
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首先,毫无疑问的是,我们都长得惊人地好看
04:41
Well, first of all,
we're all incredibly令人难以置信 good-looking好看.
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(笑声)——我们都获得了高中、大学和研究生的学位
04:44
(Laughter笑声)
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04:45
Graduated毕业 high school学校, college学院,
post-graduate研究生 degrees,
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到有意思的地方去旅行,没有在十多岁就有了孩子
04:48
traveled旅行 to interesting有趣 places地方,
didn't have kids孩子 in your early teens青少年,
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财务状况稳定,没有进过监狱。好的
04:51
financially经济 stable稳定, never been imprisoned囚禁.
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04:55
OK. Good.
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非常好(笑声)
04:56
(Laughter笑声)
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但是,作为一个黑人妇女,我在其他方面跟你们中的大多数不同
04:58
But, besides除了 being存在 a black黑色 woman女人,
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04:59
I am different不同 from most of you
in some other ways方法.
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我亲眼看见我邻居的近半个房子被烧成灰烬
05:02
I watched看着 nearly几乎 half of the buildings房屋
in my neighborhood邻里 burn烧伤 down.
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我征战越南战场的大哥哥Lenny
05:05
My big brother哥哥 Lenny莱尼 fought战斗 in Vietnam越南,
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在离我家几个街区远的地方被枪杀
05:07
only to be gunned枪杀 down
a few少数 blocks from our home.
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老天。我在街对面的一个危房里长大
05:13
Jesus耶稣.
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05:15
I grew成长 up with a crack裂纹 house
across横过 the street.
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是的,我是从贫民窟来的一个贫穷的黑人小孩
05:19
Yeah, I'm a poor较差的 black黑色 child儿童
from the ghetto贫民区.
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这些东西让我显得与你不同
05:23
These things make me different不同 from you.
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但是我所提到的那些共同点把我和我社区的其他大多数人区分开来
05:25
But the things we have in common共同
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05:27
set me apart距离 from most
of the people in my community社区,
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我介于两个世界之间
05:30
and I am in between之间 these two worlds世界
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我有足够的勇气去为了另一个世界争取正义
05:32
with enough足够 of my heart
to fight斗争 for justice正义 in the other.
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那么,世界是如何把我们变得不一样的?
05:36
So how did things get so different不同 for us?
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40年代后期,我的父亲——一个帕尔曼酒店的服务生,奴隶的儿子——
05:38
In the late晚了 '40s, my dad --
a Pullman普尔曼 porter搬运工, son儿子 of a slave奴隶 --
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在South Bronx的Hunts Point街区买了房子
05:41
bought a house in the Hunts狩猎 Point
section部分 of the South Bronx布朗克斯,
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几年后,他娶了我的母亲
05:44
and a few少数 years年份 later后来, he married已婚 my mom妈妈.
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那个时候,这个社区是一个几乎是白人的工人阶级社区
05:46
At the time, the community社区 was a mostly大多
white白色, working-class工人阶级 neighborhood邻里.
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我的父亲并不孤单
05:49
My dad was not alone单独.
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跟其他寻找美国梦的人一样
05:51
And as others其他 like him pursued追求的
their own拥有 version of the American美国 dream梦想,
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白人大迁徙在South Bronx和全国其他城市成了一种常态
05:54
white白色 flight飞行 became成为 common共同
in the South Bronx布朗克斯
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05:57
and in many许多 cities城市 around the country国家.
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银行被拉了红线,市里的特定区域
05:59
Red-lining红线 was used by banks银行,
wherein其中, certain某些 sections部分 of the city,
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包括我们的,都成了投资的禁区
06:03
including包含 ours我们的, were deemed认为
off-limits禁止进入 to any sort分类 of investment投资.
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很多房东坚信烧掉他们的房子更加有利可图
06:07
Many许多 landlords地主 believed相信 it was more
profitable有利可图 to torch火炬 their buildings房屋
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他们宁可领取保险金,也不愿意在这种情况下卖掉房子——
06:10
and collect搜集 insurance保险 money rather
than to sell under those conditions条件 --
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不管前租客死了还是受伤
06:15
dead or injured受伤 former前任的 tenants租户
notwithstanding虽然.
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Hunts Point以前是一个步行上班的社区
06:17
Hunts狩猎 Point was formerly以前
a walk-to-work走路上班 community社区,
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但是现在人们既没有工作,也无家可归
06:20
but now residents居民 had neither也不
work nor也不 home to walk步行 to.
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一个全国公路建设热给我们雪上加霜
06:24
A national国民 highway高速公路 construction施工 boom繁荣
was added添加 to our problems问题.
