TED-Ed
Jon Bergmann: Just how small is an atom?
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
5,793,993 views
Just how small are atoms? Really, really, really small. This fast-paced animation from TED-Ed uses metaphors (imagine a blueberry the size of a football stadium!) to give a visceral sense of just how small atoms are. Lesson by Jon Bergmann, animation by Cognitive Media.
Jon Bergmann - Educator
Jon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting. Full bio
Jon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
(Glazba)
Vjerojatno već znate da je sve stvoreno
00:26
You probably already know
0
13809
1200
od malih čestica zvanih atomi.
00:28
everything is made up
of little tiny things called atoms
of little tiny things called atoms
1
15033
2690
Također zasigurno znate da je svaki atom sastavljen od još manjih čestica
00:30
or even that each atom
is made up of even smaller particles
is made up of even smaller particles
2
17747
2961
zvanih protoni, neutroni i elektroni.
00:33
called protons, neutrons and electrons.
3
20732
2122
I vjerojatno ste čuli da su atomi mali.
00:35
And you've probably heard
that atoms are small.
that atoms are small.
4
22878
2287
Ali vjerujem da niste
razmišljali o tome koliko su zaista mali.
razmišljali o tome koliko su zaista mali.
00:38
But I bet you haven't ever thought
about how small atoms really are.
about how small atoms really are.
5
25189
4160
Pa, odgovor je da su zaista,
zaista, zaista mali.
zaista, zaista mali.
00:42
Well, the answer is
that they are really, really small.
that they are really, really small.
6
29373
3716
Pa se pitate, koliko su zaista atomi mali?
00:46
So you ask, just how small are atoms?
7
33908
3039
Kako bismo ovo razumjeli,
postavimo ovo pitanje:
postavimo ovo pitanje:
00:49
To understand this,
let's ask this question:
let's ask this question:
8
36971
3073
Koliko atoma ima u grejpu?
00:53
How many atoms are in a grapefruit?
9
40068
1908
Pretpostavimo da se grejpu
sastoji samo od atoma dušika,
sastoji samo od atoma dušika,
00:55
Well, let's assume that the grapefruit
is made up of only nitrogen atoms,
is made up of only nitrogen atoms,
10
42721
3429
što nije u potpunosti istina,
ali postoje atomi dušika u grejpu.
ali postoje atomi dušika u grejpu.
00:59
which isn't at all true, but there
are nitrogen atoms in a grapefruit.
are nitrogen atoms in a grapefruit.
11
46174
3658
Kako bismo vam pomogli
to vizualizirati, povećajmo svaki atom
to vizualizirati, povećajmo svaki atom
01:02
To help you visualize this,
let's blow up each of the atoms
let's blow up each of the atoms
12
49856
3031
na veličinu borovnice.
01:05
to the size of a blueberry.
13
52911
1813
I onda koliki bi morao biti grejp?
01:07
And then how big
would the grapefruit have to be?
would the grapefruit have to be?
14
54748
3148
Morao bi biti iste veličine --
pa kao Zemlja.
pa kao Zemlja.
01:10
It would have to be the same size of
-- well, actually, the Earth.
-- well, actually, the Earth.
15
57920
4029
To je suludo! Hoćete reći da ako napunim Zemlju borovnicama,
01:14
That's crazy!
16
61973
1016
01:16
You mean to say that if I filled
the Earth with blueberries,
the Earth with blueberries,
17
63013
2821
imao bih isti broj dušikovih atoma kao grejp?
01:18
I would have the same number
of nitrogen atoms as a grapefruit?
of nitrogen atoms as a grapefruit?
18
65858
2977
Tako je! Pa koliki je atom?
01:21
That's right!
19
68859
1000
01:23
So how big is the atom?
20
70258
1533
Pa, zapravo je jako, jako, jako, jako mal.
01:25
Well, it's really, really small!
21
72761
1741
I znate što?
01:28
And you know what?
It gets even more crazy.
It gets even more crazy.
22
75541
2435
Postaje još luđe.
01:31
Let's now look inside of each atom
-- and thus the blueberry, right? --
-- and thus the blueberry, right? --
23
78000
3773
Pričajmo sada o unutrašnjosti
svakog atoma -- i borovnici?
svakog atoma -- i borovnici?
