TEDxSanMigueldeAllende
Emiliano Salinas: A civil response to violence
Emiliano Salinas: Građanski odgovor nasilju
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U svom strasnom govoru na TEDxSanMigueldeAllende koji je već postao senzacija u Meksiku, Emiliano Salinas, sin bivšeg predsjednika Carlosa Salinasa de Gotarija, se suprotstavlja trenutnoj klimi nasilja u Meksiku -- ili točnije, odnosu meksičkog društva prema tom nasilju. On demonstrira način na koji društvo traži odmak od stanja straha i samoobmane ka miroljubivoj akciji, akciji iz zajednice, pozivajući obične građane da ustanu i preuzmu kontrolu nad budućnošću svoje zemlje. Ovo je prvi TED govor koji je dat na jeziku koji nije engleski.
Emiliano Salinas - Community activist
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Emiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
My name is Emiliano Salinas
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Moje ime je Emiliano Salinas
00:18
and I'm going to talk about the role
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i ja ću pričati o ulozi koju
00:22
we members of society play
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mi članovi društva imamo
00:24
in the violent atmosphere
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u nasilnom okruženju
00:25
this country is living in right now.
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u kojem ova država upravo živi.
00:29
I was born in 1976.
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Ja sam rođen 1976.
00:32
I grew up in a traditional Mexican family.
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Odrastao sam u tradicionalnoj meksičkoj obitelji.
00:35
As a child, I had a pretty normal life:
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Kao dijete sam imao poprilično normalan život:
00:37
I would go to school, play with my friends and cousins.
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išao bih u školu, igrao se s prijateljima i rođacima.
00:41
But then my father became President of Mexico
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Ali onda je moj otac postao predsjednik Meksika
00:43
and my life changed.
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i moj život se promijenio.
00:47
What I'm about to say,
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Ono što ću vam reći,
00:49
at least some of what I'm about to say,
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barem nešto od onoga što ću vam reći,
00:51
will cause controversy.
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će stvoriti polemike.
00:53
Firstly, because I'm the one who's going to say it.
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Kao prvo, zato što sam ja taj koji će to reći.
00:56
And secondly, because what I'm going to say is true,
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A kao drugo, zato što je ono što ću reći istina,
00:59
and it will make a lot of people nervous
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i mnogi će postati nervozni
01:01
because it's something we don't want to hear.
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jer je to nešto što ne želimo čuti.
01:03
But it's imperative that we listen
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Ali bitno je slušati
01:05
because it's undeniable and definitive.
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jer je neporecivo i konačno.
01:08
It will also make members of
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Također će napraviti članove
01:09
criminal organizations nervous
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kriminalnih organizacija nervoznima
01:11
for the same reasons.
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zbog nekih razloga.
01:13
I'm going to talk about the role
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Govoriti ću o ulozi
01:16
we members of society play
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koju mi članovi društva igramo
01:18
in this phenomenon,
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u ovom fenomenu,
01:20
and about four different response levels
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i o četiri različite razine odgovora
01:21
we citizens have against violence.
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koje mi građani imamo protiv nasilja.
01:26
I know many will find it difficult to separate the fact
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Znam da će mnogima biti teško razdvojiti činjenicu
01:28
that I'm Carlos Salinas de Gortari's son
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da sam ja sin Carlosa Salinasa de Gortaria
01:30
from the fact that I'm a citizen
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od činjenice da sam građanin
01:32
concerned about the country's current situation.
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zabrinut trenutnom situacijom u državi.
01:33
Don't worry.
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Ne brinite.
01:35
It's not necessary for understanding
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To nije potrebno za razumijevanje
01:37
the importance of what I'm going to say.
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važnosti onog što ću reći.
01:40
I think we have a problem in Mexico.
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Mislim da imamo problem u Meksiku.
01:42
We have a big problem.
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Imamo veliki problem.
01:43
I think there's consensus on this.
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Mislim da postoji konsenzus o tome.