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在纽约州,Robert Moses成立了一家有野心的公路发展公司
06:27
In New York纽约 State,
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06:28
Robert罗伯特 Moses摩西 spearheaded带头
an aggressive侵略性 highway-expansion高速公路膨胀 campaign运动.
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他的其中一个目标是让居住在Westchester县的富人们
06:32
One of its primary goals目标 was
to make it easier更轻松
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到曼哈顿更加方便
06:34
for residents居民 of wealthy富裕 communities社区
in Westchester威彻斯特 County to go to Manhattan曼哈顿.
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South Bronx,位于两者之间,当然无法幸免
06:39
The South Bronx布朗克斯, which哪一个 lies in between之间,
did not stand a chance机会.
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居民们的房屋通常会在收到通知的不到一个月内被夷为平地
06:43
Residents居民 were often经常 given特定
less than a month's一个月 notice注意
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06:45
before their buildings房屋 were razed被夷为平地.
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60万人无家可归
06:47
600,000 people were displaced流离失所.
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当时给人们的印象就是,只有皮条客、非法推销员和妓女才来自这个地区
06:49
The common共同 perception知觉 was
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06:50
that only pimps皮条客 and pushers
and prostitutes妓女 were from the South Bronx布朗克斯.
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06:54
And if you are told
from your earliest最早 days
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如果在你还小的时候被告知你的社区没有什么好东西
06:57
that nothing good is going to come
from your community社区,
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只是肮脏和丑陋的东西,你身上怎么会反映不出那些坏东西呢?
07:00
that it's bad and ugly丑陋,
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07:01
how could it not reflect反映 on you?
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现在,我们的财产分文不值,除了我们的家和我们自己
07:04
So now, my family's家庭的 property属性
was worthless无用,
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07:06
save保存 for that it was our home,
and all we had.
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07:09
And luckily for me, that home
and the love inside of it,
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幸运的是,对我而言,那个家和家中的爱,以及
07:13
along沿 with help from teachers教师, mentors导师
and friends朋友 along沿 the way, was enough足够.
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来自老师、教练和朋友们一路上的帮助,这就足够了
现在,为何这个故事如此重要?
07:18
Now, why is this story故事 important重要?
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07:19
Because from a planning规划 perspective透视,
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因为从规划的角度讲,经济恶化就
07:21
economic经济 degradation降解
begets相生 environmental环境的 degradation降解,
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导致环境的恶化,然后就导致社会的恶化
07:25
which哪一个 begets相生 social社会 degradation降解.
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这次负投资开始于二十世纪六十年代
07:28
The disinvestment撤资 that began开始
in the 1960s set the stage阶段
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为即将到来的环境不公平打下了基础
07:31
for all the environmental环境的
injustices不公正 that were to come.
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07:33
Antiquated陈旧的 zoning区划 and land-use土地利用
regulations法规 are still used to this day
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老旧的街区划分和土地使用政策一直沿用到今天
07:37
to continue继续 putting polluting污染
facilities设备 in my neighborhood邻里.
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继续在我们的周围建造产生污染的各种处理厂
当制定土地政策的时候,有把这些因素考虑在内吗?
07:40
Are these factors因素 taken采取 into consideration考虑
when land-use土地利用 policy政策 is decided决定?
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这些决策会产生哪些开销?谁又会为此买单?
07:44
What costs成本 are associated相关
with these decisions决定?
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07:47
And who pays支付? Who profits利润?
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谁有受益了?对于当地居民正经受的苦难有任何正义可言吗?
07:49
Does anything justify辩解
what the local本地 community社区 goes through通过?
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这就是所谓的“规划”——加上引号——根本就没有考虑我们的利益
07:53
This was "planning规划" -- in quotes报价 --
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07:55
that did not have
our best最好 interests利益 in mind心神.
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当我们意识到这一点,我们决定是时候制定自己规划的时候了
07:57
Once一旦 we realized实现 that, we decided决定
it was time to do our own拥有 planning规划.
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我先前提到的小公园只是
08:01
That small park公园 I told you about earlier
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08:03
was the first stage阶段 of building建造
a Greenway绿色通道 movement运动 in the South Bronx布朗克斯.
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在South Bronx地区进行绿化运动的第一步
我写信申请一项一百二十五万的联邦交通拨款
08:06
I wrote a one-and-a-quarter-million一和A-25万
dollar美元 federal联邦 transportation运输 grant发放
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来规划一处海滨休闲空地,配有专用的自行车道
08:09
to design设计 the plan计划
for a waterfront滨水 esplanade空地
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08:12
with dedicated专用 on-street在街上 bike自行车 paths路径.
