ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Bergmann - Educator
Jon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting.

Why you should listen

Jon Bergmann is considered one of the pioneers in the Flipped Class Movement -- in fact, he co-wrote the book on the Flipped Classroom, available from ISTE Press in June 2012. Bergmann believes educators should ask one guiding question: What is best for my students in my classroom?  To the best of his abilities he has done this in his two-plus decades as a high school science teacher. He received the Presidential Award for Excellence for Math and Science Teaching in 2002 and was named Semi-Finalist for Colorado Teacher of the Year in 2010. He blogs at flipped-learning.com.

He is the Lead Technology Facilitator for the Joseph Sears School in Kenilworth, Illinois.

Read about the making of "How Small Is an Atom?" >>

More profile about the speaker
Jon Bergmann | Speaker | TED.com
TED-Ed

Jon Bergmann: Just how small is an atom?

Filmed:
5,793,993 views

Just how small are atoms? Really, really, really small. This fast-paced animation from TED-Ed uses metaphors (imagine a blueberry the size of a football stadium!) to give a visceral sense of just how small atoms are. Lesson by Jon Bergmann, animation by Cognitive Media.
- Educator
Jon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:26
You probablymungkin alreadysudah know
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Kamu mungkin sudah tahu
00:28
everything is madeterbuat up
of little tinymungil things calledbernama atomsatom
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semua terdiri dari benda
sangat kecil yang disebut atom
00:30
or even that eachsetiap atomatom
is madeterbuat up of even smallerlebih kecil particlespartikel
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atau bahwa setiap atom
terdiri dari partikel yang lebih kecil
00:33
calledbernama protonsproton, neutronsneutron and electronselektron.
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disebut proton, neutron, dan elektron.
00:35
And you've probablymungkin heardmendengar
that atomsatom are smallkecil.
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Dan kamu mungkin mendengar
bahwa atom kecil.
00:38
But I betbertaruh you haven'ttidak ever thought
about how smallkecil atomsatom really are.
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Tapi aku yakin kamu belum pernah berpikir
tentang seberapa kecil atom sebenarnya.
00:42
Well, the answermenjawab is
that they are really, really smallkecil.
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Jawabannya adalah
mereka benar-benar, benar-benar kecil.
00:46
So you askmeminta, just how smallkecil are atomsatom?
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Jadi kamu bertanya, seberapa kecil atom?
00:49
To understandmemahami this,
let's askmeminta this questionpertanyaan:
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Untuk memahami hal ini,
mari kita ajukan pertanyaan ini:
00:53
How manybanyak atomsatom are in a grapefruitjeruk?
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Berapa banyak atom dalam buah jeruk?
00:55
Well, let's assumemenganggap that the grapefruitjeruk
is madeterbuat up of only nitrogennitrogen atomsatom,
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Nah, mari kita asumsikan bahwa jeruk
hanya terdiri dari atom nitrogen,
00:59
whichyang isn't at all truebenar, but there
are nitrogennitrogen atomsatom in a grapefruitjeruk.
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yang sama sekali tidak benar, tetapi ada
atom nitrogen dalam buah jeruk.
01:02
To help you visualizemembayangkan this,
let's blowpukulan up eachsetiap of the atomsatom
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Untuk memberikan kamu gambaran,
mari perbesar setiap atom
01:05
to the sizeukuran of a blueberryBlueberry.
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menjadi ukuran sebuah blueberry.
01:07
And then how bigbesar
would the grapefruitjeruk have to be?
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Kemudian seberapa besar harusnya
buah jeruk?
01:10
It would have to be the samesama sizeukuran of
-- well, actuallysebenarnya, the EarthBumi.
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Ukurannya harus sama dengan bumi.
01:14
That's crazygila!
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Itu gila!
01:16
You mean to say that if I filledterisi
the EarthBumi with blueberriesBlueberry,
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Maksudmu kalau aku
mengisi bumi dengan blueberry,
01:18
I would have the samesama numberjumlah
of nitrogennitrogen atomsatom as a grapefruitjeruk?
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aku akan memiliki jumlah
atom nitrogen yang sama dengan jeruk?
01:21
That's right!
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Itu benar!
01:23
So how bigbesar is the atomatom?
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Jadi seberapa besar atom itu?
01:25
Well, it's really, really smallkecil!
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jadi, ia sangat-sangat kecil!
01:28
And you know what?
It getsmendapat even more crazygila.