01:45
No one argues --
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Nitko se ne protivi --
01:46
we all agree there's a problem.
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svi se slažemo da problem postoji.
01:47
What we don't agree on
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Oko čega se ne slažemo jest
01:49
is what the problem actually is.
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što je zapravo problem.
01:52
Is it the Zetas? The drug traffickers? The government?
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Je li Zetas? Trgovci drogom? Vlada?
01:57
Corruption? Poverty? Or is it something else?
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Korupcija? Siromaštvo? Ili je nešto drugo?
02:01
I think none of these is the problem.
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Mislim da ni jedno od ovog nije problem.
02:03
I don't mean they don't deserve attention.
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Ne mislim kako oni ne zaslužuju pažnju.
02:06
But we won't be able to take care of any of those things
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Ali nećemo moći popraviti niti jednu od tih stvari
02:08
if we don't solve the real problem
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ako prvo ne sredimo pravi problem
02:10
we have in Mexico first.
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koji imamo u Meksiku.
02:12
The real problem we have is
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Pravi problem koji imamo jest
02:13
most of us Mexicans, we believe we are victims
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da većina nas meksikanaca, vjeruje da smo žrtve
02:16
of our circumstances.
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naših okolnosti.
02:18
We are a country of victims.
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Mi smo država žrtava.
02:20
Historically, we've always acted as victims
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Povijesno, uvijek smo se ponašali kao žrtve
02:23
of something or somebody.
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nečega ili nekoga.
02:25
We were victims of the Spaniards.
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Bili smo žrtve španjolaca.
02:27
Then we were victims of the French.
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Onda smo bili žrtve francuza.
02:29
Then we were victims of Don Porfirio.
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Onda smo bili žrtve Don Porfiria.
02:32
Then we were victims of the PRI.
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Onda smo bili žrtve PRI-a.
02:34
Even of Salinas.
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Čak i Salinasa.
02:36
And of El Peje.
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I El Peje.
02:38
And now of the Zetas and the traffickers and the criminals and the kidnappers ...
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A sada Zetasa i trgovaca ljudima i kriminalaca i otmičara...
02:41
Hold on! Wait a minute!
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Stanite! Pričekajte minutu!
02:43
What if none of these things is the problem?
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Što da niti jedno od ovog nije problem?
02:47
The problem is not the things we feel victims of.
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Problem nisu stvari zbog kojih mi mislimo da smo žrtve.
02:50
The problem is that we play the role of victims.
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Problem jest da mi igramo ulogu žrtve.
02:54
We need to open our eyes and see that we are not victims.
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Moramo otvoriti oči i vidjeti da nismo žrtve.
02:58
If only we stopped feeling like victims,
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Kada bismo se barem prestali osjećati kao žrtve,
03:00
if we stopped acting as victims,
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prestali ponašati kao žrtve,
03:01
our country would change so much!
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naša bi se država promijenila bitno!
03:05
I'm going to talk about how to go from a society
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Pričati ću kako doći iz društva
03:08
that acts as a victim of circumstances
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koje se ponaša kao žrtva okolnosti
03:10
to a responsible, involved society
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u odgovorno, uključeno društvo
03:13
that takes the future of its country in its own hands.
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koje uzima u svoje ruke budućnost svoje države.
03:16
I'm going to talk about four different levels
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Pričati ću o četiri različite razine
03:19
of civil response against violence,
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društvenog odgovora na nasilje,
03:21
from weakest
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od najslabijeg
03:23
to strongest.
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do najjačeg.
03:25
The first level, the weakest level of civil response against violence,
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Prva razina, najslabiji društveni odgovor na nasilje,
03:28
is denial and apathy.
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jest poricanje i apatija.
03:31
Today, much of Mexican society is in denial
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Danas, veliki dio meksičkog društva poriče
03:33
of the situation we're going through.
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situaciju kroz koju prolazimo.
03:36
We want to go on with our daily life
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Želimo nastaviti s našim svakidašnjim životom
03:39
even though we are not living under normal circumstances.