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身体上的改善帮助宣传关于交通安全的公共政策
08:13
Physical物理 improvements改进 help inform通知
public上市 policy政策 regarding关于 traffic交通 safety安全,
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废物和其他类型的处理厂
08:17
the placement放置 of the waste浪费
and other facilities设备,
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如果建造得当,是不会损害社区的生活质量的
08:19
which哪一个, if doneDONE properly正确, don't compromise妥协
a community's社区 quality质量 of life.
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这些将提供更多的机会,利于健康
08:23
They provide提供 opportunities机会
to be more physically物理 active活性,
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也利于当地经济发展
08:25
as well as local本地 economic经济 development发展.
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设想一下自行车商店、饮料摊
08:28
Think bike自行车 shops商店, juice果汁 stands站立.
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第一阶段的工程我们得到了两千万美元
08:29
We secured安全 20 million百万 dollars美元
to build建立 first-phase第一阶段 projects项目.
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这是Lafayette大道——由Matthews-Nielsen景观设计师重新设计
08:32
This is Lafayette拉斐特 Avenue大街 --
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08:34
and that's redesigned重新设计
by Mathews马修斯 Nielsen尼尔森 Landscape景观 Architects建筑师.
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一旦这条道路修建起来,它就把South Bronx
08:37
And once一旦 this path路径 is constructed,
it'll它会 connect the South Bronx布朗克斯
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同超过四百英亩的Randall的内陆公园连接起来了
08:40
with more than 400 acres
of Randall's兰德尔 Island Park公园.
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现在我们被大约二十五英尺的水域隔开,但是这个连接将改变这个现状
08:43
Right now we're separated分离 by about 25 feet
of water, but this link链接 will change更改 that.
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我们去精心呵护自然环境,她会回报给我们更多
08:47
As we nurture培育 the natural自然 environment环境,
its abundance丰富 will give us back even more.
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我们运作了一个称为“Bronx生态管理训练”的项目
08:51
We run a project项目 called the Bronx布朗克斯
[Environmental环境的] Stewardship管家 Training训练,
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它在生态恢复方面提供了工作培训
08:55
which哪一个 provides提供 job工作 training训练 in the fields领域
of ecological生态 restoration恢复,
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然后,来自我们社区的人们就具有去竞争这些高薪工作的技能
08:58
so that folks乡亲 from our community社区
have the skills技能 to compete竞争
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09:01
for these well-paying高薪 jobs工作.
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慢慢的,这个地区就会到处都能找到绿领的工作岗位
09:02
Little by little, we're seeding播种
the area with green-collar绿领 jobs工作 --
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然后人们也具有财务资本和个人技能资本
09:06
and with people that have both
a financial金融 and personal个人 stake赌注
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09:09
in their environment环境.
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Sheridan高速公路是Robert Moses时期遗留下来的,而且没有被充分使用
09:10
The Sheridan谢里登 Expressway高速公路
is an underutilized未充分利用 relic遗迹
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09:12
of the Robert罗伯特 Moses摩西 era时代,
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修建的时候没有考虑邻里的利益,把邻里隔开
09:14
built内置 with no regard看待 for the neighborhoods社区
that were divided分为 by it.
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即使是在交通高峰期,它实际上也没有被利用起来
09:17
Even during rush hour小时,
it goes virtually实质上 unused没用过.
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社区研究了一个替代性交通规划
09:20
The community社区 created创建
an alternative替代 transportation运输 plan计划
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来拆除这条公路
09:23
that allows允许 for the removal切除
of the highway高速公路.
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我们现在有机会让所有的利益相关人一起
09:25
We have the opportunity机会 now to bring带来
together一起 all the stakeholders利益相关者
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来重新设想一下这28英亩的土地更好地为公共用地、
09:28
to re-envision再ENVISION how this 28 acres
can be better utilized利用
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09:31
for parkland绿地, affordable实惠 housing住房
and local本地 economic经济 development发展.
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经济适用房和当地经济发展服务
我们也建造了纽约市的第一个绿色的清凉屋顶
09:34
We also built内置 New York纽约 City's first green绿色
and cool roof屋顶 demonstration示范 project项目
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示范项目,它位于我们办公楼的顶层
09:39
on top最佳 of our offices办事处.
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清凉屋顶具有高度反射的表面,它不会吸收太阳热量
09:40
Cool roofs屋顶 are highly-reflective高反射
surfaces that don't absorb吸收 solar太阳能 heat,
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而是把它传递给建造或者大气
09:44
and pass通过 it on to
the building建造 or atmosphere大气层.
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绿色屋顶都是泥土和鲜活的植被
09:46
Green绿色 roofs屋顶 are soil and living活的 plants植物.