Što vidite ovdje?
01:34
What do you see there?
24
81797
1113
U centru atom je nešto što se zove jezgra,
01:35
In the center of the atom
is something called the nucleus,
is something called the nucleus,
25
82934
2721
koja sadrži protone i neutrone,
01:38
which contains protons and neutrons,
26
85679
1727
i sa vanjske strane vidjeli bi elektrone.
01:40
and on the outside, you'd see electrons.
27
87430
2061
Pa kolika je jezgra?
01:42
So how big is the nucleus?
28
89515
1461
Pa, ako su atomi kao borovnice u Zemlji, kolika bi bila jezgra?
01:44
If atoms are like blueberries
in the Earth,
in the Earth,
29
91381
2135
01:46
how big would the nucleus be?
30
93540
1777
Možda se sjećate starih
slika atoma s nastave,
slika atoma s nastave,
01:48
You might remember the old pictures
of the atom from science class,
of the atom from science class,
31
95341
3217
gdje ste vidjeli ovu malu točku na
stranici sa strelicom koja pokazuje na jezgru.
stranici sa strelicom koja pokazuje na jezgru.
01:51
where you saw this tiny dot on the page
with an arrow pointing to the nucleus.
with an arrow pointing to the nucleus.
32
98582
3763
E, pa te slike nisu napravljene srazmjerno,
01:55
Well, those pictures,
they're not drawn to scale,
they're not drawn to scale,
33
102369
2395
tako da su ponešto krive.
01:57
so they're kind of wrong.
34
104788
1615
Kolika je jezgra?
01:59
So how big is the nucleus?
35
106427
1556
Ako bi otvorili borovnicu
02:01
So if you popped open the blueberry
and were searching for the nucleus ...
and were searching for the nucleus ...
36
108007
3969
i tražili jezgru,
znate što? Bila bi nevidljiva.
02:06
You know what? It would be invisible.
37
113236
2246
Premala je da bi se vidjela!
02:08
It's too small to see!
38
115506
1642
OK. Povećajmo atom -- borovnicu --
02:10
OK. Let's blow up the atom --
the blueberry --
the blueberry --
39
117944
2776
na veličinu kuće.
02:13
to the size of a house.
40
120744
1232
02:15
So imagine a ball that is as tall
as a two-story house.
as a two-story house.
41
122000
3738
Zamislite loptu koja je
velika kao dvokatnica.
velika kao dvokatnica.
Pogledajmo jezgru u središtu atoma.
02:18
Let's look for the nucleus
in the center of the atom.
in the center of the atom.
42
125762
2477
I znate što? Bila bi jedva vidljiva.
02:21
And do you know what?
It would just barely be visible.
It would just barely be visible.
43
128263
3295
Kako bismo shvatili kolika je jezgra,
02:25
So to get our minds wrapped
around how big the nucleus is,
around how big the nucleus is,
44
132141
2821
moramo povećati borovnicu
na veličinu stadiona.
na veličinu stadiona.
02:27
we need to blow up the blueberry,
up to the size of a football stadium.
up to the size of a football stadium.
45
134986
3990
02:32
So imagine a ball the size
of a football stadium,
of a football stadium,
46
139000
2976
Zamislite loptu veličine nogometnog stadiona,
02:35
and right smack dab
in the center of the atom,
in the center of the atom,
47
142000
2976
i u sred tog atoma,
02:38
you would find the nucleus,
and you could see it!
and you could see it!
48
145000
2334
našli biste jezgru, vidjeli biste je!
I bila bi veličine male pikule.
02:41
And it would be the size
of a small marble.
of a small marble.
49
148278
2624
I ima još, ako vas već sada nisam raspametio.
02:45
And there's more, if I haven't
blown your mind by now.
blown your mind by now.
50
152121
2556
Pogledajmo još malo atom.
Sadržava protone, neutrone i elektrone.
Sadržava protone, neutrone i elektrone.
02:47
Let's consider the atom some more.
51
154701
1620
02:49
It contains protons,
neutrons and electrons.
neutrons and electrons.
52
156345
2197
Protoni i neutroni žive unutar jezgre,
02:51
The protons and neutrons
live inside of the nucleus,
live inside of the nucleus,
53
158566
2429
i sadrže gotovo svu masu atoma.