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iako ne živimo pod normalnim okolnostima.
03:41
Daily life in our country is,
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Svakidašnji život u našoj državi jest,
03:44
to say the least,
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pojednostavljeno,
03:47
under extraordinary, exceptional circumstances.
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pod neobičnim, iznimnim okolnostima.
03:49
It's like someone who has a serious illness
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To je kao netko tko ima ozbiljnu bolest
03:53
and pretends it's the flu
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i pretvara se da je gripa
03:55
and it will just go away.
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te da će jednostavno nestati.
03:57
We want to pretend that Mexico has the flu.
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Želimo se pretvarati da Meksiko ima gripu.
04:00
But it doesn't.
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Ali nema.
04:02
Mexico has cancer.
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Meksiko ima rak.
04:04
And if we don't do something about it,
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I ako ne učinimo nešto po tom pitanju,
04:07
the cancer will end up killing it.
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rak će ga ubiti.
04:10
We need to move Mexican society
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Moramo premjestiti meksičko društvo
04:12
from denial and apathy
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iz poricanja i apatije
04:14
to the next level of citizen response,
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na sljedeću razinu društvenog odgovora,
04:17
which is, effectively, recognition.
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koji je, učinkovito priznanje.
04:20
And that recognition will sow fear --
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A to priznanje će sijati strah --
04:24
recognizing the seriousness of the situation.
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prepoznavanje ozbiljnosti situacije.
04:27
But, fear is better than apathy
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Ali, strah je bolji od apatije
04:30
because fear makes us do something.
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jer nas strah tjera da nešto poduzmemo.
04:34
Many people in Mexico
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Mnogi su ljudi u Meksiku
04:37
are afraid today.
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u strahu danas.
04:39
We're very afraid.
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Vrlo smo uplašeni.
04:40
And we're acting out of that fear.
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I djelujemo iz tog straha.
04:43
And let me tell you what the problem is
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Dopustite mi da vam kažem što je problem
04:44
with acting out of fear --
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s djelovanjem iz straha --
04:46
and this is the second level of civil response:
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a ovo je druga razina društvenog odgovora:
04:48
fear.
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strah.
04:50
Let's think about Mexican streets:
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Razmislimo o meksičkim ulicama:
04:52
they're unsafe because of violence,
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one su nesigurne zbog nasilja,
04:56
so people stay at home.
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pa ljudi ostaju doma.
04:58
Does that make streets more or less safe?
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Pravi li to ulice više ili manje sigurnima?
05:03
Less safe!
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Manje sigurnima!
05:04
So streets become more desolate and unsafe,
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Pa ulice postanu pustije i nesigurnije,
05:05
so we stay home more --
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pa više stojimo doma --
05:07
which makes streets even more desolate and unsafe,
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što čini ulice još pustijima i nesigurnijima,
05:09
and we stay home even more.
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pa ostajemo doma još više.
05:11
This vicious circle ends up with the whole population
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Ovaj začarani krug završi s cijelom populacijom
05:13
stuck inside their houses, scared to death --
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u kućama, prestrašenom na smrt --
05:15
even more afraid than when we were out on the streets.
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čak i više nego kada su bili na ulicama.
05:18
We need to confront this fear.
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Moramo se suočiti s ovim strahom.
05:20
We need to move Mexican society,
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Moramo premjestiti meksičko društvo,
05:23
the members of society who are at this level,
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članove društva koji su na ovoj razini,
05:25
to the next level, which is action.
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na sljedeću razinu - akciju.
05:28
We need to face our fears and take back our streets,
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Moramo se suočiti s našim strahovima i preuzeti naše ulice,
05:32
our cities, our neighborhoods.
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gradove, susjedstva.
05:34
For many people, acting involves courage.
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Za mnoge ljude, djelovanje uključuje bijes.
05:41
We go from fear to courage.
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Idemo iz straha u bijes.
05:43
They say, "I can't take it anymore.
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Oni kažu, "Ne mogu ovo više trpjeti.