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这些都可以用来替代石油为主的屋顶材料
09:48
Both can be used instead代替
of petroleum-based石油基 roofing屋面 materials物料
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09:51
that absorb吸收 heat, contribute有助于
to urban城市的 "heat island" effect影响
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后者吸收热量,造成城市的“热岛”效应,然后在太阳底下
09:54
and degrade降级 under the sun太阳,
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降解成我们呼吸的空气。绿色屋顶也能留住75%的雨水
09:55
which哪一个 we in turn breathe呼吸.
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09:57
Green绿色 roofs屋顶 also retain保留
up to 75 percent百分 of rainfall雨量,
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09:59
so they reduce减少 a city's城市的 need to fund基金
costly昂贵 end-of-pipe最终的管 solutions解决方案 --
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这也有助于城市减少地下管道设施的高昂支出
这些设施恰好在环境正义的社区就能看到,比如说我居住的社区
10:03
which哪一个, incidentally顺便, are often经常 located位于
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10:05
in environmental环境的 justice正义
communities社区 like mine.
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而且绿色屋顶也给我们的小朋友提供了栖息场所
10:07
And they provide提供 habitats栖息地
for our little friends朋友!
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所以——(笑声)——相当酷
10:10
[Butterfly蝴蝶]
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10:12
(Laughter笑声)
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10:13
So cool!
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总之,这项示范项目是我们的绿色屋顶设施项目的开始
10:14
Anyway无论如何, the demonstration示范
project项目 is a springboard跳板
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10:17
for our own拥有 green绿色 roof屋顶
installation安装 business商业,
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它给South Bronx带来了工作机会和持续的经济活动
10:19
bringing使 jobs工作 and sustainable可持续发展
economic经济 activity活动 to the South Bronx布朗克斯.
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(笑声)(掌声)我也喜欢这个
10:22
[Green绿色 is the new black黑色 ...]
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10:24
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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10:28
I like that, too.
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不管怎样,我知道Chris告诉我们不要再上面做修改
10:29
Anyway无论如何, I know Chris克里斯 told us
not to do pitches球场 up here,
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10:33
but since以来 I have all of your attention注意:
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但是我们必须引起你们的注意:我们需要投资。修改完之后
10:35
We need investors投资者. End结束 of pitch沥青.
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我们更应该寻求宽恕而不是许可
10:37
It's better to ask
for forgiveness饶恕 than permission允许.
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10:39
Anyway无论如何 --
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无论如何——(笑声)(掌声)
10:40
(Laughter笑声)
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10:42
(Applause掌声)
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好的。Katrina。在Katrina之前,South Bronx和新奥尔良的第九区
10:47
OK. Katrina卡特里娜.
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10:50
Prior to Katrina卡特里娜, the South Bronx布朗克斯
and New Orleans'新奥尔良 Ninth第九 Ward病房
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有太多的相似之处。两个地方都居住着大量的贫穷的有色人种
10:53
had a lot in common共同.
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10:54
Both were largely大部分 populated人口稠密
by poor较差的 people of color颜色,
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都是文化创新的温床:想想嘻哈乐和爵士
10:57
both hotbeds温床 of cultural文化 innovation革新:
think hip-hop嘻哈 and jazz爵士乐.
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都是滨海社区,其中工业区
11:01
Both are waterfront滨水 communities社区
that host主办 both industries行业 and residents居民
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和居民区靠的如此之近
11:04
in close proximity接近 of one another另一个.
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在后Katrina时代,我们还是有很多相同点
11:06
In the post-Katrina后卡特里娜 era时代,
we have still more in common共同.
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我们被最多的忽略、诽谤和滥用,最糟糕的是
11:09
We're at best最好 ignored忽视,
and maligned非议 and abused滥用, at worst最差,
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都是由于疏忽的管理机构、有害的分区制和松散的政府责任
11:12
by negligent regulatory监管 agencies机构,
pernicious有害 zoning区划
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11:16
and lax governmental政府 accountability问责.
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无论是对第九区的破坏还是South Bronx都是必然的
11:18
Neither也不 the destruction毁坏 of the Ninth第九 Ward病房
nor也不 the South Bronx布朗克斯 was inevitable必然.
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我们提供能解救我们自身的有价值的课程
11:22
But we have emerged出现 with valuable有价值 lessons教训
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11:25
about how to dig ourselves我们自己 out.
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而不仅仅是城市萎缩的民族象征
11:27
We are more than simply只是
national国民 symbols符号 of urban城市的 blight枯萎病
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或者是历任总统的空洞的参选承诺来解决问题
11:31
or problems问题 to be solved解决了
by empty campaign运动 promises许诺
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11:34
of presidents总统 come and gone走了.