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Dan tahu tidak? Ini bahkan lebih gila lagi
01:31
Let's now look insidedalam of eachsetiap atomatom
-- and thusdemikian the blueberryBlueberry, right? --
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Sekarang mari kita lihat dalam setiap atom
--dengan demikian blueberry, kan? -
01:34
What do you see there?
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Apa yang kamu lihat?
01:35
In the centerpusat of the atomatom
is something calledbernama the nucleusinti,
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Di pusat atom
ada sesuatu yang disebut nukleus,
01:38
whichyang containsmengandung protonsproton and neutronsneutron,
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yang mengandung proton dan neutron,
01:40
and on the outsidedi luar, you'dAnda akan see electronselektron.
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dan di luar, kamu akan melihat elektron.
01:42
So how bigbesar is the nucleusinti?
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Jadi seberapa besar nukleus?
01:44
If atomsatom are like blueberriesBlueberry
in the EarthBumi,
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Jika atom seperti blueberry
di Bumi,
01:46
how bigbesar would the nucleusinti be?
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seberapa besar jadinya nukleus?
01:48
You mightmungkin rememberingat the oldtua picturesfoto-foto
of the atomatom from scienceilmu classkelas,
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kamu mungkin ingat foto lama
atom dari kelas sains,
kamu melihat titik kecil ini pada halaman
dengan panah yang menunjuk ke inti.
01:51
where you saw this tinymungil dotdot on the pagehalaman
with an arrowpanah pointingmenunjuk to the nucleusinti.
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01:55
Well, those picturesfoto-foto,
they're not drawnditarik to scaleskala,
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Nah, gambar itu tidak dibuat
dalam skala yang benar
01:57
so they're kindjenis of wrongsalah.
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jadi bisa dibilang salah.
01:59
So how bigbesar is the nucleusinti?
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Jadi seberapa besar nukleus?
02:01
So if you poppedmuncul openBuka the blueberryBlueberry
and were searchingmencari for the nucleusinti ...
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Jadi jika kamu membelah blueberry
dan mencari intinya ...
02:06
You know what? It would be invisibletak terlihat.
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Tahu tidak? Ia akan tidak terlihat.
02:08
It's too smallkecil to see!
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Ia terlalu kecill untuk dilihat!
02:10
OK. Let's blowpukulan up the atomatom --
the blueberryBlueberry --
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Ok. Mari kita perbesar atom itu --
blueberry--
02:13
to the sizeukuran of a houserumah.
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menjadi ukuran rumah.
02:15
So imaginemembayangkan a ballbola that is as talltinggi
as a two-storylantai dua houserumah.
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Jadi bayangkan sebuah bola setinggi rumah
dua lantai.
02:18
Let's look for the nucleusinti
in the centerpusat of the atomatom.
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Mari kita cari nukleus itu
di tengah-tengah atom.
02:21
And do you know what?
It would just barelyhampir be visibleterlihat.
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Dan tahu tidak? Ia nyaris tidak terlihat
02:25
So to get our mindspikiran wrappeddibungkus
around how bigbesar the nucleusinti is,
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Jadi untuk mendapat kesimpulan seberapa
besar nukleus itu,
02:27
we need to blowpukulan up the blueberryBlueberry,
up to the sizeukuran of a footballsepak bola stadiumstadion.
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kita perlu perbesar blueberry, sampai
berukuran sebuah stadion sepak bola.
02:32
So imaginemembayangkan a ballbola the sizeukuran
of a footballsepak bola stadiumstadion,
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Jadi bayangkan sebuah bola seukuran
stadion sepak bola,
02:35
and right smackmemukul dabOleskan
in the centerpusat of the atomatom,
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dan tepat di tengah-tengah atom,
02:38
you would find the nucleusinti,
and you could see it!
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kamu akan menemukan nukleus,
dan bisa melihatnya!!
02:41
And it would be the sizeukuran
of a smallkecil marblemarmer.
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Dan ukurannya akan sekecil sebutir
kelereng
02:45
And there's more, if I haven'ttidak
blownsesak nafas your mindpikiran by now.
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Dan ada lagi, jika aku belum
membuat heran sekarang.
02:47
Let's considermempertimbangkan the atomatom some more.
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Mari lihat atom kembali.
02:49
It containsmengandung protonsproton,
neutronsneutron and electronselektron.