02:54
and contain almost
all of the mass of the atom.
all of the mass of the atom.
54
161019
2191
Na samom rubu su elektroni.
02:56
Way on the edge are the electrons.
55
163234
1742
02:58
So if an atom is like a ball
the size of a football stadium,
the size of a football stadium,
56
165000
2976
Ako je atom lopta veličine stadiona,
03:01
with the nucleus in the center,
and the electrons on the edge,
and the electrons on the edge,
57
168000
2905
sa jezgrom u središtu i elektronima na rubu,
što se nalazi između jezre i elektrona?
03:03
what is in between the nucleus
and the electrons?
and the electrons?
58
170929
2286
Iznenađujuće, odgovor je prazan prostor.
03:07
Surprisingly, the answer is empty space.
59
174104
3007
(Zvuk vjetra)
03:10
(Wind noise)
60
177987
2570
Tako je. Prazno!
03:13
That's right. Empty!
61
180581
1395
03:15
Between the nucleus and the electrons,
there are vast regions of empty space.
there are vast regions of empty space.
62
182000
4305
Između jezgre i elektrona
postoje veliki prazni prostori.
postoje veliki prazni prostori.
Sad, tehnički postoje neka elektromagnetska polja.
03:19
Now, technically there are
some electromagnetic fields,
some electromagnetic fields,
63
186329
2572
ali po pitanju stvari, materije, prazno je.
03:21
but in terms of stuff,
matter, it is empty.
matter, it is empty.
64
188925
2911
Upamtite ova velika regija
praznog prostora
praznog prostora
03:24
Remember this vast region of empty space
is inside the blueberry,
is inside the blueberry,
65
191860
3523
je unutar borovnice, što je unutar Zemlje,
03:28
which is inside the Earth,
66
195407
1895
a to su zapravo atomi u grejpu,
03:30
which really are the atoms
in the grapefruit.
in the grapefruit.
67
197326
2185
Još jedna stvar, ako mogu biti bizarniji.
03:32
OK, one more thing,
if I can even get more bizarre.
if I can even get more bizarre.
68
199535
3441
Pošto je sva masa atoma u jezgri --
03:36
Since virtually all the mass
of an atom is in the nucleus --
of an atom is in the nucleus --
69
203769
3586
postoji neka količina mase u elektronima,
03:40
now, there is some amount
of mass in the electrons,
of mass in the electrons,
70
207379
2649
ali većina je u jezgri --
03:43
but most of it is in the nucleus --
71
210052
2021
koliko je gusta jezgra?
03:45
how dense is the nucleus?
72
212097
1772
Pa, odgovor je lud.
03:46
Well, the answer is crazy.
73
213893
1919
Gustoća tipične jezgre
03:48
The density of a typical nucleus
74
215836
1890
je četiri puta 10 na sedamnaestu kilograma po metru kubnom.
03:50
is four times 10 to the 17th
kilograms per meter cubed.
kilograms per meter cubed.
75
217750
3226
Ali to je teško vizualizirati. Ok, prebacit ću u engleske jedinice.
03:54
But that's hard to visualize.
OK, I'll put it in English units.
OK, I'll put it in English units.
76
221615
3329
2.5 puta 10 na šesnaestu
03:57
2.5 times 10 to the 16th pounds
per cubic feet.
per cubic feet.
77
224968
4008
funti po kubnoj stopi.
OK, to je još uvijek teško pojmiti.
04:02
OK, that's still kind of hard to figure.
78
229864
1905
OK, ovo želim da učinite.
04:04
OK, here's what I want you to do.
79
231793
2101
Napravite kutiju koja je velika
stopu puta stopu puta stopu.
stopu puta stopu puta stopu.
04:06
Make a box that is one foot
by one foot by one foot.
by one foot by one foot.
80
233918
3524
Sada pokupimo sve jezgre iz tipičnog auta.
04:10
Now let's go and grab
all of the nuclei from a typical car.
all of the nuclei from a typical car.
81
237466
3687
Sada, auti prosječno teže 2 tone.
04:14
Now, cars on average weigh two tons.