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现在我们会让墨西哥沿岸
11:36
Now will we let the Gulf海湾 Coast
languish憔悴 for a decade or two,
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像South Bronx曾经那样因渴望而苦恼等上几十年吗?
或者是向草根活动家的自身资源那里学习,主动采取行动
11:38
like the South Bronx布朗克斯 did?
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11:40
Or will we take proactive主动 steps脚步
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11:41
and learn学习 from the homegrown自产自销 resource资源
of grassroots基层 activists活动家
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这些草根活动家都是从像我居住的社区一样的地方,在绝望中产生的
11:44
that have been born天生 of desperation绝望
in communities社区 like mine?
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现在听着,我们并不需要个人
11:47
Now listen, I do not expect期望 individuals个人,
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公司或政府来把世界变得更好,仅仅是因为它的正确的或是道德上的
11:50
corporations公司 or government政府
to make the world世界 a better place地点
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11:53
because it is right or moral道德.
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今天的演讲仅仅代表了我经历的一小部分
11:55
This presentation介绍 today今天 only represents代表
some of what I've been through通过.
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很小的一部分。你找不到任何线索
11:59
Like a tiny little bit. You've no clue线索.
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12:01
But I'll tell you later后来,
if you want to know.
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但是如果你确实想了解,我待会儿告诉你
但是——我知道这是本质,或者是一个人的见解
12:03
(Laughter笑声)
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12:05
But -- I know it's the bottom底部 line线,
or one's那些 perception知觉 of it,
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最后能激励其他人
12:09
that motivates能够激励 people in the end结束.
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我 感兴趣的是,我所称呼的“三重盈利”
12:11
I'm interested有兴趣 in what I like to call
the "triple三倍 bottom底部 line线"
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能产生持续性的发展
12:14
that sustainable可持续发展 development发展 can produce生产.
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发展有可能给所有相关的人带来积极的回报
12:16
Developments发展 that have the potential潜在
to create创建 positive returns回报
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12:20
for all concerned关心:
the developers开发商, government政府
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开发商、政府和项目所在地的社区
12:23
and the community社区
where these projects项目 go up.
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目前,纽约市还没有实施这个
12:25
At present当下, that's not happening事件
in New York纽约 City.
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我们正面临全面的城市规划财政赤字
12:29
And we are operating操作 with a comprehensive全面
urban-planning城市规划 deficit赤字.
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针对政府补贴的游行正计划提议在
12:33
A parade游行 of government政府 subsidies补贴
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12:35
is going to propose提出 big-box大盒子 and stadium体育场
developments发展 in the South Bronx布朗克斯,
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South Bronx发展大型商场和体育馆
但是,市政部门直接缺乏合作
12:38
but there is scant很少的 coordination协调
between之间 city agencies机构
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来应对日益严重的交通、污染、固体废料
12:41
on how to deal合同 with the cumulative累积的 effects效果
of increased增加 traffic交通, pollution污染,
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12:45
solid固体 waste浪费 and the impacts影响 on open打开 space空间.
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和空地的影响的问题。而且他们发展当地经济
12:48
And their approaches方法 to local本地 economic经济
and job工作 development发展 are so lame
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工作机会的方式如此跛脚,而不仅仅是好笑那么简单
12:52
it's not even funny滑稽.
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因为,还有一个例子,世界上最富有的运动团体为了修建贝比鲁斯之屋
12:53
Because on top最佳 of that,
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12:56
the world's世界 richest首富 sports体育 team球队
is replacing更换 the House That Ruth怜悯 Built内置
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而毁掉了两个非常好的社区公园
13:00
by destroying销毁 two
well-loved深受喜爱 community社区 parks公园.
269
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现在,我们也只有少于先前提供给你们的数据
13:03
Now, we'll have even less
than that stat统计 I told you about earlier.
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尽管只有少于25%的South Bronx居民有用私车
13:06
And although虽然 less than 25 percent百分
of South Bronx布朗克斯 residents居民 own拥有 cars汽车,
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这些项目还是包括了成千上万新的车位
13:09
these projects项目 include包括
thousands数千 of new parking停車處 spaces空间,
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仅仅是给庞大的交通系统提供一点活力
13:13
yet然而 zip压缩 in terms条款 of mass public上市 transit过境.
273
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现在,从大的争论中遗失的是一个全面的
13:16
Now, what's missing失踪 from the larger debate辩论
274
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成本收益分析,不是为了修复一个不健康的
13:18
is a comprehensive全面 cost-benefit成本效益 analysis分析
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13:20
between之间 not fixing定影 an unhealthy不良,
environmentally-challenged环保挑战 community社区,
276
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危害环境的社区,而是一个合作的
13:24
versus incorporating结合 structural结构,
sustainable可持续发展 changes变化.