05:45
Let's do something about it."
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Učinimo nešto po tom pitanju."
05:48
Recently --
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Nedavno --
05:50
this is a sensitive figure --
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ovo je osjetljiv primjer --
05:53
35 public lynchings have been recorded
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35 javnih linčeva je bilo zabilježeno
05:57
so far in 2010
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do sada u 2010.
05:58
in Mexico.
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u Meksiku.
06:02
Usually it's one or two a year.
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Uobičajeno ih ima jedan ili dva godišnje.
06:06
Now we're experiencing one every week.
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Sada to gledamo jednom tjedno.
06:08
This shows that society is desperate
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Ovo pokazuje da je društvo očajno
06:11
and it's taking the law into its own hands.
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i da uzima zakon u svoje ruke.
06:15
Unfortunately, violent action --
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Nažalost, nasilnim istupima --
06:17
though action is better than no action --
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iako je akcija bolja od mirovanja --
06:20
but taking part in it
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ali sudjelovanje u akciji
06:23
only disguises violence.
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samo sakriva nasilje.
06:26
If I'm violent with you
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Ako sam nasilan prema vama
06:28
and you respond with violence,
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a vi odgovorite s nasiljem,
06:30
you become part of the violence
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postali ste dijelom nasilja
06:32
and you just disguise my violence.
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i vi samo sakrivate moje nasilje.
06:36
So civil action
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Tako da je društvena akcija
06:39
is vital,
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ključna,
06:40
but it's also vital to take people
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ali je također ključno premjestiti ljude
06:42
who are at the level of courage
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koji su na razini bijesa
06:45
and violent action
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i nasilne akcije
06:46
to the next level,
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na sljedeću razinu,
06:48
which is non-violent action.
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a to je ne nasilna akcija.
06:50
It's pacific, coordinated civil action,
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To je miroljubiva, koordinirana građanska akcija,
06:53
which doesn't mean passive action.
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koja ne znači pasivnu akciju.
06:55
It means it's determined and effective,
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To znači kako je odlučna i djelotvorna,
06:58
but not violent.
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ali ne nasilna.
07:00
There are examples of this kind of action in Mexico.
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Postoje primjeri te vrste akcije u Meksiku.
07:03
Two years ago, in Galena City, Chihuahua,
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Prije dvije godine u gradu Galena, Chihuahua,
07:08
a member of the community was kidnapped,
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član zajednice je otet,
07:09
Eric Le Barón.
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Eric Le Barón.
07:11
His brothers, Benjamín and Julián,
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Njegova braća, Benjamín i Julián,
07:13
got together with the rest of the community
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su se udružila s ostatkom zajednice
07:15
to think of the best course of action:
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kako bi zajednički osmislili najbolji način za djelovanje:
07:17
to pay the ransom,
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platiti otkupninu,
07:19
to take up arms and go after the kidnappers
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uzeti oružje i krenuti za otmičarima
07:24
or to ask the government for help.
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ili pitati vladu za pomoć.
07:26
In the end, Benjamín and Julián decided
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Na kraju su, Benjamín i Julián odlučili
07:28
the best thing they could do
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kako je najbolji način
07:30
was to organize the community and act together.
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organizirati zajednicu i djelovati zajedno.
07:33
So what did they do?
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I što su učinili?
07:35
They mobilized the whole community of Le Barón
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Oni su mobilizirali cijelu Le Barónovu zajednicu
07:37
to go to Chihuahua,
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kako bi otišli u Chihuahuu,
07:40
where they organized a sit-in
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gdje su organizirali sjedeći prosvjed
07:42
in the central park of the city.
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u glavnom parku grada.
07:45
They sent a message to the kidnappers:
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Poslali su poruku otmičarima:
07:47
"If you want your ransom come and get it.
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"Ako želite otkupninu dođite i uzmite je.
07:50
We'll be waiting for you right here."
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Ovdje ćemo vas čekati."
07:52
They stayed there.
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Ostali su tamo.