82
241177
2334
Koliko jezgri auta bi morali staviti u kutiju
04:16
How many cars' nuclei would you
have to put into the box
have to put into the box
83
243535
3536
da biste imali jednu
kutiju iste gustoće kao jezgra?
kutiju iste gustoće kao jezgra?
04:20
to have your one-foot-box have
the same density of the nucleus?
the same density of the nucleus?
84
247095
2953
Je li jedan? Dva? 100?
04:23
Is it one car? Two?
85
250072
1328
04:24
How about 100?
86
251424
1000
Ne, ne i ne.
04:26
Nope, nope and nope.
87
253025
2123
Odgovor je puno više.
04:28
The answer is much bigger.
88
255825
1239
6,2 milijarde.
04:30
It is 6.2 billion.
89
257702
2795
Skoro koliko ima ljudi na Zemlji.
04:34
That is almost equal to the number
of people in the Earth.
of people in the Earth.
90
261303
2893
Kada bi svi na Zemlji
posjedovali vlastiti auto --
posjedovali vlastiti auto --
04:37
So if everyone in the Earth
owned their own car --
owned their own car --
91
264220
2334
a ne posjeduju --
04:39
and they don't --
92
266578
1331
04:40
(Cars honking)
93
267933
1215
i stavimo sve aute u vašu kutiju,
04:42
and we put all of those
cars into your box ...
cars into your box ...
94
269172
2200
bila bi gustoće kao jezgra.
04:46
That would be about
the density of a nucleus.
the density of a nucleus.
95
273148
2486
Kažem da ako uzmete svaki
auto na svijetu i stavite ga u kutiju,
auto na svijetu i stavite ga u kutiju,
04:49
So I'm saying that if you took
every car in the world
every car in the world
96
276909
2544
04:52
and put it into your one-foot box,
97
279477
2331
imali bi gustoću jedne jezgre.
04:54
you would have the density of one nucleus.
98
281832
2144
Ok, ponovimo.
04:57
OK, let's review.
99
284000
1212
Atom je zaista, zaista, zaista malen.
04:58
The atom is really,
100
285236
1660
04:59
really, really small.
101
286920
2298
Zamislite atome u grejpu
kao borovnice u Zemlji.
kao borovnice u Zemlji.
05:02
Think atoms in a grapefruit
like blueberries in the Earth.
like blueberries in the Earth.
102
289242
3366
Jezgra je suludo mala.
05:06
The nucleus is crazy small.
103
293396
2628
Pogledajte u borovnicu i
povećajte ju na veličinu stadiona,
povećajte ju na veličinu stadiona,
05:09
Now look inside the blueberry,
104
296048
1669
05:10
and blow it up to the size
of a football stadium,
of a football stadium,
105
297741
2415
i sada je jezgra pikula u sredini.
05:13
and now the nucleus
is a marble in the middle.
is a marble in the middle.
106
300180
2143
Atom je sačinjen od velikih regija praznog prostora.
05:16
The atom is made up
of vast regions of empty space.
of vast regions of empty space.
107
303417
3580
To je čudno.
05:20
That's weird.
108
307608
1000
Jezgra je suludo gusta.
05:21
The nucleus has a crazy-high density.
109
308632
2220
Zamislite stavljati one aute u vašu kutiju.
05:23
Think of putting all those cars
in your one-foot box.
in your one-foot box.
110
310876
2477
Mislim da sam umoran.
05:27
I think I'm tired.
111
314821
1308
(Zjevanje)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Bergmann - EducatorJon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting.
Why you should listen
Jon Bergmann is considered one of the pioneers in the Flipped Class Movement -- in fact, he co-wrote the book on the Flipped Classroom, available from ISTE Press in June 2012. Bergmann believes educators should ask one guiding question: What is best for my students in my classroom? To the best of his abilities he has done this in his two-plus decades as a high school science teacher. He received the Presidential Award for Excellence for Math and Science Teaching in 2002 and was named Semi-Finalist for Colorado Teacher of the Year in 2010. He blogs at flipped-learning.com.
He is the Lead Technology Facilitator for the Joseph Sears School in Kenilworth, Illinois.
Read about the making of "How Small Is an Atom?" >>
Jon Bergmann | Speaker | TED.com