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建设性的,可持续性的改变
我的机构和哥伦比亚大学和其他机构密切合作
13:27
My agency机构 is working加工 closely密切
with Columbia哥伦比亚 University大学 and others其他
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来在这些问题上指明出路
13:31
to shine闪耀 a light on these issues问题.
279
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现在,让我澄清一下。我并不是一个反对发展的人
13:32
Now let's get this straight直行:
I am not anti-development反展.
280
787974
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我们居住的是一个城市,而不是一个野生动物保护区。而且我信奉资本主义
13:35
Ours我们的 is a city, not a wilderness荒野 preserve保留.
281
791197
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13:38
And I've embraced拥抱 my inner capitalist资本家.
282
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3039
而且你们可能也是,如果你不是的,那你需要那样做
13:41
And, but I don't have --
283
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13:42
(Laughter笑声)
284
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13:44
You probably大概 all have,
and if you haven't没有, you need to.
285
799842
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所以我对 开发商挣钱没有任何异议
13:47
(Laughter笑声)
286
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13:51
So I don't have a problem问题
with developers开发商 making制造 money.
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而且先前有足够多的例子显示可持续发展的
13:54
There's enough足够 precedent先例 out there
to show显示 that a sustainable可持续发展,
288
809696
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帮助社区发展的开发是可以挣到很多钱的
13:57
community-friendly社区友好 development发展
can still make a fortune幸运.
289
812670
4391
TED的朋友Bill Mcdonough和Amory Lovins
14:01
Fellow同伴 TEDstersTEDsters Bill法案 McDonough麦克唐纳
and Amory艾默里 Lovins洛文斯 --
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都是这方面的楷模——都展示了你确实能在这里挣到钱
14:04
both heroes英雄 of mine by the way --
have shown显示 that you can actually其实 do that.
291
820181
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但我对于那些去在政治弱势群体身上盈利
14:08
I do have a problem问题
with developments发展 that hyper-exploit超利用
292
824174
2802
14:11
politically政治上 vulnerable弱势
communities社区 for profit利润.
293
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的开发商确实是有异议的
那对于我们大家而言都是一件可耻的事情
14:13
That it continues继续 is a shame耻辱 upon us all,
294
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因为我们要为我们创造的一切负责任
14:16
because we are all responsible主管
for the future未来 that we create创建.
295
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但是我时常提醒我自己的一件事就是,最大可能的从其他城市的愿景规划中学到东西
14:19
But one of the things I do
to remind提醒 myself of greater更大 possibilities可能性,
296
835028
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14:23
is to learn学习 from visionaries梦想家
in other cities城市.
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这是我的全球化设想
14:25
This is my version of globalization全球化.
298
840457
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让我们看看波哥大,一个平穷的拉丁语地区,到处都是枪支犯罪
14:27
Let's take Bogota波哥大.
299
842513
1533
14:28
Poor较差的, Latino拉丁美洲人, surrounded包围 by
runaway逃跑 gun violence暴力 and drug药物 trafficking贩卖;
300
844070
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和毒品走私:跟South Bronx的名声差不多
14:32
a reputation声誉 not unlike不像
that of the South Bronx布朗克斯.
301
847887
2838
然而,这个城市在二十世纪90年代受惠于
14:35
However然而, this city was blessed幸福
in the late晚了 1990s
302
850749
3227
14:38
with a highly-influential高度影响力
mayor市长 named命名 Enrique恩里克 PePEñalosa.
303
854000
4024
一个高度有影响力的市长,名叫Enrique Penalosa
他查看了人口统计资料
14:42
He looked看着 at the demographics人口统计学.
304
858048
1781
很少的波哥大人拥有汽车,但是很大比例的城市资源是专为他们服务的
14:44
Few少数 BogotanosBogotanos own拥有 cars汽车,
305
859853
1731
14:46
yet然而 a huge巨大 portion一部分 of the city's城市的 resources资源
was dedicated专用 to serving服务 them.
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4038
如果你是市长,你当然能做一些事情
14:50
If you're a mayor市长, you can
do something about that.
307
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2385
他把主要的市内车道从五车道变成了三车道
14:52
His administration行政 narrowed收窄 key municipal市政
thoroughfares通途 from five lanes车道 to three,
308
868079
4256
禁止在这些街道停车,扩宽人行道
14:57
outlawed取缔 parking停車處 on those streets街道,
309
872359
2263
14:59
expanded扩大 pedestrian行人 walkways走廊
and bike自行车 lanes车道,
310
874646
2779
和自行车道,修建公共广场
15:02
created创建 public上市 plazas广场,
311
877449
1931
创建了世界上最高效的公共汽车交通系统
15:04
created创建 one of the most efficient高效
bus总线 mass-transit轨道交通 systems系统
312
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2867
15:07
in the entire整个 world世界.