07:54
Seven days later, Eric was set free
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Sedam danas kasnije, Eric je osolobođen
07:57
and was able to return home.
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i mogao se vratiti kući.
07:59
This is an example of what an organized society can do,
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Ovo je primjer toga što orgnizirano društvo može napraviti,
08:02
a society that acts.
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društvo koje djeluje.
08:05
Of course, criminals can respond.
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Naravno kriminalci mogu odgovoriti.
08:07
And in this case, they did.
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I u ovom slučaju, jesu.
08:09
On July 7th, 2009,
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07. srpnja 2009.,
08:12
Benjamín Le Barón was murdered.
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Benjamín Le Barón je ubijen.
08:15
But Julián Le Barón keeps working
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Ali je Julián Le Barón nastavio raditi
08:18
and he has been mobilizing communities in Chihuahua
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i on mobilizira zajednicu u Chihuahuai
08:20
for over a year.
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zadnjih godinu dana.
08:22
And for over a year he has known that a price has been put on his head.
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I preko godinu dana je znao kako je cijena stavljena za njegovu glavu.
08:25
But he keeps fighting.
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Ali se nastavio boriti.
08:27
He keeps organizing.
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Nastavio je organizirati.
08:28
He keeps mobilizing.
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Nastavio je mobilizirati.
08:30
These heroic acts are present all over the country.
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Takva herojska djela se mogu vidjeti po cijeloj zemlji.
08:33
With a thousand Juliáns working together,
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S tisuću Juliansa koji rade zajedno,
08:35
Mexico would be a very different country.
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Meksiko bi bio drugačija zemlja.
08:37
And they're out there!
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A oni postoje!
08:39
They just have to raise their hands.
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Samo trebaju podići svoje ruke.
08:43
I was born in Mexico, I grew up in Mexico
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Rođen sam u Meksiku, odrastao sam u Meksiku
08:49
and along the way, I learned to love Mexico.
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i po putu, naučio sam voljeti Meksiko.
08:54
I think anyone who has stepped foot on this land --
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Mislim kako je svatko tko je kročio u ovu zemlju --
08:58
not to mention all Mexican people --
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da ne spominjem sve meksičke ljude --
09:00
will agree that it's not difficult
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složiti ćemo se da nije teško
09:02
to love Mexico.
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voljeti Meksiko.
09:05
I've traveled a lot
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Puno sam proputovao
09:08
and nowhere else have I found the passion Mexicans have.
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i nigdje nisam pronašao strast koju Meksikanci imaju.
09:13
That devotion we feel
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Tu odanost koju osjećamo
09:15
for the national football team.
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za našu nacionalnu nogometnu momčad.
09:17
That devotion we show
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Zalaganje koje pokazujemo
09:19
in helping victims of disasters,
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pomažući žrtvama katastrofa,
09:21
such as the earthquake in 1985
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poput potresa 1985.
09:23
or this year's floods.
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ili ovogodišnjih poplava.
09:26
The passion with which we've been singing the national anthem
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Strast kojom pjevamo nacionalnu himnu
09:31
since we were kids.
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od kada smo djeca.
09:33
When we thought Masiosare
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Kada smo mislili da je Masiosare
09:34
was the strange enemy,
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čudan neprijatelj
09:37
and we sang, with a childlike heart,
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i pjevali smo, sa srcem poput djeteta,
09:40
"a soldier in each son."
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"vojnik u svakom sinu".
09:45
I think the biggest insult,
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Mislim kako je najveća uvreda,
09:47
the worst way you can offend a Mexican
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najgori način na koji možete uvrijediti Meksikanca
09:49
is to insult their mother.
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jest uvrijediti mu majku.
09:51
A mother is the most sacred thing in life.
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Majka je najsvetija stvar u životu.
09:55
Mexico is our mother and today she cries out for her children.
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Meksiko je naša majka i danas vapi za svojom djecom.
09:58
We are going through the darkest moment
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Prolazimo kroz najcrnji trenutak
10:01
in our recent history.