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Ia terdiri dari proton, neutron, dan
elektron.
02:51
The protonsproton and neutronsneutron
livehidup insidedalam of the nucleusinti,
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Proton dan neutron berada di dalam nukleus
02:54
and containberisi almosthampir
all of the massmassa of the atomatom.
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dan mengandung hampir semua masa atom.
02:56
Way on the edgetepi are the electronselektron.
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Yang di tepi adalah elektron.
02:58
So if an atomatom is like a ballbola
the sizeukuran of a footballsepak bola stadiumstadion,
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Jadi jika atom seperti sebuah bola
sebesar stadion sepak bola,
03:01
with the nucleusinti in the centerpusat,
and the electronselektron on the edgetepi,
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dengan nukleus di pusatnya,
dan elektron di tepinya,
03:03
what is in betweenantara the nucleusinti
and the electronselektron?
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Apa yang berada di antara nukleus
dan elektron?
03:07
SurprisinglyMengejutkan, the answermenjawab is emptykosong spaceruang.
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Mengejutkan, jawabannya adalah
ruang kosong.
03:10
(WindAngin noisekebisingan)
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(suara angin)
03:13
That's right. EmptyKosong!
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Benar sekali. Kosong!
03:15
BetweenAntara the nucleusinti and the electronselektron,
there are vastluas regionsdaerah of emptykosong spaceruang.
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Di antara nukleus dan elektron, Ada
ruang kosong yang sangat luas
03:19
Now, technicallysecara teknis there are
some electromagneticelektromagnetik fieldsladang,
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Secara teknis ada medan magnet,
03:21
but in termsistilah of stuffbarang,
mattermasalah, it is emptykosong.
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tetapi dalam hal benda, Itu ruang kosong.
03:24
RememberIngat this vastluas regionwilayah of emptykosong spaceruang
is insidedalam the blueberryBlueberry,
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Ingat wilayah yang luas ini ruang kosong
di dalam blueberry,
03:28
whichyang is insidedalam the EarthBumi,
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yang ada di dalam bumi,
03:30
whichyang really are the atomsatom
in the grapefruitjeruk.
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dan atom benar-benar
di jeruk.
03:32
OK, one more thing,
if I can even get more bizarreaneh.
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OK, satu hal lagi, jika
aku bahkan bisa menjadi lebih aneh.
03:36
SinceSejak virtuallysebenarnya all the massmassa
of an atomatom is in the nucleusinti --
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Karena hampir semua massa
atom dalam inti -
03:40
now, there is some amountjumlah
of massmassa in the electronselektron,
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dan, ada beberapa jumlah
massa pada elektron,
03:43
but mostpaling of it is in the nucleusinti --
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tetapi sebagian besar ada dalam inti -
03:45
how densepadat is the nucleusinti?
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Seberapa padat nukleus?
03:46
Well, the answermenjawab is crazygila.
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jawabannya, cukup gila.
03:48
The densitymassa jenis of a typicalkhas nucleusinti
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Kepadatan dari sebuah nukleus
03:50
is fourempat timeswaktu 10 to the 17thth
kilogramskilogram perper metermeter cubedcubed.
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adalah empat kali 10 pangkat 17
kilogram per meter kubik
Tapi itu sulit digambarkan. OK, aku akan
memakai unit dalam bahasa Inggris.
03:54
But that's hardkeras to visualizemembayangkan.
OK, I'll put it in EnglishInggris unitsunit.
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03:57
2.5 timeswaktu 10 to the 16thth poundspound
perper cubickubik feetkaki.
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2,5 kali 10 pangkat 16 pons
per kaki kubik.
04:02
OK, that's still kindjenis of hardkeras to figureangka.
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OK, itu masih agak sulit dimengerti
04:04
OK, here'sini what I want you to do.
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OK, aku ingin kamu melakukan ini.
04:06
Make a boxkotak that is one footkaki
by one footkaki by one footkaki.
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Membuat kotak dengan sisi satu kaki,
satu kaki, satu kaki.
04:10
Now let's go and grabmengambil
all of the nucleiinti from a typicalkhas carmobil.
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Sekarang mari kita ambil
semua inti dari sebuah mobil.
04:14
Now, carsmobil on averagerata-rata weighMenimbang two tonston.
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berat rata-rata mobil 2 tons.
04:16
How manybanyak cars'Mobil nucleiinti would you
have to put into the boxkotak