313
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1482
由于他出色的政绩,她差点被调查
15:08
For his brilliant辉煌 efforts努力,
he was nearly几乎 impeached弹劾.
314
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3774
但是人们开始发现他们开始把日常生活中的事情
15:12
But as people began开始 to see
that they were being存在 put first
315
888186
3706
15:16
on issues问题 reflecting反映
their day-to-day日复一日 lives生活,
316
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2210
放在第一位,不可思议的事情发生了
15:18
incredible难以置信 things happened发生.
317
894150
1331
人们不再乱扔垃圾。犯罪率下降了。
15:20
People stopped停止 littering乱扔垃圾.
318
895505
1392
15:21
Crime犯罪 rates利率 dropped下降, because the streets街道
were alive with people.
319
896921
3885
街道因为大家而生机勃勃
他的政策一次性解决了很多典型的城市问题
15:25
His administration行政 attacked袭击 several一些
typical典型 urban城市的 problems问题 at one time,
320
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3879
而且使用一个第三世界国家的财力解决的
15:29
and on a third-world第三世界 budget预算, at that.
321
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2111
我们在这样一个国家没有任何借口。对不起
15:31
We have no excuse借口
in this country国家, I'm sorry.
322
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2699
但是实质是,他们人民的首要议程不是
15:34
But the bottom底部 line线 is:
their people-first员工第一 agenda议程
323
909591
2841
15:37
was not meant意味着 to penalize惩罚
those who could actually其实 afford给予 cars汽车,
324
912456
3914
惩罚那些拥有车辆的人
而是让所有的波哥大人参与进来
15:41
but rather, to provide提供 opportunities机会
for all BogotanosBogotanos to participate参加
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让城市恢复活力。发展不应该以牺牲
15:45
in the city's城市的 resurgence再起.
326
920283
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15:46
That development发展 should not come
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大多数人的利益为代价。这也是美国人民普遍认可的观点
15:48
at the expense费用 of the majority多数
of the population人口
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2587
15:51
is still considered考虑
a radical激进 idea理念 here in the U.S.
329
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2770
但是波哥大的例子有能力去改变它
15:54
But Bogota's波哥大 example
has the power功率 to change更改 that.
330
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2458
然而,你受益于影响的恩惠
15:57
You, however然而, are blessed幸福
with the gift礼品 of influence影响.
331
932327
3493
这也是为何你在此,来评估我们所交换的信息的原因
16:00
That's why you're here and why you
value the information信息 we exchange交换.
332
935844
3722
用你的影响力来支持各地全面而持久的改变
16:04
Use your influence影响
333
939590
1350
16:05
in support支持 of comprehensive全面,
sustainable可持续发展 change更改 everywhere到处.
334
940964
3300
不要只是在TED谈论。我尝试建立的是一个世界性的议程
16:09
Don't just talk about it at TEDTED.
335
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1695
16:11
This is a nationwide全国 policy政策 agenda议程
I'm trying to build建立,
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4110
正如你所知的,政治是个人的
16:15
and as you all know,
politics政治 are personal个人.
337
951119
2603
帮助我去绿化新的黑人社区。帮助我使它永远迷人
16:18
Help me make green绿色 the new black黑色.
338
954118
1974
16:21
Help me make sustainability可持续性 sexy性感的.
339
956592
2137
让它成为你茶余饭后的谈资
16:23
Make it a part部分 of your dinner晚餐
and cocktail鸡尾酒 conversations对话.
340
958753
3397
帮助我为了环境和经济的正义而进行的斗争
16:26
Help me fight斗争 for environmental环境的
and economic经济 justice正义.
341
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3103
支持三赢的投资
16:30
Support支持 investments投资
with a triple-bottom-line三重底线 return返回.
342
965301
2675
16:32
Help me democratize民主化 sustainability可持续性
by bringing使 everyone大家 to the table,
343
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4540
帮助我把持续发展大众化,把每个人都叫到一起
而且坚信全面的规划在任何地方都是可以实施的
16:37
and insisting坚持 that comprehensive全面
planning规划 can be addressed解决 everywhere到处.
344
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3349
天哪,很高兴我还有点时间
16:40
Oh good, glad高兴 I have a little more time!
345
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1908
听着——那天早饭后我跟戈尔先生说话
16:42
Listen -- when I spoke to Mr先生. Gore血块
the other day after breakfast早餐,
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977869
3945
我问他如何把环境正义活动家
16:46
I asked him how environmental环境的 justice正义
activists活动家 were going to be included包括
347
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4748
包含到他新的行销策略当中
16:51
in his new marketing营销 strategy战略.