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u našoj nedavnoj povijesti.
10:03
Our mother, Mexico, is being violated before our very eyes.
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Naša majka, Meksiko, je vrijeđa pred našim očima.
10:07
What are we going to do?
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Što ćemo napraviti?
10:10
Masiosare, the strange enemy, is here.
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Masiosare, čudan neprijatelj, je ovdje.
10:13
Where is the soldier in each son?
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Gdje je vojnik u svakom sinu?
10:17
Mahatma Gandhi,
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Mahatma Gandhi,
10:19
one of the greatest civil fighters of all time, said,
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jedan od najvećih građanskih boraca svih vremena, je rekao,
10:23
"Be the change you wish to see in the world."
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"Budite promjena koju želite vidjeti u svijetu."
10:27
Today in Mexico we're asking for Gandhis.
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Danas u Meksiku taržimo Gandhije.
10:30
We need Ghandis.
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Trebamo Gandhije.
10:33
We need men and women who love Mexico
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Trebamo muškarce i žene koji vole Meksiko
10:36
and who are willing to take action.
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i koji žele kenuti u akciju.
10:39
This is a call for every true Mexican
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Ovo je poziv za svakog istinskog Meksikanca
10:44
to join this initiative.
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da se pridruži ovoj inicijativi.
10:46
This is a call
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Ovo je poziv
10:47
so that every single thing we love about Mexico --
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kako bi svaka stvar koju volimo o Meksiku --
10:50
the festivals, the markets,
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festivali, tržnice,
10:52
the restaurants, the cantinas,
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restorani, kantine,
10:54
the tequila, the mariachis, the serenades,
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tekila, mariachi, serenade,
10:57
the posadas, El Grito, the Day of the Dead,
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slavlja, El Grito, dan mrtvih,
11:01
San Miguel, the joy, the passion for life,
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San Miguel, zadovoljstvo, strast za životom,
11:05
the fight and everything it means to be Mexican --
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borba i sve što znači biti Meksikanac --
11:09
doesn't disappear from this world.
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ne nestaje iz ovog svijeta.
11:13
We're facing a very powerful opponent.
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Suočeni smo s močnim protivnikom.
11:16
But we are many more.
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Ali nas je puno više.
11:19
They can take a man's life.
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Mogu čovjeku oduzeti život.
11:21
Anyone can kill me,
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Bilo tko me može ubiti,
11:23
or you, or you.
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ili ti, ili ti.
11:25
But no one can kill
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Ali nitko ne može ubiti
11:27
the spirit of true Mexicans.
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duh istinskog Meksikanca.
11:30
The battle is won,
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Bitka je dobivena,
11:32
but we still have to fight it.
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ali i dalje se moramo boriti.
11:35
2000 years ago, the Roman poet Juvenal
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Prije 2000 godina, rimski pjesnik Juvenal
11:40
said something that today echoes
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je rekao nešto što danas odzvanja
11:43
in the heart of every true Mexican.
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u srcu svakog istinskog Meksikanca.
11:46
He said, "Count it the greatest sin
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Rekao je, "Najveći grijeh
11:51
to prefer life to honor,
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jest preferirati život naspram časti,
11:56
and for the sake of living
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i zbog življenja
12:00
to lose what makes life worth living."
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izgubiti ono što život čini vrijednim življenja."
12:04
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
12:05
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emiliano Salinas - Community activistEmiliano Salinas, the son of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas de Gortari, is helping communities throughout Mexico organize and peacefully respond to escalating violence.
Why you should listen
Emiliano Salinas is the vice president of Prorsus Capital, an investment fund that promotes ethical and innovative projects in Mexico. He's general coordinator of Movimiento Inlak'ech por la Paz, A.C. (Inlak'ech Peace Movement), a civil initiative, founded by scientist and humanist Keith Raniere, that seeks to restore peace in Mexico by strengthening its society to transform violence with compassion.
Emiliano Salinas | Speaker | TED.com