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Ada berapa banyak inti mobil yang harus
dimasukkan ke dalam kotak
04:20
to have your one-foot-boxsatu-kaki-kotak have
the samesama densitymassa jenis of the nucleusinti?
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agar kotakmu punya
kepadatan yang sama dengan nukleus?
04:23
Is it one carmobil? Two?
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apakah satu mobil? dua?
04:24
How about 100?
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Bagaimana dengan 100?
04:26
NopeNope, nopenggak and nopenggak.
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Tidak, tidak dan tidak.
Jawabannya jauh lebih besar.
04:28
The answermenjawab is much biggerlebih besar.
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04:30
It is 6.2 billionmilyar.
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Itu 6,2 miliar.
04:34
That is almosthampir equalsama to the numberjumlah
of people in the EarthBumi.
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Hampir sama dengan jumlah
manusia di Bumi.
04:37
So if everyonesemua orang in the EarthBumi
owneddimiliki theirmereka ownsendiri carmobil --
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Jadi jika semua orang
memiliki mobil sendiri -
04:39
and they don't --
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dan mereka tidak--
04:40
(CarsMobil honkingklakson)
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(bunyi klakson)
04:42
and we put all of those
carsmobil into your boxkotak ...
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dan kita taruh semua
mobil ke dalam kotakmu ...
04:46
That would be about
the densitymassa jenis of a nucleusinti.
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Itu nilainya sekitaran
kepadatan satu inti.
04:49
So I'm sayingpepatah that if you tookmengambil
everysetiap carmobil in the worlddunia
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Jadi jika kamu mengambil setiap mobil
di dunia
04:52
and put it into your one-footsatu kaki boxkotak,
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dan memasukkannya ke dalam
kotak satu kakimu,
04:54
you would have the densitymassa jenis of one nucleusinti.
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kamu akan memiliki kepadatan satu inti.
04:57
OK, let's reviewulasan.
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OK, mari kita tinjau.
04:58
The atomatom is really,
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atom benar-benar,
04:59
really, really smallkecil.
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benar-benar, benar-benar kecil.
05:02
Think atomsatom in a grapefruitjeruk
like blueberriesBlueberry in the EarthBumi.
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Pikirkan atom dalam jeruk
seperti blueberry di Bumi.
05:06
The nucleusinti is crazygila smallkecil.
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Inti yang amat sangat kecil.
05:09
Now look insidedalam the blueberryBlueberry,
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Sekarang lihat ke dalam blueberry,
05:10
and blowpukulan it up to the sizeukuran
of a footballsepak bola stadiumstadion,
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dan perbesar ke ukuran sebuah
stadion sepak bola,
05:13
and now the nucleusinti
is a marblemarmer in the middletengah.
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dan sekarang inti
kelereng di tengah.
05:16
The atomatom is madeterbuat up
of vastluas regionsdaerah of emptykosong spaceruang.
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atom terdiri dari
daerah ruang kosong yang luas.
05:20
That's weirdaneh.
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Itu aneh.
05:21
The nucleusinti has a crazy-highgila-tinggi densitymassa jenis.
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Inti memiliki kepadatan yang
sangat tinggi.
05:23
Think of puttingmenempatkan all those carsmobil
in your one-footsatu kaki boxkotak.
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Bayangkan semua mobil tadi
dalam kotak satu kakimu.
05:27
I think I'm tiredlelah.
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Aku kira aku lelah.
Translated by Issyatul Mardiah
Reviewed by Ade Indarta

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Bergmann - Educator
Jon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting.

Why you should listen

Jon Bergmann is considered one of the pioneers in the Flipped Class Movement -- in fact, he co-wrote the book on the Flipped Classroom, available from ISTE Press in June 2012. Bergmann believes educators should ask one guiding question: What is best for my students in my classroom?  To the best of his abilities he has done this in his two-plus decades as a high school science teacher. He received the Presidential Award for Excellence for Math and Science Teaching in 2002 and was named Semi-Finalist for Colorado Teacher of the Year in 2010. He blogs at flipped-learning.com.

He is the Lead Technology Facilitator for the Joseph Sears School in Kenilworth, Illinois.

Read about the making of "How Small Is an Atom?" >>

More profile about the speaker
Jon Bergmann | Speaker | TED.com