348
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2226
他的回答是一个拨款计划
16:53
His response响应 was a grant发放 program程序.
349
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2308
我不认为他明白,我不是为了寻求拨款
16:57
I don't think he understood了解
that I wasn't asking for funding资金.
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我是向他伸出了机会的橄榄枝。(掌声)
17:03
I was making制造 him an offer提供.
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17:07
(Applause掌声)
352
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6512
17:14
What troubled苦恼 me was that this
top-down自顶向下 approach途径 is still around.
353
1009983
4364
一直困扰着我的是,这个至上而下的方法一直都还在周围萦绕
别误会我了,我们是需要钱(笑声)
17:20
Now, don't get me wrong错误, we need money.
354
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1890
17:21
(Laughter笑声)
355
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17:23
But grassroots基层 groups
are needed需要 at the table
356
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在决策的过程中需要草根阶层的参与
17:27
during the decision-making做决定 process处理.
357
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2818
戈尔先生提醒我们,我们每天浪费了90%的能量
17:30
Of the 90 percent百分 of the energy能源
that Mr先生. Gore血块 reminded提醒 us
358
1025583
4044
17:34
that we waste浪费 every一切 day,
359
1029651
1422
那就不要再浪费我们的智慧
17:35
don't add wasting浪费 our energy能源, intelligence情报
360
1031097
3170
和很难才获得的经验(掌声)
17:39
and hard-earned辛苦赚来的 experience经验 to that count计数.
361
1034291
3843
17:42
(Applause掌声)
362
1038158
5463
我大老远跑过来以这种方式与你们见面
17:48
I have come from so far
to meet遇到 you like this.
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6468
请不要辜负我。通过一起协作
17:56
Please don't waste浪费 me.
364
1051436
2375
18:00
By working加工 together一起,
365
1055628
1154
我们能够变成这些小的,快速发展的团队中的一员
18:01
we can become成为 one of those small,
rapidly-growing快速增长 groups of individuals个人
366
1056806
4978
我们有胆量和勇气相信我们真的能改变这个世界
18:06
who actually其实 have the audacity大胆 and courage勇气
367
1061808
2207
18:08
to believe that we actually其实
can change更改 the world世界.
368
1064039
2631
我们可能从生命中不同的站点来到了这个会场
18:12
We might威力 have come to this conference会议
369
1067238
1770
18:13
from very, very different不同
stations in life,
370
1069032
2532
但是请相信我,我们都拥有一个难以置信的能力——
18:16
but believe me, we all share分享
one incredibly令人难以置信 powerful强大 thing.
371
1071588
4600
我们没有什么可以失去,却可以获得一切
18:23
We have nothing to lose失去
and everything to gain获得.
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3530
再见(掌声)
18:28
Ciao再见, bellosbellos!
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18:29
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by mark diao
Reviewed by Zhu Jie

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justice
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA.

Why you should listen

Majora Carter is a visionary voice in city planning who views urban renewal through an environmental lens. The South Bronx native draws a direct connection between ecological, economic and social degradation. Hence her motto: "Green the ghetto!"

With her inspired ideas and fierce persistence, Carter managed to bring the South Bronx its first open-waterfront park in 60 years, Hunts Point Riverside Park. Then she scored $1.25 million in federal funds for a greenway along the South Bronx waterfront, bringing the neighborhood open space, pedestrian and bike paths, and space for mixed-use economic development.

Her success is no surprise to anyone who's seen her speak; Carter's confidence, energy and intensely emotional delivery make her talks themselves a force of nature. (The release of her TEDTalk in 2006 prompted Guy Kawasaki to wonder on his blog whether she wasn't "every bit as good as [Apple CEO] Steve Jobs," a legendary presenter.)

Carter, who was awarded a 2005 MacArthur "genius" grant, served as executive director of Sustainable South Bronx for 7 years, where she pushed both for eco-friendly practices (such as green and cool roofs) and, equally important, job training and green-related economic development for her vibrant neighborhood on the rise. Since leaving SSBx in 2008, Carter has formed the economic consulting and planning firm the Majora Carter Group, to bring her pioneering approach to communities far outside the South Bronx. Carter is working within the cities of New Orleans, Detroit and the small coastal towns of Northeastern North Carolina. The Majora Carter Group is putting the green economy and green economic tools to use, unlocking the potential of every place -- from urban cities and rural communities, to universities, government projects, businesses and corporations -- and everywhere else in between.

More profile about the speaker
Majora Carter | Speaker | TED.com

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